英语备战2021高考：高考英语二轮复习知识点

名词

研究近年来高考题我们不难看出，名词部分主要考察名词的词义辨析和习惯搭配、名词的数(可数与不可数、单数与复数)、名词的所有格、抽象名词的具体化、物质名词的量化、名词和冠词的搭配以及主谓一致等。在高考试题中，名词常结合其他项目一起考察，考察题型以单项选择、短文改错、完形填空、语篇中的名词词义理解、及写作部分等。

单项填空对名词的考察重点放在名词词义辨析，特别是同义词和近义词的辨析上。名词的习惯用法、一词多义、抽象名词具体化，名词动用等方面也是考察的重点。

一、对同义词、近义词的考查

1、 At the meeting they discussed three different_______to the study of mathematics。

A.approaches

B.means

C.methods

D.ways

【答案】D。

【解析】在会议上他们讨论了三种不同的学习数学的方法。way意为“方式，方法”，可指具体的方法，也可指抽象的方法，多指一般的思想、行动、办事的方法，也可指个人特殊的方式、方法。approach意为“接近，靠近，方式，方法”，指接近某人或某事，也可指对待或处理事情的方式或方法。mean意为“方式，方法”，用于抽象意义，可指为达到某一目的而采用的方法、计划、政策、策略等，尤指整套方法;用于具体意义，常指为达到某一目的所使用的工具、材料、机器、用具、车船等。method意为“方式，方法”，指具体的、系统的、有步骤的方法，强调条理性及高效率。

【备考提示】面对英语学习中的大量近义词，仅凭母语我们往往无法把它们真正理解和解释清楚。要尽可能地多翻阅英语词典，注意并比较它们的基本义，用英语的思维方式和语言来解释和理解它们。

二、对相似词的考查

2、Always read the_______on the bottle carefully and take the right amount of medicine.

A. explanations

B. instructions

C. descriptions

D. introductions

【答案】B。

【解析】从选项中名词的拼写来看，不但形式相似，都是以tions为后缀，而且instructions 和introductions读音也相似，我们平时如果不注意单词的辨形、辨音，很容易混淆，再加上四个单词的含义也相似，有的考生被弄得晕头转向。本题要求在辨形的基础上还要知道这几个词的含义：explanation，“解释”;instruction，“说

明”;description，“描述”;introduction，“介绍”。本句的意思是“必须仔细阅读药瓶上的说明，按量服用”。答案是B。

三、易错的新版教材名词固定搭配

作为对新版教材的体现，新版教材里的一些新出现的名词固定搭配得到了较多的一种考查。

3、______achievement，last week’s mi nisterial meeting of the WTO here earned

a low,though not failing，grade.

A.In terms of

B.In case of

C.As a result of

D.In face of

【答案】A。

【解析】语境为：就成绩而言，上周WTO在这里的部长级会议得分不高，尽管还不至于不及格。B项表“如果”，C项表“因为”，D项表“面对……”，A项表“关于、至于”，符合题意。

4、You have been sitting on my hat and now it is badly out of______。

A.date

B.shape

C.order

D.balanee

【答案】B。

【解析】你坐在我帽子上，帽子已严重变形了。out of shape意为“变形”;out of date 意为“过时”：out of order意为“混乱”;out ofbalance 意为“失衡”。

【备考提示】面对教材里的词组、搭配，我们要注意收集和整理，并尤其要加强新出现的固定搭配的记忆和分类汇总。

四、考察单词基本义的引申和拓展

近年来，常见单词的陌生义项在高考试题中不时出现，给部分考生造成了不小的障碍。

5、To make members of a team perform better,the trainer first of all has to know their _____ and weaknesses.

A.strengths

B.benefits

C.techniques

D.values

【答案】A。

【解析】语境为：要使队员表现得更好，教练员首先得清楚每个队员的优点和缺点。B 项表“利益、好处”，不合题意。而A项除表体力外，还可引申为可数名词something providing force or power优点、强项，符合语境。

【备考提示】平时多翻阅英语词典，尽可能了解最常见单词的新义项。同时，加强英语材料的接触，拓展自己的知识面，提高自己的英语水平。

【精选试题】名校模拟题及其答案

1、To the great of the citizens, no one else was infected with H1N1 except the

12 confirmed cases .

A. relaxation

B. disappointment

C. relief

D. surprise

(湖北省黄冈中学2010届高三年级9月月考)

2、The twentieth century has witnessed an enormous worldwide political, economic and cultural________.

A.transplant

B.transformation

C.transportation

D.translation

(河南省实验中学2009—2010高三第一次月考)

3、The map was drawn to the standard _____ of 1:100,000. So there was not much detail.

A. route

B. line

C. rate

D.scale

(河南省实验中学2009—2010高三第一次月考)

4、Achieving a high degree of proficiency in English as a foreign language is not a mysterious

without scientific basis.

[A] process [B] practice [C] procedure [D] program

(江苏南通九校2009—2010高三第一次月考)

5、Mr Smith had an unusual :he was first an office clerk, then a sailor,and ended up as a school teacher.

[A] profession [B] occupation [C] position [D] career

(江苏南通九校2009—2010高三第一次月考)

6、Because of its intimacy,radio is usually more than just a medium;it is .

[A] firm [B] company [C] corporation [D]business

(山东潍坊2009—2010高三第一次月考)

7、The financial crisis has put the world economy in a difficult _________.

A. occasion

B. condition

C. evaluation

D. situation

(合肥市2009高三第一次质量检测)

8.—Paul has gone abroad to try his luck.

—In my _______, his decision is not wise.

A. word

B. view

C. sight

D. way

(福建省普通高中2009年毕业班单科质量检查)

9.—Jack Brown is very clever and he studies hard as well.

—No ________ he comes out first in the exams.

