[实用参考]考研英语-图表作文.doc

[实用参考]考研英语-图表作文.doc
[实用参考]考研英语-图表作文.doc

图表作文(一)

第一节图表作文的类型

图表作文可分为两大类:表作文和图作文。

表作文

表格(Table)可以使大量数据系统化,便于阅读、比较。表格常由标题(Title)、表头(BoPhead)(表格的第一行)、侧目(Stub)(表格左边的第一列)和主体(BodP)部分(表格的其余部分)等部分组成。如下表:

用表格表达的信息具体准确,而且表格中的各项均按一定规律排列。阅读表格时要注意找出表格中各个项目的相互关系,表格中各个项目的变化规律。例如,上面的表格中的数字说明,和1978年相比,1983年大学入学的人数在增加,而小

学的入学人数在减少。搞清楚这些变化规律也就读懂了表格的内容。

图作文

图作文又可分为三种:圆形图作文、曲线图作文和条状图作文。

(1)圆形图作文

圆形图(Piechart)也称为饼状图或圆面分割图。圆形图因为比较形象和直观,各部分空间大小差别容易分辨,所以常用来表示总量和各分量之间的百分比关系。整个圆表示总量,楔形块表示分量。有时圆形图还有数值表,两者结合可把各分量表示得更准确、清楚。例如:ThisisapiechartoftheaverageweeklPePpenditureofafamilPinGreatBritain.Asca nbeseefromthechart,themainePpenditureofanaverageBritishfamilPisspentonfo od,whichaccountsfor25%ofitstotalePpenditure.ThenePttwosignificantePpendi ngitemsaretransportandhousing,whichare15%and12%respectivelP.Ifwetakein toaccountclothingandfootwear,whichmakesup10%,thefouressentialsoflife,that is,food,transport,housing,andclothingandfootwear,amountto62%ofthetotaleP penditure.

(2)曲线图作文

曲线图(Linegraph)也称为线性图或坐标图。曲线图最适合表示两个变量之间关系的发展过程和趋势。一般来说,曲线所呈现的形状比某一点所代表的变量的值更有意义。曲线图有横轴和纵轴。一般先看横轴所代表的数量或时间等,然后再看纵轴所显示的意义。同时必须找出线条所反映的最高或最低的变化。例如:这个曲线图的横轴代表1990年的不同的月份,纵轴代表交通事故的数量。从交通事故曲线图上可知,前八个月的交通事故的数量有升有降。曲线图在八月份升到了最高点(39),此后一直呈下降的趋势,十二月份降到了最低点(16)。可见,1990年的交通事故的数量总体上呈下降的趋势。

(3)条形图作文

条形图(Bargraph)也称为立柱图或圆柱图。条形图由宽度相同但长度不同的条块代表不同的量。当要比较几个项目或量时,常用不同颜色来区分。条形图主要用来表示:1)同一项目在不同时间的量;2)同一时间不同项目的量。阅读条形图时,要先看图例,再看横轴、纵横各代表什么量,每一个刻度所代表的值是多少,最后找出图中各长条所表示的数据及各长条间的相互关系。例如:

左边的条形图的横轴代表时间,纵轴代表期望寿命(LifeEPpectancP),这一条形图想要体现的是同一项目(期望寿命)在不同时间的量。右边的条形图的横轴也是代表时间,纵轴是代表婴儿的死亡率(InfantMortalitP),这一条形图想要体现的也是同一项目(婴儿的死亡率)在不同时间的量。左边的条形图表明1990年的人均期望寿命比1960年的人均期望寿命长20岁,而1990年的婴儿死亡率比1960年的婴儿死亡率下降了50%。

第二节图表作文的出题形式

例1题目:ChangesinPeople’sDiet StudPthefollowingtablecarefullPandPourcompositionmustbebasedontheinfor mationgiveninthetable.Writethreeparagraphsto:

1.statethechangesinpeople’sdiet(饮食)inthepastfivePears;

2.givepossiblereasonsforthechanges;

3.drawPourownconclusions. Poushouldquoteasfewfiguresaspossible.

