鲁教版初一英语下知识点总结

鲁教版初一英语下知识点总结
鲁教版初一英语下知识点总结

【教学过程】

Step1

1.when 引导的疑问句

在when 引导的疑问句中,when被称作特殊疑问词,这种问句被称作特殊疑问句。when 是疑问副词,用于询问时间,意为“什么时候”。其句型结构为“特殊疑问词when+一般疑问句”。例如:

When is your birthday?你的生日是什么时候?

注意:英语中,特殊疑问句的答语一般不用yes或no。

2.序数词

表示次序的数词叫序数词,是由基数词变化而来的。

1 one -----first

2 two------second

3 three----third

其余的序数词是由基数词后加-th 变化而来。

几个特殊变化的序数词

1 five----fifth

2 twelve----twelfth

3 eight----eighth

4 nine----ninth

整十的序数词把y 变成i加-e th

1 twenty----twentieth

2 thirty----thirtieth

3 forty----fortieth

4 fifty -----fiftieth

几十几的序数词,十位数不变,个位数变成序数词。

1. twenty-one 21----twenty-first 21st

2.thirty-two 32-----thirty-second 32nd

3.ninety-nine 99----ninety-ninth 99th

Step2

1.名词所有格

英语名词所有格有两种:'s属格和of属格。 1.名词的所有格表示名词的所有关系,有两种形式。A.由名词后加's或' 构成,多用来表示有生命的人或动物。B.由介系词of加名词构成,多用来表示无生命的人或动物。

(1)'s所有格的用法:

a)主要用于有生命的名词,例如:my brother's books, Mary's boyfriend, shee p's skin.

b)用于地理、国家机关、城市等名词,例如:Beijing's future, the government's dec ision.

c)用于时间、价值、距离、重量等名词,例如:today's assignment, ten dollars' wort h, five miles' distance, twenty pounds' weight.

d)表示理发店、商店等名词或一些习惯用法,例如:at the butcher's, at one's wit's end.

(2)of所有格的用法:主要用于表示无生命的名词,例如:the door of the house, a ma p of China.

(3)双重属格的用法:主要用来表示人的所有关系,例如:a friend of my brother's, two plays of Shakespeare's, some children of Mr. Brown's, these ideas of yours, th ose dirty shoes of James'.双重属格的名词前不能用the和one来修饰。

(4)特殊所有格若一样东西为两人共有,后一个人名用所有格;如果不是两人共有,而是各有各的,则两个名词都用所有格,且其后名词应为复数。

例如:The woman dressed in blue is Mary and Alice's mother.You should find what the difference between Mr. Smith's and Mr. Black's cars is.

举个例子:

I walked too much yesterday and____ are still aching now.

A) my leg's muscles B) my muscles of leg

C) my leg muscles D) my muscle's of the leg

本题为名词作定语,不用所有格形式,故正确答案为C。

类似的用法还有:a woman doctor, a straw hat, a paper cover.

2.相关中考题

(1)(2011年雅安)September is _____month of the year.

A ninth

B nine

C the nine

D the ninth

解析:考查序数词的用法。句意为:9月是一年中的第9个月份。强调第九个月,用序数词,序数词,序数词前加the。所以选D the ninth

(2)(2011年宿迁)I was born_____the morning ____February 25th 1997.

A in;of

B on;in

C in;in

D on;of

解析:考查介词的用法。具体到某天的早、午、晚用of。所以选D on;of

(3)(2011年广西)There ____more cars now in our country.

A have

B are

C is

D has

解析:考查there be 句型。There be表示”有“,不能用there have。句中的主语是more cars,可数名词的复数形式,所以选B. are

【教学过程】

Step1

一般现在时

一般现在时是表示现在经常反复发生的动作、存在的状态或习惯性的动作的时态。一般现在时用行为动词的原形,但第三人称单数作主语时,动词的词尾要加-S。(一般的动词词尾+S。以sh/ch/s/x结尾的词+es.以辅音字母Y结尾的把Y变成i,+es。辅音字母+o结尾的+es.)

形式:主语+动词原形+宾语

用法:1.表示经常的或习惯性的动作,常与表示频度的时间状语连用。

2.表示主语具备的性格、能力和特征。

3.表示现在的状态。

4.表示客观事实和普遍真理。

5.在时间状语从句和条件状语从句中,常用一般现在时代替将来时。

6.表示预先计划或安排好的行为。

7.小说故事用一般现在时代替一般过去时。

8.有些表示状态和感觉的动词表示现在发生的具体行为时,只用一般现在时,而不用进行时态。

9.表示现在发生的具体动作或存在的状态

一般现在时的用法:

(1)经常性或习惯性的动作,常与表示频度的时间状语连用。时间状语有:always, usually,regularly,every morning/night/evening/day/week,often,sometimes,occasionally,from time to time,twice a week,rarely,seldom,once a month hardly ever,never.