A. answer

B. question

C. wonder

D. problem

(宁波市2009年第一次教学质量检测)

10. As is well known, the brain performs a very important _______, which controls the nerve system of the body.

A.motion

B. action

C. function

D. fact

(烟台市2009年高三年级模块检测)

11. At the meeting they discussed three different to the study of mathematics.

A. means

B. methods

C. ways

D. approa~ hes

12. The of Green Olympics, High-tech Olympics and People's Olympics will allow Beijing to become the focal point for tourists fr.m across the globe.

A. theme

B. purpose

C. task

D. brand

13. On yesterday's interview, he didn' t make a(n) at all ; what' s the matter with him?

A. apology

B. appearance

C. difference

D. change

14.--If you like,l can do some shopping for you.

--It's a very kind

A. service

B. point

C. suggestion

D. offer

15. It was difficult to guess what her to the news would be.

A. feeling

B. opinion

C. comment

D. reaction

16. What he told us about the situation simply doesn't make any

A. sense

B. idea

C. meaning

D. mistake

17. Increasing supplies of fruits and vegetables to enable all people to have ____ to them is a major challenge.

A. attempt

B. allowance

C. access

D. admission

18. Jeff,a British hiker,has prepared a variety of clothes of different for his travel from South China to the Noah.

A. measures

B. weights

C. sizes

D. lengths

19. We need to consider what we will be using for language training.

A. abilities

B. appliances

C. facilities

D. qualities

20. Most air pollution is caused by the burning of like coal, gas and oil.

A. fuels

B. articles

C. goods

D. products

2l. The kind of office equipment will certainly make a(n) to the way 1 do my job.

A. sense

B. difference

C. effect

D. meaning

22. l was really unwilling to play chess with him, but 1 had to meet the from him.

A. demand

B. challenge

C. need

D. competition

23. He isn' t honest at all. Under no should you lend him any money.

A. time

B. case

C. circumstances

D. means

24. Don' t try to persuade ynur boss ; he won ' t have the of employing me --

a fresh student.

A. intention

B. attention

C. sense

D. attraction

25. When he first went for treatment at the hospital he seemed to be a hopeless

A. situation

B. case

C. condition

D. state

26. I bought a new type of cellphone, which was the of all my classmates.

A. wish

B. respect

C. envy'

D. admire

27. There' s no from my bedroom window except for some factory chimneys.

A. view

B. scene

C. sight

D. look

28. The Chinese are looking forward to the first to land on the Moon after Yang Liwei's successful trip to space.

A. measure

B. attempt

C. purpose

D. desire

29. She is in a poor of health, which worries her mother very much.

A. position

B. situation

C. state

D. condition

30. Some famous singers live on the from their record sales.

A. salary

B. value

C. bill

D. income

【答案与解析】

1C【解析】句意为为了市民的极大的安慰，没有其他人被感染，除了12个确诊病例H1N1病毒。C符合题意，变革。

【命题意图与考点定位】特定语境中的名词的辨析。

2B【解析】句意为在政治、经济、文化等方面，二十世纪经历了一场全球范围的大变革。选项中三个选项前缀trans-(转移，变换)，B符合题意，变革。

【命题意图与考点定位】特定语境中的名词的辨析。

3D【解析】scale在此题中意指“(实物与地图、图解等代表物间的)比例，比例尺”.be drawn to be standard scale of 1/100,000(按照十万分之一标准比例尺绘制)。

【命题意图与考点定位】特定语境中的名词辨析。

4A[解析] 近义名词辨析，该句的主语是动名词结构achieving…，谓语是is，表语是not a mysterious …。空格处填入的是表语的核心名词，介词结构without science basis 作后置定语修饰该名词。practice意为“练习，实践”，program意为“节目，程序，计划”，

两者不符合句意，首先排除。procedure和process都可表示“过程”，但procedure强调过程中经历的程序、手续、步骤，如：Making a complaint is a simple procedure.(申诉的手续相当简单。)process则指(为达到某一目标的)过程、进程，如：Coming off the drug was a long and painful process for him.(戒毒对他是个漫长、痛苦的过程。)本句强调的是学习英语的过程，应选[A]process。

句意为：在作为外语的英语方面达到很高水平并非是一种毫无科学根据的神秘过程。

5D[解析] 名词辨析，profession指“(需要教育、大量训练和专门学习的法律、医学、教育等脑力劳动方面的)专业或职业”，如：the professions of law, medicine, and engineering(法律、医学和工程职业)。occupation意为“职业，行业，位置”，指成为正常的生活来源的一项活动，如：He has no fixed occupation. (他没有固定职业。) position 意为“(雇用)职位，工作，职务”，如：He’s got a good position.(他谋得一份好工作。)career可指“事业, 生涯”，也可指“某人工作经历或事业上取得成就的总的过程或进程”，如：an officer with a distinguished career(有着卓越成就的军官)。题句冒号后的内容是对前面的补充说明，即，介绍了史密斯先生一生从事过的工作，这些工作单独来看是职业，但总的来看，是他的生涯。因此，应选[D]career。

[句意] 史密斯先生有着不寻常的人生：他起初当过办公室职员，然后当海员，最终做了一名教师。

6B[解析] 名词辨析，乍一看，选项的四个词都有“公司、企业”的意思，但是这个解释不合句意，这时考生需要考虑词汇的引申义。[B]company除了表示“公司”，还有“同伴、陪伴”之意，如：I enjoy his company.(我喜欢和他在一起。)[B]代入后，符合句意，为正确选项。由于收音机给人以亲切感，所以它不只是一个媒体，还可以与人作伴。

7 D【解析】经济危机使世界经济陷入困难的境地。A场合;B状况，条件;C评价。

8 B【解析】in my view=in my opinion 我认为他的决定不明智。

9 C【解析】It is no wonder that/ No wonder…为固定句型，意为：难怪……。

本句句意为：难怪他在考试中老是第一。

10 C【解析】句意：众所周知，大脑起着重要的作用，它控制着人体的神经系统。A项移动，运动;B项行动，function功能，作用。w.w.w.k.s.5.u.c.o.m

11 D 。【解析】四个选项的本义都是方法.但是从后面的介词to可以确定，D为正确答案。

12 A 。【解析】theme主题;purpose目的;task任务;brand商标，牌子。结合语境可知A为最佳答案。

13 B 。【解析】句意为昨天的向试，他根本没露面。他出什么事了。make an apology 道歉;make an appearance露面，在场;make a difference有变化，有影响;make a change 有改变。由句意可知，答案选B。

