研究生综合英语第7单元
第七单元
令人烦恼的二十年岁
盖尔·希伊
The trying twenties confronts us with the question of how to take hold in the adult world. Incandescent with our energies having outgrown the family and the formlessness of our transiting years, we are impatient to pour ourselves in the exactly right form—our own way of living in the world. Or while looking for it, we want to try out some provisional form. For now we are not only trying to prove ourselves competent in the larger society but intensely aware of being on trial.
令人烦恼的二十年岁使我们面临的问题是应如何在成人世界里立足。这时的我们精力最为充沛，已不再需要家庭的呵护，也已度过了转型期的稚嫩，正急于寻求一种最适合自己的生活——在这个世界上属于我们自己的生活方式。或者说，在寻求生活模式之际，我们想尝试一下某种过渡性的方式，因为此刻我们不仅在努力证实自己在较大社会环境中的能力，而且还强烈地意识到正在进行尝试。
Graduate student is a sage and familiar form for those who can afford it. Working toward a degree is something young people already know how to do. It postpones having to prove oneself in the bigger, bullying arena. Very few Americans had such a privilege before World War II; they reached the jumping-off point by the tender age of 16 or 18 or20 and had to make their move ready or not. But today, a quarter of a century is often spend before an individual is expected or expects himself to fix his life’s course. Or more. Given the permissiveness to experiment, the prolonged schooling available, and the moratoria allowed, it is not unusual for an adventurer to be nearly 30 before firmly setting a course.
对那些经济上能承受的人来说，读研究生是一种既稳妥又熟悉的方式。攻读学位已是年轻人所熟谙的生活。它使得我们不必过早地投身于令人生畏的社会大竞技场上去证实自己的能力。在二战前，很少美国人有这种深造的荣幸；在十六、十八或二十这样尚未成熟的年纪他们就到达了人生的出发点，并且不论他们是否已作好准备，就必须采取行动。但今天，常常是在四分之一世纪的时间过去之后，一个人才被指望或自我期盼去选定自己的人生道路。或者所需时间更长。对一个冒险者而言，既然容许他去试验人生，延长求学的时间，或是暂且搁置一下学业，那么临近三十岁才确定人生道路也毫不为奇了。
Today, the seven-year spread of this stage seems commonly to be from the ages of 22 to 28.
今天，这一跨越七年的求学阶段似乎都介于22岁至28岁。
The tasks of this period are enormous as they are exhilarating: to shape a dream, that vision of one’s own possibilities in the world that will generate energy, aliveness, and hope; to prepare for a lifework; to find a mentor if possible; and to form the capacity for intimacy without losing in the process whatever constancy of self we have thus far assembled. The first test structure must be erected around the life we choose to try.
这一时期的任务令人振奋，同样也艰巨繁重：使梦想成形，即在这个激发能量、活力和希望的世界中发现自身的潜在价值。为毕生将从事的工作作些准备。可能的话，寻求一位良师益友。并且培养与人亲近的能力，在此过程中又不致丢失迄今为止所形成的真实的自我。人生的第一个考验必须围绕着我们选择尝试的生活而展开。
One young man with vague aspirations of having his own creative enterprise, for instance, wasn’t sure if his torte would be photography or cabinetmaking or architecture. There was no sponsor in sight; his parents worked for the telephone company. So he took a job with Ma Bell. He married and together with his wife decided to postpone children indefinitely. Once the structure was set, he could throw all his free-time energies into experimenting within it. Every weekend would find him
behind a camera or building bookcases for friends, vigorously testing the various creative streaks that might lead him to a satisfying lifework.
一个年轻人，对于如何展开自己富有创意的事业，志向未定，他拿不定主意到底他最擅长的是摄影、木工还是建筑。眼前他找不到赞助人；他的父母都在电话公司工作。所以他最后在贝尔大妈那儿找了份工作。接着他结了婚，并与妻子一起决定无限期地延迟生孩子。一旦选择了这样的生活，他就能将所有业余时间的精力投入各种试验中。每个周末，他要么在忙着拍照，要么在为朋友做书橱，精力充沛地试验着各种创造性，这些创造性或许能引导他找到一种富有满足感的终身事业。
Singlehood can be a life structure of the twenties, too. The daughter of an ego-boosting father, taught to try anythi ng she wished so long as she didn’t bait out before reaching the top, decided to become a traveling publicist. That meant being free to move from city to city as better jobs open up. The structure that best served her purpose was to remain unattached. She shared apartments and lived in women’s hotels, having a wonderful time, until at 27 she landed the executive job of her dreams.
