鹅妈妈童谣集+中英对照上课讲义

美国文学史复习资料

美国文学史复习（colonialism) 第一部分殖民主义时期的文学一、时期综述 1、清教徒采用的文学体裁：a、narratives 日记b、journals 游记 2、清教徒在美国的写作内容： 1）their voyage to the new land 2) Adapting themselves to unfamiliar climates and crops 3) About dealing with Indians 4) Guide to the new land, endless bounty, invitation to bold spirit 3、清教徒的思想： 1）puritan want to make up pure their religious beliefs and practices 净化信仰和行为方式 2) Wish to restore simplicity to church and the authority of the Bible to the theology. 重建教堂，提供简单服务，建立神圣地位 3）look upon themselves as chosen people, and it follow logically that anyone who challenged their way of life is opposing God's will and is not to be accepted. 认为自己是上帝选民，对他们的生活有异议就是反对上帝 4）puritan opposition to pleasure and the arts sometimes has been exaggerated. 反对对快乐和艺术的追求到了十分荒唐的地步5）religious teaching tended to emphasize the image of a wrathful God.强调上帝严厉的一面，忽视上帝仁慈的一面。 4、典型的清教徒：John Cotton & Roger William 他们的不同：John Cotton was much more concerned with authority than with democracy; William begins the history of religious toleration in America. 5、William的宗教观点：Toleration did not stem from a lack of religious convictions. Instead, it sprang from the idea that simply to be virtuous in conduct and devout in belief did not give anyone the right to force belief on others. He also felt that no political order or church system could identify itself directly with God. 行为上的德，信仰上的诚，并没有给任何人强迫别人该如何行事的权利。没有任何政治秩序和教会体制能够直接体现神本身的意旨。 6、英国最早移民到美国的诗人：Anne Bradstreet 7、在殖民时期最好的清教徒诗人：the best of Puritan poets is Edward Tayor. 学习指南： 1、Could you give a description of American Puritans? 关于美国清教徒的描绘 Like their brothers back in England, were idealists, believing that the church should be restored to the "purity" of the first-century church as established by Jesus Christ himself. To them religion was a matter of primary importance. They made it their chief business to see that man lived and thought and acted in a way which tended to the glory of God. They accepted the doctrine of predestination, original sin and total depravity, and limited atonement through a special infusion of grace from God, all that John Calvin, the great French theologian who lived in Geneva had preached. It was this kind of religious belief that they brought with them into the wildness. There they meaant to prove that were God's chosen people enjoying his blessings on this earth as in Heaven. 2、Hard work, thrift, piety and sobriety were the Puritan values that dominated much of the earliest American writing. 3、The work of two writers, Anne Bradstreet & Edward Taylor, rose to the level of real poetry.

鹅妈妈童谣集+中英对照

鹅妈妈童谣集中英对照一、什么是鹅妈妈童谣 (Mother Goose) 鹅妈妈童谣(Mother Goose)是英国民间童谣集，中文译为鹅妈妈童谣集。这些民间童谣在英国流传时间相当久，有的长达数百年，总数约有八百多首，内容典雅，有幽默故事、游戏歌曲、儿歌、谜语、催眠曲、字母歌、数数歌、绕口令、动物歌等，英国人称其为 Nursery Rhymes(儿歌)，美国人称其为 Mother Goose(鹅妈妈童谣)，是英、美人士从孩童时代就耳熟能详的儿歌。二、起源鹅妈妈童谣的起源对于鹅妈妈童谣流传的时间众说纷纭，至今无法确切定论。一般有两种说法，第一是源自法国作家Charles Perrault 在1697 年写的故事集 Contes de ma mère l'Oye(Tales of My Mother Goose)，之后由英国人收集编辑而成。不过也有十四世纪就出现的说法。因为大部份的歌词为了顺口的缘故，句末都会押韵，而有些字随着时代不同会有不同发音。所以有人发现，某某歌的歌词如果要押韵的话，应该用十四世纪的发音才对，因此就有从十四世纪开始流传的说法。鹅妈妈童谣中残酷句子的起源著名的「伦敦铁桥倒下来」、「玛丽有只小绵羊」等童谣，都是所谓的鹅妈妈童谣。随着时间的流逝，鹅妈妈童谣的内容不断扩大，至今包涵数百首童谣，不过有少数歌词内容相当的血腥，其最大的原因，即是由于东、西方对死亡的态度不同，东方人非常避讳谈到「死」这个字眼或相关话题；西方人则相反，他们不畏惧谈到关于死亡，甚至对于生死有关的教育皆是从小教起。不过鹅妈妈童谣中的歌词，也可以从它的时代背景来看。 18 世纪的英国，发生了工业革命，促使资本主义产生，也造成严重的贫富不均与阶级对立。使得大多数的人民成了资本主义的工具和牺牲品，他们大多生活困苦艰难，在这种人心动乱、生活环境差的年代，会出现鹅妈妈童谣里的这类歌词也不会是稀奇的事。有些歌词是反应时代背景，有些歌词则是反映了一部份的现实，发疯的人、杀人犯、杀了父母的小孩、卖掉小孩的父母…等等，在穷困的时代皆是常见的角色，把他们的故事写进童谣中，或许现在的人们看了会无法接受，但那却是一个历史的悲哀。 ==========+===================+====== =============+============= mother has killed me