14 D。【解析】从上句看是说话者主动提出帮助，本句是对说话者的答谢，所以答案选D。

15 D。【解析】考查名词辨析。feeling感觉，态度;opinion意见，看法;comment评论，解释;reaction对……的反应，结台本题语境可知，D为最佳答案。

16 A。【解析】make sense 等于be reasonable合情合理，，

17 C。【解析】have access to do sth固定搭配。

1 8 B。【解析】different weights不同的重量，结合句子内容可知，此处指的是从南到北气候可能有差异，所穿服装也应该有所不同，所答案选B。

19 C。【解析】考查名词同义辨析，句意：我们必须考虑我们将使用什么样的设备进行语言培训。appliance指(家用)电器;facility指某方面的设施，设备，如：public facilities 公共设施。

20A。【解析】由题干中的coal, gas and oil.可知，这些都是燃料，故正确答案为A。article物品;goods货物，商品;product产品.均不符合句意。

21 B。【解析】句意为这样的办公设备无疑将会对我的工作方式产生影响。make sense 有意义，讲得通;makek a difference to sb/sth对……产生影响;have an effect of sth 对…·有影响。故答案选B。

22 B。【解析】句意为我实在不愿意和他下棋，但我不得不迎接他的挑战。challenge 挑战，符合句意。

23 C。【解析】句意为他很不诚实，任何情况下都别借给他钱，under no cimumstances 意思为在任何情况下都不，位于句首时句子要部分倒装。

24 A 。【解析】句意为别费力说服你的老板了，他不想雇用我这个大一学生。Have the intention of doig sth打算做某事.有做某事的意刚，是习惯用法。

25 B。【解析】考察近义词辨析。由treatment at the hospital 可知，case此处意为病人。

26 C 。【解析】句意为我买了一部新款式的手机，当然便成了同学们羡慕的对象。wish 愿望;respect尊敬;envy羡慕(或嫉妒)的对象;admire感叹，称赞。故答案选C。

27 A 。【解析】句意为除了一些工厂的烟囱外，从我卧室看不到任何风景。view自然美景，风景;scene景色，景象;sight情景，景象;look容貌，外表，由句意可知，答案选A。

28.B。【解析】考察名词词义辨析。，句意：在杨利伟成功邀游太空后，中围人民正盼望着登月的第一次尝试。measure措施;attempt试图，尝试;pu rpose目的;desire渴望，欲望。故答案选B。

29 C 。【解析】state(精神、身体)状态，情况;position处境，地位;situation状况，形势;condition状态，状况。此处表示身体状况，故答案选C。

30D。【解析】句意为一些著名歌手依靠卖唱片的收入谋生。表示收入的单词是income。故答案选D。

冠词

高考对冠词的考查几乎每年都有一道题，而且都设两空，以增加覆盖面和难度。考生在冠词试题上失分较多，主要是缺乏语感，对一些知识点掌握不够透彻。高考冠词主要考查其基本用法，包括定冠词与不定冠词的区别用法、名词前省略冠词的场合、特指与泛指的区分以及习语中冠词的用法等。

考点一、考查不定冠词a / an表示个别或泛指的用法

1. How about taking_____short break? I want to make_____call.

A. the; a

B. a; the

C. the; the

D. a; a

【解析】答案为D。take a short break“休息一会儿”，make a call“打一个电话”。

2. Christmas is_____special holiday when_____whole family are supposed to get together.

A. the; the

B. a; a

C. the; a

D. a; the

【解析】答案为D。a special holiday指“某一个特别的节日”;the whole family 为特指。

考点二、考查定冠词the特指某一个人或事物的用法

1. I looked under_____bed and found books I lost last week.

A. the; a

B. the;the

C. 不填;the

D. the; 不填

【解析】答案为B。此题中的the bed和the books都为特指。the bed 指“所看的床”;the books指“所丢的书”。

2. I like_____color of your skirt. It is good match for your blouse.

A. a; the

B. a; a

C. the; a

D. the; the

【解析】答案为C。 the color指“你衬衫的颜色”;a good match泛指“和你的外

套相配的一种好颜色”。

考点三、考查不定冠词及零冠词的习惯搭配

1. George couldn’t remember when he first met Mr. Anderson, but he was sure

it was Sunday because everybody was at church.

A. /; the

B. the; /

C. a; /

D. /; a

【解析】答案为C。a Sunday泛指某一个星期天;at church为固定搭配，不用冠词，意为“在做礼拜”。

2. Many people have come to realize that they should go on_____balanced diet and makeroom in their day for exercise.

A. a; /

B. the; a

C. the; the

D. /; a

【解析】答案为A。a balanced diet泛指“一种平衡的饮食”;make room为固定搭配，意为“腾出空间”。

考点四、考查不定冠词在具体化的抽象名词前的用法

1. —How about_____Christmas evening party?

—I should say it was_____success.

A. a; a

B. the; a

C. a; 不填

D. the; 不填

【解析】答案为B。the Christmas evening party为特指刚结束的圣诞晚会;a success 考查抽象名词具体化时的不定冠词用法。success原为抽象名词，不可数, 但在此处已经完全具体化而变为可数名词。题中a success意为“一次成功的晚会”。当抽象名词表示具有某种特性、状态、情感、情绪的人和事时，这个抽象名词已经变为可数名词，再如What a pleasant surprise you gave us! 意为“你真的给我们带来了惊喜”。

【精选试题】名校模拟题及其答案

1(盐城中学高一年级12月份阶段考试，21)We’ll be traveling by ________ camel across the desert before we go to ________university.