单身同样也能成为二十几岁年轻人的一种生活方式。有一位女儿，她的父亲是一个自我意识很强的人，他教育女儿去尝试她所希望做的一切，只要她不达到最高的目标决不罢休，这女孩最终决定成为一名旅行广告员。这意味着只要有更好的工作机会，她就能在城市之间自由地迁移。最符合她目标的生活方式便是单身无牵挂。她与别人合住公寓，或住女子旅馆，日子过得十分快乐，直到27岁时她获得了梦寐以求的主管的职位。
“I had no feeling of rootlessness because each time I moved, the next job offered a higher status or salary. And in every city I traveled, I would look up old friends from college and meet them for dinner. That gave me a stabilizing influence.”
“我一点儿也没有飘泊不定的感觉，因为我每次搬迁，下一份工作都会带给我更高的职位或薪水。并且在每个我所游历的城市，我都会去探望一下大学时代的老朋友，并与他们共进晚餐。这对我来说就起到了一种安定的作用。”
At 30 – Shazam! The same woman was suddenly married and pregnant with twins. Surrounded by totally new and unforeseen life structure, she was pleasantly baffled to find herself content. “I guess I was ready for a family without knowing it.”
到了30岁——变！这位女士突然结了婚并怀上了一对双胞胎。一下子被一种全新而未曾预料的生活所包围，她既困惑又高兴，发现自己对此十分满足。“我猜想自己在不自觉中已做好成家的准备了。”
The Trying Twenties is one of the longer and more stable periods, stable, that is, in comparison with the rockier passages that lead to and exit from it. Although each nail driven into our first external life structure is tentative, a tryout, once we have made our commitments we are convinced they are right ones. The momentum of exploring within the structure generally carries us through the twenties without a major disruption of it.
令人烦恼的二十年岁是人生中一段较为漫长且更为稳定的一个阶段，说它稳定，则是与它之前和之后更为不稳定的人生阶段相比较而言的。虽然我们在外部世界初次寻求生活方式所进行的每一个实践都是不确定的、试探性的，然而一旦我们作出承诺，我们便会坚信自己作出了正确的选择。而探索这种生活方式的动力通常会推动我们走过二十年岁的人生阶段，并不会瓦解而导致大的变化。
One of the terrifying aspects of the twenties is the conviction that choices we make are irrevocable. If we choose a graduate school or join a firm, get married or don’t marr y, move to the suburbs or forego travel abroad, decide against children or against a career, we fear in our marrow that we
might have to live with that choice forever. It is largely a false fear. Change it not only possible; some alteration of our original choices is probably inevitable. But since in our twenties we’re new at making major life choices, we cannot imagine that possibilities for a better integration will occur to us latter on, when some inner growth has taken place.
二十年岁中令人害怕的一个方面是，我们都深信，一旦作出选择，便无可挽回。无论我们选择读研或参加工作，结婚或单身，搬入郊区或放弃出国旅行，放弃孩子或放弃事业，我们都会从骨子里害怕自己的一生就此定型了。而这种恐惧大都是没有道理的。变化不仅是可能的，而且对我们最初的选择作些更改甚至有可能是不可避免的。但既然我们在二十几岁时对于作出人生重大选择都没有经验，我们便无法想象到将来可能会有更好的融合机遇出现在生活中，而那时我们的内心将变得成熟起来。
Two impulses, as always, are at work during this period.
在这一阶段往往有两股冲动的力量在发挥作用。
One is to build a firm, safe structure for the future by making strong commitments, to be set. Yet people who slip into a ready-made form without much self-examination are likely to find themselves following a locked-in pattern.
一种冲动是通过作出郑重承诺，为将来选择一种稳定可靠的生活方式,并不再改变。然而许多人未经充分自省便进入某种现成的生活模式，却往往可能发现自己正过着一种固定不变的生活。
The other urge is to explore and experiment, keeping any structure tentative and therefore easily reversible. Taken to the extreme by people who skip through their twenties from on trial job and one limited personal encounter to another, this becomes the transient pattern.
另一种冲动是去探索和试验，使每种生活方式处于尝试性状态，因此很容易改变。有些人将这一冲动引向极端，他们在整个二十来岁阶段不停地更换工作，不停地结识新交。这便成为一种总在改变的生活方式。
The balance stuck between these two impulses makes for differences in the way people pass through this period of provisional adulthood and largely determines the way we feel about ourselves at the end of it.
如何平衡这两种冲动，便造成了人们在经历成年过渡期方面的差异，并很大程度上决定了我们在这个阶段结束时有怎样的自我感觉。
The Power of Illusions
幻想的力量
However galvanizing our vision in the early twenties, it is far from being complete. Even while we are delighted to display our shiny new capacities, secret fears persist that we are not going to get away with it. Somebody is going to discover the imposter.