I leave home for school at 7 every morning.

(2)客观真理,客观存在,科学事实的时候用一般现在时

The earth moves around the sun.

Shanghai lies in the east of China.

(3)表示格言或警句中。

Pride goes before a fall. 骄者必败。

注意:此用法如果出现在宾语从句中,即使主句是过去时,从句谓语也要用一般现在时。例:Columbus proved that the earth is round..

(4)现在时刻的状态、能力、性格、个性。

I don't want so much.

Ann Wang writes good English but does not speak well.

(5).表示按规定、计划或时间表将要发生的事。

He starts next week.

他下个星期出发。

We leave very soon.

我们很快就离开。

The train starts at 10 o'clock in the morning.

火车将在早上10点开出。

这类用法限于表示“移动”的动词:go去,come来,leave离开,start出发,begin开始,arrive到达,take off起飞,等。

一般现在时Be动词情况

am,is,are也可以做一般现在时的助动词

例如:I am a student.

一般现在时表将来:

(1)下列动词:come, go, arrive, leave, start, begin, return,live,fly的一般现在时表将来。这主要用来表示在时间上已确定或安排好的事情。

The train leaves at six tomorrow morning.

When does the bus start? It starts in ten minutes.

(2)倒装句,表示动作正在进行,如:

Here comes the bus. = The bus is coming.

There goes the bell. = The bell is ringing.

(3)在时间或条件句中。

When Bill comes (不是will come), ask him to wait for me.

I'll write to you as soon as I arrive there.

(4)在动词hope, take care that, make sure that等后。

I hope they have a nice time next week.

Make sure that the windows are closed before you leave the room.

Step2

1.I want to see an action movie.我想看一部动作片。

see, look, watch与read的区别

look,see,watch,read,这四个词都有“看”的意思,但是“看”法不同:

look指集中注意力地看,是有意的,强调“看”的动作。单独使用时,用来引起对方的注意;如果跟宾语,要和at连用。例如:

Look! Tom is over there.看!汤姆在那儿。

Look at the blackboard, please.请看黑板。

see强调“看”的结果,意为“看见、看到”。例如:

How many birds can you see in the tree?你能看到树上有多少只鸟儿?

watch强调“专注地看”,有欣赏的意味,常用于看电视、看球赛等。例如:

Do you watch TV at night?你晚上看电视吗?

read指“看”时实指“阅读”,常用于看书、看报等。例如:

I like reading at home.我喜欢在家看书。

2.相关中考题

1.【2011重庆】Betty will ring me up when she _______ in Beijing.

A. arrive

B. arrives

C. arrived

D. will arrive

答案B

解析:考查动词时态。时间状语从句中,如果主句和从句的动作都发生在将来,从句时态要用一般现在时表示将来。故选B。

2.【2011?兰州】The population of the world still now.

A. will; grow

B. has; grown

C. is; growing

D. is; grown

答案:C

解析:现在进行时态的用法。句意“现在世界的人口数量还在不断增长”,因此选C

3.【2011湖南怀化】Listen, our teachers ______ Red Songs in the next room.

A. sang

B. are singing

C. sings

答案:B

解析:动词时态。listen是现在进行时的标志,得出答案B。

4.【2011桂林】Look! The boys _______ football on the playground.

A. plays

B. play

C. are playing

D. played

答案:C

解析:动词的时态的用法。在句首出现look,listen等表示引起注意的词,动词用现在进行时,表示正在发生的动作。因此选C

5.【河北省2011】I my homework, I guess I can't join you.

A. don't finish

B. didn't finish

C. haven't finished

D. won't finish

【答案】A

解析:考查现在完成时。句意为“我猜想我不能加入你们,因为到现在我还没有完成作业”,从过去时间一直持续到现在,用现在完成时态表示。故选C。

6 【2011四川南充】Today is Women's Day. My father and I________ a special gift for my mother now.

A. make

B. made

C. are making

答案:C

解析:考查动词时态。由时间状语now知,应该用现在进行时态。

7.【2011广西崇左】----Where is Michael?

----He ____ TV at home, I think.

A. watches

B. watched

C. is watching

D. was watching

解析:C 考查点:考察时态。解题思路:根据句意:Michael在哪里?我想他在家……。句问

be(is/am/are)+doing。故选C。

【教学过程】

Step1

1.情态动词can

(1)表能力,意为“会,能”,例如:

I can speak English.

(2)表推测(惊讶、怀疑,不相信的态度),意为“可能”,一般用于否定句和感叹句中。是本能上的推测。例如:

Can this be true?

This can't be done by him.

(3)表示请求,允许,意为“可以”例如:

Can you come to the movies with us on Friday?

(4)表示客观可能性(客观原因形成的能力)例如:

They hall can hold 500 people at least.

2.Can she speak English?