53首中英文儿歌

什么是《My Very First Mother Goose》? 《My Very First Mother Goose》是关于一只鹅的故事吗？哈哈，不是。这是一本在英国广为流传的童谣集，里面有幽默故事、游戏、儿歌、谜语、催眠曲、字母歌、数数歌、绕口令等，就像小时候玩游戏念的“小白兔，白又白，两只耳朵竖起来”，朗朗上口，包含了英文发音的四十四种音素，是让孩子听觉敏锐的绝佳材料。以下是我们收录的53首童谣的中英文翻译，也是在我们读书俱乐部第一阶段给孩子们学习的内容之一。 1. Jerry Hall Jerry hall, He is so small, A rat could eat him Hat and all, 杰瑞何，个真小，老鼠都能吞下他，从帽子到脚。 2. Mable Mable Mabel, Mabel, Strong and able, Take your elbows off the table 美宝，美宝，强壮又能干，不要把手肘在桌子上。 3. Jack and Jill went up the hill Jack and Jill went up the hill, To fetch a pail of water; Jack fell down and broke his crown, And Jill came tumbling after. 杰克和吉儿上山

打一桶水；杰克摔了一跤,跌破他的牙床，吉儿跟着骨碌骨碌滚下來。 4. Shoo fly, don't bother me Shoo fly, don’t bother me, Shoo fly, don’t bother me, Shoo fly, don’t bother me, I belong to somebody. 咻，苍蝇，别烦我，咻，苍蝇，别烦我，咻，苍蝇，别烦我，我可没时间理你。 5. Humpty Dumpty sat on a wall Humpty Dumpty sat on a wall, Humpty Dumpty had a great fall. All the king’s horses and all the king’s men Couldn’t put Humpty together again. 蛋头先生墙上坐，蛋头先生跌下墙。所有国王的马儿和士兵，都没办法把他拼回去。 6. I'm Dusty Bill I’m Dusty Bill From Vinegat Hill, Never had a bath And I never will. 我是灰头比尔来自醋溜山丘，从来不洗澡，将来也不洗。 7. Down at the station, early in the morning Down at the station, early in the morning, See the little puffer-billies all in a row; See the engine-driver pull his little lever- Puff puff, peep peep, off we go! 大清早，到车站，

