英语四级选词填空篇
四级选词填空
【前言】
选词填空出现在大学英语四级考试深度阅读(Reading in depth)的第一部分。由一篇200-300词的短文和15个选项构成，题目要求从给出的15个词中选择10个填入短文的空格中。该部分的分值占整个分值比例的5％，考试时间大约为9分钟。纵观2007-2013年大学英语四级试卷及考生得分分析的情况，考生在该题目上的失分比较大，造成失分的主要原因有：一方面该题目本身具有较大的难度，要求考生掌握词汇、语法、阅读等基础知识，并具有较强的语言综合运用能力，在段落及篇章中考查词汇的用法及含义；另一方面是考生对该题的做题方法不是很熟悉，没有掌握一些技巧，进而导致失分。如果你能够掌握一些技巧，就可以达到事半功倍的效果。
【题型简介】
选词填空是大学英语四级考试中的一种必考题型，文章中设有10个空白处，后面有15个单词选项，要求考生选择正确的单词填入空白处，从而使文章意思连贯、表达准确。文章长度大约在200-300词之间。和单纯的词汇题相比，篇章词汇更注重实际运用，从单一的句子层次的考查上升到了篇章层次的考查。
【选词填空&完形填空的区别】
01.完形填空每题都是四选一，选词填空第一题要十五选一，就算用到排除法，最后一题也要六选一，而且在十五个选项中还有五个根本不会用到，故难度较大；
02.完形填空每题的四个选项都是统一的词性，只需要辨析词义、搭配就基本可以作答，而选词填空的十五个选项有多个词性，解题时需要同时判断词性和词义，故难度较大；
03.完形填空每题的四个选项往往都是统一时态，统一形式，而在选词填空中会涉及选项的动词时态、第三人称单数形式、被动主动语态，名词的单复数等的辨析，故难度较大。
【考点定位】
选词填空主要考查考生对语篇、语段整体的把握以及在实际语境中对其的理解，它要求考生在理解全文的基础上弄清文章的宏观结构并把握每个单词的微观含义。具体来讲，该部分的主要考查点包括：
01.主要考查名词、动词、形容词和副词等实词。
选词填空主要测试的是考生在实际语境中对单词的理解和把握，因此一般不会涉及对介词、冠词等不具有实际意义的虚词的考查。
02.对近义词细微区别的掌握。
选词填空注重考查对词汇的精确理解，要求考生分清楚近义词在实际运用时的细微差别。
03.对句子语法结构的准确分析。
选词填空要求考生根据句子的语法结构判断空格处所需词性及形式，然后根据上下文含义进行选择。
04.对上下文照应、衔接关系的理解。
选词填空不同于传统的词汇和语法题型，对每一个词的选择都不是孤立地限定于某一个单独的句子，需要考生根据上下文寻找照应和合理的衔接，从这一点上来看，它与完形填空的考点更加贴近。
【技巧点拨】
选词填空的测试重点在于把握文章的结构，考生要时刻记住不能脱离上下文孤立地看待每一个空格，一般来讲，在解题时可采取以下步骤：
[第一步]阅读选项，词性分类。
遵循“先题后文在定位”，但这里“先题”不是要找关键词，而是要先对15个选项“辨性”。这点是做好此题的首要条件。仔细阅读选项，根据词性把每个单词进行分类归纳。如名词、动词、形容词、副词、介词、连词各有几个选项。动词归类要细分为v，ved, ving。因为一个空可以填动词，但填原形还是过去式还是ing形式要自己根据语法判断。
[第二步]细读首句，抓住中心。
首先要抓住文章首句，迅速找到文章的主题词或主题。和完型填空一样，一般文章第一句不设空格，以便让读者知道本文的相关主题词或主题。
[第三步]判断所填词可能的形式，缩小选择范围。
根据所填词所在句子结构及上下文时态推测所填词可能的形式，可以大大缩小选择范围。
[第四步]瞻前顾后，谨慎选择。（即根据所在句及上下文含义，选择合适的选项。）
根据文章前后的语法关系判断应填入的词性，缩小选择范围。当一个空可以填入好几个相同词性的词时，则根据上下文逻辑意义；如果均能说得通时，要注意近义辨析。或留到最后，等范围缩小到最小时再轻松收尾。即传统阅读所说的，首遍不行无所谓，文章看完再收尾。同时还要注意在做题过程中用排除法逐渐减少备选词汇，即选择一个划掉一个。
[第五步]复读全文，查漏补缺，核实答案，谨慎调整。
填空完成后，再次复读全文，从整体上核查上下文是否通顺、主谓是否一致、语法结构是否正确、内在逻辑是否连贯等问题，以确保选择的准确性。但值得注意的是，如果考生觉得某些选项需要调整，切忌将自己做出的选择全部
推翻重选，而只能进行谨慎微调，以确保做题的效率。
【善于观察，总结技巧】
【技巧1】词性判断是做选词填空题重要的一步，篇章所需词性的判断，有以下的规律可循。
【名词】
A.名词主要做主语、宾语。
B.形容词或名词都可以修饰名词。
Eg：The hot, humid (潮湿的) air over the ocean causes severe ___49___ thunderstorms.（49可能是形容词，也可能是名词修饰thunderstorms）
C.限定词（the, this, that, a, my之类）后必有名词。
D.谓语动词前必有名词或名词性质的主语。
E.介词后面必有名词。
【公式1】“冠词（a，an，the）/形容词/介词/+及物动词+ ____。”空格处通常应填入名词（动名词）。
【公式2】“____+动词。”空格处通常应填入名词。（即空格处应填人该动词的主语。）
Eg1：Education soon became a _____. 冠词a后面加可数名词的单数形式，正确答案是nightmare，这句话的意思是“教育很快成了一种噩梦。”
