雅思写作方法-大作文

雅思写作方法-大作文
雅思写作方法-大作文

大作文题型+ 分段(框架)

一.题型(4种)

1.观点类(同意&不同意;积极&消极;好处&坏处)

a.现象+ (观点)+ (To what extent) do you agree or disagree?

b.现象/建议/做法+ positive or negative

c.现象/建议/做法+ do the advantages outweigh disadvantages?

2.论述类(DBO题型,只能双边)

Some people think/consider…….., while some others hold the view….. Discuss both views and give your opinion

80%

3.报告类(15%)

分析某种社会现象的原因、影响、解决方法(三选二)

分析Obesity的原因+ 解决方法

4.混合类(0~5%):观点+ 报告类

Some people think that raising petrol price is the best way to solve environmental and traffic problems, to what extent do you agree or disagree? (观点)What some other measures do you think might be effective? (报告)

二.分段(4~5段)

1.观点类

eg:网络购物的利弊。立场:利大于弊4段式:单/双/假双边

开头:2~3句(背景句+立场句)

中1: 好处

a. 1 + 3 = 4 (便利)

b. 1 + 2 = 3(折扣力度大)

中2: 坏处

a.1 + 3 = 4(物流)

b.1 + 2 = 3 (货物质量)

结尾:2~3

5段式:单/双

开头:2~3(背景句+立场句)

中1:好处1

a.1 + 3/4 =4/5(方便)

中2:好处2

b.1 + 3/4 = 4/5(折扣力度大)

中3: 坏处

c.1+ 3/4= 4/5(物流)

结尾:2~3

2.论述类(DBO:只能双边)

4/5段

开头:2~3

中1: 讨论其中一方观点(1~2个论点):方便+便宜

中2: 讨论另一方观点(1~2个论点):物流+ 货物质量中3: 自己的观点(不要重复):选择多

结尾:2~3(可省略)

3.报告,4/5段均可,今天只说4段式

讨论Obesity的原因+ 解决方法

开头:

中1: 2个原因(垃圾食品的过多摄入+ 缺乏运动)

中2: 2个方法(最好与原因对应起来)

结尾:2~3

4.混合类(观点+报告)

提升油价是否是解决环境、交通问题的最好方法??

有没有其他的解决方法??

4段即可!

开头:

中1: 回答是否是最好方法(2个理由,单边即可!)

中2: 提出其他解决方法(2个)

结尾:2~3

主体段拓展六法

论点展开的六种方法:

1.举例论证

2.对比论证

3.假设论证

4.因果论证

5.下定义法

6.小结法

一.举例论证(Exemplification):

Sample 1:亚洲国家正以惊人的速度变得西方化.以中国为例,当青少年去看电影的时候,他们一般都选择好莱坞大片而不选择国产电影。论据2/论据3

范文1:The Asian countries are getting westernized at a staggering rate. Take China as an example, when youngsters go to the movies, it is common for them to choose Hollywood blockbusters over domestic films.

总结:当你想拿某一个国家、地区、人物、工厂、公司等为例的时候,可以用

take+国家/地点/人名/工厂名as an example,+ 句子

练习1:

论点:核能(nuclear energy)的应用可能会导致环境的污染

论据1:福岛第一核电站(Fukushima Daiichi)的泄漏事件(leakage incident)导致当地生态急剧恶化(deteriorate v)

The use / application of nuclear energy might lead to serious environmental pollution. Take+ Fukushima Daiichi / a nuclear plant in Japan as an example,+ 句子: its leakage incident in 2011 has made the local ecosystem deteriorated / unlivable anymore

练习2:

论点:过度依赖高科技有时候会对人们的人生安全造成威胁。

论据1:在美国,已经发生过因为特斯拉汽车(Tesla cars)的自动驾驶功能(autopilot)出错(dysfunction)而导致的交通事故,并且导致数人死亡。

………, Take Tesla cars in America as an example,+ 句子: its autopilot dysfunction has led to several accidents there, causing the death of some people.

核能的利弊

好处:

a.清洁能源(clean energy): fossil fuels / generate /

greenhouse gas : carbon dioxide / alleviate (缓解)…..

b.效率高(high efficiency):XXXX can generate several times

energy as fossil / traditional fuels do

坏处:

a.泄漏,污染

b.不可再生能源(non-renewable):radium / replenish with

very slow rate / long-term

c.成本高

Sample 2:谈大学教育的两大功能:就业与求知

范文2:To begin with, it is really helpful for university students to be taught some job-related skills. A typical example can be found in the fact that developing students’ interpersonal skills is now required by a growing number of companies.

