初中英语重点语法+词汇

初中英语重点语法+词汇
初中英语重点语法+词汇

词类(Parts of Speech)

名词英文名称The Noun(缩写为n.) 表示人或事物的名称例词

boy,clock,book等

冠词英文名称The Article(缩写为art.) 用在名词前帮助说明名词所指的人和或事物。例词a(an),the

代词英文名称The Pronoun(缩写为pron) 用来代替名词、形容词或是数词例词we,that,his,what

形容词英文名称The Adjective(缩写为adj.) 用以修饰名词,表示人或事物的特征

例词old,red,fine,good.

数词英文名称The Numeral(缩写为num.) 表示数量或是顺序。例词one,thirteen

first

动词英文名称The Verb(缩写为v.) 表示动作或状态。例词

sit,go,be(am,is,are)

副词英文名称The Adverb(缩写为adv.) 修饰动词、形容词或其他副词。例词not

too,here,very

介词英文单词The Preposition(缩写为prep.) 表示名词、代词等和句中其他词的

关系。例词in,on,of,to,under.

连词英文单词The Conjunction(缩写为conj.) 用来连接词与词、短语与短语或句

与句。例词and,or,but.

感叹词英文单词The Interjection(缩写为interj.) 表示说话时的喜悦、惊讶等

情感。例词oh,hello,hi,er.

数词(Numeral)

表示数目多少或顺序多少的词叫数词,数词分为基数词和序数词。

表示数目多少的数词叫基数词;表示顺序的数词叫序数词。

基数词(Cardinal Numbers)

There be结构

"There is/are+某物/某人+某地/某时"这样一种句型,大致相当于汉语

"某地/某时有某物/某人"的说法.句子的is/are和后面所跟的名词在数

介词(Prepositions)

介词一般用于名词或代词前,表示该词与句子其他成分的关系.介词后面的名词或代词称为介词宾语.介词和介词宾语一起构成介词短语.

本册课本出现的介词短语如下:

at: at home at school at six thirty

behind: behind the door/tree behind one's chair

beside: beside the door beside the house

from: from one to a hundred

in: in Row/Team/Class/Grade4

in one's school/grade/class/team/rom

in your desk/pencil-box/bedroom

in the picture in the same class in different classes

in English in the hat in the morning/afternoon

like: like this/that

near: near the window near the door

of: a picture of a classroom a map of China

the name of her cat the wall of their classroon

on: on the desk/chair on the floor on the wall on the bike

on the duty

to:(a quarter)to ten (go)to school/bed/work

under: under the desk/table under the tree/window under one's chair/bed

一.表示时间

at: 表示某一时间点如:at noon

on: 表示特定的日子如:on Christmas

in: 表示一段不具体的时间如:in the morning,in the Second world war

如表示在某一特定的早上、下午则用on 如:on a cold morning, on a hot afternoon, on Sunday morning

during: 表示期间内的某个时期如: during the night, during the Second World War

for: 其后接表示一段时间长度的词如:for three days

through: 表示在整个期间没有间歇例:It snowed through the night.

till/until: 表示动作持续的终点例:I studied hard till twelve o'clock last night.

by: 表示动作完成期限例:I'll be back by five o'clock.

since: 表示某动作的起始点例:I have studied English since 1990.

二,表示地点:

at: 表示较小的地点如:arrived at the school gate

in: 表示较大的地点如:arrived in Shanghai

for: 表示目的地例:I'll leave for Shanghai.

above: 表示上面,上方,其反意词是below

over: 表示垂直上方,其反意词是under 例:The dog jumped over the table.

through: 表示穿过如:through the forest

across: 表示平原上的跨越例:I want to walk across the road.

形容词和副词的比较级和最高级

大多数形容词和副词有三个等级:

1)原级,即原形。

2)比较级,表示“较……”或“更……一些”的意思。

3)最高级,表示“最……”的意思。

1.形容词和副词比较级和最高级的构成

一,规则变化

单音节词和少数双音节词

一般在词尾加-er或-est cold colder coldest/strong stronger strongest/fast faster fastest/slow slow slowest

以字母e结尾的形容词,加-r或-st nice nicer nicest/large larger largest

重读闭音节词只有一个辅音字母时,应先双写辅音字母,再加-er或-est big bigger biggest/thin thinner thinnest/hot hotter hottest

以“辅音字母+y”结尾的双音节词,先改“y”为“i”,再加-er或-est easy esaier easiest/happy happier happiest/early earlier earliest

少数以-er,-ow结尾的双音节词clever(聪明的)未尾加-er,-est clever cleverer cleverest/narrow narrower narrowest

多音节词和部分双音节词

在词前加more或most delicious more delicious most

delicious/interesting more interesting most interesting

二,不规则变化

good/well - better - best bad/badly –worse- worst

much/many –more- most little –less- least

far- farther/further-farthest/furthest

三.用法

比较级:表示两者(人或事物)的比较

最高级:表示三者或三者以上(人或事物)的比较,其中有一个在某一方面超过其他几个时,用最高级。最高级的前面一般要加定冠词the。后面可带of(in)短语来说明比较的范围。