美国文学复习资料标准答案

1.The American Transcendentalists formed a club called _________ . the Transcendental Club 2.______ was regarded as the first great prose stylist of American romanticism. Washington Irving 3.At nineteen___________ published in his brother’s newspaper, his "Jonathan Oldstyle" satires of New York life. 4.In Washington Irving’s work___________ appeared the first modern short stories and the first great American juvenile literature. The Sketch Book 5.The first important American novelist was____________. James Fenimore Cooper 6.James Fenimore Cooper’s novel ___________ was a rousing tale about espionage against the British during the Revolutionary War.The Spy 7.The best of James Fenimore Cooper's sea romances was_____________.The Pilot 8."To a Waterfowl" is perhaps the peak of_______________’s work; it has been called by an eminent English critic “the most perfect brief poem in the language.”William Cullen Bryant 9.__________ was the first American to gain the stature of a major poet in the world literature. 10.Edgar Allan Poe’s poem____________ is perhaps the best example of onomatopoeia in the English language.The Bells 11.Edgar Allan Poe's poem____________ was published in 1845 as the title poem of a collection. The Raven 12.From Henry David Thoreau’s Concord jail experience, came his famous essay ______. Civil Disobedience By the 1830s Washington Irving was judged the nation' s greatest writer, a lofty position he later shared with James Fenimore Cooper and William Cullen Bryant. In the early nineteenth century, the attitude of American writers was shaped by their New World environment and an array of ideas inherited from the romantic tradition of Europe. As a moral philosophy, transcendentalism was neither logical nor systematical. The foundation of American national literature was laid by the early American romanticists. At mid-19th century, a cultural reawakening brought a "flowering of New England". Romantic writers in the 19th century placed increasing value on the free expression of emotion and displayed increasing attention to the psychic states of their characters. With a vast group of supporting characters, virtuous or villainous, James Fenimore Cooper made the America conscious of his past, and made the European conscious of America.

锅炉基础知识(相关知识)

1、锅炉额定蒸发量：蒸汽锅炉在额定蒸汽参数，额定给水温度，使用设计燃料并保证效率时所规定的蒸汽产量。 2、锅炉最大连续蒸发量：蒸汽锅炉在额定蒸汽参数，额定给水温度和使用设计燃料长期连续运行时所能达到的最大蒸发量。 3、锅炉额定蒸汽参数：过热器出口处额定蒸汽压力和额定蒸汽温度。 4、锅炉事故率：锅炉事故率=[事故停用小时数/（运行小时数+事故停用小时数）]×100% 5、锅炉可用率：锅炉可用率=[(运行总小时数+备用总小时数)/统计期间总时数]×100% 6、锅炉热效率：锅炉每小时的有效利用热量占输入锅炉全部输入热量的百分数。 7、锅炉钢材消耗率：锅炉单位蒸发量所用钢材的吨数。 8、连续运行小时数：两次检修之间运行的小时数。 1、发热量：单位质量或容积的燃料完全燃烧时所放出的热量。 2、高位发热量：单位量燃料完全燃烧，而燃烧产物中的水蒸汽全部凝结成水时所放出的全部热量，称为燃料的高位发热量。 3、低位发热量：单位燃料完全燃烧，而燃烧产物中的水蒸汽全部保持蒸汽状态时所放出的全部热量。 4、折算成分：指燃料对应于每4190kJ/kg收到基低位发热量的成分 5、标准煤：规定收到基低位发热量Qarnet=29270kJ/kg的煤。 6、煤的挥发分：失去水分的煤样在规定条件下加热时，煤中有机质分解而析出的气体。 7、油的闪点：在一定条件下加热液体燃料，液体表面上的蒸汽与空气的混合物在接触明火时发生短暂的闪火而又随即熄灭时的最低温度。 8、煤灰熔融性：在规定条件下随加热温度的变化灰的变形、软化、流动等物理状态的变化特性。 1、燃烧：燃料中可燃质与氧在高温条件下进行剧烈的发光放热的化学反应过程。 2、完全燃烧：燃烧产物中不再含有可燃物的燃烧。 3、不完全燃烧：燃烧产物中仍然含有可燃质的燃烧。 4、理论空气量：1kg收到基燃料完全燃烧而又没有剩余氧存在时，燃烧所需要的空气量。 5、过量空气系数：燃料燃烧时实际供给的空气量与理论空气量之比。即α=VK/V0 6、漏风系数：相对于1kg收到基燃料漏入的空气量ΔVK与理论空气量V0之比。 7、理论烟气量：按理论空气量供给空气，1kg燃料完全燃烧时生成的烟气量。 8、烟气焓：1kg固体或液体燃料所生成的烟气在等压下从0℃加热到θ℃所需要的热量。 9、烟气成分：烟气中某种气体的分容积占干烟气容积的百分数。一、名词解释 1、锅炉热平衡：在稳定工况下，输入锅炉的热量与锅炉输出热量的相平衡关系。 2、最佳过量空气系数：（q2+q3+q4）之和为最小时的过量空气系数。 3、排烟热损失q2：锅炉中排出烟气的显热所造成的热损失。 4、机械不完全燃烧损失q4：由于飞灰、炉渣和漏煤中的固体可燃物未放出其燃烧热所造成的损失。 5、化学未完全燃烧损失q3：锅炉排烟中含有残余的可燃气体未放出其燃烧热所造成的损失。