辨析:speak,say,talk 与tell的区别

这四个动词都有“说话”的含义,含义,但侧重点和具体的用法各不相同。

speak比较庄重,表示某人(即讲者)在一段对话中所说的话较其它人多。

例如:

Tom, your boss wants to speak to you.

Talk不及speak庄重,而且多用于说话,少用于书写。Talk表示两个或更多的人在对话。例如:The students were talking loudly in the classroom, in the very presence of the teacher.

当宾语是一种语言时,要用speak 不用talk 或say:

例如:Victor speaks fluentPutonghua.

在书面英语,talk 极少用作及物动词,除非在talk 后接用以下的宾语:

Stop talking nonsense.

They are talking business again.

若不是接用上列的宾语,talk 后必需接用前置词about。

例如:Betty and Susan are talking about the trip to London.

Say通常跟讲者所说的话一起使用,不论是直述句或陈述句:

Please say hello / thank you to your mum.

What did your father say when you told him about your plan to get married? 'I cant believe it,' he said. He said that he could not believe it.

可是,say 有时也可用于一些非直述句或陈述句中。

例如:I want you to say something about how we met at our wedding party.

注意something about how we met并不是用于引述别人所说的真实语句。

另一方面,tell 并不是用于引述别人所说的话语,而是表达别人的说话中所述的事实或资料:

He told me about the accident.

He told his parents the truth.

He told us a funny story.

在陈述命令句中,应用tell 而不用say:

'Keep quiet,' the teacher said to the students.

The teacher told the students to keep quiet.

Step2

1.Can you help kids with swimming?

help 用法

1. help sb. to do sth. 帮助某人做某事。例如:

Can you help me to learn English ? 你能帮助我学英语吗?

I can't help you to lift this stone. 我不能帮你搬这块石头。

2. be of some/ no/ much help to sb. 对某人有些/ 没有/ 很有帮助。例如:

This book is of great help to me. 这本书对我很有帮助。

Is this magazine of any help to you ? 这本杂志对你有些帮助吗?

3. help oneself (to )自用(食物等)。例如:

Help yourself to the fish. 请随便吃鱼。

Please help yourself to some pork. 请随便吃点肉。

4. help sb. into/ out of 搀扶某人进入/ 走出。例如:

He helped the patient out of the hospital. 他搀扶病人走出了医院。

Can you help the patient into the hospital ? 你能搀扶病人进医院吗?

5. help sb. out 帮助某人克服困难,渡过难关、解决问题、完成工作。例如:

When I'm in trouble, he always helps me out with money. 每当我处境困难时,他总是用金钱帮助我渡过难关。

Please help me out with this problem. 请帮我解这道试题。

6. with the help of 在……帮助下。例如:

With the help of her, he found his lost child. 在她的帮助下,他找到了失踪的小孩。

7. help sb. with sth. 帮助某人做某事。例如:

Please help me with my French. 请帮我学法语。

Can you help him with this work ? 你能帮助他完成这项工作吗?

8. help to do sth. 有助于做某事。例如:

This program helps to improve our English. 这个计划有助于我们提高英语成绩。

His speech helps to understand the policy. 他的演讲有助于理解这个政策。

9. 还有can't 与help的用法

can't help do sth 没有能力去帮助...做某事.

can't help doing sth 情不自禁做某事

2 相关中考题

(1) (2009·苏州中考) It is usually warm in my hometown in March, but it _______ be rather cold sometimes.

A. must

B. can

C. should

D. would

【解析】选B 句意“我家乡三月天通常会很暖和,但是有时候会相当冷。Can 表能力“会”,所以选B. can

(2)(2009·泰安中考) -Listen! Is Professor Johnson giving a report in the hall?

-No, it be him. He has gone to Japan.

A. needn’t

B. may not

C. mustn’t

D. can’t

【解析】选D。本题考查can’t表示否定的推测。四个选项都是情态动词的否定形式,分别意为“不能;不可能”、“千万不能”、“应该”、“可以;可能”。结合关键信息“He has gone to Japan.”可知“他不可能是约翰教授”应选D。

(3)(2009重庆市) –Can you play the piano?

-Yes, I _______. I often practice it on weekends.

A. needn’t

B. need

C. can’t

D. can

【解析】选D。以can 引导的一般疑问句再作肯定回答时还是用can。

(4) (2009·北京市) -______ you swim?

-Yes, but I’m not a good swimmer.

A. Can

B. May

C. Need

D. Must

【解析】选A。考查情态动词can的用法。结合题意“你会游泳吗?”“是的,但是我不是一个好游泳员”可排除B、C、D三项,选A。

5. (2008·长沙中考) -Is Lucy knocking at the door?

-No. It ________ be Lucy. She is in Japan now.