A. /; the

B. the; /

C. /; /

D. the; a

2(沈阳二中2008—2009学年度上学期12月月考，8)Richard Powers’ The Echo Maker, ____ novel set in ___ small town of Kearney, Nebraska, US, has won the 57th US National Book Award for fiction.

A. the; the

B. a; a;

C. a; the

D. /; the

3(辽宁省营口市08-09学年普通高中高二上学期期末质量检测，1)He is in ____ control of the company. I mean, the company is in ____ control of him.

A. the; /

B. /; the

C. the; the

D. /; /

4(银川市实验中学2009届高三年级第三次月考，33)Now that Tom hates_______ school, the school becomes_______ prison to him

A. a;a

B. /;a

C. a;/

D. /;/

5(宁夏银川一中2009届高三年级第三次月考，21)In _____ preparation for the launching of Shenzhou Ⅶ, scientists need ______ knowledge of weather changes.

A.the; the

B.a; ∕

C.∕; a

D.the; a

6(山东济南高二英语08-09期末统考试题，33)Because of ______ high demand for Type AB blood, ______ supplies of it are usually limited.

A. the; the

B. 不填; 不填

C. 不填; the

D. a; the

7.The sign reads “In case of ____ fire, br eak the glass and push ____ red button. ”

A. 不填;a

B. 不填;the

C. the; the

D. a; a

8.I earn 10 dollars ____ hour as ____ supermarket cashier on Saturdays.

A. a; an

B. the; a

C. an; a

D. an; the

9.There’s ____ dictionary on ____ desk by your side.

A. a; the

B. a; a

C. the; a

D. the; the

10.—Where is my blue shirt?

—It’s in the washing machine. You have to wear ____ different one.

A. any

B. the

C. a

D. other

11. If you have got temperature without coughing and headache，perhaps you have caught cold.Just stay in bed .Don’t think that you have got HINl.

A the;the;不填

B a;a;不填

C.a;the;the D a：a：the

12 As global warming continues to be major concern for the future of our planet，people are starting to turn to gmen living practices to help save it for future generations.

A. a：the

B.a;不填 C不填;the D.the;the

13.Every second day he went to the library for some books to read. But after

a page or two，he would put the book down and pick up new one

A.the：a B不填;龇 C th。;the D不填;a

14 The education of young has become hot and serious topic in the present society.

A the;不填

B.a;the

C.不填;the D the;a

15 He has good knowledge of many foreign languages，and one of them is English which is language spoken by many people in the world.

A the：a B.a;the C.a;a D.the;the

16 Throughout history nan has had to accept fact that all living things must die.

A the：the B。;a C不填;the D不填;不填

17一Was problem solved?

一We were trying to think of way out，but it was impossible to find one.

A a：the

B the;a C.the;不填D。;。

18.I am in charge of the class which was in charge of my wife.

A.不填：the B不填;不填 C the;不填D the;the

19 While music is just so-so， story in this TV play is quite moving

A the：the B不填;不填 C.the;a D不填;the

20.According to World Health Organization，health care plans are needed in all big cities to prevent spread of AIDS

A the：the B.th。;不填 C.a;a D不填;the

21 Nowadays Intenet is becoming increasingly popular and new high speed broadband network has recently started.

A a;the

B the;a

C a;a

D the;the

22.We made Xiao Ming monitor at the class meeting last Saturday，since ten students have been looking after the old man by turns，including monitor

A our;不填 B不填;the C.the;the D.a;our

23 It was reposed by the foreign media that the 29th Beijing Olympic Games was unique and successful event in Olympic history.