鹅妈妈童谣精简打印版

鹅妈妈童谣 2014-7-27

J erry Hall He is so small A cat could eat him Hat and all. M abel, Mabel, Strong and able, Take your elbows off the table. Chapter One Jack and Jill J ack and Jill went up the hill, To fetch a pail of water; Jack fell down and broke his crown, And Jill came tumbling after. S hoo fly, don't bother me, Shoo fly, don't bother me, Shoo fly, don't bother me, I belong to somebody. H umpty Dumpty sat on a wall, Humpty Dumpty had a great fall. All the king's horses and all the king's men,

Couldn't put Humpty together again. I'm Dusty Bill From Vinegar Hill, Never had a bath And I never will. D own at the station, early in the morning, See the little puffer-billies all in a row; See the engine-driver pull his little lever- Puff puff, peep peep, off we go!

(完整word版)英语专业美国文学复习资料。.docx

1. The History of American literature The literature of Colonial American (1607-1765) The literature of Reason and Revolution(1765 — 18 世纪末） The literature of Romanticism （ 1800— 1865） The literature of Realism （ 1865— 1918） The literature of Modernism （ 1918－ 1945） The contemporary literature (1945 －Now) 2.Benjamin Franklin The Autobiography That good fortune, when I reflected on it, which is frequently the case, has induced me something to say that were it left to my choice, I should have no objection to go over the same life from its beginning to the end, only asking the advantage authors have of correcting in a second edition some faults of the first. 3.Thomas Jefferson The Declaration of Independence We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable Rights, that among these are Life, Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness. 4.Edgar Allan Poe The Cask of Amontillado I must not only punish, but punish with impunity. A wrong is unredressed when retribution overtakes its redresser. It is equally unredressed when the avenger fails to make himself felt as such to him who has done the wrong. 5.Washington Irving Rip Van Winkle ( The Sketch Book ) “ Every change of season, every change of weather, indeed, every hour of the day, produces some change in the magical hues and shapes of these mountains, and they are regarded by all the good wives, far and near, as perfect barometers. When the weather is fair and settled, they are clothed in blue and purple, and print their bold outlines on the clear evening sky; but, sometimes, when the rest of the landscape is cloudless, they will gather a hood of gray vapors about their summits, which, in the last rays of the setting sun, will glow and light up like a crown of glory.” Interpretations of Rip Van Winkle A New Critical Approach : A peaceful village before Revolution Natural world in the mountains ; A noisy world after revolution ------Irving was unwilling to accept a modern democratic America------both Rip and Irving prefer the past and a dream-like world A Feminist Approach : Rip is a good person with more advantages than disadvantages, and readers always show sympathy on him because he has such bad-tempered wife. It seems that he has good reason to go out from his family. He was forced to go out . In fact , Rip: a lazy ,foolish man,an irresponsible father,a hard-hearted husband.His wife :a hard-working ,thrift woman, a kind ,responsible mother, an able, brave woman. 6.Summit of Romanticism (American Transcendentalism) Emerson Nature & Self-Reliance Thoreau Walden