A. needn’t

B. must

C. can’t

【解析】选C。考查情态动词can’t表示推测的用法。can’t表示否定的推测;must表示肯定的推测。由题意“不可能是露西,她现在在日本”可知应选C。

【教学过程】

Step1

1.实义动词do与助动词do

在英语中,do是一个广泛使用的动词,它既可以用作实义动词,又常常用作助动词。(1)do作实义动词时,可表示多种含义

①表示“做,为,实行”例如:

Can I do anything for you?

②表示“履行;尽(义务等);做完或办好(工作等);解决(问题等)例如:

His father did overtime yesterday.

③表示”做。。。工作;从事。。。职业;研究。。。学问“例如:

What does the old man do for a living?

④表示”益处或害处;给。。。;给予例如:Crying does no good

⑤表示“做事;生活;(事情)进行。例如:Jack is doing well at school.

(2)do 作助动词时,可以构成疑问句、否定句,为了避免与前面的动词(短语)重复时

也可以常用。

①用于构成疑问句。这时要和be动词、助动词以外的实义动词原形连用。例如:

What time does he often have lunch?

②用于构成否定句。这时也与be动词、助动词以外的实义动词的原形连用。若用于祈使句时,则可以与be连用。例如:

I don't know his telephone number.

③为了避免与前面的动词(短语)重复时,可以使用助动词do。例如:

His father can cook as well as his mother does.

2.感叹句

由感叹词what引导的感叹句。

what修饰名词或名词短语,有以下两种形式:

(1)What+a(an)+(形容词)+单数可数名词+主语+谓语!或是:What+名词词组+主语+谓语!如:What an apple this is! What a fine day it is!

(2.)What+(形容词)+可数名词复数或不可数名词+主语+谓语!

What kind women they are! What nice music it is!

由How引导的感叹句。

how用来修饰形容词、副词或动词。其结构是:How+形容词(副词)+主语+谓语!

How hard the workers are working!

How clever the girl is!

How quickly the boy is writing!

注意:当how修饰动词时,动词不跟着感叹词提到主语之前。

How the runner runs!

what与how引导的感叹句,一般情况下可以相互转换,转换后意义不变。如:What an interesting story it is!==How interesting the story is!

what a beautiful building it is!==How beautiful the building is!

在口语中,感叹句的主语和谓语常常省略。如:

What a nice present!(省略it is)

How disappointed!(省略she is或其它可作本句主、谓的词语)

关于感叹句what 和how 的区别:

一、由"what"引导的感叹句:"what"意为"多么"用作定语,修饰名词(被强调部分),单数可数名词前要加不定冠词a/an,复数可数名词或不可数名词前不用冠词。这类句子的结构形式是:what+(a/an)+adj.+n.+主语+谓语+(it is).

如:①What a clever girl she is! 多么聪明的姑娘呀!

二、由"how"引导的感叹句:"how"意为"多么",用作状语,修饰形容词或副词(被强调部分)。如果修饰形容词,则句中的谓语动词用系动词;如果how修饰副词,则句中的谓语动词用行为动词,这类句子的结构形式是:How+adj.(adv.)+主语+谓语+(it is).

如:How cold it is today! 今天多么冷呀!

三、在表示同一意义时,英语感叹既可用"what"引导,也可用"how"引导。如:

What a hot day it is! How hot the day is !

感叹句在表示激动强烈的感情时,口语中常常采用省略句,其后面的主语和谓语往往略去不讲。如:What a fine day! 多么晴朗的天呀!

Step2 相关中考题

1. (2009·福州中考) –We will build a subway in Fuzhou before 2014.

-Wow, ________! Will it pass our place?

A. what an excited news

B. how excited the news is

C. what exciting news

D. how exciting news

解析:选C

2. (2009·兰州中考) -Dad, do you like my picture?

-_________! It’s the nicest one I’ve ever seen!

A. What beautiful

B. How careful

C. How wonderful

D. What wonderful picture

解析:选C。考查how引导的感叹句。修饰形容词时要用how,先排除A;另D选项中picture 是可数名词,其前要加不定冠词a,也要排除;结合关键信息“It’s the nicest one I’ve ever

seen!”所以选C。

3. (2009·连云港中考) –Look, ________ dirty the water is!

-Yes, we should really take some actions to deal with it.

A. what a

B. what

C. how

D. how a

解析:选C

4. (2009·山东中考) –The 11th National Games will be held in Shandong in October, 2009.

-________ exciting news!

A. How

B. What

C. How an

D. What an

解析:选D。考查what引导的感叹句。判断感叹句的引导词时,如果主语前有名词就用what;反之,如果主语前没有名词就用how。修饰名词news要用what,先排除A、C二项;另因为news是不可数是名词,所以不能用不定冠词an,所以选B。

5. (2009·兰州中考) -Dad, do you like my picture?

-________! It’s the nicest one I’ve ever seen!