无论我们在二十年岁早期如何激发着幻想，都远非十分完满。即使当我们高兴地施展着那些辉煌的新才能的时候，内心也始终害怕我们不会侥幸成功。总有人会发现我们其实是装模作样的骗子。
To have seen the vivacious, 24-year-old junior executive at her work in a crack San Francisco public relations firm, one would probably not have guessed the trepidations underneath: “I realized that I had not grown up. I was amazed at how well I functioned at work. When clients would deal with me as an equal, I’d think, ‘I got away with it’, but the feeling wasn’t one of joy. It was terror that eventually they would find out I was just a child. Simply not equipped. The other half of the time, I would have tremendous confidence and arrogance about who I way –a hotshot out there accomplishing all sorts of things and everybody thinking I was so terrific. I was like two
新编大学英语4课文翻译(包括课后文章翻译)和答案
Reading comprehension 1略 2 BDCAC AADBB Vocabulary 1. 1) A. entertaining B. entertainment C. entertained D. entertainer 2) A. recognizable B. recognized C. recognition 3) A. tempting B. temptation C. tempt 4) A. reasoned B. reasoning C. reasonable D. reason 5) A. analyzed B. analytical C. analyst D. analysis 6) A. valuable B. valuation C. valued/values D. values 7) A. humorist B. humor C. humorous D. humorless 8) A. understandable B. understanding C. understand D. misunderstood 2. 1) a sense of responsibility 2) a sense of safety/security 3) a sense of inferiority 4) a sense of superiority 5) a sense of rhythm 6) a sense of justice 7) a sense of shame 8) a sense of helplessness 9) a sense of direction 10) a sense of urgency 3. 1) Lively behavior is normal 2) Fast cars appeal to 3) diverse arguments 4) I asked my boss for clarification 5) sensitive to light 6) Mutual encouragement 7) made fun of him 8) persists in his opinion/viewpoint 9) to be the focus/center of attention 10) we buy our tickets in advance 4. 1）certain/sure 2) involved 3) end 4) behavior 5) disciplining 6) agreed 7) individually 8) first 9) response 10) question 11) attempt 12) voice 13) directly 14) followed 15) trouble Unit 2 便笺的力量 Reading comprehension 1略 2 FFTFTFTFTTFTFT Vocabulary 1. Creating Compound Words
全新大学英语第二综合教程2第七单元课文翻译
第七单元 了解英语 课文A 有些语言拒绝引入新词。另一些语言，如英语，则似乎欢迎新词的引入。罗伯特·麦克尼尔回顾英语的历史，得出结论说，英语对变化的包容性体现了根深蒂固的自由思想。 英语中绚丽多彩的杂乱无章现象 罗伯特·麦克尼尔 我们的英语的历史是典型的大量窃取其它语言的历史。正因为如此，今日英语的词汇量据估计超过一百万，而其它主要语言的词汇量都要小得多。 例如，法语只有约75,000个单词，其中还包括像snackbar(快餐店)和A打parade肮行唱片目录)这样的英语词汇。但法国人不喜欢借用外来词，因为他们认为这样会损害法语的纯洁性。法国政府试图逐出英语词汇，宣称Walkman(随身听)一词有伤大雅，因此他们造了个新词balladeur让法国儿童用——可他们就是不用。 Walkman一词非常耐人寻味，因为这个词连英语也不是。严格地说，该词是由日本制造商发明的，他们把两个简单的英语单词拼在一起来命名他们的产品。这事儿我们不介意，法国人却耿耿于怀。由此可见英语中绚丽多彩的杂乱无章现象。这种乐意包容的精神，这种不管源自何方来者不拒的精神，恰好解释了英语为什么会这么丰富，解释了英语缘何在很大程度上第一个成了真正的国际语言。 欧洲沿海一个弹丸小岛的语言何以会成为地球上的通用语言，比历史上任何一种其他语言都更为广泛地被口头和书面使用英语的历史体现在孩子最先学会用来表示身份(／，me，you)、所属关系(mine，yours)、身体部位(eye，nose,mouth)、大小高矮(tallshort)，以及生活必需晶(food,water)的词汇当中。这些词都来自英语的核心部分古英语或盎格鲁一萨克逊英语。这些词通常简短明了，我们今天仍然用这些词来表示对我们真正至关重要的事物。 伟大的演说家常常用古英语来激发我们的情感。例如，在二战期间，温斯顿·丘吉尔作了如下的演讲来激励国民的勇气以抵抗屯兵英吉利海峡准备渡海作战的希特勒的军队：“我们要战斗在海滩上，我们要战斗在着陆场上，我们要战斗在田野和街巷，我们要战斗在群山中。我们决不投降。” 这段文字中几乎每个词都来自古英语，只有最后一个词——surrender是个例外，来自诺曼法语。丘吉尔原本可以说：“Weshallnevergivein，”但这正是英语迷人之处和活力所在，作家为了加强效果可以糅合来自不同背景的不同词汇。而演说中使用古英语词汇具有直接拨动心弦的效果。 尤利乌斯·凯撒在公元前55年入侵不列颠时，英语尚不存在。当时不列颠的居民凯尔特人使用的那些语言流传下来主要成了威尔士语。这些语言的起源至今仍是个不解之谜，但有一种理论试图解开这个谜。 两个世纪前，在印度当法官的一位英国人注意到，梵文中有一些词与希腊语、拉丁语中的一些词极为相似。系统的研究显示，许多现代语言起源于一个共同的母语，但由于没有文字记载，该母语已经失传。 语言学家找出了相似的词，提出这些语言的源头是他们称之为印欧母语的语言，这种语言使用于公元前3500年至公元前2000年。这些人使用同样的词表达“雪”、“蜜蜂”和“狼”，但没有表示“海”的词。因此有些学者认为，他们生活在寒冷的中北欧某个地区。一些人向东迁徙形成了印度和巴基斯坦的各种语言，有些人则向西漂泊，来到欧洲气候较为温暖的地区。最早西移的一些人后来被称作凯尔特人，亦即凯撒的军队在不列颠发现的民族。 新的词汇随日尔曼部落——盎格鲁、萨克逊等部落——而来，他们在5世纪的时候越过北海定居在不列颠。他们共同形成了我们称之为盎格鲁一萨克逊的社会。
