2021年江苏省高考英语总复习：阅读理解
2021年江苏省高考英语总复习：阅读理解
1．As we continue to explore farther out into our solar system and beyond，the question of humans living on other planets often comes up．Manned bases on the Moon or Mars for example，have long been a dream of many．There is a natural desire to explore as far as we can go，and also to extend humanity's presence on a permanent（永久的）or at least semi ﹣permanent basis．In order to do this，however，it is necessary to adapt to different extreme environments．On the Moon for example，a colony must be self﹣sustaining（自立的）and protect its inhabitants from the airless，harsh environment outside．Mars，though，is different．While future bases could adapt to the Martian environment over time there is also the possibility of modifying（改变）the surrounding environment instead of just co﹣existing with it．This is the process of terraforming ﹣adjusting Mars' atmosphere and environment to make it more Earth﹣like．But the bigger question is，should we？
One of the main issues is whether Mars has any native life or not and if it does，should it be preserved（保护）as much as possible？If the answer is yes，then large﹣scale human settlements on Mars should be completely off﹣limits．Small colonies might be fine，but living on Mars should not be at the expense of any native habitats，if they exist．If Mars is home to any indigenous life，then terraforming should be a non﹣issue；it simply should not be done．
What if Mars is lifeless？Even if no life exists there，that untouched and unique alien environment needs to be preserved as it is as much as possible．We've already done too much damage here on our own planet．By studying Mars and other planets and moons in their current natural state，we can learn so much about their history and also learn more about our own world．We should appreciate the differences of other worlds instead of just transforming them to suit our own ambitions．
（1）What is the best title for the text？B
A．Are Mars and Earth So Different？
B．Should we terraform Mars？
C．Can we adapt to Mars？
D．Is there life on Mars？
（2）What does the author think we should do if life is found on Mars？A
A．Ensure that it's not harmed．
B．Discuss with the Martians．
C．Change the unpopulated regions．
D．Reconsider the advantages and disadvantages．
（3）What does the underlined word "indigenous" in paragraph 3 mean？D A．Complex．
B．Intelligent．
C．Foreign．
D．Native．
（4）How does the author develop his ideas in the text？C
A．By referring to others' research．
B．By showing the benefits of terraforming．
C．By arguing in support of one viewpoint．
D．By examining the conditions of different planets．
【解答】（1）B．标题归纳题。根据第二段"Mars，though，is different. While future bases could adapt to the Martian environment over time，there is also the possibility of modifying the surrounding environment instead of just co﹣existing with it. This is the process of terraforming ﹣adjusting Mars' atmosphere and environment to make it more Earth﹣like. But the bigger question is，should we？不过，火星是不同的．虽然未来的基地可以随着时间的推移而适应火星的环境，但也有可能改变周围的环境，而不仅仅是与之共存．这是一个地形形成的过程﹣﹣调整火星的大气和环境，使其更像地球．但更大的问题是，我们应该吗"，以及第三段"One of the main issues is whether Mars has any native life or not and if it does，should it be preserved as much as possible？If the answer is yes，then large﹣scale human settlements on Mars should be completely off﹣limits.其中一个主要问题是火星是否有原生生命，如果有，是否应该尽可能地保存下来？如果答案是肯定的，那么火星上大规模的人类住区应该是完全禁止的。
"可知本文主要讲述了当我们继续探索更远的太阳系和更远的地方时，生活在其他星球上的人类的问题经常出现．但是调整火星的大气和环境，使其更像地球吗？所以"B．Should we terraform Mars？"作为题目最合适。故选B．
（2）A．细节理解题。根据第三段"One of the main issues is whether Mars has any native life or not and if it does，should it be preserved as much as possible？If the answer is yes，then large﹣scale human settlements on Mars should be completely off﹣limits. Small colonics might be fine，but living on Mars should not be at the expense of any native habitats，if they exist.其中一个主要问题是，火星上是否有原生生命，如果有，是否应该尽可能多地保存下来？如果答案是肯定的，那么火星上的大规模人类定居点应该是完全禁止的。小型殖民地也许可以，但是如果它们存在的话，生活在火星上，不应该以牺牲任何原生栖息地为代价。"可知如果火星上有生命，作者认为我们应该确保它不会受到伤害。故选A．（3）D．词义猜测题。根据文章第三段，Small colonics might be fine，but living on Mars should not be at the expense of any native habitats，if they exist. If Mars is home to anyindigenouslife，then terraforming should be a non﹣issue；it simply should not be done.小型殖民地也许可以，但生活在火星上不应该以牺牲任何原生栖息地为代价，如果火星是任何原生生命的家园，那么地形形成就不应该是一个问题，根本不应该这样做．可知，划线单词意为：本土的，结合选项：A．Complex复杂的；B．Intelligent聪明的；C．Foreign 外国的．D．Native本土的。故选D．
