Cultural Differences in Interpreting and Coping Tactics 口译中的文化差异及应对策略

口译中的文化差异及应对策略

摘要：在跨文化商务交际中，东西方民族常常会因为文化积淀、认知方式以及思维方式的不同而遭遇文化冲突。口译人员应自觉培养自身的跨文化意识，减少乃至消除商务谈判中的语用失误，促使跨文化交际的成功。

关键词：口译跨文化差异跨文化意识

Cultural Differences in Interpreting and Coping Tactics

Abstract: In cross-cultural business communication , east and west will often because national culture , cognitive styles and different ways of thinking and incurring the cultural conflict . Interpreter should be careful to develop their cross-cultural awareness , reduce or eliminate business negotiation of the pragmatic failures , make the success of cross-cultural communication .

Key words: Interpretation Cross-cultural differences Cross-cultural awareness

when it comes to interpreters , we can not help thinking it an honored occupation , also , feeling that it is much far away from us . However , today we are learning the interpretation curriculum , which thanks to the good consequence of the transformation of the english lesson . I have not ever thought of that I could speak and listen english freely and fluently one day , but the interpretation curriculum may make it possible . Through the curriculum , I have learned how to make efficiency notes , which is much more different from and difficult than others, that's why we must form the style of notes charactered by ourselves . Being cool just as interpreter is not as easy as it looks like . Interpretation is a language communication behavior , which transforms one language to another , and a basic mode of communication that human beings of different culture and different ethnic are relying on . The job of interpretation is challenging , compared to

written translation , the most outstanding characteristic of interpretation is what you must say after a very short time . Interpreters have no time to think about it repeated deliberately or look up dictionary or reference book while interpreting . Sometimes interpreters may forecast to connected content according to the site condition ,but they ,in most of the time , cannot know the details ,especially in business negotiations . That demands interpreters not only know the language and the knowledge of business and industry , but also need to have a good command of the two kinds of culture and know about what are the differences between cultures on expression . For the time being , cross-cultural communication has become much more common in the globalization . Only knowing more cultural discrepancy , different habits , distinct way of thinking and different concept of diversity nationals , can they improve themselves of business interpretation step by step .

The most difficulty the interpreter may encounter is the culture differences . We take it for granted that we are right if we do just as traditional of our country . For example , we eat with chopsticks while western foreign with spoon . That's the little difference but to the key point . We are familiar with Chinese and english interpretation ,because of the two languages belonging to oriental and westerner culture , the huge difference is apparent . Here , what I want to talk about is cross-cultural conflict caused by the diverse of cultural antecedents , cognitive system and thinking mode ,which are the main content in interpretation .

Since Chinese has a long history ,accumulating plenty of old words , including idioms , proverbs , mottoes , slangs , saying , two-part allegorical sayings and so forth ,which contain abundant cultural connotation with thick national colors . For instance ,during a business activity , the Chinese side said ,'建立一条龙服务中心，为外国投资者提供审批业务', and the interpreter interpreted ,'set up the one-dragon service center to provide a coordinated process service for foreign investors in obtaining approval '. I don't think foreigners will understand . Moreover ,dragon represents auspicious in China while it means evil in western ,if interpreter does not know about it ,misunderstanding will occur .

It is different of people's approaches and angles to sense and know the world around . In

a national or huge social groups ,the differences usually cannot be a barrier , however , when in different national , it can be . Even confronting with the same thing , people may form different words to express and you can not figure it out if you are not one of them . As an example in business negotiation interpretation , Chinese said ,'我们不会给你们打白条子，我们会按时付款的'. If the interpreter interpreters ,'we shall not issue blank paper to you , we will pay you on time '. Meanwhile ,foreigners cannot understand it . In fact , here blank means empty , or more straightforward , similar to IOU . The interpreter might as well interpreter ,' we shall not issue IOUS to you '. Foreigners can catch your main ideas .

The last difference I will mention is the way of thinking , which summarize the objective reality and indirectly reflect using knowledge and experience as media . The way of thinking variety from one to another , determining the diversity of language expression . Therefore , we must adjust the language to others can understand and recept and it appears more fluently and natural . Or listeners may feel harder to understand . For example , there are a lot of special sentences differing from Chinese , which may cause a understanding gap . When 'it' as subject , it can represent time , place , distance , the name of lifeless words and a large passive situation ,all of these caused by national object strictly separate thinking characteristics . Many 'it' as form subject substitute for different forms of real subject and complicated , multi-level master-slave complex sentences are fear connected with the preference analysis thinking while Chinese prefer comprehensive thinking . British and American people used to talk about subjective views first and than object and last others connected , perhaps it is related to linear thinking while Chinese curve type thinking . Also , part or complete inversion can not be separated with reverse thinking .

So it demands highly for interpreters to adapt themselves for better prompted know and communicate each other . Cultivate themselves cross-cultural quality is in a desperate time and armed with cross-cultural awareness . Interpreter should use intercultural knowledge to help business activities .

Where there is a will , there is a way . Though interpretation is a tough occupation , we can do it better if we try our best . To me , I like english very much . I believe I will

continue to learn english and interpretation to enrich my life .