新编大学英语4unit2book4听力原文和答案核对版
Part 1 Listening 1 Ex1: C A D C B Ex2: 1) approaching 2) left 3) toilet 4) locked 5) Tickets please 6) pushed 7) stamped Scripts: Two Belgians and two Dutchmen traveled regularly to work on the same train. After a while the Dutchmen saw that the two Belgians only had one ticket between them and asked how they managed to achieve this. The Belgians explained that when they heard the conductor approaching from the other end of the carriage, the two of them left their seats, went into the toilet and locked the door. When the conductor knocked on the toilet door, saying, "Tickets, please!", they pushed one ticket under the door. It was then stamped and pushed back under the door again. The Dutchmen thought this was a very good idea and the following morning bought one ticket between them. When they got to their carriage there was only one Belgian. They told him what they had done and asked the Belgian if he had a ticket as he was traveling on his own. The Belgian said he did not have a ticket at all and when they asked how he proposed to manage to travel free of charge, he told them they would have to wait and see until the conductor arrived, but he had no doubt that he would manage it without difficulty. As soon as they heard the conductor coming, the two Dutchmen immediately went to the toilet and locked the door. A few moments later, the Belgian followed them down the corridor and knocked on the toilet door, saying, "Tickets, please!" One ticket appeared under the door. Questions: 1. Where did the story take place 2. What did the two Dutchmen want to know from the two Belgians 3. How did the Dutchmen feel about the Belgians' behavior 4. What did the Belgian do when asked if he had a ticket 5. Who finally managed to travel free of charge Listening 2 Ex1: 1 department store 2. attend college 3. difficult 4. physical education 5. terrified Ex2: FTTFT Scripts: My name is Atsuko Saeki. I work as a salesclerk in a big department store in Fuji, Japan. Six years ago when I was 21 years old, I went to California to attend college. Life in the United States was much more difficult than I had ever imagined. It wasn't like the descriptions I had read in my textbooks. People often seemed tense and so I felt very alone. One of my hardest classes was physical education. We often played volleyball. All the other students were good at it, but I clearly wasn't. One afternoon, the teacher asked me to hit the ball to my classmates. For most people, this would be easy but I was terrified that I would make a fool of myself. When one of the boys on my team saw how nervous I was, he walked up to me and whispered, "Come on, you can do that." You can't imagine how those words of encouragement made me feel. I was so happy that I almost cried. I managed to hit the ball and I think I thanked the young man, but I'm not sure. I have never forgotten his kind words of encouragement. He probably doesn't even remember what he said to me or how much his kindness meant to me. Whenever things aren't going well, I think of those simple words of encouragement: Come on, you can do that.
