沈阳城区热岛效应遥感信息提取与分析

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沈阳城区热岛效应遥感信息提取与分析

作者：高亮

来源：《城市建设理论研究》2013年第07期

摘要：城市热岛效应是城市气温高于四周郊区的温差现象，能对环境生态系统和人类活

动产生重大影响。近年来以遥感、地理信息系统和全球定位系统(3S)为代表的空间信息技术，因其具有传统方法所不可比拟的宏观性、多波段性及多时相性等优点，而被广泛应用于城市热岛的研究，并成为环境科学的一个新热点。本文利用遥感监测技术对不同年代沈阳城区热岛的空间分布特征进行分析。选用1989年、2002年、2006年、2007年4个年份的美国陆地卫星数据，主要利用Erdas软件实现图像处理、建模、计算和分析。

研究结果表明，1989年到2007年沈阳市植被覆盖有所上升，与之相对应的地区地表温度较低。热岛现象多分布在植被覆盖较少地区，其中沈阳市大东区、沈河区、皇姑区、和平区和铁西区均存在不同程度的热岛效应。由此可针对不同地区提出相应的热岛效应缓解策略。

关键词：遥感技术；城市热岛效应；地表亮温；植被覆盖指数（NDVI）

Abstract: Urban heat island effect is a temperature phenomena that city temperature is higher than surrounding suburbs temperature. It can seriously affect environmental and ecological systems and human activities. In recent years, spatial information technology represented by Remote Sensing, Geographic Information System and Global Positioning System (called 3S).Itis widely used on the study of urban heat island and becoming a new hot spot of environmental science, because it is broader and has more multi-band and temporal nature than traditional methods. Satellite images from landsat system for four dates in 1989, 2002, 2006 and 2007 were used to analyze the spatial distribution characteristics over shenyang city. The image datas were mainly processed by software of ERDAS IMAGINE in this study.

The results show that the vegetation cover increasing in Shenyang 1989 to 2007, corresponding to the region the surface temperature is lower. Heat island phenomenon scattered in the areas with less vegetation cover. Dadong District, Shenhe District, Huanggu District, Heping District and the District of West in Shenyang have different degrees of heat island effect. Therefore we can propose appropriate tactics to help relieve heat island effect for different regions.

Keywords: Remote Sensing Technology; Urban Heat Island Effect; Surface brightness temperature; NDVI

中图分类号：TP7 献标识码：文章编号：2095-2104（2013）1-0020-02

由于城市化的速度加快，城市建筑群密集、柏油路和水泥路面比郊区的土壤、植被具有更大的热容量和吸热率，使得城区储存了较多的热量，并向四周和大气中幅射，造成了同一时间城区气温普遍高于周围的郊区气温，高温的城区处于低温的郊区包围之中，如同汪洋大海中的