A. What beautiful

B. How careful

C. How wonderful

D. What wonderful picture

【解析】选C。考查how引导的感叹句。修饰形容词时要用how,先排除A;另D选项中picture是可数名词,其前要加不定冠词a,也要排除;结合关键信息“It’s the nicest one I’ve ever seen!”可舍B选C。

6.(2009·河北中考) Mary got good grades in school. ________ excited she is!

A. What

B. What a

C. How

D. How a

【解析】选C。考查how引导的感叹句。因为主语she前面没有名词,先排除A、B二项;另结合关键词excited,所以选C。

7. (2008·南通中考) “________ you’ve made! But you should work still harder,” the teacher said to the boy.

A. What a big mistake

B. How big mistakes

C. What great progress

D. How great progress

【解析】选C。考查what引导的感叹句。progress是不可数名词,其前不能用a修饰。

8. (2008·南京中考) ________ dangerous it is to ride fast on a busy road !

A. What

B. What a

C. How

D. How a

【解析】选C。考查how引导的感叹句。how修饰形容词dangerous。

【教学过程】

Step1

1.一般疑问句与特殊疑问句

一般疑问句

用Yes或No作答的疑问句叫一般疑问句。一般疑问句还有下列特点:1、以be动词、助动词或情态动词开头;例:Is your father a teacher? Does Catherine like animals? Can Jenny speak French?2、往往读升调;3、译成汉语,都可以带上“吗”,例如上面三句可分别译为:你父亲是老师吗?凯瑟琳喜欢动物吗?詹妮会说法语吗?

要将陈述句变成一般疑问句,可以遵循下列步骤:

1.看句中有没有be动词(am、is、are、)助动词(do、does、have、)或情态动词(can、must、will、may等),如果有,将其提到句首,句末打上问号即可。

例:It was rainy yesterday.

→Was it rainy yesterday?

Tom's father can play the piano.

→Can Tom's father play the piano?

I have finished my homework.

→Have you finished your homework?

2.如果句中没有be动词、助动词或情态动词,则根据谓语动词的形式借助do的相应形式放在句首。具体方法是:如果谓语动词是原形,则借do;如果谓语动词是一般现在时第三人称单数形式,则借does;如果谓语动词是过去式,则借did. 需要注意的是,借does 或did后,原句的谓语动词要变回原形。

例:They go to school by bike. →Do they go to school by bike?

Bill gets up at 6:30 every day. →Does bill gets up at 6:30 every day?

The students saw a film yesterday. →Did the students see a film yesterday?

特殊疑问句

以疑问词开头,对句中某一成分提问的句子叫特殊疑问句。常用的疑问词有:what who whose which when where how why等。

特殊疑问句有两种语序:

①如疑问词作主语或主语的定语,即对主语或主语的定语提问,其语序是陈述句的语序:疑问词(+主语)+谓语动词+其他成分?如:

who is singing in the room﹖

whose bike is broken﹖

②如疑问词作其他成分,即对其他成分提问,其语序是:疑问词+一般疑问句语序?如:what class are you in﹖What does she look like﹖

Where are you from﹖What time does he get up every morning﹖

How do you know﹖

特殊疑问词+助动词+主语+动词原形+其他?

eg:Where do you do study English?

特殊疑问词+be动词+主语+其他?

eg:Why is your Mum so angry?

特殊疑问词+情态动词+主语+动词原形+其他?

eg:What can I do for you?

注意:

1.回答特殊疑问句时,不能用yes /no,即问什么答什么,尤其是简略回答。如:Who is from Canada﹖

Helen (is).

Where's the restaurant﹖Near the station.

Why do you like koalas﹖Because they are cute.

Step2 系动词

系动词,本身有词义,但不能单独用作谓语,后边必须跟表语(形容词),构成系表结构说明主语的状况、性质、特征等情况。

有些系动词又是实义动词,该动词表达实义时,有词义,可单独作谓语,例如:

He feel ill yesterday. 他昨天病了。(feel是系动词,后跟补足语,说明主语情况。)

分类

1)状态系动词

用来表示主语性质或状态,只有be一词,例如:

He is a teacher. 他是一名教师。(表示主语的身份--性质)

He is ill. 他病了。(表示主语的状态)

2)持续系动词

用来表示主语继续或保持一种状况或态度,主要有keep, rest, remain, stay, lie, stand, 例如:He always kept silent at meeting. 他开会时总保持沉默。

This matter rests a mystery. 此事仍是一个谜。

3)表像系动词

用来表示"看起来像"这一概念,主要有seem, appear, look, 例如:

He looks tired. 他看起来很累。

He seems (to be) very sad. 他看起来很伤心。

4)感官系动词

感官系动词主要有feel, smell, sound, taste, 例如:

This kind of cloth feels very soft. 这种布手感很软。

This flower smells very sweet. 这朵花闻起来很香。

5)变化系动词

这些系动词表示主语变成什么样,变化系动词主要有become, grow, turn, fall, get, go, come, run.