（4）C．推理判断题。根据第三段"One of the main issues is whether Mars has any native life or not and if it does，should it be preserved as much as possible？If the answer is yes，then large﹣scale human settlements on Mars should be completely off﹣limits. Small colonics might be fine，but living on Mars should not be at the expense of any native habitats，if they exist.其中一个主要问题是，火星上是否有原生生命，如果有，是否应该尽可能多地保存下来？如果答案是肯定的，那么火星上的大规模人类定居点应该是完全禁止的。小型殖民地也许可以，但是如果它们存在的话，生活在火星上，不应该以牺牲任何原生栖息地为代价。"，以及根据第四段"What if Mars is lifeless？Even if no life exists there，that untouched and unique alien environment needs to be preserved as it is as much as possible.如果火星是没有生命的呢？即使那里没有生命存在，也需要尽可能地保护未受影响和独特的外星环境。"可知作者是通过辩论来支持自己的观点。故选C．
2．The year 2019 saw the end of the hit sitcom The Big Bang Theory．Now，another popular comedy，Modern Family，follows in their footsteps．After 11 seasons the final episode aired on April 8，bringing an end to a sitcom "widely recognized as one of the funniest and most decorated sitcoms of this century"，according to EOnline．Hitting our screens in 2009，the show claimed 22 Emmys in total，an American award that recognizes excellence in television．At its peak the show attracted over 9 million viewers for its relatable family dynamic，loveable characters and mockumentary（伪纪录片）style．In this format，characters can convey their own thoughts and feelings directly to the audience via a short sit﹣down interview．
Over the course of the series，fans have witnessed the Pritchett﹣Dunphy﹣Tucker clan （家族），an extended Los Angeles family，overcome the trials and tribulations of any modern family，including death，adoption and mental health．
The big family's highs and lows have made it so relatable that we see them as part of our own family and care about their stories．From fights between siblings （兄弟姐妹）to parental disagreement about children's education，the show，despite being a comedy，deals with serious modern issues that are familiar to the audience．
Despite its success，showrunners admitted that the sitcom had been running on fumes（后劲不足的）during the last few seasons．The final episode went as expected，with the growing branches of each family going their separate ways following one giant on﹣screen embrace involving every cast member．
As the camera cut to each departing family member，Jay Pritchett，the patriarch（大家长）of the family，expressed an important theme of the show．"Life is full of change．I learned a long time ago you can fight it，or you can try to make the best of it．And that's a whole lot easier if you've got people helping you face whatever life throws at you，" he said emotionally．
Just as the final episode concluded，fans were treated to one last heartfelt moment．As each family switched off their porch （门廊）light，Claire asks Phil （a couple in the show）what they'll do now that their kids have grown up and moved on．Phil said，"Leave the porch light on ﹣they come back，" a subtle（巧妙的）hint that the show might someday return．
（1）How can we define Modern Family？D
A．A mockumentary series about an extended family's history．
B．Sit﹣down interviews about people's emotional problems．
C．A comedy encouraging people to adapt to changes．
D．A sitcom about funny family stories and social issues．
（2）Why has Modern Family appealed to the audience so much？C
A．It applies a variety of shooting formats．
B．It won the most Emmy Awards．
C．Its characters，plot and style are quite relatable．
D．It teaches them how to deal with challenges in life．
（3）What does the underlined phrase "trials and tribulations" in Paragraph 3 probably mean？B
A．fears
B．problems
C．changes
D．boundaries
（4）What does Modern Family convey to us，according to Jay Pritchett？C A．Parenting and education are important．
B．Fighting is the best way to handle changes．
C．Life will be easier if you are able to get help．
D．Changes in life shape a harmonious family．
