综合技能训练第二册Unit 4答案

Unit 4

Part ⅥReading Comprehension

Passage One

New Words and Expressions

preservative:n. substance used for preserving保护剂，防腐剂e.g. food free from preservatives 不含防腐剂的食品

deteriorate: v. become worse in quality or condition变坏，变质，恶化。用法：~ into sth.变成…。

e.g. Leather can deteriorate in damp conditions. 皮革受潮可变质。

proximity:n. nearness in space or time; closeness (空间或时间上的)邻近，接近

e.g. in the proximity of the building那座大楼附近

blanch: v. prepare (food, esp. vegetables) by putting briefly in boiling water; scald焯(食物，尤指蔬菜)，烫洗e.g. You blanch almonds to remove their skins. 你把杏仁焯一下，烫去表皮。vacuum:n. space that is completely empty of all matter or gas真空e.g. vacuum cleaner真空吸尘器dispatch: v. send sb./sth. off to a destination or for a special purpose派遣某人，发送某事物

e.g. American warships have been dispatched to the area. 美国军舰已派往该地区。sterilization: n.消毒

wholesale: n. selling of goods (esp. in large quantities) to shopkeepers for resale to the public批发retail: n. selling of goods, which are usually not for resale, in small quantities to the general public零售

【短文大意】本文主要介绍的是食品装罐工艺。文章介绍了食品装罐的步骤：(1) 准备生的食物。(2) 漂洗蔬菜。(3)真空包装。(4) 消毒。(5) 冷却。(6) 贴标签，送货给批发商或零售商。

1. 【答案与详解】B。词汇题。对于不熟悉的单词，可以从上下文判断。第一段主要描述了罐

装食品为何不易腐烂，在出现deteriorate一词的上一句提到罐装食品经过高温消毒，这样，罐中的食品在储存过程中就不会怎样呢？当然是不会变质。所以答案应为B项。

2. 【答案与详解】B。细节题。储藏的食品变质的原因，在文章首句就提到了：是因为食物被

酵母菌、霉和细菌感染了。这样，B项就是最佳答案。

3. 【答案与详解】C。细节题。本题要求我们对细节认真阅读后再做出判断。文中第四段详细

介绍了真空包装。将各种食品装入罐中后，将所有空气抽出，使外部压强高于内部压强。

这样就是真空包装了。所以最合适的答案应为C项。

4. 【答案与详解】D。主旨和细节理解题。本题要求我们阅读全文后才能判断。文中描述食品

装罐的步骤包括：(1) 准备生的食物。(2) 漂洗蔬菜。(3) 真空包装。(4) 消毒。(5) 冷却。

(6) 贴标签，发给批发商或零售商。由于现代罐头制造商已提前在罐子上印刷了标签，所以

贴标签的步骤是在装罐过程开始以前完成的。所以我们可以判断出哪一项是整个过程中不包括的步骤。很明显应该选D项。

5. 【答案与详解】C。主旨题。本题主要是归纳中心大意。这篇文章主要介绍了食物装罐的工

艺。重点在技术上。A项“食物储存”只在文中提到过但并非中心。B项“罐装食品的优点”，在文章中也未大篇幅地予以介绍。D项“罐装食物”，本文重点在介绍罐装食品工艺并未介绍罐装食品的具体内容。所以C项“食品罐装的工艺”是最合适的答案。

Passage Two

New Words and Expressions

accommodate:v. provide lodging or room for sb.供给某人住宿或房间 e.g. This hotel can accommodate up to 500 guests. 这家旅馆可供多达五百位来宾住宿。

rage:v. (of storms, fires, battles, etc.) continue violently (指暴风雨、火势、战斗等)猛烈地进行下去e.g. The fire raged for hours. 大火猛烈地燃烧了好几个小时。

【短文大意】本篇主要介绍了英国比世界上任何国家都面临住宅高层化的严峻问题，因为，英

国人更青睐私家小院。这种矛盾引发了激烈的争论，并且持续至今。作者指出，其原因一是在于对单元楼房的误解，认为它往往与低收入家庭相联系，二是忽略了住在市郊的高生活支出。

6. 【答案与详解】B。推理题。A项错误，参阅第二句“It is said that…today.”意为：据说英

国人反对这种居住方式，但如果情况的确如此，英国人事实上就一定要与世界上的多数国家的居民有所区别。B项正确，符合第二句的描述。C项错误，谈不上“be forced to move into”