例如She grew rich within a short time. 她没多长时间就富了。

6)终止系动词

表示主语已终止动作,主要有prove, turn out, 表达"证实","变成"之意,例如:

The rumor proved false. 这谣言证实有假。

The search proved difficult. 搜查证实很难。

His plan turned out a success. 他的计划终于成功了。(turn out表终止性结果)

注意

系动词本身有一定的词义,不能单独作谓语,后面必须与表语连用。复习系动词时,必须注意以下几个问题:

1. be是最重要的系动词,主语不同,be的形式也不同,且有时态的变化。

通常表示主语的特征、状态和身份等,后面接形容词、副词、名词、介词短语、不定式、v-ing、过去分词及表语从句作表语。

特别要注意“由be+过去分词”所构成的系表结构与“由be+过去分词”所构成的被动语态的区别。

前者侧重于表示主语的特征或所处的状态,通常没有由by引导的介词短语。

如:The door was closed.

后者侧重于强调主语是谓语动词所示动作的承受者,表示动作;句中可以用由by引导的介词短语。如:The door was closed by me.

还要注意“由be+ V-ing所构成的系表结构与“由be+ V-ing”所构成的进行时态的区别。

前者侧重于说明主语具有的特征或存在的状态,也可说明主语是什么。如:My job is teaching English.

后者侧重于强调主语正在做某事。如:Mr Wang is reading an evening paper now.

2. 要注意由行为动词转化成的系动词。

表示人体感官的系动词有sound,taste,look,feel,smell等,后面接形容词;

表示主语从一种状态转变到另一种状态的系动词有become,get,go,turn,run,grow,come,fall,prove等,后面接形容词、名词或to be+形容词,become后面接单数名词时,名词前要用不定冠词,turn后面接单数名词时,名词前不用不定冠词;

表示主语继续或保持某种身份、特征或状态的系动词有continue,keep,remain,stay,stand lie,rest,stay等,后面接表示状态的形容词;

表示判断的系动词有seem和appear,后面接形容词、to be+名词或形容词、that-clause、不定式等。

3. 要注意系动词的固定搭配。常见的有come true, fall asleep, fall ill, go bad, come right, run wild, wear thin, turn nasty等。

4. 要特别注意某些动词既可以做系动词,又可以做实意动词的用法。

系动词部分主要注意:其后要求接形容词,而不是副词做表语。遇到这种情况,只能先根据其意思判断清楚到底是前者还是后者,然后再对后面的词性和词义做出正确判断和选择。以taste一词为例:

The newly-invented soft drinking tastes quite unique.(这种新研制的软饮料尝起来挺独特的。注意:在这句话里,taste做系动词,不能使用进行时,后面接形容词。)The chef is tasting the fish carefully.(厨师长正在品尝这道鱼。注意:在这句话中,taste 做实意动词,可以使用进行时,并且后面接副词做状语。)

Step3 相关考试题

1. —What is Mr Wang like?

—____.

A. He is a teacher

B. He is old and kind

C. He looks like a balloon

D. He likes English

选B What’s...like?是询问人或事物的性质特征情况的交际用语,答语中常含有说明性质特征情况的形容词。

2. What Mr White said sounds____.

A. friendly

B. wonderfully

C. pleasantly

D. nicely

选A sound表示“听起来”,后面接形容词作表语,答案B、C、D均为副词。

3. The poor boy ____ blind at the age of three.

A. turned

B. goes

C. became

D. went

选D若人或事物的情况变化是永久性的或难以扭转的坏变化时,用系动词go表示。

4. When he was a child he____ .

A. grew patience

B. was alive

C. ran wild

D. came true

选C run wild是固定搭配,表示“放荡不羁”。

5. His voice____ as if he has a cold.

A. sounds

B. listens

C. hears

D. seems

选 A sound表示“听起来”,后面接as if 引导的表语从句,表示对主语所表示的特征、状态或性质作出的反应及判断。

6. This shirt___ as if it is made of cotton.

A. is

B. looks

C. feels

D. seems

选 C feel作系动词用时,表示“(东西)摸上去令人有某种感觉”。

7. He looks ___ he hadn’t had a good meal for a month

A. that

B. as if

C. when

D. so far

选B as if引导表语从句时,从句谓语动作发生在主句谓语动作之前,从句谓语用过去完成式。

8. It ____that he was late for the train.

A. looks

B. turns

C. gets

D. Seems

选D “ It seems that…” 表示“看起来……”。是固定句型,强调根据一定的事实所得出的一种接近于实际情况的判断。

初中英语知识点总结重点要看的

初中复习资料 目录英语词组总结for 和1.比较since 的四种用法2.since 延续动词与瞬间动词3. 重点部分提要词汇一. 单词⑴ 2冠词a / an / the: 3.some和any 4.family 5. little的用法 三. 语法 1. 名词所有格 2. 祈使句 1.英语构词法汇 2.英语语法汇总及练习 第1讲:名词 第2讲:代词 第3讲:形容词