主要参考文献（限4篇以内）：

1.梅德明，2008，《中级口译教程》[M]。上海：上海外语教育出版社。

2.邓炎昌、刘润清，《语言与文化》[M]。北京：外国教育与研究出版社。

3.赵军峰、蒋楠，《论口译者的跨文化意识》[J]，中国科技翻译。

4.张海涛，《英汉思维差异对翻译的影响》[J]，中国翻译。

《生命列车》The Train Of Life

1.不久以前，我读了一本

书。书中把人生比作一次

旅行。

2.人生一世，就好比是一次

搭车旅行，要经历无数次

上车、下车; 时常有事故

发生; 有时是意外惊喜，

有时却是刻骨铭心的悲

伤……

3.降生人世，我们就坐上了

生命列车。我们以为我们

最先见到的那两个人

------我们的父母，会在人

生旅途中一直陪伴着我

们。

4.很遗憾，事实并非如此。

他们会在某个车站下车，

留下我们，孤独无助。他

们的爱、他们的情、他们

不可替代的陪伴，再也无

从寻找。

5.尽管如此，还会有其他人1.Not long ago, I read a book,

in which a man’s life was

compared to a journey.

2.The life of a man is just like a

hitchhiking，during which

many times we go up and

down. Now and then things

will happen accidently, some

of which are to be unexpected

excitement，while some

heart-breaking sorrows.

3.When first embraced the

world，we are already on the

train of life. We take it for

granted that the first two

persons, our parents, whom

we are encountered with, will

accompany us all the way. 4.Sadly，things do not go on as

we thought.Our parents will

get off the train at a certain

station，leaving us, bereft and

helpless.Their love and

emotion to us and their

irreplaceable company can be

found in nowhere.

5.However，there will be

somebody else who will get on

the train. Some of them will

上车。他们当中的一些人

将对我们有着特殊的意

义。

6.他们之中有我们的兄弟

姐妹, 有我们的亲朋好

友。我们还将会体验千古

不朽的爱情故事。

7.坐同一班车的人当中，有

的轻松旅行。

8.有的却带着深深的悲

哀……还有的,在列

车上四处奔忙，随时准备

帮助有需要的人……9.很多人下车后，其他旅客

对他们的回忆历久弥

新……但是，也有一些

人，当他们离开座位时，

却没有人察觉。

10.有时候，对你来说情深义

重的旅伴却坐到了另一

节车厢。你只得远离他，

继续你的旅程。

11.当然，在旅途中，你也可

以摇摇晃晃地穿过自己

的车厢，去别的车厢找

他……

12.可惜，你再也无法坐在他

身旁，因为这个位置已经

让别人给占了…...

13.没关系。旅途充满挑战、

梦想、希望、离别……

就是不能回头。因此，尽

have special meaning to us. 6.Some of them may be our

siblings , relatives and

friends, and we will also

expereince the imperishable

love.

7.Some of our travelling

companions are quite

light-hearted on the way.

8.While some may bear

immense sorrow.Still

some ,back and forth, are

ready to hold out their hands

for others who need help.

9.Some people alight off the

train, yet they are still kept in

the mind of the other

passengers for long;some, to

the opposite, leave their seats

without being noticed.

10.Sometimes, the one,who is

dear to your heart, has

huddled into another

carriage. Nothing but one you

can do is just to keep on

going, far away from him. 11.Of course, during the

journey, you may stagger to

another carriage to look for

him.

12.It’s a pity that you will never

seat yourself beside him

because the seat has been

engaged by others.

13.Never mind. The journey is

full of challenges,dreams,

hopes and departures--- but

only one thing is that you

can’t turn back. So, have a

good journey with heart and

soul.

14.Show your good-will to all the

passengers you are

量使旅途愉快吧！

14.善待旅途上遇见的所有

旅客，找出人们身上的闪

光点。

15.永远记住，在某一段旅程

中，有人会犹豫彷徨，因

为我们自己也会犹豫彷

徨。

16.我们要理解他人，因为我

们需要他人的理解。17.生命之谜就是：我们在什

么地方下车？坐在身旁

的伴侣在什么地方下

车？我们的朋友在什么

地方下车？我们无从知

晓……

18.我时常这样想：到我该下

车的时候，我会留恋吗？

我想我还是会的。和我的

朋友分离，我会痛苦。让

我的孩子孤独地前行，我

会悲伤。我执著地希望

在我们大家都要到达的

那个终点站，我们还会相

聚……

19.我的孩子们上车时没有

什么行李，如果我能在他

们的行囊中留下美好的

回忆，我会感到幸福。

20.我下车后，和我同行

的旅客都还能记得我，想

念我，我将感到快慰。

encountered with, and find

the merits of theirs.

15.Remeber that someone may

oscillate just as we do in the

journey.

16.We should understand others

just as we need others’

understanding.

17.The enigma of life is：Where

shall we get off the train of

life?And how about the

companions beside us?And

our friends?We don’t know.

18.Sometimes I think：When my

time comes to get off the

train，shall I miss it？I think

I will.It is a suffering when I

part with my friends.I will be

sorry for leaving my kids

going alone.I firmly hold that

when we get to the terminal，

we will have another reunion.

19.When my kids get on the

train of life, they have only

little luggage in their

travelling bags. However,if I

can leave the beautiful

memory in them,I will be

happy.

20.After getting off the train of

life, I will be content if my

fellow passengers will

remember me and miss me.

21.To you , the companions on

my train of life.May you have

a good journey!

5.