Eg2：As the trade winds lessen in _____，the ocean temperatures rise causing the Peru current flowing in from the east to warm up by as much as 5 degrees. （2006-6）介词in后面加名词，正确答案是strength，这句话的意思是“当信风强度减弱的时候，海洋温度上升，导致从东部流入的秘鲁洋流上升了5摄氏度之多。”
【动词】
1.主语后缺谓语动词。
【公式1】“名词/代词+ ____ +名词/代词。”名词/代词作为动词的宾语，空格处应为及物动词。
【公式2】“名词/代词+ ____。”后面没有宾语，空格处就应填不及物动词。【公式3】“名词/代词+ ____ +副词/介词。”空格处就应填不及物动词，与副词/介词构成固定搭配。
【公式4】“名词/代词+ ____ +形容词。”空格处就应填连系动词或be动词。【公式5】“to+ ____。”空格处前有不定式标志to，空格处就应填入动词原形。【公式6】“to+ ____。”空格处前有介词标志to，后面就应填人动名词/名词。
Eg1：He ____ from his teachers，came home in tears and thought about dropping out. 在这句话里，主语是he，本来后面应该有一个动词作谓语，但是这里没有动词，而是在横线后面出现了一个介词短语from his teachers，这样这句话就缺少谓语动词，所以横线上应该填一个动词。正确答案是hid，这句话的意思是“他不愿见老师，哭着回家，想要退学。”
Eg2：That’s why a growing number of hospitals now depend upon physicians who ___ in pain medicine. （2007-6）在这句话里，who___ in pain medicine是physicians的定语从句，这个定语从句的主语是who，后面也没有跟动词作谓语，而是直接出现了一个介词短语in pain medicine，因此横线上应该填一个动词，而physicians是复数，这就决定了who也是复数，这样横线所填的动词应该与主语性数搭配一致。正确答案是specialize，这句话的意思是“这就是为什么，越来越多的医院现在都依赖上了止痛药配给专家。”
2. 当出现“一个完整的句子+ ，____ + 名词/介词”的结构时，逗号后边的部分是伴随状语，表示伴随状态或者表示原因，应当填动词加ing形式或动词加ed 形式。当这个动词与句子主语是主动关系，填动词加ing形式，当两者是被动关系，填动词加ed形式。
Eg：The rainfall is increased across South America,___ floods to Peru. （2006-6）根据独立主格结构原则，应该填动词ing或动词ed，选项中只有bringing符合要求。从意思来看，bring“带来”与rainfall“降雨”之间是主动关系，即“the rainfall brings floods”，所以用bringing无论从意思上还是结构上都符合要求。
3. 横线处如果填谓语动词，往往与上下半句的谓语动词时态一致。
Eg：In particular，when older patients ___ of pain，they were told it was a natural part of aging and they would have to learn to live with it. （2007-6）上半句when 的从句里有主语patients但没有谓语，因此横线处填谓语动词。下半句的谓语动词为were和would都是一般过去时，因此横线里填一个一般过去时的谓语动词。正确答案是complained。
【形容词】
（1）当出现“a/the/the most/more +___+名词”的结构时，横线处通常填形容词。
（2）当出现“___+名词”的结构时，横线处通常填形容词。
（3）当出现“___+副词”的结构时，横线处通常填形容词。
（4）当出现“am/is/are/was/were+___”的结构时，横线处通常填形容词做表语。
Eg1：The 1982-83 EI Nino brought the most _____ weather in modern history. （2006-6）
【解析】the most后面加形容词，表示形容词的最高级。正确答案是destructive。【副词】
1. 当一句话完整的时候，句尾的空往往是副词。
Eg：Today，we lake pain _____. （2007-6）这句话有主语we，谓语lake，宾语pain，表达完整的意思，句尾判断应该填副词。正确答案是seriously。
2.当一句话出现“主语+ ___ +谓语”的情况时，横线处通常填副词。
Eg：In Arizona and Texas，bilingual students ____ outperform their peers in monolingual programs。主语是students，谓语是outperform，两者之间通常填副词。正确答案是consistently。
3.“___ + 动词。”空格处应填入副词。
4.“动词+ ___。”空格处应填入副词。
5.“___ + 形容词。”空格处应填入副词。
【技巧2】用逻辑关系词确定答案
在篇章词汇理解题目中，文章的逻辑关系对于考生把握整篇文章是很重要的，文章的逻辑关系通过一些逻辑关系词体现，可以通过逻辑关系词来确定出一些答案。常见的逻辑关系词如下。
(1)并列关系：and，or，as well as ...