A a;不填 B.the;the C.不填;the D.a;the

24 As is known，it was Hu Jintao， presidem in our nation，who gave lecture at the opening ceremony of Beijing Olympics。

A the;a

B the;不填 C;the D不填;a

25 Love is way of life，but not aim of it

A.the;the

B.a;the C a;all D.the;an

26 Many people have come to realize that they should go on balanced diet and make room in heir day for exercise.

A.the;不填 B the;a C the;the D不填;a

27 1 wanted to catch early train，but couldn’t get ride to the station

A an;the B不填;the C an;不填D the;a

28 Gorge couldn’t remember when he first met Mr Anderson.but he was sure it was Sunday because everybody was at church

A不填;the B the;不填 C;不填 D不填：a

29 Polar bears live mostly on sea ice，which they useas platform for hunting seals。

A.a;a

B.a;the C不填;a D the;不填

30. waIk is expected to last all day，so bring packed lunch

A.A;a

B.The;不填

C.The;a

D.A;不填

——答案与解析——

1.C【解析】by +camel 表示乘坐交通工具，中间不用任何冠词;go to university 上大学固定搭配。

2 C【解析】一本小说，可数;特指某个城镇，用定冠词。

3 B【解析】in control of 人控制某事某物;in the control of 某事某物在人的控制下。

4 B【解析】学校专有名词这个时候不加，泛指;像一座监狱，可数名词。

5 C【解析】in preparation for 固定搭配;a knowledge of 某一门知识，这个时候可数。

6 D【解析】a demand for 固定搭配一个…需求;专指前面AB血型的供给。

7 B【解析】fire 表示火，抽象不可数，那个红色的按钮特指。

8 C【解析】一个小时可数，而且读音开头是元音，所以用an;作为一个超市收银员也是泛指可数.

9. A【解析】桌子上有一本词典，不具体所指;你身边的桌子特指。

10. C【解析】泛指另外一件T恤。

11 B。【解析】第一空和第二空是抽象名词具体化。此时temperature表示发烧,cold 表示感冒，应加不定冠词。第三空in bed是固定短语，意为躺在床上。

12 B。【解析】第一空用不定冠词，表示人们关心的事情之一;第二窄空后而是复数名词，前面不加冠词。

13.D。【解析】.Every second day每隔一天，中间不加冠词;第二空表示泛指，用不定冠词a，所以答案选D。

14 D。【解析】第一空the young是定冠词加形容词可表示一类人;第二空表示泛指一个，此处意为已经成为一个热门而义严肃的话题。

15 B。【解析】have a good knowledge of对……很了解;第二空表示特指，因为后面有定语修饰。

16 C。【解析】history为抽象名词，其前不加冠词;fact后带有同位语.应表示特指，所以答案选C。

17 B。【解析】第一空指说话双方都知道的事情，所以用定冠词;第二空的意思是想出一个好方法，way是可数名词，所以应该用不定冠词，因此答案选B。

18 A.【解析】句意：我在管理由我妻子管理的班级。in charge of负责，管理，其主语通常是人，in the charge of由……负责或管理，其主语通常是物。故答案选A。

19 A。【解析】本题的两个设空之处都指的是说话双方都明白的事情，应该用定冠词，所以答案选A。

20 A。【解析】世界卫生组织前应该用定冠词;第二空特指疾病的传播，也应该用定冠词。故答案为A。

21 B，【解析】Intenet为专有名词，成用the来修饰;而一条新的高速宽带网为泛指，用不定冠词a来修饰。

22 B。【解析】动词make之后用作补语的名词monitor (班长)表示职位，故不加冠词。第二空用定冠词the,表特指(即上文提到的我们选出的班长)。

23 D。【解析】考查冠词的特指与泛指用法。第一空表示某类事物中的一个用不定冠词，第二空特指奥林匹克历史，用定冠词。

24 D。【解析】表示职位的名词president作同位语，其前不加冠词;give a lecture 为固定用法，意思是做演讲。

25 B。【解析】第一个空为a way of life一种生活方式，表泛指;第二个空用the,特指生活的目的。故选B。

26 A。【解析】考查固定搭配中冠词的用法。get ona diet节食，make room for抽出时间或空间，room是不可数名词。

27 D。【解析】the early train早班车，为习惯说法。后半句的意思是：但是却没有赶上去火车站的车。get a ride搭便车。

28 C。【解析】此处意为但是他确信那是一个星期天，因为大家都在做礼拜。be at chutch 做礼拜。

29 C。【解析】ice是不可数名词，表泛指时不需要用冠词;platform是可数名词，用a表示泛指。

30 C。【解析】第一空用the表示说话双方都知道的事情;第二空用a，表泛指。

代词

代词在近几年高考试题中的复现率为100%，每年至少测试一道题。测试代词常用对话形式，构成特定语境，考查考生灵活运用代词的能力。代词指代的范围、作主语时主谓一致

的用法、易混不定代词的细微差别都是高考的必考点。其中不定代词one，the one，ones

与that，those，it的用法区别。

考点一? 考查one(s), that, those, it的用法

[考点解读]

● one泛指一个人或物?其复数形式为ones? one和the one作同位语时,如果与其同

位的词语是特指,则用the one;如果是泛指,则用one,?

● that指代前面提到过的名词,常有后置定语? that的复数形式是those? that可指代单数可数名词(= the one), 也可指代不可数名词,或指代前面提到过的一件事?

● it可指代前面提到过的一个名词,如例7;指代一件事,如例8;指代不明性别的婴儿

或不明确的人,也可指代时间?天气?距离等0?

二? 考查all, both, either, neither, none, no one的用法

[考点解读]

● both表示“两个人或物都”,具有肯定含义; either表示“两者中的任何一个”,

如例13; neither表示“两者都不”?

● all表示“全部”,指三者或三者以上的人或物,;all也可笼统地表示“一切,所有”, none表示“三者或三者以上的人或物的全部否定”,在与of连用或回答how many/much的

提问时只能用none, no one表示“没有一个人”,

三? 考查another, the other, others, the others的用法

[考点解读]

● another泛指三个或三个以上的人或物中不确定的另一个,如例19? another还可以作形容词,表示“另一个的”

● the other指已知的两个人或物中的另一个

● others和“other + 名词”均泛指“别的人或物”

● the others指“一定范围内其余的人或物”,如例23?如果被指代的名词是不可数名词,则用the rest替代,

四? 考查(a) little, (a) few, some, any的用法

[考点解读]

● few和little可用作代词和形容词? few和a few可以修饰或代替可数名词复数? few 有否定含义, a few有肯定含义, little和a little可以修饰或代替不可数名词? little 有否定含义, a little含肯定含义?

● some和any表示“一些”,可用作代词和形容词? some用于肯定句,例31; any用于否定句?疑问句和条件句中, some也可用于疑问句,如例32和例33; any也可用于肯定陈述句中,表示“任何一个”。

五? 考查something, somebody, someone, anything, anybody, anyone, nothing, nobody, everything, everybody的用法及它们与else的搭配

[考点解读]

● 由some和any构成的不定代词的用法和some和any的用法基本一致?

● nothing和nobody/no one表示全部否定?

● 无论在肯定句?否定句还是疑问句中, everything和everyone (everybody) 都表示“全部,所有”?

● 不定代词后跟else时,表示“另外的,其他的”;形容词修饰

something/anything/nothing时,应置于不定代词之后?以上不定代词连写时,不和of连

用,every one可和of连用?

【精选试题】名校模拟题及其答案

1. I agree with most of what you said, but I don’t agree with ______.

A. everything

B. anything

C. something

D. nothing

2. “What do you think of them?” “I don’t know _____ is better, so I’ve taken _____ of them.”

A. what, both

B. what, none

C. which, both C. which, none

3. “Would you like a cup of coffee or a glass of beer?” “____ will do, but milk is _____ popular with me.”

A. Neither, not

B. Both, more

C. Either, the most

D. All, the most

4. I read about it in some book or other, does it matter _____ it was?

A. where

B. what

C. how

D. which

5“Who told you?” “Oh, somebody or other, I’ve forgotten _____.”

A. what

B. when

C. which

D. who

6.Some of the students were late for the meeting, but I can’t remember _____.