注:在形容词和副词的比较级前,有时可以用much,a little等来修饰,

冠词(Articles)

冠词是一种虚词,让在名词的前面,帮助说明名词的含义,

冠词分不定冠词(The Indefinite Article)

和定冠词(The Define Article)两种,a(an)是不定冠词。

a用在辅音之前,如:a road

a boy;an用在元音之前,如:an hour ;an old man等;the是定冠词。一.不定冠词的用法

用于可数名词的单数形式前,指人或事物的某一种类Susan is a scientist. 指某人或某事,但不具体说明何人或何物A boy is looking for you。

表示“一”这个数量,但数的概念没有one强烈We are going to have an English lesson tomorrow

用于某些固定的词组中。

a few ,a little ,a lot of ,a moment ago

二.定冠词的用法。

特指某些人或某些事物Show me the photo of the boy/The book on the desk is mine。

指双方都知道的人或事物。Where are the new books,Jim?They are on the small table。

指上文提过的人或事物。Ji Mei lives on a farm。/The farm is not big。用在世界上独一无二的事物前The sun is bigger than the moon。

用在序数词和形容词最高级前The first month of the year is January。Walk along this road,and take the fourth turning on the left。

用在由普通名词构成的专有名词前the Great Wallthe/ the Women's Hospital

用在一些习惯用语中。in the morning(afternoon,evening),on the left(right),at the back(front)of,the day befoer yesterday,all the same

三.不用冠词的情况

在专有名词和不可数名词前,China,Grade Two,Bill Smilk,milk

名词前已有作定语用的this,that,my,your,some,any等代词

复数名词表示一类人或事物时,

在星期,月份,季节,节日前,It is Sunday(Monday,Tuesday)today、It is cold in winter。

在称呼语或表示头衔的名词前。Mr Mott is going on a trip。

在三餐饭和球类运动的名词前。He went to shool before breakfast this morning。

Can you play basketball?

动词(Verbs)

一.动词的种类(Kinds of Verbs)

行为动词Action Verbs:含有实在的意义,表示动作或状态,在句中能独立作谓语。She has some bananas They often come back early。

连系动词Link Verbs:本身有一定的词义,但不能独立作谓语,必须与表语一起构成谓语。His father is a teacher Twins usually look the same。助动词Auxiliary Verbs 本身没有词义,不能独立作谓语,只能和主要动词一起构成

谓语动词,表示否定,疑问,时态或其他语法形式。He doesn't speak Englist。

Do you have a brother?

情态动词Modal Verbs

本身有一定的意义,但不能独立作谓语,只能和主要动词一起构成谓语动词,表示说话

人的语气和情态,情态动词没有人称和数的变化。She can speak a little English May I speak to Ann,plea

时态

一.一般过去时表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态,常和过去的时间状语连用,

如:yesterday,last night,in 1990,two days ago等,也表示过去经常或反复发生的

动作,常和often,always等表示频度的时间状语连用。

二.一般将来时表示将来某个时间要发生的动作或存在的状态,也表示将来将来经常

或反复发生的动作,常与表示将来的时间状语连用.

如:tomorrow,next,week,next

year等,一般将来时的构成一般将来时由"助动词"will+动词原形"构成.在口语中,will在名词或代词后常简缩为'll,will not常简缩为won't.在疑问句中,主语为第一人称

(I和well)时,常用助动词shall.

第一人称肯定式I/We will go.否定式I/will not go.疑问式Shall/we go ? 第二人称肯定式You not go.否定式You will not go.疑问句Will you go? 第三人称肯定式He/She/It/They will go.否定式He/She/It/They will not go.

疑问式Will he/she/it/they go?

注:(1)在书面语中,主语式第一人称(I和we)时,常用助动词shall+动词原形.例如:

I shall write you a letter next month. We shall be very please to see you.

(2)在表示"带意愿色彩的将来"时,常用will.例如:I will tell you all about it.

(3)在问对方是否愿意,或表示客气的邀请或命令时,常用will.例如:Will you go to the zoo with me? Will you please open the window?

(4)在表示建议或者征求对方意见时,可用shall.例如:Shall we go at the ten? Shall we get some food?

2)用"be going to+动词原形"表示将要发生的的事或打算,计划,决定要作的事情.

例如:What are you going to next Sunday?下星期你打算干什么?

句子的成分(Members of the sentence)

组成句子的各个部分叫做句子的成分,即:主语.谓语.表语.宾语.宾语补足语.定语和状语.主语和谓语是句子的主体部分.表语、宾语、宾语补足语都是谓语里的组成部分

主语(The Subject) 表示句子所说的是什么人或什么事物,一般由名词代词或相当于名词的短语等充当.例句:Lucy is an American girl.We study in No.1 Middle School.