句型总结:

A typical example can be found in the fact that

练习1:

论点:政府应该出台政策限制汽车的数量(car ownership)

论据:因为汽车过度发展已经导致了很多环境问题,比如由汽车尾气(car emission)导致的温室效应(greenhouse effect)

Governments are supposed to limit car ownership, because the excessive development of automobiles has led to many environmental problems, a typical example can be found in the fact that greenhouse effect is mainly caused by the increase of car emission.

Sample 3. A striking / typical example is provided by the story of sb(人名),+插入语(对身份进行说明)who…

C9-T3

成为一个优秀的艺术家或者运动员,天赋重要?努力重要?

Talent/nature does play an important role if one wants to become the first-tier artist or athlete. A striking / typical example is provided by the story of Usain Bolt, the greatest sprinter ever in human history, who could never be so successful without his talent in sports.

传统的、典型的举例方法

a.Take XX as an example, + 句子

b.A typical / striking example can be found in the fact that….

c. A striking / typical example is provided by the story of sb, + 插入语,

who…..

d.For example

二.对比论证(Comparison and Contrast)

思路1:正面思维枯竭时,可以换位思考(“逆向思维”),通过

A烘托出B的优/缺点/特征

题目1:Some people think that children should obey the rules or

do what their parents and teachers want them to do. Others think

that children controlled too much cannot deal with problem themselves in adulthood. Discuss both views and state your

opinion.

范文:Some people are strong advocates of imposing rules because rules can hold children accountable for their behavior and help them develop good behavior patterns from a young age. 对比:Unlike

adults who can and should be responsible for any result

brought by their improper conducts, children are normally

not aware of the consequences of bad behavior, 因果:therefore, setting rules can help them realize how to act in a socially

acceptable manner.

题目2:Many people are moving from rural areas to big cities. Why has this happened?To what extent do you think it is a good trend? 混合类(双问号)

农村VS城市

好处:

a.促进城市发展:public facility / infrastructure

b.摆脱贫困:get rid of / narrow the wealth gap / rrow the gap

between rich and poor / opportunity / break the cycle of poverty

坏处:

a.使得城市的居住和交通环境恶化:crowded / more

domestic/household rubbish / traffic jam、congestion

b.影响农业发展。

范文:Cities are more densely populated and there are more job opportunities available, so people working there may earn more money and thus,improving the living standard. By contrast / in comparison, employment opportunities are scarce(稀少的)in

rural areas, due to the fact .......................

题目3:高中毕业后要不要有一个gap year?

范文:(Young adults who pass directly from school to university)have itlimed experience of the world.。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。By contrast, those who have spent some time traveling to other places have a broader view of life. 。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。

突出gap year(旅游or工作)的好处

好处:

a.拓展视野

b.(工作):interpersonal skill / time management skill;the

future campus life

c.(旅游):release pressure / 提高未来的学习效率

d.(工作,推荐!):做出更理性(rational)、合适的专业选择:

advantages/disadvantages/interests 。This is especially the case when changing majors...

练习:

论点:网络购物可以给予消费者更多的选择

论据:网络购物平台可以汇集来自全国甚至于全世界的卖家信息,从而给人们多种选择,而在实体店消费就有很多时间和地理的限制(time and geographical barriers/limitations),人们实际能够了解到的商品信息不多。

三.假设法(if引导的条件状语从句)

Tip:假设出一种情况(这种情况是可能发生,也可以是完全不可能发生的),再进行进一步论证

题目:论述动物园保护动物or摧残动物??

保护动物:

a.Food resources

b.Habitat (inhabit / inhabitance ; inhabitant :居民/动物)

c.Separate / natural enemy

摧残动物:

a.Captivate / limit freedom

b.压制/抑制:suppress/ 天性:instinct of seeking food

c.摧残:destroy / 意志:will

a.驯兽师:animal trainer

b.表演:perform

c.方式:by whipping / beating them

d.后果:leaving animals / 疤痕:scar/永久的:permanent

e.虐待:torture

备用观点:

a.忍受:Man-made disturbance / 十几个小时。

b.Upset

c.Eg:noise/ flash light

练习:

论点:保护濒危语言(endangered / minor languages)有利于文化的保护

。。。。。。。。。。。。语言和文化的关系

论据:如果政府停止对小语种的保护,那么就会导致一种文化(习俗)的消亡(extinction/disappearance)

四.因果论证(Cause and effect)

思路:分为两类①讲原因;②讲结果。

表原因:

可以跟句子:because,for,since,as

不能跟句子:because of ,due to,be attributed to (被动),thanks to (积极),owing to,as a result of……

表结果:

可以跟句子:as a result / consequence, ….. consequently, therefore, thus, ……………., which / this means that…..