选修7 英语单词
选修7 英语单词 Unit 1 disability伤残；无力；无能 disabled 伤残的 hearing 听力；听觉 eyesight 视力 △syndrome 综合病征；综合症状 △infantile paralysis 小儿麻痹 △Rosalyn 罗莎琳（女名） lap 跑道的一圈；重叠部分； （人坐着时）大腿的上方 ambition 雄心；野心 ambitious 有雄心的；有野心的dictation 口授；听写（的文字） △Sally 萨利（女名） noisy 吵闹的；嘈杂的 suitable 适合的；适宜的 entry 项目；进入；入口beneficial有益的；受益的 △Marty 马蒂?菲尔丁 in other words 换句话说 clumsy 笨拙的 △bump 碰撞；撞击 outgoing 外向的；友好的；外出的；adapt 使适应；改编 adapt to 适合 bench 长凳 cut out 切去；省略；停止做某事microscope 显微镜 out of breath 上气不接下气 absence 缺席；不在某处 fellow 同伴的；同类的 同伴；同志；伙伴 annoy 使……不悦；惹恼annoyed 颇为生气的 △annoyance 烦恼 all in all 总而言之 firm公司结实的；坚固的；坚定的software 软件 sit around 闲坐着
as well as 和；也 parrot 鹦鹉 tank（盛液体、气体的）大容器；缸；tortoise 陆龟；龟 in many ways 在很多方面 psychology 心理（学）psychologically心理（学）地；精神上地make fun of 取笑 encouragement 鼓励；奖励 conduct行为；品行指挥；管理；主持 △mainstream 主流；主要倾向 △fulfilling 令人满意的；令人愉快的never mind 不必担心 politics 政治（学） abolish 废除；废止 △abolition 废除；废止 resign 辞职；辞去（工作、职位等）slavery 奴隶制 literature 文学（作品）；著作；文献 △Barry Minto 巴里?明托 △Mount Kilimanjaro 气力马扎罗山非洲最高山）companion 同伴；伙伴 assistance 协助；援助 congratulate 祝贺；庆贺congratulation 祝贺；贺词 bowling 保龄球 graduation 毕业；毕业典礼certificate 证书 all the best （口语）（祝你）一切顺利architect 建筑师 △Sanders 桑德斯（姓） adequate 足够的；充分的 access 接近的）方法；通路；可接近性accessible可接近的；可进入的；可使用的△wheelchair 轮椅 handy 方便的；有用的 △earphone 耳机 △impair 削弱；损伤 row 一行；一排 basement 地下室 outwards 向外 exit 出口；离开；退场 meet with 遇到；经历；会晤
浙大出版社 英语答案(第四册)
新编大学英语4（浙大版）课后习题答案共同学们欣赏嘎嘎 编辑 | 删除 | 权限设置 | 更多▼ 更多▲ ?设置置顶 ?推荐日志 ?转为私密日志 转载自W～XなK¤转载于2010年03月15日 11:55 阅读(0) 评论(0) 分类：移花接木权限: 公开 Unit1 1. 1) A entertaining B entertainment C entertained D entertainer 2) A recognizable B recognized C recognition D 3) A tempting B temptation C tempt 4) A reasoned B reasoning C reasonable D reason 5) A analyzed B analytical C analyst D analysis 6) A valuable B valuation C valued/values D values 7) A humorist B humor C humorous D humorless 8) A understandable B understanding C understand D misunderstood 2. 1) a sense of responsibility 2) a sense of safety/security 3) a sense of inferiority 4) a sense of superiority 5) a sense of rhythm 6) a sense of justice 7) a sense of shame 8) a sense of helplessness 9) a sense of direction 10) a sense of urgency 3. 1) Lively behavior is normal 2) Fast cars appeal to 3) diverse arguments 4) I asked my boss for clarification 5) sensitive to light 6) Mutual encouragement
人教版高中英语选修7课文翻译
第一单元好好生活 马蒂的故事 你好。我叫马蒂．菲尔丁。我想你可能会说我是“百万人中才有一个”的那种人。换句话说，世界上像我这样的人并不多见。你瞧，我的肌肉有毛病，使我的身体非常虚弱，所以我不能像别人那样快跑或快步爬楼梯。再说，有时候我还会笨手笨脚、不小心摔掉东西，或磕碰到家具上。不幸的是，大夫们不知道如何治好我的病，但是我很开朗乐观，学会了适应身体的残疾。我的座右铭是：活一天算一天。 十岁以前，我跟其他人是一样的。我常常爬树、游泳、踢足球。说实在的，我过去常常梦想我会成为职业球员，代表我们的国家参加世界杯足球赛。后来，我的身体开始变得越来越虚弱，以至于只能坐在体育场的长凳上欣赏足球了。最后我到医院去做了检查，几乎住了三个月的医院。我想我至少做过十亿次检查了，包括有一次检查，他们从我的腿部切下一小块儿肌肉，放在显微镜下观察。即使做过了所有这些检查，也没有人能够确诊这个病。因此，很难知道将来会是个什么样子。 问题是我看上去跟平常人一样。因此，当我跑了很短的一段路之后，我就会喘不过气来，或者爬楼梯才爬到一半就得停下来休息。因此，上小学时有的孩子见了我这种情况就会笑话我。有时候我的身体太虚弱，上不了学，因此落了许多功课。每次缺课之后，我就觉得自己很笨，因为我比别人落后了。 我在中学时期的生活(比在小学时)要轻松多了，因为我的同学开始接受了我的状况。还有些同学看不到我的内心世界，但是我并不生气，只是不去理会他们罢了。总而言之，我生活得挺好。我很高兴我能做许多事情，比如写作和电脑编程。我有雄心壮志，长大后我要在开发电脑软件的公司里工作。去年我发明了一个电脑足球游戏，有一家大公司已经决定从我这儿买走。我的生活很充实，没有时间闲坐着顾影自怜。除了同我的朋友一起去看电影和足球比赛，我还花很多时间和我的宠物在一起。我有两只兔子、一只鹦鹉、一缸金鱼和一只乌龟。我得花大量时间来照顾这些宠物，但我觉得很值。此外，我还有好多功课，特别是在病了一段时间之后。 在许多方面，我身体的残疾倒使我心理上变得更加坚强、更加独立。我必须努力工作才能过上正常的生活，但这是值得的。假如我有机会跟健康孩子讲一句话，那么，这句话就是：身体残疾并不意味着生活不美满。因此，不要感到残疾人可怜，或者取笑他们，也别不理睬他们。要接受他们，给他们以鼓励，让他们能像你一样过得丰富多彩、充实美满。 谢谢你们读我的故事。．马蒂 致建筑师的一封信桑达斯女士 爱丽斯。梅杰 总建筑师剑桥街64号 影院设计公司班克斯敦 希尔街44号 班克斯敦 20(0年9月2,4日 亲爱的桑达斯女士： 今天我从报上了解到，您将成为班克斯敦新影院的建筑设计师。我希望您不介意我写信询问您是否已考虑到残疾顾客的需要。尤其是以下几点不知您是否考虑到了：