(2)转折关系：but，however，on the contrary，rather than ...
(3)比较关系：as...as，like，similar ...
(4)因果关系：because，for，since，as a result of，therefore，thus ...
(5)举例关系：for example，for instance，such as，and so on ...
(6)递进关系：and，what’s more，moreover，in addition ...
【重点提示】识记“选词填空”选项的重点范围：
01.2006-2013年曾经考过的真题中的复合式听写的单词；
02.2006-2013年曾经考过的真题中的完形填空的选项；
03.2006-2013年曾经考过的真题中的高频词汇。
附录1：英语四级常用后缀
【名词后缀】
（1）-or/er/ess/crat/cis，表示“做某件事情或职业的人或物”worker, debtor （2）-acy, 表示“性质，状态，境遇” democracy, accuracy, diplomacy
（3）-ance, -ence表示“性质，状况，行为，过程，总量，程度” importance, diligence, difference, obedience
（4）-ancy, -ency, 表示“性质，状态，行为，过程” frequency, urgency, efficiency （5）-bility, 表示“动作，性质，状态” possibility, flexibility, feasibility
（6）-dom, 表示“等级，领域，状态” freedom, kingdom, wisdom
（7）-hood, 表示“资格，身份, 年纪，状态”childhood, manhood, falsehood （8）-ion, -sion, -tion, -ation, -ition, 表示“行为的过程，结果，状况” action, solution, conclusion, destruction, expression, correction
（9）-ism, 表示“制度，主义，学说，信仰，行为” socialism, criticism, colloquialism, heroism
（10）-ity, 表示“性质，状态，程度” purity, reality, ability, calamity
（11）-ment, 表示“行为，状态，过程，手段及其结果” treatment, movement, judgment, punishment, argument
（12）-ness, 表示“性质，状态，程度” goodness, kindness, tiredness, friendliness （13）-ship, 表示“情况，性质，技巧，技能及身份，职业” hardship, membership, friendship
（14）-th, 表示“动作，性质，过程，状态” depth, wealth, truth, length, growth （15）-tude, 表示“性质，状态，程度” latitude, altitude(海拔)
（16）-ure, 表示“行为，结果” exposur e, pressure, failure,
procedure(手续)
（17）-grapy, 表示“……学，写法” biography, calligraphy, geography
（18）-ic, ics, 表示“……学……法” logic, mechanics, electronics, linguistics （19）-ology, 表示“……学……论”biology, zoology, technology
（20）-nomy, 表示“……学……术” astronomy, economy, bi onomy (生态学) 【形容词后缀】
（1）-able, -ible, visible, flexible
（2）名词-ish, foolish, bookish, selfish (注意accomplish, vanish是动词)
（3）-ive, active, sensitive, productive
（4）-like, manlike, childlike
（5）名词-ly, manly, fatherly, scholarly, motherly
（6）-some, troublesome, handsome
（7）-ful, beautiful, wonderful, helpful, truthful
（8）-ous, dangerous, generous, courageous, various
（9）-ent, violent
（10）-most, foremost, topmost
（11）-less, 表示否定，countless, stainless, wireless
【动词后缀】
（1）-ize, ise, 表示“做成，变成，……化”modernize, mechanize, democratize, organize
（2）-en, 表示“使成为，引起，使有” quicken, weaken, soften, harden
（3）-fy, 表示“使……化, 使成”beautify, purify, intensify, signify, simplify
（4）-ish, 表示“使，令” finish, abolish, diminish, establish
（5）-ate, 表示“成为……，处理，作用” separate, operate, indicate
【副词后缀】
（1）(形容词)-ly：
bad→badly坏地/恶劣地，careful→carefully小心地
（2）-wise：
clock→clockwise(a./adv.)顺时针方向的(地)，like→likewise同样地
（3）-wards：
out→outwards向外面地，north→northwards向北方地
【真题演练】
【A组】
Section A
Questions 47 to 56 are based on the following passage.
