指示代词和疑问代词教(学)案
一、复习预习
代词是代替名词及起名词作用的短语或句子的词。代词根据其意思和用法可分为人称代词、物主代词、反身代词、指示代词、相互代词、疑问代词、连接代词、关系代词、不定代词九类。
二、知识讲解
知识点：
【考查点1】
指示代词
1）指示代词分单数（this / that）和复数（these / those）两种形式，既可作限定词又可做代词，例如：
单数复数
限定词：This girl is Mary.Those men are my
teachers.
代词：This is Mary.Those are my
teachers.
2) 指示代词的句法功能；
a. 作主语
This is the way to do it.
这事儿就该这样做。
b. 作宾语
I like this better than that.
我喜欢这个甚至那个。
c. 作主语补语
My point is this.
我的观点就是如此。
d. 作介词宾语
I don't say no to that.
我并未拒绝那个。
There is no fear of that.
那并不可怕。
说明1：
指示代词在作主语时可指物也可指人，但作其他句子成分时只能指物，不能指人，例如：(对)That is my teacher.那是我的老师。（that作主语，指人）
(对)He is going to marry this girl.他要和这个姑娘结婚。（this作限定词）
(错)He is going to marry this.（this作宾语时不能指人）
(对)I bought this.我买这个。(this指物，可作宾语)
说明2：
That和those可作定语从句的先行词，但this和these不能，同时，在作先行词时，只有those可指人，试比较：
(对) He admired that which looked beautiful.他赞赏外表漂亮的东西。
(对) He admired those who looked beautiful. 他赞赏那些外表漂亮的人。（those指人）(错) He admired that who danced well.（that作宾语时不能指人）
(对) He admired those who danced well.他赞赏跳舞好的人。（those指人）
(对) He admired those which looked beautiful. 他赞赏那些外表漂亮的东西。（those指物）
【考查点2】
疑问代词是用来构成特殊疑问句，用作对述句的主语，宾语或定语提问，如who，whose，whom，which，what等
Who 具有名词性
Who wants to begin？（作主语）
Who is that man？（作表语）
Who did you ask about it？（作宾语）
Whom具有名词性
Whom do you talk about？（作宾语）
Whose 具有名词，形容词性质
Whose book is this？（形容词性—作定语）
Whose is this book？（名词性---作表语）
Whose is better？（作主语）
Whose are these pencils？（作表语）
Whose are you going to borrow？（作宾语）
Whose umbrella is this？（作定语）
What 具有名词性/形容词性
What is happening? (作主语)
What is your mother？（作表语）
What do you mean？（作宾语）
What color do you like？（作定语）
Which
This is my bag，which is yours？(作主语)
Which is your favorite subject？(作表语)
Which do you like best？（作宾语）
Which glasses do you want？（作定语）
其中Who，Which，What后可以加ever来加强语气。
What ever are you thinking about？
Who ever are you looking for？
Which ever do you prefer？
而疑问副词对时间，地点，方式等状语提问。如when，where，How等
1．疑问代词有who, whom, whose, which和what, 都是用来构成疑问句的：Who is calling? 谁打来？
Whom do you want to speak to? 你想找谁接？
作主语时用who，作宾语时用whom，在口语中用who作宾语时也不少：Who did you mean? 你指的是谁？
Who are you talking about? 你们在讲谁？
直接跟在介词后时只能用whom：
With whom did you come? 你和谁一道来的？
(口语中说“Who did you come with?时更多一些。
2. 其他三个疑问代词可用作：
1)主语：
What is your address? 你的地址怎样写？
Whose is better? 谁的好一些？
Which of these is yours? 哪一本是你的？
2)宾语：
What do you mean? 你是什么意思？
Which do you like better? 哪一个你更喜欢一些？
Whose have you chosen? 你选了谁的？
3)表语：
What’s her name? 她叫什么名字？
Whose is it? 这是谁的？
4)定语(这样用时有些字典标作形容词)：
What time does the train leave? 这列火车什么时候离开？
Which room shall we stay in? 我们住哪间房？
Whose passport is this? 这是谁的护照
三、例题精析
【例题1】
【题干】
将下列各句改为肯定句．
1.Is this a red marker?
2.Are those pink peaches from Shanghai?
3.Are these pears big?
【答案】1.This is a red marker.
2. Those pink peaches are from Shanghai.
3.These pears are big .
【解析】第２.３小题的指示代词作名词定语，而不是主语．若改写成如下句子则错．
Those are pink peaches from Shanghai. (×)
Those are big pears./These are pears big. (×)
【例题2】
【题干】
根据汉语提示用适当的特殊疑问词填空。
1. 这些苹果是谁的？
______ apples are these?
2. 三加五等于多少？
_______is 3 and 5? 3.
【答案】1.Whose 2. What
【解析】
【例题3】
【题干】
1. __________ pen is red. ________ pencil is green.
A. this, that
B. These, Those
C. That, Those
D. This, That 【答案】D
【解析】
四、课堂运用
【基础】
翻译下列词组
１这个男孩.
２.那位老师.
３这些猫．.
４.那些狮子．
【巩固】
将下列句子改成肯定句
5.Are these books in the bag? .
6.Is this nice ice cream? .
7.Are those big yellow bananas good? .
【拔高】
8. ________ is standing there? --Mr Zhang.
A. What
B. Whom
C. Who
9._________ would you like to go shopping with?
A. Which
B. Whom
C. What
D. Where
10.Excuse me, can you tell me _______ is the way to the post office?
A. whose
B. which
C. how
D. what
答案与解析
1. this boy
2.that teacher
3.these cats
4.those lions
5.These are books in the bag.
6. This is nice ice cream
7. Those are big yellow bananas good
8. C
9. B
10.B
课程小结
一.指示代词主语很简单．作定语用尤其是将一般疑问句改成述句的肯定式须重点把
握．
二．指示代词作定语时，常用冠词the来代替，所以两者不可同时用
课后作业
【基础】
将下列句子改成肯定句
1. Are those apples red? .
2. Is that an English story book? .
【巩固】
3. Is _____ a panda over there?
A. this
B. that
C. those
D. these
4. ________two boys are Mr. Green's sons.
A. This
B. These
C. That
D. those
5. __________ two girls are Mary and Linda.
A. This
B. They
C. That
D. Those
6. _______is Mr. White and _____ is my father.
A. This, those
B. That, these
C. These, these
D. This, this
【拔高】
7. -- ______ is your address(地址)? --It’s xinxin163..
A. Who
B. How
C. What
D. Which
8. -- ______ does your brother do? --He is a bus driver.
A. Where
B. Why
C. What
D. How
9. -- ______ can I do for you? --I would like a cup of tea.
A. What
B. How
C. Which
D. Who
10. -- ______ coat is more beautiful than yours? --Lily’s.
A. Which
B. Whose
C. Who
D. What
11. -- ______ is the matter? --I have a headache(头疼).
A. Who
B. What
C. How
D. What
答案与解析
1.Those apples are red.
2.That is an English story book
3.B
4.B
5.D
6. D
7.C
8.C
9.A
10.D
11.B 课后评价