新编大学英语4课文翻译和答案-浙江大学
课内阅读参考译文及课后习题答案(Book 4) Unit 1 享受幽默—什么东西令人开怀？ 1 听了一个有趣的故事会发笑、很开心，古今中外都一样。这一现象或许同语言本身一样悠久。那么，到底是什么东西会使一个故事或笑话让人感到滑稽可笑的呢？ 2 我是第一次辨识出幽默便喜欢上它的人，因此我曾试图跟学生议论和探讨幽默。这些学生文化差异很大，有来自拉丁美洲的，也有来自中国的。我还认真地思考过一些滑稽有趣的故事。这么做完全是出于自己的喜好。 3 为什么听我讲完一个笑话后，班上有些学生会笑得前仰后合，而其他学生看上去就像刚听我读了天气预报一样呢？显然，有些人对幽默比别人更敏感。而且，我们也发现有的人很善于讲笑话，而有的人要想说一点有趣的事却要费好大的劲。我们都听人说过这样的话：“我喜欢笑话，但我讲不好，也总是记不住。”有些人比别人更有幽默感，就像有些人更具有音乐、数学之类的才能一样。一个真正风趣的人在任何场合都有笑话可讲，而且讲了一个笑话，就会从他记忆里引出一连串的笑话。一个缺乏幽默感的人不可能成为一群人中最受欢迎的人。一个真正有幽默感的人不仅受人喜爱，而且在任何聚会上也往往是人们注意的焦点。这么说是有道理的。 4 甚至有些动物也具有幽默感。我岳母从前经常来我们家，并能住上很长一段时间。通常她不喜欢狗，但却很喜欢布利茨恩—我们养过的一条拉布拉多母猎犬。而且，她们的这种喜欢是相互的。布利茨恩在很小的时候就常常戏弄外祖母，当外祖母坐在起居室里她最喜欢的那张舒适的椅子上时，布利茨恩就故意把她卧室里的一只拖鞋叼到起居室，并在外祖母刚好够不到的地方蹦来跳去，一直逗到外祖母忍不住站起来去拿那只拖鞋。外祖母从椅子上一起来，布利茨恩就迅速跳上那椅子，从它那闪亮的棕色眼睛里掠过一丝拉布拉多式的微笑，无疑是在说：“啊哈，你又上了我的当。” 5 典型的笑话或幽默故事由明显的三部分构成。第一部分是铺垫（即背景），接下来是主干部分（即故事情节），随后便是妙语（即一个出人意料或令人惊讶的结尾）。如果这个妙语含有一定的幽默成分，这个笑话便会很有趣。通常笑话都包含这三部分，而且每部分都必须交代清楚。如果讲故事或说笑话的人使用听众都熟悉的手势和语言，则有助于增强效果。 6 我们可以对幽默这种娱乐形式，进行分析，从而发现究竟是什么使一个有趣的故事或笑话令人发笑。举例来说，最常见的幽默有以下几种，包括了从最显而易见的幽默到比较微妙含蓄的幽默。 7 “滑稽剧”是最明显的幽默。它语言简单、直截了当，常常以取笑他人为乐。说笑打闹这种形式过去是、现在仍然是滑稽说笑演员和小丑的惯用技巧。它为不同年龄、不同文化背景的人们所喜爱。几乎本世纪的每个讲英语的滑稽说笑演员都曾以这样或那样的方式说过下面这则笑话。一位男士问另一位男士：“昨晚我看到的那位和你在一起的贵妇是谁？”那位男士回答道：“那可不是什么贵妇，那是我老婆。”这个笑话的幽默之处在于第二位男士说他的妻子不是一位贵妇，也就是说她不是一个高雅的女人。这个笑话并没有因为经常讲而变得不再那么好笑。由于这是一个经典笑话，观众都知道要说什么，而且因为大家对这个笑话很熟悉而更加珍爱它。 8 中国的相声是一种特殊的滑稽剧。相声中两名中国喜剧演员幽默地谈论诸如官僚主义者、家庭问题或其他一些有关个人的话题。相声随处都能听到，无论是在乡村的小舞台上，还是在北京最大的剧院里，抑或在广播、电视上。它显然是中国人家喻户晓的一种传统的幽默形式。 9 “俏皮话”不像滑稽剧那样浅显，它是因语言的误用或误解而引人发笑。我特别喜欢
新视野大学英语四课文1-7单元翻译
艺术家追求成名，如同狗自逐其尾，一旦追到手，除了继续追逐不知还能做些什么。 成功之残酷正在于它常常让那些追逐成功者自寻毁灭。 对一名正努力追求成功并刚刚崭露头角的艺术家，其亲朋常常会建议“正经的饭碗不能丢！”他们的担心不无道理。 追求出人头地，最乐观地说也困难重重，许多人到最后即使不是穷困潦倒，也是几近精神崩溃。 尽管如此，希望赢得追星族追捧和同行赞扬之类的不太纯洁的动机却在激励着他们向前。 享受成功的无上光荣，这种诱惑不是能轻易抵挡的。 成名者之所以成名，大多是因为发挥了自己在歌唱、舞蹈、绘画或写作等方面的特长，并能形成自己的风格。 为了能迅速走红，代理人会极力吹捧他们这种风格。他们青云直上的过程让人看不清楚。 他们究竟是怎么成功的，大多数人也都说不上来。 尽管如此，艺术家仍然不能闲下来。 若表演者、画家或作家感到无聊，他们的作品就难以继续保持以前的吸引力，也就难以保持公众的注意力。 公众的热情消磨以后，就会去追捧下一个走红的人。 有些艺术家为了不落伍，会对他们的写作、跳舞或唱歌的风格稍加变动，但这将
冒极大的失宠的危险。 公众对于他们藉以成名的艺术风格以外的任何形式都将不屑一顾。 知名作家的文风一眼就能看出来，如田纳西·威廉斯的戏剧、欧内斯特·海明威的情节安排、罗伯特·弗罗斯特或T.S.艾略特的诗歌等。 同样，像莫奈、雷诺阿、达利这样的画家，希区柯克、费里尼、斯皮尔伯格、陈凯歌或张艺谋这样的电影制作人也是如此。 他们鲜明独特的艺术风格标志着与别人不同的艺术形式上的重大变革，这让他们名利双收， 但也让他们付出了代价，那就是失去了用其他风格或形式表现自我的自由。 名气这盏聚光灯可比热带丛林还要炙热。骗局很快会被揭穿，过多的关注带来的压力会让大多数人难以承受。 它让你失去自我。你必须是公众认可的那个你，而不是真实的你或是可能的你。艺人，就像政客一样，必须常常说些违心或连自己都不完全相信的话来取悦听众。 一滴名气之水有可能玷污人的心灵这一整口井，因此一个艺术家若能保持真我，会格外让人惊叹。 你可能答不上来哪些人没有妥协，却仍然在这场名利的游戏中获胜。 一个例子就是爱尔兰著名作家奥斯卡·王尔德，他在社交行为和性行为方面以我行我素而闻名于世。虽然他的行为遭到公众的反对，却依然故我，他也因此付出了惨痛的代价。
最新Unit 6 Risks新编大学英语第二版第四册课文翻译资料