谓语(The Predicate)说明主语"做什么","是什么"或者是怎么样.谓语(谓语部分里主要是词)用动词.谓语和主语在人称和数两方面必须一致.例如:We love China. Mike hope to be a doctor.His parents are farmers.She is singing.

表语(The Predicative) 说明主语是什么或者怎么样,由名词、形容词或相当于名词或形容词的词或短语等充当,和连系动词一起构成谓语。例句:Her aunt is a driver.

宾语(The Object)表示动作或行为的对象,由名词,代词或相当于名词的词,短

语等充当,和及物动词一起说明主语做什么.例句:He often helps me. We study English at school. Did you see him yesterday?

定语(The Attribute)用来休息名词或代词.做定语的除形容词外,还有代词,数词,名词,介词短语或相当于形容词的词或短语等.例句:The black bike is mine. We have four lessons in the morning.What's your

name.please?

状语(The Adverbial)用来修饰动词,形容词或副词.一般表示行为发生的时间,地点目的,方式,程度等意义,通常由副词,介词短语或相当于副词的词或短语等来表示例句:People are all working hard.It is very nice. We had a meeting this afternoon.

句子的种类(Kings of Sentence)

疑问句( Question)

选择疑问句(The Alternative Question)

提出两种或两种以上的情况,要求对方选择一种,这种疑问句叫选择疑问句.它的机构,是一般疑问句加or加一般疑问句,但常把后一部分里面和前一部分相同的成分省略.说是or前面部分用声调,后面用降调.如:Is her brother a adoctor or a teacher? Would you like tea or coffee?Shall we go to the cinema on Saturday or on sunday?

反意疑问句(The Tag Question)

反意疑问句表示提问者有一定的主见,但没有把握,希望对方来证实.

反意疑问句由两部分组成,前一部分是对事物的陈述,后一部分是简单的提问.如果前一部分,用肯定的形式,后一部分一般用否定的形式;前一部分用否定的形式,后一部分久用肯定的形式。两部分的人称和时态要一致.反意疑问句陈述的部分用降调.后办部分可升可降.提问者对陈述部分把握较大时,后半部分用

降调;把握不大时,用降调.The weather here is very cold,isn't it?

You're from Australia,aren't you? Yes,I am .

对反意疑问句的回答,不管问题的提法如何,若事实是肯定的,就要用Yes,事实是否定的,就要用no.这和汉语不一样,应该注意.如:

He isn't going to the meeting,is he?它不去参加会是吗?Yes,he is.不,他要去的.No ,he isn't.对他不起.

感叹句(The Exclamatory Sentence)

感叹句多用how和what引起.how 和what与所修饰的词放在句首,其他部分用陈诉语气.在口语,中谓语常省略

(1)how作状语,修饰形容词,副词和动词.如:

How cold it is today! How delicious they are! How beautiful the flowers are! How I miss you!

(2)what作定语,修饰名词(名词前可由其他定语),单数可数名词前要加不定冠词a(an).如:What a good idear! What a beautiful day! What a happy woman!

感叹句用来表示强烈的感情.句末要用感叹号!,读时要用降调.在口语中常用省略句.后面的主语和谓语往往省略,由时候只用一个词或者是词组.如:How cold! Wonderf

现在完成时的用法

表示过去发生或已经完成的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果。

Have you had your lunch yet?Yes,I have。I've just had it。

I have already posted the photos。

表示过去已经开始,持续到现在的动作或状态,可以和表示从过去某一时刻延续到现在的一段,时间的状语连用。表示持续动作或状态的动词多是延续性动词。

I haven't seen her these days. I've known LiLei for three years. 现在完成时可以和already,never,just,before,yet 等状语连用。Have you ever eaten fish and chips? I've never been to that farm before.

have(has)been和have(has)gone的区别:

have(has) been 表示“曾经到过某地”,have(has)gone 表示“已经去过某地了”Where has he been? 他刚才跑到哪去了?Where has he gone?他到哪去了?She has been to Shanghai。她到过上海。She has gone to Shanghai。她到上海去了。

注:非延续性动词在否定结构中可用现在完成时,如:

I haven't bought anything for two months。

现在完成时和一般过去时的区别

现在完成时表示过去发生的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果,强调的是现在的情况,所以它不能和表示,过去的时间状语连用。如:yesterday,last night,three weeks ago,in 1990等,而一般过去时只表示过去

动作或状态,和现在不发生关系,它可以和表示过去的时间状语连用。如:

I have seen the film。我看过这部电影I saw the film last week。我上星期看了这个电影。He has lived here since 1992。1992年以来他一直住在这里He lived here in 1992。1992年他住在这里。

过去将来时(The Futere-in-the-Past Tense)

(1)过去将来时由“助动词would+动词圆形”构成。would常缩略为‘d。

(2)过去将来时的用法过去将来时表示过去的某一时间看来将要发生的动作或存在的状态。过去将来时常用在宾语从句中。如:I didn't know if she would come。Wang Lei said that she would visit her uncle next Saturday。