燃煤锅炉司炉工培训讲义

二、燃煤锅炉优化燃烧及操作技术（一）链条锅炉的燃烧特点链条炉炉膛内燃料着火条件比较差，煤的着火主要依靠炉膛火焰和前后拱辐射热，因而煤的着火是从上向下、从后向前的方式着火，这样的燃烧过程，在炉排上就出现了明显的区域分层、分段燃烧。煤进入炉膛后，随着炉排逐渐由前向后缓慢移动，出现下述燃烧特点： 1、炉排前部是新进的煤，为燃料预热干燥和挥发份析出区。该区域处于负压区，燃料吸收热量阶段，风量不宜过大，第一道风箱风门应关闭，第二道风箱风门根据锅炉的负荷增大，煤湿度大等情况下，急需开启时方可开启。 2、在炉排中部，是焦炭燃烧区，该区域温度很高，同时进行着氧化和还原反应过程，放出大量热量，风量要充足，燃烧应充分。 3、在炉排的尾部，是灰渣燃尽区，对灰渣中剩余的焦炭急需燃烧，为此，尾部风量也不宜过大，燃尽区灰渣段不宜过长，防止过多冷风进入炉膛降低锅炉出力。（二）链条炉燃烧对煤的要求 1、煤的燃烧条件不同的煤种挥发份析出温度也不同，如：褐煤的析出温度为150~180o C，烟煤的析出温度为180~250 o C，无烟煤的析出温度为300~400 o C；不同的煤种燃料着火温度也不同，如：褐煤的着火温度为250~450 o C，烟煤的着火温度为400~500 o C，无烟煤的着火温度为600~700 o C。 2、链条炉燃烧对煤的要求

1）煤的低位发热量热值应在5000kcal/kg（大卡/公斤）左右，灰熔点大于1250 o C。 2）煤的颗粒度应小于40~50mm，碎煤量不大于30%，否则大颗粒的煤块在正常炉排速度下，无法燃尽，出现烧不透和炉渣含碳量高的现象。 3）煤的湿度应保持在3%~8%之间，即煤用手握紧后松开，煤在手上不会马上散开，而又不很湿为宜；如果煤湿度过大，应适当打大煤挡板，提高炉排转速；煤湿度过小，应适当关小煤挡板，降低炉排转速。 4）煤层厚度应在100~200mm之间，煤的颗粒大，给煤挡板适当开大，否则，应适当关小煤挡板。还应根据煤质情况调节煤层厚度：劣质煤煤层厚度应在100~180mm，非黏性煤煤层厚度应在80~140mm，黏性煤煤层厚度应在60~100mm。 5）上煤系统装有破碎机是链条炉经济燃烧很重要的条件，否则进炉煤颗粒大或部均匀，造成燃烧不完全损失大. 6）为改善链条炉燃烧条件需加装分层分行垄型给煤装置，目的是改善煤层透风条件，并实现垄型滚落燃烧，加强炉排上煤的辐射燃烧强度，使炉膛温度提高，加强燃烧作用。 7）煤仓主体设计应为倒塔式，但出口前有10~15度渐扩角，煤仓落煤管应做成整体式，不能做成分叉式，以免煤仓堵煤的现象出现。（三）链条锅炉启动点火的准备和操作方法 1、链条锅炉点火启动前，应检查热水循环系统，检查完毕即先行启动投入运行。 2、锅炉点火启动前，还应检查锅炉本体和锅炉辅机，使其处于完整和良好状态，试运转状态良好。

锅炉基础知识大全,涵盖各方面

锅炉基础知识大全，涵盖各方面锅炉的用途及工作原理：锅炉是国民经济中重要的热能供应设备。电力、机械、冶金、化工、纺织、造纸、食品等行业, 以及工业和民用采暖都需要锅炉供给大量的热能。) 锅炉是利用燃料燃烧释放出的热能或其他能量将工质( 中间载热体) 加热到一定参数的设备。应用于加热水使之转变为蒸汽的锅炉称为蒸汽锅炉,也称为蒸汽发生器。应用于加热水使之提高温度转变为热水的锅炉, 称为热水锅炉；而应用于加热有机热载体的锅炉称为有机热载体锅炉。从能源利用的角度看,锅炉是一种能源转换设备。在锅炉中,一次能源( 燃料) 的化学贮藏能通过燃烧过程转化为燃烧产物( 烟气和灰渣) 所载有的热能,然后又通过传热过程将热量传递给中间载热体( 例如水和蒸汽), 依靠它将热量输送到用热设备中去。这种传输热量的中间载热体属于二次能源,因为它的用途就是向用能设备提供能量。当中间载热体用于在热机中进行热一功转换时, 就叫做“工质“。如果中间载热体只是向热设备传输、提供热量以进行热利用,则通常被称为“热媒“。锅炉按其用途可以分为电站锅炉、工业锅炉、船舶锅炉和机车锅炉等四类。前两类又称为固定式锅炉,因为是安装在固定基础上而不可移动的。后两类则称为移动式锅炉。本文介绍的是固定式工业锅炉。在锅炉中进行着三个主要过程: （1）、燃料在炉内燃烧,其化学贮藏能以热能的形式释放出来,使火焰和燃烧产物( 烟气和灰渣) 具有高温。