Unit 6 Risks Risks and You At some time or other, all of us have played the part of a hypochondriac, imagining that we have some terrible disease on the strength of very minor symptoms. Some people just have to hear about a new disease and they begin checking themselves to see if they may be suffering from it. But fear of disease is not our only fear, and neither is risk of disease the only risk we run. Modern life is full of all manner of threats-to our lives, our peace of mind, our families, and our future. And from these threats come questions that we must pose to ourselves: Is the food I buy safe? Are toys for my children likely to hurt them? Should my family avoid smoked meats? Am I likely to be robbed on vacations? Our uncertainties multiply indefinitely. Anxiety about the risks of life is a bit like hypochondria; in both, the fear or anxiety feeds on partial information. But one sharp difference exists between the two. The hypochondriac can usually turn to a physician to get a definitive clarification of the situation-either you have the suspected disease or you don't. It is much more difficult when anxiety about other forms of risk is concerned, because with many risks, the situation is not as simple. Risks are almost always a matter of probability rather than certainty. You may ask, "Should I wear a seat belt?" If you' re going to have a head-on collision, of course. But what if you get hit from the side and end up trapped inside the vehicle, unable to escape because of a damaged seat belt mechanism? So does this mean that you should spend the extra money for an air bag? Again, in head-on collisions, it may well save your life. But what if the bag accidentally inflates while you are driving down the highway, thus causing an accident that would never have occurred otherwise? All of this is another way of saying that nothing we do is completely safe. There are risks, often potentially serious ones, associated with every hobby we have, every job we take, every food we eat-in other words, with every action. But the fact that there are risks associated with everything we are going to do does not, or should not, reduce us to trembling neurotics. Some actions are riskier than others. The point is to inform ourselves about the relevant risks and then act accordingly. For example, larger cars are generally safer than small ones in collisions. But how much safer? The answer is that you are roughly twice as likely to die in a serious crash in a
新编大学英语4课后答案完整版
新编大学英语（第四册）习题答案 Unit1 1. 1) A entertaining B entertainment C entertained D entertainer 2) A recognizable B recognized C recognition D 3) A tempting B temptation C tempt 4) A reasoned B reasoning C reasonable D reason 5) A analyzed B analytical C analyst D analysis 6) A valuable B valuation C valued/values D values 7) A humorist B humor C humorous D humorless 8) A understandable B understanding C understand D misunderstood 2. 1) a sense of responsibility 2) a sense of safety/security 3) a sense of inferiority 4) a sense of superiority 5) a sense of rhythm 6) a sense of justice 7) a sense of shame 8) a sense of helplessness 9) a sense of direction 10) a sense of urgency 3. 1) Lively behavior is normal 2) Fast cars appeal to 3) diverse arguments 4) I asked my boss for clarification 5) sensitive to light 6) Mutual encouragement
综合英语教程4 第7单元Time to Stop Excuses for Lateness 课文答案、翻译等 很全面