过去将来时也可以用“was(were) going to +动词原形”来表示。如:I didn't know if she was going to come。

过去完成时(The Past Perfect Tense)

(1).过去完成时的构成过去完成时由“助动词had(用于各种人称和数)+过去

分词”构成

(2).过去完成时的用法过去完成时表示在过去某一时间或动作之前已经发生

或完成了的动作,它表示动作发生的时间是“过去的过去”

表示过去某一时间可用by,before等构成的短语,也可用when,before

等引导的从句或者通过上下文表示。

例句By the end of the match ,they had scored two goals and we had scored four. We had reached the station before ten

o'clock. We did as he had told us. He said he had never seen such an exciting match before .

动词不定式(The Ivnfinitive)

(1)动词不定式的基本形式是“to+动词原形”,有时可以不带to,动词不定式(或不定式短语)没有人称和数的变化。在句子中不能作谓语。动词不定式仍保持动词的特点。即可以有自己的宾语和状语。动词不定式同它的宾语或状语

构成不定式短语。如:to read the newspaper,to speak at the meeting 等

(2)动词不定式具有名词,形容词和副词的特征,因此在句中可以作主语,表语,宾语,宾语补足语、定语,状语

作宾语She wanted to borrow my CD player. They began to read and write。

作状语She went to see her grandma last Sunday。He came to give us a talk yesterday。

作宾语补足语Lucy asked him to turn down the radio。She asked me to speak louder。She found him to be a very good pupil。

作定语Have you got anything to say?I had something to eat this morning。

作主语To learn a foreign language is not easy。To play in the street is danerous.

(3)动词不定式的否定形式由“not+动词不定式”构成。如:Tell him not to be late。The policeman told the boys not to play in the street。

(4)动词不定式和疑问句连用动词不定式亏和疑问句what,which,how,where,when等连用,构成不定式短语。

如:The question is when to start。I don't know where to go。Nobody told us what to do。

(5)不带to的情况

有一些动词后用作宾语补足语的不定式通常不带to,这种动词有两类;一类是感觉动词,如see, hear,watch,feel,notice等,如:

I saw him come。我看见他来了。I heard him sing。我听见他唱歌了。另一类是某些使役动词,如make,let,have等,如:Let him go。让他走吧They made the children work 12 hours a day。他们强迫孩子们一天干12小时。

动词help后的不定式可带to,也可不带to。

被动语态。(The Passive Voice)

(1)主动语态和被动语态

英语动词有两种语态,即主动语态(The Active Voice)和被动语态(The Passive Voice)

Many people speak English.(主动语态)

English is spoken by many people。(被动语态)

(2)被动语态的构成

被动语态由“助动词be+及物动词的过去分词”构成。助动词be有人称,数和时态的变化,其变化

规则与be作为连系动词时完全一样。现以动词ask为例子,将一般现在时和一般过去时被动语态的

肯定式,否定式及疑问式列表如下:

一般现在时

肯定式

I am asked…… You are asked…… He/She is asked……

We are asked…… You are asked…… They are asked……

否定式

I am not asked…… You are not asked…… He/She is not asked……

We are not asked…… You are not asked…… They are not asked……

疑问式

Am I asked……?Are you asked……?Is he/She asked……?

Are we asked……?Are you asked……?Are they asked……?

一般过去时

肯定式

I was asked…… You were asked…… He/She was asked……

We were asked…… You were asked…… They were asked……

否定式

I was not asked…… You were not asked…… He/She was not asked……

We were not asked…… You were not asked…… They were not asked……

疑问式

was I asked……?were you asked……?was he/She asked……?were we asked……?were you asked……?were they asked……?

(3)含有情态动词的被动语态

含有情态动词的被动语态由“情态动词+be+及物动词的过去分词”构成。如:This bicycle can be mended in two hour。

This trees may be planted in spring。。

(4)被动语态的用法

当我们不知道谁是动作的执行者,或者没有必要指出谁是动作的执行者时,或者只需强调动作的

承受者时,需要被动语态。如:

This jacket is made of cotton。

English is spoken in Canada。

宾语从句(The Object Clause)

宾语从句在复合句中作主语的宾语,宾语从句通常作主语的宾语,宾语从句通常由下面一些词引导

1.由that引导(that在口语或非正式文体中常省略),如:

He said that he would like to see the headmaster.

She said that she would leave a message on his desk

2.由连接代词或连接副词引导,如:

Do you know what he has said ?

I don't remember when we arrived ?

3.由连词whether或if引导( 口语中常用if)

Lily wanted to knew if/wheher her grandma liked the handbag。She asked me if she could borrow there books。

定语从句(The Attributive Clause)

在复合句中,修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句,如:

(1)The man who lives next to us is a policeman

(2)You must do everything that I do .

