新人教版高中数学必修第一册:课时跟踪检测(九) 基本不等式

新人教版高中数学必修第一册:课时跟踪检测(九)  基本不等式
新人教版高中数学必修第一册:课时跟踪检测(九)  基本不等式

课时跟踪检测(九) 基本不等式

A 级——学考合格性考试达标练

1.下列不等式中,正确的是( ) A .a +4

a ≥4

B .a 2+b 2≥4ab C.ab ≥

a +b

2

D .x 2+3

x

2≥2 3

解析:选D a <0,则a +4

a ≥4不成立,故A 错;a =1,

b =1,a 2+b 2<4ab ,故B 错,

a =4,

b =16,则ab <

a +b

2

,故C 错;由基本不等式可知D 项正确. 2.若a >b >0,则下列不等式成立的是( ) A .a >b >

a +b

2

>ab B .a >a +b

2>ab >b

C .a >a +b

2

>b >ab

D .a >ab >a +b

2

>b

解析:选B a =a +a 2>a +b

2>ab >b ·b =b ,因此B 项正确.

3.已知x <0,则x +1

x -2有( )

A .最大值为0

B .最小值为0

C .最大值为-4

D .最小值为-4

解析:选C ∵x <0,

∴x +1

x -2=-????

??(-x )+1(-x )-2≤-2-2=-4, 当且仅当-x =1

-x ,即x =-1时取等号.

4.3x 2+6

x 2+1的最小值是( )

A .32-3

B .3

C .6 2

D .62-3

解析:选D 3(x 2+1)+6

x 2+1-3≥2

3(x 2+1)·6

x 2+1

-3=218-3=62-3,当

且仅当x 2=2-1时等号成立,故选D.

5.若x >0,y >0,且2x +8

y

=1,则xy 有( )

A .最大值64

B .最小值

164

C .最小值1

2

D .最小值64

解析:选D 由题意xy =????

2x +8y xy =2y +8x ≥22y ·8x =8xy ,∴xy ≥8,即xy 有最

小值64,等号成立的条件是x =4,y =16.

6.要制作一个容积为4 m 3,高为1 m 的无盖长方体容器.已知该容器的底面造价是每平方米20元,侧面造价是每平方米10元,则该容器的最低总造价是________元.

解析:设底面矩形的一边长为x ,由容器的容积为4 m 3, 高为1 m ,得另一边长为4x m.

记容器的总造价为y 元,则

y =4×20+2????x +4x ×1×10=80+20????x +4

x ≥80+20×2 x ·4

x

=160, 当且仅当x =4

x ,即x =2时,等号成立.

因此当x =2时,y 取得最小值160, 即容器的最低总造价为160元. 答案:160

7.(3-a )(a +6)(-6≤a ≤3)的最大值为________.

解析:因为-6≤a ≤3,所以3-a ≥0,a +6≥0,则由基本不等式可知,(3-a )(a +6)≤(3-a )+(a +6)2=92,当且仅当a =-3

2时等号成立.

答案:9

2

8.已知x >0,y >0,2x +3y =6,则xy 的最大值为________. 解析:因为x >0,y >0,2x +3y =6, 所以xy =16(2x ·3y )≤16·? ????2x +3y 22

=16·????622=3

2

. 当且仅当2x =3y ,即x =32,y =1时等号成立,xy 取到最大值32

.

答案:3

2

9.设a ,b ,c 都是正数,试证明不等式:b +c a +c +a b +a +b

c ≥6.

证明:因为a >0,b >0,c >0, 所以b a +a b ≥2,c a +a c ≥2,c b +b

c ≥2,

所以????b a +a b +????c a +a c +????c b +b c ≥6, 当且仅当b a =a b ,c a =a c ,c b =b c ,

即a =b =c 时,等号成立. 所以b +c a +c +a b +a +b c ≥6.

10.(1)已知x <3,求y =

4

x -3

+x 的最大值; (2)已知x ,y 是正实数,且x +y =4,求1x +3

y 的最小值.

解:(1)∵x <3, ∴x -3<0,

∴y =4x -3+x =4x -3

+(x -3)+3

=-????

??43-x +(3-x )+3≤-2

43-x

·(3-x )+3=-1, 当且仅当43-x =3-x ,

即x =1时取等号, ∴y 的最大值为-1. (2)∵x ,y 是正实数,

∴(x +y )????1x +3y =4+????y x +3x

y ≥4+2 3. 当且仅当y x =3x

y

即x =2(3-1),y =2(3-3)时取“=”号.

又x +y =4, ∴1x +3y ≥1+32, 故1x +3y 的最小值为1+32

. B 级——面向全国卷高考高分练

1.设a ,b 为正数,且a +b ≤4,则下列各式中正确的一个是( ) A.1a +1b <1 B .1a +1b ≥1

C.1a +1b

<2 D .1a +1b

≥2

解析:选B 因为ab ≤? ??