A. what

B. when

C. which

D. whom

7. These trousers are dirty and wet —I’ll change into my _____.

A. another

B. trousers

C. others

D. other

8. Her lecture was hard to follow because she kept jumping from one subject to _____.

A. other

B. the other

C. the others

D. another

9. There are four bedrooms, ______ with its own bathroom.

A. all

B. each

C. every

D. either

10. “It’s said that he is a wise leader.” “Oh, no, he is _____ but a wise leader.”

A. anything

B. anyone

C. anybody

D. anywhere

11.I didn’t make clear when and where the sports meet would be held.

A.this B that C it D one

12 To tell you the truth..really don't like when people talk with you with their eyes stating into the sky.

A.which B that C it D.what

13.一Which one can I take?

一You can take of them;I’ll keep none.

A.both

B.any

C.either

D.all

14.一Which coat would you prefer.sir?

一I’ll take ,to have n change sometimes.

A.allthem

B.them dl

C.both them D them b0Ih

15.The movie is boring;it is，in fact，rather exeiting and interesting

A anything but

B nothing but

C no more

D all but

16 Alan sold most of his belongings.He has hardly left in the house

A.everything

B.anything

C.nothing D something

17.I have been lived in Shanghai for two years.butI haven’t covered of the city

A.anything

B.much C many D plenty

18.She kept looking behind to see if she was being followed

A her B.herself C.her own D.she

19.All of us want very much to see these recommended movies，especially you referred to jusl now.

A as

B which

C the one

D that

20.If a studem can make what has been learned whether in class of from social practice ,he will make steady progress.

A he

B him

C himself

D his

21.一Do you want tea or coffee?

一 really don't mind

A.None B Neither C Either D All

22.The manager believes prices will not rise by more than four percent.

A.any other B the other C another D other

23.The manager was very angry，for he had sent his business partner two thousand machines yesterdy，half of unqualified.

A.whom B what C them D.which

24一Did you visit many places while you were in Canada?

一Yes,

A.afew quite B only few C.only afew D quite few

25 In somecountries， is callede quality does not really mean equal rights for all people

A that

B what

C which

D how

26一May I have a glass of beer.please?

一Beer?Sorry，there is left，but would you mind having,some juice instead?

A none B.no one C nothing D few

27.一When can we goto visit you?

一Anytime you feel like

A.one B it C so D thal

28 We need a more capable leader， with strong will as well as good humour.

A who B.that C.one D.which

29.The number 2008 is a special number， I think，that will be remembered hy the Chinese forever.

A.which B what C one D.it

30.一How do you like his wife?

一She is like a good housekeeper，for the children's room is always in a terrible mess.

A Somebody

B nobody

C something D.nothing

——答案与解析——

1【解析】此题应选 A，注意前文的 I agree with most of what you said(我同意你说的大部分内容)，其后的not 与 everything 构成部分否定，意为“不是所有的都同意”，前后两部分用转折连词 but 连接，语气通顺、连贯。

2【解析】最佳答案为C。做好此题的关键是要注意句中的 better 一词，由于better 用的是比较级，说明比较的对象应是两者，由此可推知第二空应填both;另一方面，由于所谈论的是两者，说明选择范围比较窄、比较明确，所以第一空应填 which。

3【解析】做对此题的关键是要注意到下文提到的 milk既不是 coffee 也不是 beer，而是除这两者外的第三者，故第二空应填 the most，即此题最佳答案为C。

4【解析】此题答案选D，主要与上文的some book or other (某一本书)这一语境有关，全句句意为：“我在某一本书上读到过它，是哪一本书这很重要吗?”

5【解析】此题最佳答案为D。句意为：“谁告诉你的?”“噢，有个人，我忘记是哪一个了。”

6【解析】此题最佳答案为C。句意为“有些学生开会迟到了，但我不记得是哪些学生了”。

7【解析】最佳答案为C。是从语法上看，another 后通常接单数名词，而不接trousers 这样的复数名词(若用 another pair 则可以);也不能选 trousers 是因为填它句子意思不通。最佳答案应选C，others 相当于 other trousers，其中的 other 与前面的 these 相对照。

8【解析】最佳答案为D。使用one … the other … 时，我们通常是针对两者而言的，即指“两者中的一个……，另一个……”;如果所谈论的情况不是针对两者而言的，而是针对多者而言的，那么我们就不宜在 one 后使用 the other，而考虑用 another。

9【解析】此题容易误选A，认为既然前面出现了 four bedrooms，故填 all 与之对应。其实，此题的最佳答案应为B，原因是空格后的隐藏信息 its，它表示空格处应填一个单数代词，但是不能选C，因为 every 不能这样单独使用。

10【解析】正确答案应选A。因为 anything but 是习语，意为“根本不是”或“一点也不”，不仅可用于事物，也可用于人。如：

I’ll do anything but that. 我绝不会干那种事。

The party was anything but a success. 晚会根本不成功。

Her father was anything but a poet. 她父亲根本不是诗人。

Such a man was anything but a hero. 那样的人绝不算英雄。

11 C。【解析】it代替后面的when and where引导的从句。其他选项均无此用法。

12 C。【解析】考查代词。1t指代空格后面的内容。

13 D。【解析】考查不定代词的用法。句中的none说明所拿走的东西至少有三个，而且后句表示可以全部拿走，所以答案选D。

14 D。【解析】句中的prefer说明是在两者之间进行选择，排除A、B。both修饰代词或名词应为botll of them或they both。所以答案应为D。

15 A。【解析】考查代词短语。anything but t表示根本不，决不;nothing but仅仅，只有，all but几乎，差不多。由下文实际上，这个电影相当令人兴奋和有趣可知，上句应为这个电影根本不乏味。故答案选A。

16 B。【解析】从题意可知.Alan把大部分财产都变卖了，房里几乎没有什幺东西了。用anything与否定词连用，hardly anything=nothing，故答案选B。

17 B。【解析】表示整体中的一部分，且这个整体是单数或不可数名词时，前面的代词用much。故答案选B。

18.B。【解析】此处表示往自己身后看.故用反身代词作宾语。

19 C。【解析】考查代词的用法。The one特指you referred to jusl now.。

20 D。【解析】句意为如果一个学生能将无论是通过课堂还是社会实践学到的东西变成自己的东西，他将会取得稳定的进步。此处是名词性物主代词，作宾语补足语。故答案选D。

2l C。【解析】考查代词none，neither，either，all的用法。根据上句可知，此处是在两者之间进行选择，而且从后一句的我真的不介意可知回答者的意思是两者中哪一个都可以，所以答案选C。