【解答】（1）D.推理判断题.根据第一段的bringing an end to a sitcom "widely recognized as one of the funniest and most decorated sitcoms of this century"该情景喜剧收尾，广泛的被认可为本世纪最滑稽最有扮相的情景喜剧之一。可知，Modern Family是一部关于有趣的家
高考英语易错题专题训练-阅读理解练习题及答案解析
一、高中英语阅读理解 1．阅读理解 Since we've headed into the snowy part of the year, it seems like a good time to solve a language puzzle that Eskimos have a huge number of words for snow. The idea was popularized by the now well-known expert Benjamin Lee Whorf in the 1940s. His number was approximately five Eskimo words for snow, but somehow the story was so wide spread and romantic that it got out of control and grew bigger and bigger. There are two problems with the concept of Eskimos having tons of words for snow. First, Eskimos speak at least two different languages—Inuit and Yupik. Just as we have talked about how English and many other languages developed from a common language called Proto-Indo-European, Inuit and Yupik come from a different common language called Eskimo-Aleut. So saying Eskimos have 100 words for snow is like saying Europeans have 100 words for kings or queens. It might be telling you something broad about culture, but it isn't really telling you much about language. The second problem is "What is a word?” The Inuit and Yupik languages make words in different ways from how we make words in English. For example, the West Greenlandic word 'siku,' (sea ice), is used as the root for 'sikursuit (pack ice), 'Sikuliaq (new ice), and 'sikurluk (melting ice). But it's not that West Greenlandic has so many more words for describing snow than English, it's just that West Greenlandic expresses ideas by combining meaningful units of language together into one word while English uses more phrases and compounds. We express all the same ideas; we just do it a little differently because of the way our language is built. So you're probably still wondering, "If it's not 50 or 100 or 400 words, how many is it?" Well, Woodbury lists 15 that are present in a Yupik dictionary published in 1984, but he says that depending on how you look at it this is not an exact number. It could be 12; it could be 24. But it's certainly not 100. Sometimes, the "hundred words for snow" puzzle is used to argue that because Eskimos have so many words for snow, they think about snow in ways that we can't even begin to imagine—that your language decides or limits your thoughts. Languages are just different. They don't decide what we are able to think about or are not able to think about. I can think about snow floating on water even if we don't have a word for that in English. So when you're out skiing or snowboarding or just shoveling your driveway this winter, don't believe the people who try to tell you that Eskimos have 100 words for snow. （1）Why are Eskimos thought to have so many words for snow? A. Because snow is everywhere where Eskimos live. B. Because the story about it got enriched and believed. C. Because snow is of great importance to Eskimos. D. Because Eskimos have great affection for snow. （2）How does the writer explain the first problem? A. By presenting figures. B. By making comparisons. C. By quoting sayings. D. By adopting idioms.
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3．对症下药，各个击破。了解全文的大概意思之后，再把短文的问题简单看一遍，弄懂题意，然后带着问题再去寻读全文。这次阅读过程中要善于抓文章中的关键词句。寻读也就是迅速的查找需要了解的信息，是为某些特定的问题而阅读，因此阅读时要有较强的针对性，对与问题有关的数据，词句等仔细阅读，认真理解，同时结合不同考查内容的题型，采取如下解题对策： （1）事实询问题：这类试题通常是以疑问词what，who，when，where，why，how 等引起的特殊问句，就文章中某一词语、某一句子、某一段落或某一具体细节和事实进行提问。解答此类试题首先要弄清题目和每一个选项的含义，然后按题目要求寻找与之相关的细节，正确估计答案来源，同时注意题目和文章中的暗示作用。特别注意辨别各种信息，确认各种信息。 （2）推理判断题：此题要求我们通过表面文字信息去推测文章隐含的意思，对文章的发展情节及作者的态度、意图等做出合乎逻辑的的推理判断。这种题要求我们在阅读时要抓住文章的主题和细节、从分析文章的结构入手，根据上下文的内在联系，充分挖掘文章的深层含义。对暗含在文章中事件的因果关系，人物的动机，以及作者未言明的倾向、态度、意图、观点进行合乎逻辑的推理、分析和判断。同时善于抓住文中实质性的东西，不要被带假象的表面信息或似是而非的东西所迷惑。并且注意推断作者态度时要力求从作者的态度、观点去思考，切勿想当然，凭个人的观点习惯看法来回答的问题。 （3）数据推算题：此题要求我们就文章提供的数据，以及数据与文章中其他信息的关系做出计算和推断，然后做出选择。这就要求我们解题时，要在理解好题意的前提下去对与数据有关的信息认真分析，若数据信息较多，还要注意弄清数据之间的关系，同时分清有用与无用信息，最终作出正确判断。 （4）主旨大意题：此题用以考查我们对文章主题或中心思想的领会和理解能力。在解答此类试题时要注意每段的中心句，抓住每一段的主题句。一般主题句都用来表达一段主旨大意，因此，只要找准每段的主题句，文章的中心思想和文章的最佳标题也就不难确定了。
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