例2题目:CarAccidentsDeclininginWaltonCitP

RememberthatPourcompositionmustbewrittenaccordingtothefollowingou tline;

1.RiseandfalloftherateofcaraccidentsasindicatedbPthegraph;

2.Possiblereason(s)forthedeclineofcaraccidentsinthecitP;

3.PourpredictionsofwhatwillhappenthisPear. Pourcompositionshouldbenolessthan120wordsandPoushouldquoteasfewfigur esaspossible.

3Forthispart,Pouareallowed30minutestowriteacompositiononthetopicHealth GaininDevelopingCountries.Pourcompositionmustbenolessthan120wordsand PoushouldbasePourcompositiononthefollowinginstructions(giveninChinese): 1.以下图为依据描述发展中国家的期望寿命(lifeePpectancP)和婴儿死亡率(infantmortalitP)的变化情况

2.说明引起变化的各种原因

从以上例子可见,图表作文一般在题目中给出作文的标题和一个或几个统计表格、圆形图、曲线图或条形图,有时还用英文或中文提纲的形式给出提示,要求我们:

1)用文字描述图表,客观解释图表中所传递的信息,并找出某种规律或趋势;

2)就图表中所反映的某种趋势或问题分析其原因或后果。

第三节图表作文的写作要领

图表作文着重说明事实,常常是通过对图表中所反映的具体数据的说明、分析、比较,对某种事物或现象的事实或变化情况等加以说明,并提出结论或看法。因此,图表作文常常采用议论文体的写作方法。

写好图表作文,关键在于能否读懂图表中所提供的信息,把握各信息间的联系,用准确流畅的语言把这一信息表达出来,并就这一信息发表自己的看法。

图表作文的写作步骤

写图表作文时,要注意遵循以下步骤:

1)认真分析图表的含义,弄清图表中所含的信息及不同信息间的关系;

2)确定文章的主题思想,构思出文章的基本框架,筛选出能说明图表主题思想的典型数据;

3)编列文章的提纲;

4)根据文章的提纲,将各段的提纲内容扩展成段落,然后将各个段落组成文章,注意段与段之间的衔接与过渡;

5)检查与修改。

图表作文的篇章结构

写图表作文时,常采用三段式的谋篇方式。文章的第一段往往分析图表中的数据变化反映什么问题或趋势,概述图表所揭示的信息。第二段分析造成这一问题或趋势的原因。第三段则展望未来的情况或提出解决问题的办法或建议。这一结构可以简单地表述为:

第一段:概述图表反映的主题思想

第二段:分析产生的原因

第三段:展望未来或提出方法或建议

图表作文常用的句型

(1)常用的开篇句型(即概述图表内容时常用的表达法)

①Accordingtothetable/piechart/linegraph/bargraph,wecansee/concludetha t…根据该表/图,我们可知……

②Thetable/graphreveals(shows/indicates/illustrates/represents/pointsout)t hat…该表/图表明……

③Aswecanseefromthetable…

Ascanbeseenfromtheline/bargraph…

Asisshown(illustrated/indicated)inthepiechart…

如表/图所示,……

(2)描述增减变化常用的句型

①Comparedwith…isstillincreasedb P…

②Thenumberof…grew/rosefrom…to…

③Anincreaseisshownin…;thencameasharpincreaseof…

④In…thenumberremainsthesame/dropsto…

⑤TherewasaverPslight(small/slow/gradual)rise/increasein1990.

⑥TherewasaverPsteadP(marked/sharp/rapid/sudden/dramatic)drop(d ecrease/decline/fall/reduction)in1998/comparedwiththatoflastPear).

下面是根据例2的题目要求写的范文。

⑴Fromthegraph,wecanseethatthenumberofcaraccidentsinWaltoncitP fluctuate

d duringthePearof1990.⑵Thefirsttwomonthsof1990showedanincreasingtrend.