When Carly Fiorina became Hewlett-Packard’s first female chief executive officer, the existence of her househusband, Frank Fiorina, who had retired early from AT&T to support her career, was a mini-sensation (小轰动); now this arrangement isn’t 47 at all. Seven of the 18 women who are 48 CEOs, of Fortune 500 companies — including Xerox’s Ursula Burns and PepsiCo’s Indra Nooyi — have, or at some point have had, a stay-at-home husband. So do scores of 49 CEOs of smaller companies and women in other senior executive jobs.
This role change is 50 more and more as women edge past men at work. Women now
51 a majority of jobs in the U.S., including 51.4 percent of managerial and professional UUU
52 , according to U.S. Census Bureau data. Sme 23 percent of wives now earn more than their husband. And this earnings trend is more dramatic among younger people. Women 30 and under make more money, on 53 , than their male counterparts (年龄相当的人) in many large cities in the U.S.
During the recent 54 , three men lost their jobs for every woman. Many unemployed fathers have ended up caring for their children full-time while their wives are the 55 wage earners. The number of men in the U.S. who 56 care of children under age five increased to 32 percent in 2010 from 19 percent in 1998, according to Census figures.
注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。
【B组】
Section A
Questions 47 to 56 are based on the following passage.
French fries, washed down with a pint of soda, are a favorite part of fast-food lunches and dinners for millions of American youngsters. But 47 a cue from health experts, a group of 19 restaurant companies are pledging to offer more-healthful menu options for children at a time when 48 is growing over the role of fast food in childhood obesity (肥胖症).
Burger King, the nation’s second-largest fast food chain, for instance, will 49 automatically including French fries and soda in its kids’ meals starting this month, although they will still be
50 .Instead, the company said Tuesday, its employees will ask parents whether they 51 such options as milk or sliced apples before assembling the meals. “We’re asking the customers to
52 what they want,” said Craig Prusher, the chain’s vice president of government relations. Other participating chains, with a 53 of menu options, including Denny’s, Chili’s, Friendly’s and Chevy’s.
As part of the Kids Live Well campaign-expected to be announced 54 Wednesday —participating restaurants must promise to offer at least one children’s meal that has fewer than 600 calories (卡路里), no soft drinks and at least two 55 from the following food groups: fruits, vegetables, whole grains, lean proteins or low-fat dairy. Among other requirements, they must offer a side dish that meets similar 56 ; with fewer than 200 calories and less than 35% of its calories from sugar.
注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。
【参考答案】
【A组】47. O 48. D 49. G 50. J 51. H 52. K 53. B 54. M 55. L 56. N 【B组】47. N 48. D 49. M 50 B 51. I 52. L 53. O 54. G 55. F 56. E
新英语四级改革选词填空(2)
When we think of green buildings, we tend to think of new ones-the kind of high-tech, solar-paneled masterpieces that make the covers of architecture magazines. But the US has more than 100 million existing homes, and it would be __1__ wasteful to tear them all down and __2__ them with greener versions. An enormous amount of energy and resources went into the construction of those houses. And it would take an average of 65 years for the __3__ carbon emissions from a new energy-efficient home to make up for the resources lost by destroying an old one. So in the broadest __4__, the greenest home is the one that has already been built. But at the same time, nearly half of US carbon emissions come from heating, cooling and __5__ our homes, offices and other buildings. "You can't deal with climate change without dealing with existing building," says Richard Moe, the president of the National Trust. With some __6__, the oldest homes tend to be the least energy-efficient. Houses built before 1939 use about 50% more energy per square foot than those built after 2000, mainly due to the tiny cracks and gaps that __7__ over time and let in more outside air. Fortunately, there are a __8__ number of relatively simple changes that can green older homes, from __9__ ones like Lincoln's Cottage to your own postwar home. And efficiency upgrades (升级) can save more than just the earth; they can help __10__ property owners from rising power costs. [A] accommodations [B] clumsy [C] doubtfully [D] exceptions [E] expand [F] historic [G] incredibly [H] powering [I] protect [J] reduced [K] replace [L] sense [M] shifted [N] supplying [O] vast
大学英语四级阅读选词填空模拟题答案解析
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