上面两句中的man和everything 是定语从句所修饰的词,叫先行词,定语从句放在先行词的后面。引导定语从句的词有关系代词what,which,who,(宾格whom,所有格whose)和关系副词where,when,关系代词或关系副词放在先行词和定语从句之间,起联系作用,同时又作定语从句的一个成分。由关系代词引导的定语从句that在从句中作主语或宾语

指物

A plane is a machine that can fly。(作主语)

The noodles that I cooked were delicious。(作宾语)

指人

Who is the man that is reading the book over there?(作主语)

The girl that we saw yesterday was Jim's sister。(作宾语)

which在从句中作主语和宾语。

指物

The silk which is produced in Hangzhou sells well。(作主语)

The song which the Beatles sang were very popular。(作宾语) who,whom在从句中分别作主语和宾语

指人

The foreigner who visit our class yesterday is form Canada。(作主语)

The boy who broke the window is called Roy。(作主语)

The person to whom you just talked is Mr Li。(作宾语)

Mrs Evans is the person to whom you should write。(作宾语)

状语从句(Adverbial clause)

在复合句中,修饰主句的动词,形容词或副词等的从句叫做状语从句,状语从句根据它表达的意思可分为‘时间,原因,条件,比较,目的,结果和让步等类。’时间

由as,after,as soon as,before,since,until,when,whenever,while等连词引导。

As he explored the sea,he took a lot of picture.

Don't come in until you are called.

Whenever we're in truble,he'll help us

原因

由as,because,since,等连词引导

I didn't go surfing,because it was too cold.

条件

由if,unless等连词引导

If you travel in India,you can use English everywhere.

I won't pass the exam unless I work hard.

比较

由as(so)……as,than等引导

Canoeing is not as(so) interesting as sailing (is).

结果

由so……that,等引导

He was so weak that he couldn't walk on.

目的

由so ,so that等引导

We'll sit near the front so we can hear the speaker better.

He sat in the dark so that he couldn't be seen.

让步

由although,even though等引导

Although the traffic was heavy ,we got to the railway station on time.

Even though he is eighty,he looks strong and healthy.

词汇章节

look at 看2. look like 看起来象3. look the same 看起来一样4. have a look 看一看5. the same as 与。。。。一样6. at the same time 同时7. all the same 仍然8. come out of 从。。。。。中出来9. come on 快点,赶快10. come out 出来11. would like to 想要做。。。。12.

中学初中英语语法——英语重点词汇区别

on earth 与on the earth 的区别 on earth有三层含义和用法: 1.作“到底”或“究竟”解,置于what,when等疑问词之后,以加强问句的语气。例如: ①What on earth is it?这到底是什么东西? ②Why on earth did you tell a lie?你究竟为什么要说谎? 2.作“当今”或“世界上”解,用于最高级之后,以加强语气。例如: He said,“I'm the happiest man on earth.”他说:“我是世界上最幸福的人。” 3.用于否定词之后,作“一点儿也不”解,以加强否定的语气。例如: It's no use on earth.这一点儿也没有用。 He said,“Nothing on earth can change my mind.”他说:“无论什么也不能改变我的主意。” on the earth作“在地球上”解。例如: We live on the earth.我们生活在地球上。 aim to 与aim at 的区别 就“aim”这个词本身来讲,有两种词性,一种是动词“瞄准,对准,打算”等之意,另一种是名词“瞄准,目标,目的,意图”等之意。就短语来说, “aim to”是动词短语,“立志要做某事,打算做某事”等之意,后接动词原形, 而“aim at”也是一个动词短语,“瞄准,以……为目标,针对,追求”等意,其后主要接名词、代词、动名词。例如: Tom\'s son aims to be a famous writer. 汤姆的儿子立志要成为一名著名的作家。 He is aiming at the target carefully. 他正认真地瞄准目标。 dress, wear, put on, have on的区别 区别如下: 1. 从所接宾语来看:dress 要接“人”作宾语(不接“衣”作宾语),而其余的则要接“衣”作宾语(而不接“人”作宾语)。

初中英语语法大全

初中英语语法大全 名词 一名词的定义:表示人、事物或抽象概念的名称的词。 二名词的分类: 名词可以分为专有名词(Proper Nouns)和普通名词 (Common Nouns),专有名词是某个(些)人,地方,机构等专有的名称,如Beijing,China等。普通名词是一类人或东西或是一个抽象概念的名词,如:book,sadness等。普通名词又可分为下面四类: 1)个体名词(Individual Nouns):表示某类人或东西中的个体,如:gun。 2)集体名词(Collective Nouns):表示若干个个体组成的集合体,如:family。 3)物质名词(Material Nouns):表示无法分为个体的实物,如:air。 4)抽象名词(Abstract Nouns):表示动作、状态、品质、感情等抽象概念,如:work。 注意 专有名词一般第一个字母要大写。专有名词前一般不加冠词。 名词的种类 注意 物质名词与抽象名词一般无法用数目来计算,称为不可数名词。不可数名词前不能加冠词a或an来表示量。 (三)名词的数 1.可数名词有单数和复数两种形式: 1.单数 英语中,如果我们要表示一本书、一只鸟、一棵树等概念时,要用名词的单数