不能跟句子:lead to,cause,give rise to,contribute to(导致/贡献),bring about, result in

五.具像化

对前文中的模糊的概念进行具体化

范文3:The government should encourage the use of public transport. This means that public transport should be well run and people can afford to use them.

政府应该使得来自于贫穷地区的孩子更容易接受高等教育。

The government should make the tertiary education more accessible for those students from rural areas, this means that they can be reduced or even exempted(免除) from tuition fees. Only by this way, students with low economic status (地位) can have equal education with those from big cities,

as a result, the gap between rich and poor could be possibly narrowed. 1+3=4

因果+假设+举例。。。

练习:

论点:政府应该鼓励私营企业(private companies / businesses / enterprises)多招聘应届毕业生(fresh graduates),以解决年轻人就业问题。

论据1:政府可以对招聘了一定数量大学毕业生(new college graduates)的企业进行补贴(subsidize)。

Governments are supposed to encourage private companies to recruit more fresh graduates in order to solve the employment problems. This means that governments can subsidize those companies that employ a certain number of new college graduates.

六.小结法(仅用一次)

思路:先写一个in other words 再在后面,把分论点改写一下。Countries should make a joint effort to solve

environmental issues, XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX. In other words, nations are able to deal with environmental problems effectively by cooperating with each other

在其他方法无法使用或很难使用的时候,可以考虑用“小结法”来凑数。

注意:无论多少个主体段,但“小结法”只可用在其中一

个,不可多用。

六.类比论证(变相举例)暗举例

思路:当要论述一种普遍的现象(或者一种做法、方案的好处)时,可以把符合这种现象特点(或是可以得意于这种做法、方案)的人、物进行罗列。

题目1:现在的人在休息的时候更愿意自己一个人独处。

范文1:Many adults relax by watching television or browsing the internet. Similarly, children play video games instead of playing outdoor sports.

注:similarly 常用在句首,而且后面通常都会有一个逗号。

题目2:论述sing le-sex school的优劣.

范文2:It gives students the opportunity to choose subjects freely. A higher proportion of girls study science when they attend girls’ schools. Also, boys in single-sex schools are more likely to study languages.

Governments should spend more money on railways rather than roads. To what extent do you agree or disagree?

练习:

1.论点:我觉得政府应该在铁路的修建上投入更多的金钱。

论据:因为铁路的修建可以带动很多(上)下游产业(upstream / downstream industry)的发展,比如物流(logistics industry)和钢

铁冶炼业(steel industry),also,对铁路的投入同样也刺激旅游业的发展,因为如果能够话更少的时间去同样的地方,会有更多的人愿意去旅游。

1.论点:我觉得国家不能因为基础设施的重要性,而忽略对艺术的

投资

论据:因为某些艺术从业者(Art practitioner),比如音乐家,可以创造出美妙的歌曲让我们放松工作(或学习)的压力,同样的,园

艺师(horticulturalist /gardener)通过绿化公园的方式,来美化城

市环境

结尾段

一. 观点类

a.(现象) + 看法+ to what extent do you agree or

disagree

b.现象/ 建议/ 提议,positive or negative

c.现象/ 建议/ 提议, do the advantages outweigh

disadvantages

结尾段:

1.重申立场

2.总结立论段两个观点

3.(可不写)总结让步段观点(1个即可)

讨论网购的利弊:利大于弊

开头:

中1:便宜 + 方便

中2:假货多 + 运输过程中的破损

结尾:

In conclusion, online shopping brings us more benefits than problems,not only because this way makes our life more convenient but also it provids us with cheaper goods,although

it sometimes drives consumers to buy fakes.

二.论述类

Some people think that…, while some others hold the view that… discuss both views and give your opinion.

开头:

中1:讨论第一方观点(1~2个)

中2:讨论第二方观点(1~2个)

结尾:讨论自己的观点(自己的观点不与中1or中2重复)

In my view/ from my perspective, online shopping brings us more benefits than problems, because it provides customers with more choices than real shops do. As we all know, buying goods from real shops has many geographic and time limitations, thus, the kinds of goods you could see are not that many.

三.报告类

就某种社会现象(负面),分析其原因,后果/影响,可能的解决方法。(三选二)

讨论导致肥胖的原因 + solutions

开头:

中1:垃圾食品的过多摄入 + 缺乏锻炼

中2:征税 + 建造体育设施/营造运动氛围

结尾:总结原因+ 解决方法(精炼)

In conclusion, over intake of fast food and the lack of exercise are two main reaons leading to obesity, and a higher tax on junk foods and the building of sports facilities could be two possible solutions.

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