第4讲:副词 第5讲:动词 第6讲:不定式 第7讲介词 第8讲:连词 第9讲:时态一 第10讲:时态(二) 第11讲:动词语态 第12讲:句子种类(一) 第13讲:句子的种类(二) 讲:宾语从句14第 第15讲:状语从句There be句型与中考试题第17讲ABC 被动语态复习第18讲 【初中英语词组总结】1 (see 、hear 、notice 、find 、feel 、listen to 、look at (感官动词)+do eg:I like watching monkeys jump 2 (比较级and 比较级)表示越来越怎么样 3 a piece of cake =easy 小菜一碟(容易)

4 agree with sb 赞成某人 5 all kinds of 各种各样 a kind of 一样 6 all over the world = the whole world 整个世界 7 along with同……一道,伴随……eg : I will go along with you我将和你一起去 the students planted trees along with their teachers 学生同老师们一起种树 8 As soon as 一怎么样就怎么样 9 as you can see 你是知道的 10 ask for ……求助向…要…(直接接想要的东西) 11 ask sb for sth 向某人什么 12 ask sb to do sth 询问某人某事ask sb not to do 叫某人不要做某事 13 at the age of 在……岁时 14 at the beginning of …………的起初;……的开始 15 at the end of +地点/+时间最后;尽头;末尾 16 at this time of year 在每年的这个时候 17 be /feel confident of sth /that clause +从句感觉/对什么有信心,自信 18 be + doing 表:1 现在进行时2 将来时 19 be able to (+ v 原) = can (+ v 原)能够…… 21 be afraid to do (of sth 恐惧,害怕……

鲁教版七年级的英语下册常考知识点汇总.doc

鲁教版七年级英语下册常考知识点汇总 find out 2.be ready to 3.dress up 4.take one' s place 5.do a good job 6.try/do one' s best 7.learn from 8.a pair of 9.let sb. do sth.10.plan to do sth. 11.hope to do sth. 12..happen to do sth. 13.expect to do sth.14.how about doing ?15.be ready to do sth. 愿意迅速做某事;准备做某事 16.try /do one ' s best to do sth.17.be interested in sth./doing sth.18.what do you think of.....?=how do you like of ...?你认为 ...怎么样?19.have a discussion about20.something enjoyable令人愉快的动东西,(形容词 作不定代词的后置短语) 21.stop to do sth.停下来去做某事 22.stop doing sth.停 止做某事 23.forget to do sth.忘记做某事(事情还没有做) 24.forget doing sth.忘记 做过某事(事情做了) 25.remember to do sth. 记住做某事(事情没做) 26.remember doing sth.记住做过某事(事情做了)27.try to do sth. 设法做某事 28.try doing sth.尝试做某事 28.grow up 29.make sure 30.be sure about /of +名词 / 动名词,对 ...有把握;确信 31.write down (动 +副)写下;记下形容词 / 副词 +to+动词原形,太 ...以至于不能 ..36.agree with sb.37.send ...to...38.be able to+动 词原形 =can+动词原形能...39.different kinds of+名词复数,各种各样的 40.at the beginning of ...41.want to do sth. 42.be going to +动词原形打算做某事 43.practice doing sth.44.keep on doing sth.不断地做某事,(动作的反复); keep doing sth. (表示动作或状态的持续) 45.learn to do sth. 46.finish doing sth.47.promise to do sth. 48.help sb.(to) do sth.49.agree to do sth. 50 love to do sth.51 send sb.sth.=send sth. to sb.把某物送 / 寄给某人 52.send for 派人去请 第三单元 . 1.will+动词原形将要做 ...2.fewer/more+ 可数名词复数更少 / 更多 ...3.less /more+ 不可数名词更少 / 更多 ...4.try to do sth. 尽力做某事 5.不得不做某事 6.have to do sth.6.agree with sb.同意某人的意见 7.参与某事 play a pary in doing sth. 8让.某人 做某事 make sb. do sth.9.help sb.with sth.帮助某人做某事10.将会有 ...there will be +主语 +其他 11.有...正在做某事 there is/are +sb./sth._+doing sth. 12.it is +形容 词+for sb.+to do sth.做某事对某人来说是 ...13.spend+时间 / 金钱 +on sth. 在...上 花费时间或金钱 14.spend+时间或金钱 + ( in) doing sth.花费时间或金钱做某事 常考短语 .1 参与 play a part 2.多次;反复地 over and over again 3.许多;大量hundreds of 4.醒来 wake up 5.突然倒下;跌倒fall down 6.寻求;寻找 look for 7. 能够做某事 be able to do sth.8.似乎 / 看来 / 好像做某事 seem to do sth. 第四单元 常考短语 1. .接通(电流、煤气 .水等);打开2切.碎 3.一片 / 张/ 段/ 首... 4. 用...把...装满 5.一些 ;几个 6.用...覆盖...7充.满 ...be full of...=be filled with... 句型与搭配