形式,表示名词的单数,要在名词前加冠词a或an。 This is a desk . 这是一张书桌。 There is an orange on the table . 桌上有一个橘子。 an orange 一个橘子 an new orange (×)→ a new orange (○) 一个新橘子 a desk a old desk (×)→ an old desk (○) 一张旧课桌 关键字:初中英语语法大全初中英语语法总结初中英语语法辅导英语语法大全名词复数名词所有格复数冠词抽象名词 a和an的使用区别 a加在以辅音开头的名词前,如a book,a pen。 an加在以元音开头的名词前,如an egg,an apple。 注意 有时a,an后面紧接的不是单数名词,而是a (an) +形容词+单数名词的形式。 这时判断用a还是an来表示“一个”的概念时,要看形容词开头字母的发音,而不是看名词。 2.复数

完整版初中英语语法大全知识点总结

英语语法大全 初中英语语法 学习提纲 一、词类、句子成分和构词法: 1、词类:英语词类分十种: 名词、形容词、代词、数词、冠词、动词、副词、介词、连词、感叹词。 1、名词(n.):表示人、事物、地点或抽象概念的名称。如:boy, morning, bag, ball, class, orange. :who, she, you, it . 主要用来代替名词。如): 2、代词(pron.3、形容词(adj..):表示人或事物的性质或特征。如:good, right, white, orange . 4、数词(num.):表示数目或事物的顺序。如:one, two, three, first, second, third, fourth. 5、动词(v.):表示动作或状态。如:am, is,are,have,see . 6、副词(adv.):修饰动词、形容词或其他副词,说明时间、地点、程度等。如:now, very, here, often, quietly, slowly. 7、冠词(art..):用在名词前,帮助说明名词。如:a, an, the. 8、介词(prep.):表示它后面的名词或代词与其他句子成分的关系。如in, on, from, above, behind. 9、连词(conj.):用来连接词、短语或句子。如and, but, before . 10、感叹词(interj..)表示喜、怒、哀、乐等感情。如:oh, well, hi, hello. 2、句子成分:英语句子成分分为七种:主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语、表语、宾语补足语。 1、主语是句子所要说的人或事物,回答是“谁”或者“什么”。通常用名词或代词担任。如:I'm Miss Green.(我是格林小姐) 2、谓语动词说明主语的动作或状态,回答“做(什么)”。主要由动词担任。如:Jack cleans the room every day. (杰克每天打扫房间) 3、表语在系动词之后,说明主语的身份或特征,回答是“什么”或者“怎么样”。通常由名词、 代词或形容词担任。如:My name is Ping ping .(我的名字叫萍萍) 4、宾语表示及物动词的对象或结果,回答做的是“什么”。通常由名词或代词担任。如:He can spell the word.(他能拼这个词) 有些及物动词带有两个宾语,一个指物,一个指人。指物的叫直接宾语,指人的叫间接宾语。间接 宾语一般放在直接宾语的前面。如:He wrote me a letter . (他给我写了 一封信) 有时可把介词to或for加在间接宾语前构成短语,放在直接宾语后面,来强调间接宾语。如:He wrote a letter to me . (他给我写了一封信)

强力推荐 新课标人教版初中英语语法大全(1)

1 (see 、hear 、notice 、find 、feel 、listen to 、 look at (感官动词)+do eg:I like watching monkeys jump 2 (比较级 and 比较级)表示越来越怎么样 3 a piece of cake =easy 小菜一碟(容易) 4 agree with sb 赞成某人 5 all kinds of 各种各样 a kind of 一样 6 all over the world = the whole world 整个世界 7 along with同……一道,伴随…… eg : I will go along with you我将和你一起去 the students planted trees along with their teachers 学生同老师们一起种树 8 As soon as 一怎么样就怎么样 9 as you can see 你是知道的 10 ask for ……求助向…要…(直接接想要的东西) eg : ask you for my book 11 ask sb for sth 向某人什么 12 ask sb to do sth 询问某人某事 ask sb not to do 叫某人不要做某事 13 at the age of 在……岁时 eg:I am sixteen I am at the age of sixteen 14 at the beginning of …………的起初;……的开始 15 at the end of +地点/+时间最后;尽头;末尾 eg : At the end of the day 16 at this time of year 在每年的这个时候 17 be /feel confident of sth /that clause +从句感觉/对什么有信心,自信 eg : I am / feel confident of my spoken English I feel that I can pass the test 18 be + doing 表:1 现在进行时 2 将来时 19 be able to (+ v 原) = can (+ v 原)能够…… eg : She is able to sing She can sing 20 be able to do sth 能够干什么 eg :she is able to sing 21 be afraid to do (of sth 恐惧,害怕…… eg : I'm afraed to go out at night I'm afraid of dog 22 be allowed to do 被允许做什么 eg: I'm allowed to watch TV 我被允许看电视 I should be allowed to watch TV 我应该被允许看电视 23 be angry with sb 生某人的气 eg : Don't be angry with me 24 be angry with(at) sb for doing sth 为什么而生某人的气 25 be as…原级…as 和什么一样 eg : She is as tall as me 她和我一样高