（2）、高温火焰和烟气通过“受热面“向工质( 热媒) 传递热量。（3）、工质(热媒) 被加热,其温度升高或者汽化为饱和蒸汽,或再进一步被加热成为过热蒸汽。以上三个过程是互相关联并且同时进行的,实现着能量的转换和传递。伴随着能量的转换和转移还进行着物质的流动和变化: (1) 工质,例如给水( 或回水〉进入锅炉,最后以蒸汽( 或热水) 的形式供出。 (2) 燃料,例如煤进入炉内燃烧,其可燃部分燃烧后连同原含水分转化为烟气,其原含灰分则残存为灰渣。 (3) 空气送入炉内,其中氧气参加燃烧反应,过剩的空气和反应剩余的惰性气体混在烟气中排出。水一汽系统、煤一灰系统和风二烟系统是锅炉的三大主要系统, 这三个系统的工作是同时进行的。通常将燃料和烟气这一侧所进行的过程( 包括燃烧、放热、排渣、气体流动等) 总称为“炉内过程“; 把水、汽这一侧所进行的过程( 水和蒸汽流动、吸热、汽化、汽水分离、热化学过程等) 总称为“锅内过程“。第二章锅炉的分类一、按用途分类： 1. 电站锅炉：用于发电，大多为大容量、高参数锅炉，火室燃烧，效率高，出口工质为过热蒸汽。

最受小学生欢迎的20首英文儿歌,快带学生唱起来!

《Twinkle Twinkle Little Star 》一闪一闪亮晶晶这首家喻户晓的英文儿歌，陪伴无数个孩子度过夜晚时光。相信不止是孩子，这首简单而又温馨的经典儿歌，也陪我们度过了美好的童年岁月。《The Wheels on the Bus 》巴士上的轮子《The wheels on the bus》是一首在英国耳熟能详的童谣。迪斯尼最爱儿歌系列收录了最受欢迎的100首迪斯尼童谣，它可是首当其冲，同时它也入选了廖彩杏书单。这首歌通过坐公车看到的各种景物，让孩子一点点认识世界。它的歌词简单押韵，曲调轻松活泼，风趣幽默，给人带来一种非常欢快的感觉。《Bingo 》《Bingo》是一首节奏活泼、语言简单、旋律动听的拼字童谣。这首歌的大意是：有一个农夫有一只小狗小狗的名字叫Bingo B-I-N-G-O, B-I-N-G-O, B-I-N-G-O （读一遍每个字母）小狗的名字叫Bingo 怎么样，很简单吧，快快学起来唱给孩子听吧。《Itsy Bitsy Spider 》很忙的小蜘蛛整首歌都在强调“never give up”：通往目的的路上，会有风雨，会有困难，但是我们不会放弃，因为我们拥有阳光。歌词大意是：小蜘蛛爬上了排水口，下起了雨，把蜘蛛冲走了，太阳出来了，雨水干了，小蜘蛛又爬上了排水口。《Old McDonald Had a Farm》老麦克唐纳有个农场这首家喻户晓的美国童谣，歌词大意是农民老麦当劳有个农场，那里有好多