的问题。D项错误，现在的flats并非缺乏必要的生活设施。

7. 【答案与详解】A。细节推理题。根据文章“In the past our own blocks of flats have been

associated with the lower-income groups…”可知：以前英国公寓居民一般都是收入较低者。

这正是A项的内容，故正确答案为A项。

8. 【答案与详解】B。词汇题。本句应理解为“就英国而言，关于单元套房与私人住宅的争论

将继续”，rage意思是“猛烈地继续下去”。其他三项的解释均不符合逻辑，只有A项与句意相符。

9. 【答案与详解】C。判断题。该题线索词出现在倒数第二句“base their case…on the assumption

that everyone prefers an individual home and garden and on the high cost per unit of accommodation”，因此正确答案为C项。A、D两项与本句内容无关，B项符合本句内容，但与C项相比，不是主要原因。

10.【答案与详解】D。细节题。线索出现在最后一句。作者认为那些钟情于私人住宅的人忽略

了向居住分散的住户提供服务的费用，以及市郊居民用于上下班的时间更多和花费更高。

Passage Three

New Words and Expressions

ridge: n. raised line where two sloping surfaces meet; narrow raised strip背脊，山脊，屋脊superficial: adj. of or on the surface only; apparent when looked at quickly or carelessly, but perhaps not real表面的，肤浅的，浅薄的

reproduction: n. reproducing, being reproduced繁殖，再现

identification: n. identifying or being identified辨认，鉴定，证明

【短文大意】这是一篇关于指纹特征及其应用的文章。人的指纹是独一无二的，既不能遗传也不能复制也无相仿。任何外部损伤如烫伤、刀伤等都不能破坏指纹结构。尽管人们还不清楚为什么指纹具有这种独特性，但是指纹以其不可改变性经常被利用来提供证据，帮助破案，抓获罪犯。

11.【答案与详解】D。主旨题。文章一开始就表明了中心内容：指纹的独一无二及不可复制性。

第一段第二句中的that 从句的内容是答案所在，重在对关键词uniqueness的理解，故D项为正确答案。

12.【答案与详解】C。细节题。第二段主要讲述指纹的独特性，任何外部损伤如烫伤、刀伤等

都不能破坏指纹结构。故C项为正确答案。

13.【答案与详解】B。细节题。问罪犯试图以何种方式消除自己的指纹。第二段给出相关信息。

从“It is only when the inner skin is injured that the arrangement will be destroyed. Some criminals make use of this fact to remove their own finger-prints but this is a dangerous and rare step to take.”可知B项为正确答案。

14.【答案与详解】D。细节题。问指纹为何被用来解决犯罪案件。因为第三段讲指纹因其不可

改变性及其方便可靠而被用于提供证据、帮助破案的优点，故D项为正确答案。

15.【答案与详解】D。推断题。当罪犯留下了指纹又想否认罪行可行吗？根据文章内容及第三

段的“A suspected man may deny a charge but this may be in vain.”一句中的关键词in vain可知D项正确。

Part ⅦWriting

单元写作练习

范文(1)

Dear Mr. Li:

I’ve learned from Wang Ying that you will graduate with high honors from Qinghua University. I can well imagine how proud of you your parents are now, who have been anxiously hoping to witness your brilliant success. As I understand, you will continue studies in the United States soon. I wish you greater success in your study and researching work.

With best wishes.

Yours sincerely,

Tom

【作文评析1】在这封祝贺信中，写信人开门见山地祝贺收信者，然后想到对方亲人对其成就的欣赏。在信件结尾的部分，写信人祝贺对方未来取得更大成就，并以此结束信件。

范文(2)

To whom it may concern,

I am pleased to write this letter for my former student Miss Nan Li, who graduated from this College with an L.B. degree. Miss Li was admitted to the Department of Law of this College through highly competitive entrance examination that is conducted annually and is open to the whole nation. Even in such a selective group, Miss Li made herself distinguished.

As professor and dean of the College, I have access to her records of academic work and moral conduct. In her fourth year study, I instructed her in Anglo-American Laws. So I have known her quite well.

Miss Li’s performance, like that in many other courses she had taken, was excellent with a superior grade of 86 for the first semester, and 84 for the second semester. In our university and in other universities here, 80 is cons idered “A”, the highest level.

As far as I know, Miss Li wishes to continue her study in Law for an advanced degree. I am sure she has had sufficient prerequisite knowledge for the subject and certainly has the ability to undertake

the study.

I recommend Miss Li without reservation and shall appreciate your favorable consideration of her application.

Truly yours

【作文评析2】文章开头就介绍了被荐人与推荐人的关系——四年大学的师生关系，他们之间的熟悉程度——推荐人教了被荐人四年的法律课。接着介绍了被荐人四年优秀的学习成绩——几乎都是A分。然后说明了被荐人有继续深造的潜力。