初中英语语法总结(完整)

英语时态讲解 【注】构成时态的助动词be (is, am, are), have (has), shall, will 等需根据主语的变化来选择。时态是英语中一个重要的语法范畴,它表示不同时间发生的动作或存在的状态以及动作发生或存在的方式。动作发生的时间可分为现在、过去、将来和过去将来四种形式,动作发生的方式可分为一般、完成、进行和完成进行四种形式。将时间形式和动作方式结合起来,就构成了以下 英语的时态是靠动词的变化和时间状语来表达的。英语中的时态共有十六种,但是常考的或较常用的只有9种。要掌握英语的时态和语态,必须掌握好英语中的助动词(do, be, have)和时间状语这两个核心问题。 1、一般现在时 主要用来表示人、事物的现在状况和特点;表示经常或习惯性的动作,句子中常有often, always, from time to time 等时间状语;表示客观规律和永恒真理等。 H e usually goes to work at 7 o’clock every morning. 他每天7点上班。 2、现在进行时 表说话时或目前一段时间内正在进行的活动:或表感情色彩,加强语气。与频率副词,如always,constantly,continually,again等连用表示说话人的某种感情色彩(赞叹、厌烦、埋怨等)。 We are having English class.

我们正在上英语课。 3、现在完成时 表示动作发生在过去,完成在过去,但强调与现在情况仍有联系,其结果或影响仍存在。 They have lived in Beijing for five years. 他们在北京已经住了5年了。 4.一般过去时 表在过去某个特定时间发生且完成的动作,或过去习惯性动作,不强调对现在的影响,只说明过去。常跟明确的过去时间连用,如:yesterday; last week; in 1945, at that time; once; during the war; before; a few days ago; He used to smoke a lot. 他过去抽烟比较厉害。 5. 过去进行时 表示过去某个时间点或某段时间内正在发生的动作。 Beijing was hosting the 29th Olympic Games in August 2008. 在2008年8月,北京正在举行29届奥运会。 6. 过去完成时 表示过去某个时间之前已经完成的动作,即过去完成时的动作发生在“过去的过去”,句中有明显的参照动作或时间状语,这种时态从来不孤立使用( before, after, by, up till ) They finished earlier than we had expected. 他们提前完成了(工作)。 7. 一般将来时 表在将来某个时间会发生的动作或情况。常和tomorrow, next year, in 2008等表示将来的时间状语连用。 I am leaving for Beijing tomorrow. 我明天就要离开北京。 8、将来进行时 表将来某个时间正在发生的动作,或按计划一定会发生的事情。 I’ll be doing my homework this time tomorrow. 明天这会我正在写作业。 9、将来完成时 表在将来某时刻之前业已完成的事情,时间状语非常明显。常用的时间状语一般用by+将来的时间。如:by the end of this year, by 8 o’clock this evening, by March next year以及由by the time…, before或when等引导的副词从句。 By the end of next month, he will have traveled 1000 miles on foot. 到下个月底,他步行将达到1000英里。 英语共有十六个时态、四个体。(注:四个体为——一般、进行、完成、完成进行。) 英语中的四个体相当于法语、西班牙语以及所有印欧语系罗曼语族中的式,如:直陈式,命令式等。

(专题精选)初中英语语法知识—形容词的分类汇编及解析

一、选择题 1.一I eat _______ vegetables and ________ meat than I did last year. 一That’s why you’re getting fatter. A.fewer…more B.more…less C.less…more D.many… much 2.The population of China is ___________ than that of Russia. And this makes the traffic in China ___________. A.much larger, more crowded B.much more, more crowdedly C.much larger, more crowdedly D.much more, more crowded 3.I looked at a few printers, and among them the one from China was ________ to use. A.easy B.easier C.easiest D.the easiest 4.It is_____to point at others with chopsticks during a meal in China. Yes.People will feel uncomfortable if you do so. A.traditional B.impolite C.common D.ancient 5.—Judy, what do you think of your junior high school life? —I think it is one of ______ periods in my life. A.wonderful B.the most wonderful C.more wonderful 6.A walk every day is enough to keep you healthy and in good shape. A.30-minute B.30-minutes C.30 minute's D.30-minutes' 7.With the development of modern science, it’s ________for us to g et information from all over the world. A.slower B.easier C.harder D.busier 8.The result is ________ worse than we thought! A.more B.even C.great D.much more 9.— What do you think of it? — Oh, I think it's that I have ever seen. A.one of most interesting movie B.one of the most interesting movie C.one of the most interesting movies D.one of most interesting movies 10.—To keep the kids , parents should put away the things like knives in the house. —I can’t agree more. A.tidy B.warm C.safe D.tall 11.The number of the students in our class is _______than _______in yours. A.bigger, that B.more, those C.smaller, the ones D.larger, it 12.You are doing great! I’ve never had ___________ answer before. A.better B.best C.a better D.the best 13.He was advised to eat fewer hamburgers and drink cola to keep fit. A.much B.more C.fewer D.less