Unit7 Time to Stop Excuses for Lateness P1 Listening and Speaking Activities 1 Brainstorming Expressions of disciplinary matters at the workplace: Expressions of types of employment: Expressions of recruiting/firing: Expressions of positions/job titles: 2 Listening Listening script I'm a policeman in New York City and my name is John Davy. Ever since I was a young boy I’ve always wanted to be a cop .I thought it would be the best job in the world. If I wasn't a cop, I don't think I could be anything else. Of course they tell me I'm a good cop. My superiors say I'm conscientious, that I have strong sense of justice and fairness and a great respect for the law. To be honest with you, my conscience would bother me if I didn't give 100% and if I didn't try to live up to my ideals. My friends tell me I'm too idealistic, too nice and, as the saying goes, nice guys finish last , but my job is to serve the people and I try to do my best. I work with the police department's emergency service patrol in a largely black neighborhood in Brooklyn, New York. It's a rough and dangerous neighborhood, very rough. I admit it hasn't been easy. Since being assigned to the neighborhood, I've been shot, spit at, and hit with bottles, rocks, sticks, and Molotov Cocktails . Yes, it's not easy being a cop in New York City , but I've been awarded citations for my courage and for my quick thinking and performance in emergency situations. Oh, I could tell you many exciting stories. Once, we set up a net for a potential jumper. A young man was on a ledge 23 stories up from the street. His girlfriend had left him and now he was threatening to jump. We got his girlfriend, his close friend, a priest, his mother to try and talk him out of jumping, but nothing worked. He was going to jump. Then I started to talk to him. I talked as long as I could — until I got too close to him. Then he shouted out, "Stop right where you are or I'll jump." I backed away. An hour later, with a belt tied around me, with a line my partner held, I jumped from the ledge and came up right in front of the young man and trapped him. I felt what they call "job satisfaction". A life has been saved and that's important to me. To me that's success - to do your job and to do it well. No holding back , especially when it means saving a human life. Some people in the neighborhood think cops are the bad guys. They just don't like us. Yeah, we have some bad cops in the department who don't always obey the rules and who sometimes use too much force and injure people. But you know, when someone has been hit by a car and you walk into the crowd standing around dumbfounded and you take charge, telling this person to get a blanket, this one to get some water, and you comfort the injured person; that looks good in front of the cro wd. They say, "There’re some good cops here." Boy, does that make me feel good. I feel like I'm doing my job . I feel like I'm helping people. Anyway, it's my duty as a cop. Recently, I was again cited for outstanding service and this time was promoted to sergeant. As they say, I'm a good cop, and good guys don't always finish last. 1. What makes John a good policeman? John likes his job as a cop. He feels it's "the best job in the world." He is conscientious, has a strong sense of justice and fairness, and respects the law. John exerts himself to the utmost and tries to live up to his ideals. 2. Has John’s job as a policeman been easy and safe?