不同的动物，它们都有各自独特的叫声。《Row row row your boat 》划船歌这首划船歌，歌词简单，一学就会。歌曲描述的是小朋友划船时愉快的情景，可以一边听一边和孩子蹦蹦跳跳。叮当最近在学说话，每次听这歌都特别兴奋，嘴里含糊不清地念叨“Row row”，这时，我会坐下来，双腿伸直加装是小船，然后把他放在穿上，抓住他的胳膊假装划船，左右摇摆，忽上忽下，划啊划…… 《Rain rain go away 》雨，雨，快走开这是一首关于下雨的儿歌，描述了孩子被雨困在家中的心情，很容易引起孩子的共鸣。歌词非常短，大意是小朋友因为下雨不能出门玩耍，内心惆怅，希望雨快快走开，改天再来。 Rain rain go away 雨儿雨儿快走开 Come again another day 改天再来吧 Little Betty wants to play 小Betty想要出去玩 Rain rain go away. 雨儿雨儿快走开《Five little monkeys 》五只猴子《Five Little Monkeys》是我特别喜欢的一首儿歌，不仅韵律性很强，情节也特别有趣。歌词大意是五只小猴子，到了该睡觉的时候，却都在床上蹦蹦跳跳，他们一只接着一只地掉下床，摔疼了脑袋。最后五只猴子都受伤了，去老老实实地睡觉了……

美国文学资料整理

1、The first American writer is Captain John Smith. The first governor of Plymouth is William Bradford.（第一位殖民地女诗人） 2、Puritan thoughts: as the world itself hints, Puritans wanted to make pure their religious beliefs and practices. The Puritan was a “would-be purifier.”The beliefs and practices characteristic of Puritans (most of whom were Calvinists who wished to purify the Church of England of its Catholic aspects) Puritans was the name given in the 16th century to the more extreme Protestants within the Church of England who thought the English Reformation had not gone far enough in reforming the doctrines and structure of the church; they wanted to purify their national church by eliminating every shred of Catholic influence. In the 17th century many Puritans emigrated to the New World, where they sought to found a holy Commonwealth in New England. Puritanism remained the dominant cultural force in that area into the 19th century. 3、The literature of reason--- Enlightenment. Enlightenment was originated in Europe in the 17th century, to use critical reason to free minds from prejudice, authority, and oppression. (1)The 18th-century American Enlightenment was a movement marked by an emphasis on rationality rather than tradition, scientific inquiry instead of unquestioning religious dogma, and representative government in place of monarchy. (2)Enlightenment thinkers and writers were devoted to the ideals of justice, liberty, and equality as the natural rights of man. (3)The colonists who would form a new nation were firm believers in the power of reason; they were ambitious, inquisitive, optimistic, practical, politically astute, and self-reliant.(4)Colony----State Enlightenment in religion—DEISM

(完整word版)鹅妈妈童谣53首中英文对照歌词(廖彩杏书单)

53首鹅妈妈童谣中英文对照什么是《My Very First Mother Goose》? 《My Very First Mother Goose》是关于一只鹅的故事吗？哈哈，不是。这是一本在英国广为流传的童谣集，里面有幽默故事、游戏、儿歌、谜语、催眠曲、字母歌、数数歌、绕口令等，就像小时候玩游戏念的“小白兔，白又白，两只耳朵竖起来”，朗朗上口，包含了英文发音的四十四种音素，是让孩子听觉敏锐的绝佳材料。 1. Jerry Hall Jerry hall, He is so small, A rat could eat him Hat and all, 杰瑞何，个真小，老鼠都能吞下他，从帽子到脚。 2. Mable Mable Mabel, Mabel, Strong and able, Take your elbows off the table 美宝，美宝，强壮又能干，不要把手肘在桌子上。 3. Jack and Jill went up the hill Jack and Jill went up the hill, To fetch a pail of water; Jack fell down and broke his crown, And Jill came tumbling after. 杰克和吉儿上山打一桶水；杰克摔了一跤,跌破他的牙床，吉儿跟着骨碌骨碌滚下來。4. Shoo fly, don't bother me Shoo fly, don’t bother me, Shoo fly, don’t bother me, Shoo fly, don’t bother me, I belong to somebody. 咻，苍蝇，别烦我，咻，苍蝇，别烦我，咻，苍蝇，别烦我，我可没时间理你。 5. Humpty Dumpty sat on a wall Humpty Dumpty sat on a wall, Humpty Dumpty had a great fall. All the king’s horses and all the king’s men Couldn’t put Humpty together again.蛋头先生墙上坐，蛋头先生跌下墙。所有国王的马儿和士兵，都没办法把他拼回去。 6. I'm Dusty Bill I’m Dusty Bill From Vinegat Hill, Never had a bath And I never will. 我是灰头比尔来自醋溜山丘，从来不洗澡，将来也不洗。