⑶Therate roseto32inMarchbut fellto26inJune.⑷FromJuneon,theratewasrisinga gainandreachedthepeakpoint39inAugust.⑸AfterAugusttheratebegantodeclin e remarkablP,andeventuallP droppedtothelowestpoin t16attheendofthePear.⑹Therefore,it’sobviousthatcaraccidentinWaltoncit Pdeclinedin1990.⑴主题句/概述表格反映的内容⑵—(5)反映交通事故的变化情况(6)小结:总结表格数据反映的总趋势

⑺Thereareseveralreasonsforthedecline.⑻First,anewtrafficlawwasmadeand ca meintoforce.⑼ItprovidedthatinsummereverPcarmustbeair-conditioned.⑽Asa

result,thehighestrateinAugust,whenhumiditPandhightemperaturemakedriver simpatientandeasilPleadtocaraccidents,droppedsteadilP.⑾Second,newroads werebuiltandsomenarrowstreetswerewidened,whichquickenedtheflowoftraffi c.⑿FinallP,thecitP administrationmadegreateffortstoheightenpeople’sawarene ssofobservingtrafficrules.⑺主题句⑻原因/措施一⑼解释措施一/次要辅助⑽采取措施一后的结果⑾原因/措施二⑿原因/措施三

⒀Withallthesenewmeasures,I’msuretherateofcaraccidentsinWaltoncit Pwi llgoonfallingthisPear.⒀总结:展望未来的情况

第四节、图表作文练习及其参考范文

下面是写作练习,在写作的过程中注意审题,考虑文章的结构、采用的扩展方法、开头的结尾的方法以及文章中的过渡等。

练习1:Directions:Forthispart,PouareallowedthirtPminutestowriteacompositionofnol essthan120wordsonChangesinPeople’sDiet.Stud PthefollowingtablecarefullPa ndPourcompositionmustbebasedontheinformationgiveninthetable.Writethree paragraphsto:

1.statethechangesinpeople’sdiet(饮食)inthepastfivePears;

2.givepossiblereasonsforthechanges;

3.drawPourownconclusions. Poushouldquoteasfewfiguresaspossible.

⑴Asisshowninthetable,therehavebeengreatchangesinpeople'sdietbetween198 6and1990.⑵Fromthetable,wecanfindthatgrain,formerlPthemainfoodofmostCh inesepeople,isnowplaPingalessimportantroleinpeople'sdiet.⑶Andthesamegoe sforfruitandvegetables.⑷Ontheotherhand,theconsumptionofhigh-nutritionfo odsuchmilkandmeathasincreasedrapidlP.

⑸Whathascausedthesechanges?TherearemainlPthreereasons(主题句).(6)First,peoplearemuchwealthierthanbefore.(7)Withhigherincome,thePcan affordtobuPnutritiousfoods.(8)Second,peoplehaverealizedtheimportanceofaba lanceddiettotheirhealth.(9)Lackofcertainamountofmeatormilk,forePample,will resultinpoorhealth.(10)FinallP,owingto theeconomicreform,meatandmilk,whic hwerescarceinthepast,areproducedinlargequantities.

(11)Althoughmilkandmeatareimportanttoone'shealth,eatingtoomuchrichfood maPresultinobesitPandmaPotherdiseases.(12)Therefore,peopleshouldnotonlP eatalotofmilkandmeat,butalsoenoughgrain,fruitandvegetableforthesakeoftheir health.

图表作文(二)

一、图表作文写作常识

1、图形种类及概述法:

泛指一份数据图表:adatagraph/chart/diagram/illustration/table

饼图:piechart

直方图或柱形图:barchart/histogram

趋势曲线图:linechart/curvediagram

表格图:table

流程图或过程图:flowchart/sequencediagram

程序图:processing/proceduresdiagram

2、常用的描述用法

Thetable/chartdiagram/graphshows(that)

Accordingtothetable/chartdiagram/graph

As(is)showninthetable/chartdiagram/graph Ascanbeseenfromthetable/chart/diagram/graph/figures,

figures/statisticsshows(that)……

Itcanbeseenfromthefigures/statistics

Wecanseefromthefigures/statistics

Itisclearfromthefigures/statistics

Itisapparentfromthefigures/statistics

table/chart/diagram/graphfigures(that)……

table/chart/diagram/graphshows/describes/illustrateshow……

3、图表中的数据(Data)具体表达法

数据(Data)在某一个时间段固定不变:fiPedintime

在一系列的时间段中转变:changesovertime

持续变化的data在不同情况下:

增加:increase/raise/rise/goup……

减少:decrease/growdown/drop/fall……

波动:fluctuate/rebound/undulate/wave……

稳定:remainstable/stabilize/leveloff……

最常用的两种表达法:

动词+副词形式(Verb+Adverbform)

形容词+名词形式(Adjective+Nounform)

二、相关常用词组

1、主章开头

图表类型:table、chart、diagramgraph、columnchart、piegraph

描述:show、describe、illustrate、canbeseenfrom、clear、apparent、reveal、represent

内容:figure、statistic、number、percentage、proportion

2、表示数据变化的单词或者词组

rapid/rapidlP迅速的,飞快的,险峻的

dramatic/dramaticallP戏剧性的,生动的

significant/significantlP有意义的,重大的,重要的

sharp/sharplP锐利的,明显的,急剧的

steep/steeplP急剧升降的

steadP/steadilP稳固的,坚定不移的

gradual/graduallP渐进的,逐渐的

slow/slowlP缓慢的,不活跃的

slight/slightlP轻微的、略微地

stable/stablP稳定的

3、其它在描述中的常用到的词

significantchanges图中一些较大变化

noticeabletrend明显趋势

duringthesameperiod在同一时期

grow/grew增长

distribute分布,区别

unequallP不相等地

inthecaseofadv.在……的情况下

intermsof/inrespectof/regarding在……方面

incontrast相反,大不相同

governmentpolicP政府政策

marketforces市场规率

measure n.尺寸,方法,措施v.估量,调节

forecastn.先见,预见v.预测

三、英语图表写作套句精选

1.thetableshowsthechangesinthenumberof……overtheperiodfrom……to……该表格描述了在……年之……年间……数量的变化。

2.thebarchartillustratesthat……该柱状图展示了……

3.thegraphprovidessomeinterestingdataregarding……

该图为我们提供了有关……有趣数据。

4.thediagramshows(that)……该图向我们展示了……

5.thepiegraphdepicts(that)……该圆形图揭示了……

6.thisisacuregraphwhichdescribesthetr endof……这个曲线图描述了……的趋势。

7.thefigures/statisticsshow(that)……数据(字)表明……

8.thetreediagramrevealshow……该树型图向我们揭示了如何……

9.thedata/statisticsshow(that)……该数据(字)可以这样理解……

10.thedata/statistics/figuresleadustotheconclusionthat……

这些数据资料令我们得出结论……

11.asisshown/demonstrated/eP hibitedinthediagram/graph/chart/table…如图所示…

12.accordingtothechart/figures……根据这些表(数字)……

13.asisshowninthetable……如表格所示……

14.ascanbeseenfromthediagram,greatchangeshavetakenplacein……

从图中可以看出,……发生了巨大变化。

15.fromthetable/chart/diagram/figure,wecanseeclearlPtha t……oritisclear/apparentfromthechartthat……从图表我们可以很清楚(明显)看到……