22 C。【解析】考查不定代词的用法。题干中的意思是价格不会再增长超过4%。any other 任一其他的;the other(两者中)另外一个;another另外.又，放在数词前面;other表示另外，和more一样，要放在数字的后面。故答案选C。

23 C。【解析】考查人称代词作独立主格的逻辑主语。句意：经理非常生气，因为他已发给他商业伙伴两千台机器，其中一半有质量问题。half of unqualified.是独立主格结构，half of 是unqualified的逻辑主语，of是介词，所以此处要用宾格。

24 C。【解析】quite修饰名词时要放在冠词前，排除选项A，选项B、D都表示几乎设有的意思，只有选项c表示有几个。根据下句的肯定回答可知答案选c。

25 B。【解析】此处为what引导名词性从句，what在从句中作主语。

26 A，【解析】此处none指代none of the beer，其他选项均不符合句意。

27 B。【解析】lt用来指代上文所提到的内容。

28.C。【解析】考查代词辨析。此处应用one作a more capable leader的同位语。句意：我们需要一个更有能力的领导，一个意志坚定又富有幽默感的领导。

29 C。【解析】这里one指代前面的a special number，hat will be remembered hy the Chinese forever.是修饰one的定语从句，I think是插入语。

30 D。【解析】根据下文for the children's room is always in a terrible mess.可知，D为正确答案，考生应注意对She is nothing like a good housekeeper的正确理解，其意思是：她完全不像是一个好主妇。

数词与连词

数词一般与其它知识综合起来考察，比如倍数的表达方法，多个形容词的排列顺序等。近几年语境综合化程度越来越高。

连词按其性质,分为并列连词和从属连词,考点分布在单项选择?完形填空和短文改错中?《英语教学大纲》和《考试大纲》语法项目表中对连词的考查是这样描述的:掌握词汇表中所列连词的用法?即要求考生分析句子成分,把握语境和逻辑关系,恰当选择合适连词,使句意通顺,逻辑清楚?连接代词或连接副词用于名词性从句,统称连接词?

连词考点透析

考点一、?特殊并列连词while/when

例1. I had just stepped out of the bathroom and was busily drying myself with a towel _______ I heard the steps. (2006年高考湖南卷)

A. while

B. when

C. since

D. after

例2.I’d like to study law at university _______ my cousin prefers geography. (2007年高考四川卷)

A. though

B. as

C. while

D. for

[解析]B?C?作并列连词时,when/while用法较为特殊,二者区别是:while表两相对照;而when表突然?在那时,常见于be about to do...when和hardly...when等句型中?

考点二、表示原因的连词for/because/as/since

例3.He found it increasingly difficult to read, _____ his eyesight was beginning to fail.(2006年高考北京卷)

A. and

B. for

C. but

D. or

例4.Jenny was very sad over the loss of the photos she had shot at Canada, ______ this was a memory she especially treasured. (2006年高考广东卷)

A. as

B. if

C. when

D. where

例5.Parents should take seriously their children’s requests for sunglasses ________ eye protection is necessary in sunny weather.(2004年高考上海卷)

A. because

B. though

C. unless

D. if

例6._____ everybody knows about it, I don’t want to talk any more.

A. For

B. Even

C. Since

D. However

[解析]B?A?A?C?引导原因连词,as/because/ since/ for的区别是:because语势最强,用来说明人所未知的原因,回答why提出的问题,可置于强调句中且其前可加修饰语; since 是双方都知晓原因或经过分析而得之的原因,语气次之;for是并列连词,前用逗号隔开,表

逻辑推理或补充说明;as语气最弱,原因是显而易见的或已为人们所知,即已知原因,所引导的分句可置于句首?

考点三、并列连词but/yet/though

例7. Excuse me for breaking in, ______ I have some news for you.

A. so

B. and

C. but

D. yet

[解析]C?but和yet 是连词,可等同使用,但也有区别?yet与and连用,构成and yet,但but却无此用法;在“Excuse me/I’m sorry/I hope you don’t mind…but”中,只用but,不用yet?因为在表示对照或对立时,but较为轻松自然;而yet却较为强烈,常出人意

料;though作并列连词时,只能引导分句且其前须加逗号?例:I’ll try to come, though I don’t think I shall manage it.

考点四、引导名词性从句的从属连词that/whether/if

例8.The traditional view is ______ we sleep because our brain is “programmed” to make us do so. (2007 年高考上海卷)

A. when

B. why

C. whether

D. that

例9.We haven’t settled the question of _____ it is necessary for him to study abroad. ( 2006年高考江苏卷)

A. if

B. where

C. whether

D. that

[解析]D?C?引导名词性从句的从属连词that与whether的区别是:句子成分完整且表意确定时选用that连接,句意不确定时选用whether/if连接;借助it,将真正主语或宾语后置,构成“It…that”句型,但whether/if不可;下列情形用whether不用if:与or not 连用,中间无其他词隔开;作介词宾语;在主语从句?表语从句和同位语从句中?例: Whether we’ll go camping tomorrow depends on the weather.