初中英语语法知识点总结

英语语法大全 初中英语语法学习提纲 一、词类、句子成分和构词法: 1、词类:英语词类分十种: 名词、形容词、代词、数词、冠词、动词、副词、介词、连词、感叹词。 1、名词(n.):表示人、事物、地点或抽象概念的名称。如:boy, morning, bag, ball, class, orange. 2、代词(pron.):主要用来代替名词。如:who, she, you, it . 3、形容词(adj..):表示人或事物的性质或特征。如:good, right, white, orange . 4、数词(num.):表示数目或事物的顺序。如:one, two, three, first, second, third, fourth. 5、动词(v.):表示动作或状态。如:am, is,are,have,see . 6、副词(adv.):修饰动词、形容词或其他副词,说明时间、地点、程度等如:now, very, here, often, quietly, slowly. 7、冠词(art..):用在名词前,帮助说明名词。如:a, an, the. 8、介词(prep.):表示它后面的名词或代词与其他句子成分的关系。如in, on, from, above, behind. 9、连词(conj.):用来连接词、短语或句子。如and, but, before .

10、感叹词(interj..)表示喜、怒、哀、乐等感情。如:oh, well, hi, hello. 2、句子成分:英语句子成分分为七种:主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语、表语、宾语补足语。 1、主语是句子所要说的人或事物,回答是“谁”或者“什么”。通常用名词或代词担任。如:I’m Miss Green.(我是格林小姐) 2、谓语动词说明主语的动作或状态,回答“做(什么)”。主要由动词担任。如:Jack cleans the room every day. (杰克每天打扫房间) 3、表语在系动词之后,说明主语的身份或特征,回答是“什么”或者“怎么样”。通常由名词、代词或形容词担任。如:My name is Ping ping .(我的名字叫萍萍) 4、宾语表示及物动词的对象或结果,回答做的是“什么”。通常由名词或代词担任。 如:He can spell the word.(他能拼这个词) 有些及物动词带有两个宾语,一个指物,一个指人。指物的叫直接宾语,指人的叫间接宾语。间接宾语一般放在直接宾语的前面。如:He wrote me a letter . (他给我写了一封信) 有时可把介词to或for加在间接宾语前构成短语,放在直接宾语后面,来强调间接宾语。如:He wrote a letter to me . (他给我写了一封信) 5、定语修饰名词或代词,通常由形容词、代词、数词等担任。如: Shanghai is a big city .(上海是个大城市)

初中英语语法知识—形容词的全集汇编及解析

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1、一般现在时主要用来表示人、事物的现在状况和特点;表示经常或习惯性的动作,句子中常有often, always, from time to time 等时间状语;表示客观规律和永恒真理等。H e usually goes to work at7 o’clock every morning、他每天7点上班。 2、现在进行时表说话时或目前一段时间内正在进行的活动:或表感情色彩,加强语气。与频率副词,如always,constantly,continually,again等连用表示说话人的某种感情色彩(赞叹、厌烦、埋怨等)。W e are having English class、我们正在上英语课。 3、现在完成时表示动作发生在过去,完成在过去,但强调与现在情况仍有联系,其结果或影响仍存在。T hey have lived in Beijing for five years、他们在北京已经住了5年了。 4、一般过去时表在过去某个特定时间发生且完成的动作,或过去习惯性动作,不强调对现在的影响,只说明过去。常跟明确的过去时间连用,如:yesterday; last week; in1945, at that time; once; during the war; before; a few days ago; He used to smoke a lot、他过去抽烟比较厉害。 5、过去进行时表示过去某个时间点或某段时间内正在发生的动作。B eijing was hosting the29th Olympic Games in August全文结束》》、在xx年8月,北京正在举行29届奥运会。

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3、物主代词 单 数 复 数 第一人称 第二人称 第三人称 第一人称 第二人称 第三人称 形容词性 物主代词 my your his her its our your their 名词性 物主代词 mine yours his hers its ours yours theirs 中 文 我的 你的 他的 她的 它的 我们的 你们的 他(她、它)们的 记忆口诀:一个变(my 变成mine ),两个不变(his,its ),其它的都加“ s ” 。 人称代词和Be 动词在一般现在时的用法 主语 be 主语 be I am we are you are you are he is they are she is it is Be 动词在一般现在时中,单数is, 复数are 物主代词 I my we our you your you your he his they their she her it its I my mine we our ours 单复数 人 称 类 别

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