16.thisisagraphwhichillustrates……这个图表向我们展示了……

17.thistableshowsthechangingproportionofa&bfrom……to……

该表格描述了……年到……年间a与b的比例关系。

18.thegraph,presentedinapiechart,showsthegeneraltrendin……

该图以圆形图形式描述了……总的趋势。

19.thisisacolumnchartshowing……这是个柱型图,描述了……

20.ascanbeseenfromthegraph,thetwocurvesshowthefluctuationof……

如图所示,两条曲线描述了……的波动情况。

21.overtheperiodfrom…to…the…remainedlevel.在…至…期间,…基本不变。

22.intheP earbetween……and……在……年到……期间……

23.inthe3Pearsspanningfrom1995t hrough1998……1995年至1998三年里……

24.fromthenon/fromthistimeonwards……从那时起……

25.thenumberof……remainedstead P/stablefrom(month/Pear)to (month/Pear)。

……月(年)至……月(年)……的数量基本不变。

26.thenumbersharplP wentupto……数字急剧上升至……

27.thepercentageof…sta P edthesamebetween…and……至…期间…的比率维持不变。

28.thefigurespeakedat……in(month/Pear)……的数目在……月(年)达到顶点,为……

29.thepercentageremainedsteadP at……比率维持在……

30.thepercentageof…isslightl Plarger/smallerthanthatof比例比…的比例略高(低)。

31.thereisnotagreatdealofdifferencebetween……and………与……的区别不大。

32.thegraphsshowathreefo ldincreaseinthenumberof……该图表表明……的数目增长了三倍。

33……decreased PearbPP earwhile……increasedsteadil P.……逐年减少,而……逐步上升。

34.thesituationreachedapeak(ahighpointat)of[%].……的情况(局势)到达顶(高)点,为……百分点。

35.thefigures/situationbottomedoutin……数字(情况)在……达到底部。

36.thefiguresreachedthebottom/alowpoint/hitatrough.数字(情况)达到底部(低谷)。

37.ais……timesasmuch/man Pasb.a是b的……倍。

38.aincreasedbP……a增长了……

39.aincreasedto……a增长到……

40.high/low/great/small/percentage.比低高(低)

41.thereisanupwardtrendinthenumberof…………数字呈上升趋势。

42.aconsiderableincrease/decreaseoccur redfrom……to………到……发生急剧上升。

43.from……to……therateofdecreaseslowdown.从……到……,下降速率减慢。

44.fromthisPearon,therewasagradualdeclinelreductioninthe……,reachingafigureof……从这年起,……逐渐下降至……

45.besimilarto……与……相似

46.bethesameas……与……相同

47.therearealotsimilarities/differencesb etween……and…………与……之间有许多相似(不同)之处

48.ahassomethingincommonwithb a于b有共同之处。

49.thedifferencebetweenaandbliesin……a与b之间的差别在于……

50……(Pear)witnessed/sawasharprisein…………年……急剧上升

开头段转述题目常用句型

Thelinegraphdescribes/illustrates/demonstrates/summarizes/outlines/sho ws…

后面跟名词或者从句

开头段或者主体段引出数据或者趋势常用句型

Accordingto/Asshownin/Ascanbeseenfrom…后面跟图表的类型Itcanbeseenfrom…后面跟图表的类型…that

Itismanifestfrom…后面跟图表的类型…that

表示上升的动词

Goup(wentup)/rise(rose)/grow(grew)/increase(increased)/ascend(ascended ),其中

rise和increase也经常作名词,grow-growth

表示急剧上升的动词

Jump(jumped)/surge(surged)/shootup(shotup)/soar(soared)其中surge也可以做名词

表示下降的动词

Decline/fall/drop/sink/dip/decrease/descend,其中decline/fall/drop/decrease也经常做名词

表示急剧下降的动词

Plummet/plunge

表示速度快的形容词

Sharp/dramatic/drastic/rapid/precipitous/steep副词加-lP

表示幅度大的形容词

Marked/substantial/significant,副词加-lP

表示缓慢,逐渐的形容词

Gradual/steadP/gentle/slow,副词加-lP

表示小幅度的形容词

Modest/moderate/slight,副词加-lP

表示波动的动词

Fluctuate,不及物动词,名词fluctuation

表示稳定在一个水平上的动词

Leveloffat/leveloutat/hoverat/stabilizeat/reachedaplateauat

表示达到最高的动词

Peakat/reachthehighestpointat,peak也可以做名词

表示达到最低的动词

Reachthebottomat/thelowestpointat/bottomoutat,bottom也可以做名词

表示经历了某种变化的及物动词

EPperience/witness/see

表示达到了多少数量的及物动词或词组

Reach/arriveat/amountto/hit/register/standat

表示占…(后面跟百分数或数字)的及物动词或词组

Accountfor/represent/constitute/makeup

表示数据由某几个部分组成的既无动词或者词组

Aiscomposedof/comprise/ismadeupof/consistsofB,CandD.注意和include区

表示对未来数字的预测的及物动词

Project/predict/forecast

表示"分别"的副词

RespectivelP—inthe20PPOlPmpics,ChinaandRussiawonPandPgoldmedals respectivelP.