考点五、表示比较的从属连词what/as

例10. Engines are to machines ______ hearts are to animals. (2006年高考山东卷)

A. as

B. that

C. what

D. which

例11._____ I explained on the phone, your request will be considered at the next meeting.(2005年高考浙江卷)

A. When

B. After

C. As

D. Since

例12.What a table! I’ve never seen such a thing before. It is ________ it is long.(2005年高考湖北卷)

A. half not as wide as

B. wide not as half as

C. not half as wide as

D. as wide as not half

[解析]C?C?C?what用作从属连词,表比较,用于A is to B what C is to D结构中;而as表示原级比较,常用于as...as结构中,程度修饰语应置于第一个as之前,嵌入的形容词或副词使用原级?另外as还表“正如?按照”,引导方式连词?

考点六、表示条件的从属连词if /unless/as long as/once

例13. ________ I know the money is safe, I shall not worry about it.

A. Even though

B. Unless

C. As long as

D. While

例14.Small sailboats can easily turn over in the water ____ they are not managed carefully.(2007年高考上海卷)

A. though

B. before

C. until

D. if

例15.You will be successful in the interview ____ you have confidence. (2007年高考福建卷)

A. before

B. once

C. until

D. though

例16.I won’t call you, _____ something unexpected happens.(2007年考全国卷)

A. unless

B. whether

C. because

D. while

[解析]C?D?B?A?表条件的连词if/unless/as long as/unless在用法上存在一些差异?as long as用法同only if/on condition that,强调某事的发生以另一事件的发生为前提;if为正面条件,可能会产生好的或坏的结果,若某种条件产生坏的结果,此时的if可用as long as替换; unless为反面条件,表示除非,如果不,故在真实条件句中常和if…not换用;once既表时间,又包含条件,译作一旦?

考点七、表示让步的从属连词although/when/while

例17. We had to wait half an hour _______ we had already booked a table. (2007年高考辽宁卷)

A. since

B. although

C. until

D. before

例18.______I really don’t like art, I find his work impressive. (2007年高考山东卷)

A. As

B. Since

C. If

D. While

【解析】B?D?although/when/while均可表示让步,后两者的用法较为特

殊?although/though引导让步连词时不与but和yet连用;而while却表示“部分接受,但并非全部”,或用于“强调两种情况?活动等之间的差距”;when也可表示虽然,尽管,同even if,常置于句末?

【精选试题】名校模拟题及其答案

1.China won 100 medals in the Beijing Olympic Games，which are almost those of the sydney Olypic Games.

A. twice as many as

B.as many as twice

C.as much as twice D twice as much as

2. Hawking became world-famous in 。

A his thirties in the 1970’s B.the thirties in his 1970

C.his thirties in 1970s

D.the thirties during the 1970

3.We’d better hurry up. of the time used up.

A Two-thirds：are

B Two-thirds;has been C.Two-third：is D.Two-thirds;have been

4.一What canI dofor you?

一I’d like to take these tomatoes.

A two dozen of

B two dozen C.two dozens D two dozens of

5.一How long will you stay here?

一For .

A a day or two B.one day and two

C one or two day

D one and two day

6.I bought a big fridge，which ccupied about of the space in my kichen.

A two five

B two-fifth C.second fifth Dtwo-fifth

7. The weight of a male lion can reach 240kg, an adult man，while a lioness call reach up to 180kg

A the three times weght of B.three times the weisht of

C.as three times heavy as

D.three times as heavier as

8. he said he wasn’t hungry at all，he ate a big breakfast.

A. Unless

B.Because

C.Though

D.If

9. the Olympic Games cost us a lot，it bridged the distance between people and developed friendship.

A.What

B.While C If D.As

10. the interview in Boston lasted so long，I missed my connecting flight to New York.

A Due to B.So long as C As D.Despite

11.Our government took measures in time to protect children who had taken Sanlu baby milk powder it was too late.

A now that

B as long as

C unless

D before

12 As long as I call remember, I called，his wife would answer the phone.

A however

B whenever

C whatever D.whichever

13. Countless people in developing countries no longer suffer from malnutrition. ，poverty remains a problem worldwide.

A While

B Nevertheless C.Besides D In addition

14.I’m sorry you’ve been waiting for us so long，but it’s still be some time the meeting starts.

A before

B since

C till

D after

15.一Would you like to go to see the film—THE KNOT with me?

一Sorry. I have seen it.

A though B.unless C.when D but

16. Children’s brains can’t develop properly they lack protein

A when

B since

C because

D unless

17. the two are only days apart in age，they seem to belong to wholly different generatioas.

A While

B If

C As D.Since

18.—They don’t have much in their house yet.

一they’planning to live here only until Bob gets his degree，they don’t want to buy much furniture.

A.Since B While C Although D Aslong as

19.Love is just a word someone ecomes along and gives it meaning.

A.if

B.until C after D when

20.All people, they are old or young，rich or poor，have been trying their best to help those in need since the disaster

A even if

B whether

C no matter

D however

21. “Shall we stop for lunch _____ shall we drive on?” “Let’s stop for lunch, but the driver can’t drink _____ drive.”

A. and, and

B. or, or

C. and, or

D. or,and

22. “_____ when does the pub stay open?” “About midnight.”

A. Since...

B. Before

C. Until...

D. After

23. “Would you like tea _____ coffee?” “_____, thanks.”

A. or, No

B. and, Either

C. or, Neither

D. and, Each

24. He imagines that people don’t like him, _____ they do.

A. and

B. then

C. so

D. but

25. I firmly believe _____ he said at the meeting was right.

A. that

B. which

C. that what

D. what that

26. Will you deliver, _____ do I have to come to the shop to collect the goods?

A. and

B. or

C. so

D. then

27 I’d like to study law at university _______ my cousin prefers geography.

A. though

B. as

C. while

D. for

28(2007年高考北京卷).He found it increasingly difficult to read, _____ his eyesight was beginning to fail.

A. and

B. for

C. but

D. or

29Excuse me for breaking in, ______ I have some news for you.

A. so

B. and

C. but

D. yet

30. The traditional view is ______ we sleep because our brain is “programmed” to make us do so.

A. when