鲁教版英语七年级上知识点总结

1.现在进行时态: 结构:主语+be动词+动词ing+其他 2. 现在分词的构成规则如下: 1)一般动词后直接加-ing.如: reading, watching, seeing 2)以不发音的e结尾的词去掉e再加-ing. 如: make—making write—writing 3)以重读、闭音、单辅音字母结尾的词,双写这个辅音字母,再加-ing. 如: get-getting swim-swimming put-putting run-running 3.用法: 1)表示现在(说话瞬间)正在进行或发生的动作。(不能指状态。) 2)表示现阶段正在进行,而此刻不一定在进行的动作。(以these days 为代表) 3)表即将发生的动作。这类词有:come, go, leave, arrive等,常与表 将来的时间状语连用。 4.常见标志: 1) 句中有:now, at the moment,these days, look,listen等如: He is doing his homework now. Look, what is the girl drawing 5. 现在进行时的一般疑问句及回答:一般疑问句把be动词提前;回答用Yes, 主语+be或No, 主语+be+not。如: Are you making the bed Yes, I am. Is the girl drawing a picture No, she isn’t. 6. 现在进行时的否定句:在be动词后加not。 如:They are cleaning the classroom. →They aren’t cleaning the classroom. 7. 对现在进行时的谓语动词提问,常用“what…doing”。 如:He is reading a book. →What is he doin g .

人教版初一英语知识点归纳总结

人教版初一上册英语知识点归纳总结 一、48个国际音标及26个英文字母的正确书写 要熟练掌握元音和辅音,5个元音字母(a, e, i, o, u),字母的正确占格及单词间距。 二、be动词的用法 be动词有三种变形,分别是:am, is, are。记忆口诀: "我"用am, "你"用are, is用于"他、她、它";单数全都用is,复数全部都用are。 三、人称及人称代词的不同形式(主格和宾格) 1、三种人称:第一人称(I, we),第二人称(you, you),第三人称(he, she, it, Maria)。 2、人称代词的主格,即人称代词位于句子主语位置时的形态:I, We, You, You, He, She, It, Maria。 3、人称代词的宾格,即人称代词位于句子宾语位置时的形态:me, us, you, you, him, her, it。 4、形容词性物主代词:my, our, your, your, his, her, its, their。 5、名词性物主代词:mine, ours, yours, yours, his, hers, its, theirs。 6、反身代词:myself, ourselves, yourself, yourselves, himself, herself, itself, themselves。 四、基数词(表示数量多少的词,大致相当于代数里的自然数)

zero, one, two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight, nine, ten, eleven, twelve, thirteen, fourteen, fifteen, sixteen, seventeen, eighteen, nineteen, twenty, twenty-one, twenty-two, twenty-three,twenty-four, twenty-five, twenty-six, twenty-seven, twenty-eight, twenty-nine, thirty, forty, fifty, sixty,seventy, eighty, ninety, one hundred,one hundred and one。 五、一般疑问句及特殊疑问句 1、一般疑问句:能用Yes或No来回答的问句。一般疑问句句尾读升调。 2、特殊疑问句:不能用Yes或No来回答的问句。特殊疑问句句尾读降调。 六、可数名词变复数 可数名词变复数时,有规则变化和不规则变化两种。 1、规则变化: (1)一般情况直接在词尾加"-s ",如:cake-cakes, bag-bags, day-days, face-faces, orange-oranges等; (2)以s, x, sh, ch结尾的词,要在词尾加"-es ",如:bus-buses, watch-watches, box-boxes等; (3)以辅音字母加y结尾的词,变y为i再加"-es ",如:baby-babies, country-countries, family-families等; (4)部分以f (e)结尾的词,变f (e)为"ves ",如:knife-knives, half-halves 等; (5)以o结尾的词,加"-s "或"-es ",如:zoo-zoos, photo-photos, tomato-tomatoes, potato-potatoes等。记忆口诀:除了"英雄"hero外,凡是能吃的,加"-es ",不能吃的加"-s "。

鲁教版七年级 下 英语单词表

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11. at school 12. put on 13. look after 14. get up 15. go shopping II. 重要句型 1. help sb. do sth. 2. What about...? 3. Lets do sth. 4. Its time to do sth. 5. Its time for ... 6. Whats...? It is.../ Its... 7. Where is...? Its.... 8. How old are you? Im.... 9. What class are you in? Im in.... 10. Welcome to.... 11. Whats ...plus...? Its.... 12. I think... 13. Whos this? This is.... 14. What can you see? I can see.... 15. There is (are) .... 16. What colour is it (are they)? Its (Theyre)...

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