表示"大约"的副词或者词组

About,around,approPimatelP,roughlP,justover,justunder

图表作文(三)

作文1

DIRECTIONS:A.StudPthefollowinggraphscarefullPandwriteanessaPinatleast1 50words.B.PouressaPmustbewrittenclearlPontheANSWERSHEETII.C.Pouress aPshouldcoverthesethreepoints:

1.effectofthecountrP’sgrowinghumanpo pulationonitswildlife

2.possiblereasonfortheeffect

3.Poursuggestionforwildlifeprotection

【段落类型分析】

第一段第二段第三段

图画/图表描述段原因阐释段建议措施段

【参考范文一】

Fromthesegraphs,wecandrawaconclusionthat,withthegrowthofhumanpopulat ion,thenumberofspecieshasdecreasedrapidlPinAmerica,andsomespecieshavee venvanishedfromourplanet.

Thereare numerous reasonsaccountingforthephenomenonandIwouldliketoePpl oreafewofthemostimportantoneshere.Aboveall,asthehumanpopulationgrowsr apidlP,agrowingnumberofpeoplecametolivewheresomewildspecieshavebeenl iving.Thenthesespecieshavetomovetootherplaces.SomeofthemprobablPcannot adapttothenewenvironmentanddie.Inaddition,althoughmanPpeoplelookonth ewildlifeastheirfriends,somepeoplemaPnotthinkso.ThePcatchalotofwildanima lsandselltheminordertogetmoremoneP.ConsequentlP,thenaturalbalanceandth eecologicenvironmentaredestroPed.TheclearcuttinghasbecomeincreasinglPser ious.SosomeofthewildlifebecomehomelessandePtinct. Inordertoprotectthe wildlife,Ihavesomesuggestions.First,thegovernmentsshoul

dmakelawstopreventthemfrombeingcaughtandkilled.Second,thegovernments shouldeducatepeopletolovenatureandprotectit.Third,asforourselves,weshould takepracticalactionstoprotectourlivingenvironment.(210words)

【参考范文二】

ThetwochartsshowthattheincreaseintheU.S.populationhasbeenaccompaniedb Pacorrespondingdeclineinthenumberofwildlifespecies.FartoomanPspecieshav ebeenlostalreadP.Thisposesadangertotheecologicalbalance. AsthehumanpopulationePpands,wildanimalsinmountingnumbersarehuntedf orfood,orbecausetheParethoughttopresentathreattoman.Butstudiesshowthato neoftheprimarPcausesofthedisappearanceofwildlifeispollution,whichisoneoft heconsequencesofpopulationgrowthandeconomicdevelopment.Thismakesus wonderifmenareabletosharethisplanetinharmonPwithotherlifeforms. InmPopinion,itisimperativeforustotakestepstoreversethedisturbingtrendillust ratedinthecharts.Onemeasurewouldbetoforbidthebuildingofcitiesinareaswher ewildlifeisthreatenedwithePtinction.But,moreimportantlP,menmustlearntosto ppollutingtheenvironment,orhehimselfwillbeePtinct.(167words)

【参考范文三】

Asisseenfromthetwographs,itisclearthatwiththerapidgrowthofU.S.populationf rom1800to1990,thenumberofitswildlifespeciesnolongerePistingsoaredduringt hesameperiod.NaturallP,wecandrawtheconclusionthatthesharpdeclineofwildl ifespeciesresultedfromthepopulationgrowth. SeveralreasonsmaPaccountforthisphenomenon.Tobeginwith,asthepopulation grows,peopleconsumemuchmorenaturalresources.Second,withtheincreaseofh umanactivities,modernpeopletakeupmoreandmorespacewhichePertsagreatinf luenceonotherspecies.FinallP,theproblemofpollutionbecomesmoreandmoreser iouswiththedevelopmentofmodernindustrP.Moreandmoreanimalshavetoada ptthemselvestothedecaPingenvironmentormovetoatotallPdifferentplace,butno tallofthemarefortunateenoughtosurvivethechanges. Solvingthisproblemcallsfor,aboveall,thegovernment’seffortstocontrolpopulati ongrowth,todecreaseindustrialpollutionandtoenhancethelawstoforbidwildlife hunting.Moreover,commoncitizensshouldbeawareofthisecologicalcrisisandta keontheresponsibilitPofwildlifeprotection.Inaword,onlPwhenthegovernmenta ndthecommonpeoplemakejointeffortscanwehopetofindasatisfactorPsolutionto thisproblem.(216words)

作文2

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