??a +b 22≤????422=4,所以1a +1

b ≥2

1ab

≥21

4

=1,当且a =b =2时等号成立.

2.若0

2,则x 1-4x 2的最大值为( )

A .1

B .12

C.14

D .18

解析:选C 因为0

2,所以1-4x 2>0,所以x

1-4x 2=1

2×2x

1-4x 2≤1

2

×

4x 2+1-4x 22=1

4

,当且仅当2x =1-4x 2,即x =

2

4

时等号成立,故选C. 3.已知x ≥5

2,则x 2-4x +52x -4有( )

A .最大值5

4

B .最小值5

4

C .最大值1

D .最小值1

解析:选D x 2-4x +52x -4=(x -2)2+1

2(x -2)

=12??????

(x -2)+1x -2, 因为x ≥5

2,所以x -2>0,

所以12??????(x -2)+1x -2≥12

·2 (x -2)·1

x -2

=1.

当且仅当x -2=1

x -2,即x =3时取等号.

故原式有最小值为1.

4.已知不等式(x +y )????

1x +a y ≥9对任意正实数x ,y 恒成立,则正实数a 的最小值为( ) A .2 B .4 C .6

D .8

解析:选B 不等式(x +y )????1x +a y ≥9对任意正实数x ,y 恒成立,则(x +y )????1x +a

y ≥(1+a )2≥9,∴a ≥2,即a ≥4,故正实数a 的最小值为4.

5.若a >0,b >0,a +b =2,则下列不等式对一切满足条件的a ,b 恒成立的是________(写出所有正确命题的序号).

①ab ≤1;②a +b ≤2;③a 2+b 2≥2;④a 3+b 3≥3;⑤1a +1

b

≥2.

解析:因为a >0,b >0,a +b =2,所以ab ≤? ??

??a +b 22

=1,所以①恒成立;

a +

b ≤2

(a )2+(b )2

2

=2,所以②不恒成立;

a 2+

b 2≥

(a +b )2

2

=2,所以③恒成立; 当a =b =1时,a 3+b 3=2<3,所以④不恒成立; 1a +1b =1

2(a +b )????1a +1b =12????2+a b +b a ≥2,所以⑤恒成立. 答案:①③⑤ 6.若对任意x >0,

x

x 2+3x +1

≤a 恒成立,则a 的取值范围是________.

解析:因为x >0,所以x +1

x ≥2.当且仅当x =1时取等号,

所以有

x x 2+3x +1=1x +1x

+3≤12+3=1

5

x x 2+3x +1

的最大值为15,故a ≥1

5.

答案:?

??

a ???

??a ≥15

7.已知a ,b 为正实数,且1a +1

b

=2 2.

(1)求a 2+b 2的最小值;

(2)若(a -b )2=4(ab )3,求ab 的值.

解:(1)因为a ,b 为正实数,且1a +1b =22,所以1a +1

b =22≥2

1ab ,即ab ≥1

2

(当且仅当a =b 时等号成立).

因为a 2+b 2≥2ab ≥2×1

2=1(当且仅当a =b 时等号成立),

所以a 2+b 2的最小值为1.

(2)因为1a +1

b =22,所以a +b =22ab .因为(a -b )2=4(ab )3,所以(a +b )2-4ab =4(ab )3,

即(22ab )2-4ab =4(ab )3,即(ab )2-2ab +1=0,(ab -1)2=0.因为a ,b 为正实数,所以ab =1.

C 级——拓展探索性题目应用练

某厂家拟在2019年举行某产品的促销活动,经调查,该产品的年销售量(即该产品的年产量)x (单位:万件)与年促销费用m (m ≥0)(单位:万元)满足x =3-

k

m +1

(k 为常数),如果不举行促销活动,该产品的年销售量是1万件.已知2019年生产该产品的固定投入为8万元,每生产1万件该产品需要再投入16万元,厂家将每件产品的销售价格定为每件产品年平均成本的1.5倍(产品成本包括固定投入和再投入两部分资金,不包括促销费用).

(1)将2019年该产品的利润y (单位:万元)表示为年促销费用m 的函数; (2)该厂家2019年的促销费用为多少万元时,厂家的利润最大?

解:(1)由题意,可知当m =0时,x =1,∴1=3-k ,解得k =2,∴x =3-2

m +1,

又每件产品的销售价格为1.5×8+16x

x

元, ∴y =x ? ??

??

1.5×

8+16x x -(8+16x +m )=4+8x -m =4+8? ??

??3-2m +1-m

=-????

??16m +1+(m +1)+29(m ≥0).

(2)∵m ≥0,

16m +1+(m +1)≥216=8,当且仅当16

m +1

=m +1,即m =3时等号成立, ∴y ≤-8+29=21,∴y m ax =21.

故该厂家2019年的促销费用为3万元时,厂家的利润最大,最大利润为21万元.

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