高三英语 学案 语法-虚拟语气
虚拟语气学案及重点(Subjunctive Mood)
虚拟语气是一种动词形式，表示说话人的某种假设、愿望、怀疑、猜测、建议等含义。
were式虚拟（时态发生变化）
一、if条件从句
二、as if (或as though 好象) 的状语从句，表示与事实相反：
1. He pretends as if he didn't know the thing at all, but in fact he knows it very well.
（用过去式表示与现在事实相反）
2. The old man looked at the picture, he felt as though he had gone back to time 20 years ago.
(用过去完成式表示与过去事实相反)
3. They talked and talked as if they would never meet again.
(would + 原形动词meet，表示与将来事实相反)
注意：在as if/as though 句中，如果有可能成为事实，用陈述语气。
三、虚拟语气在even if/even though引导的让步状语从句中。用法同上。
四、If only引出感叹句，意思是“要是…..多好”，表示一种愿望。用法同上。
例：If only he didn’t drive so fast! (与现在事实相反)
If only the rain would stop. (与将来事实相反)
Look at the terrible situation I am in ! If only I had followed your advice(与过去事实相反)
五、在wish后的宾语从句中使用虚拟语气(可省略它的that)：
1. I wish (that可省略,下同)I knew the answer to the question. （与现在事实相反）
2. I wish you had called earlier. （与过去事实相反）
3. You wished she would arrive the next day. （与将来事实相反）
Should式虚拟（从句用should ）
一、在表示建议，命令，要求，忠告，道歉，怀疑等语气的动词的后面的宾语从句中的虚拟语气,用should +动词原形。“should”常被省略。
常用的此类动词有：
表示“同意，坚持”的：insist
表示“决定，命令”的：command, order
表示“提议，劝告，建议”的：propose, suggest, recommend, advise.
表示“要求”的：desire, demand, request, require, urge, ask,
1. 以上这些动词后的宾语从句
I suggest that all the students (should) stay here for 3 days.
2. 以上这些动词的名词和其它某些名词所在的同位语从句和表语从句。
It is the teacher’s demand that all the students （should ）hand in the homework now. 同位语从句
The teacher’s demand is that all the students（should）hand in the homework now. 表语从句* demand (要求), desire (请求),requirement (要求)
* advice (劝告), recommendation (建议),suggestion (建议), proposal (计划)
* order (命令)，pity（遗憾）, shame (遗憾) necessity (必要地),
3. 以上这些动词的被动后的主语从句
* required (需要的), demanded (要求), requested (被请求的), desired (要求)
* suggested (建议), recommended (推荐)，ordered (命令)
It is required that all the books (should )be sent back now. 主语从句（it是形式主语）
4. 以上这些动词的形容词变形和其它某些形容词。
I don’t think it advisable that tom (should) be assigned to the job since he has no experience.
It is desirable that all of us (should) be taken around the school now.
常适用这种情况的其它形容词：
* natural (自然的), necessary (必须的), important (重要的), urgent (急迫的), essential (本质的),
strange（奇怪的）
注意：suggest, insist不表示建议或坚持要某人做某事时，不适用虚拟语气。
某些固定句型
1. would rather sb did sth 宁愿某人做某事
would rather sb had done sth 宁愿某人做过某事
2. It is (about/high) time +that sb did sth 到某人做某事的时候了
It is (about/high) time +that sb should do sth 都某人做某事的时候了
3. 用had hoped 表示原来希望做到而实际上未能实现的事情。
其宾语从句的谓语要用"would + 动词原形"：
I had hoped that she would go to the U.S. and study there, but she said she liked to stay in China.
我原本希望她到美国去念书，但她说她喜欢留在中国。
4. 表示祝愿语气：
May you be successful. 祝你成功。（注意区分：Wish you success.）
考研英语语法大全———自己总结
考研英语十二大基础语法体系 对于任何英语句子，要分析其结构，这样才能找到英语语言的规律。每种语言都有它的难点，汉语的难点在于汉语不是拼读语言，汉字很难写，而且有四种声调。其实，许多接触过多种外语的人都认为，英语的语法比法语、德语、俄语、日语等都简单，是最容易学的。著名语言学家乔姆斯基说过，语法是内生的、也就是随着语言的诞生而诞生的。因此，学习语法和学习语言是相辅相成的。 一、英语动词的时态 （一）英汉两种语言在时态表达方式上的差异： 英语的词类与汉语的不同。汉语词类形态稳定，比如“书”这个字，“一本书”、“三本书”都一样，没有词形变化。英语就不同了，book, books仅从词形上就能知道是单数还是复数。 动词是英语中变化最多、最复杂的词类。有人说，学好英语就是学好动词，此言甚是。同一个动作或状态分别在不同时间发生或存在，表达这个动作或状态的动词就要用不同的形式，这就是时态。 （二）英语动词的形式： 英语的时态是通过动词的变化来体现的。因此，了解动词的形式及其变化规律非常重要。英语的实义动词有以下五种形式： (1)动词原形：动词原形在句子中形式不变。主要用于主语为非第三人称单数的一般现在时，情态动词之后， 或根据语法规定必须用动词原形的其他情况。 (2) 一般现在时第三人称单数形式（简称现单三）：主要用于主语为第三人称单数的一般现在时。 (3) 过去式：主要用于一般过去时。 (4) 现在分词：主要用于进行时态，或语法规定的其他情况。 (5) 过去分词：主要用于完成时态，或语法规定的其他情况。 动词一般现在时第三人称单数（现单三）的构成，见下表：
即某些字母组合的不规则动词有一定的规律。如：weep→wept, sleep→slept, sweep→swept 以上每个时间段中分别有四种状态：一般、进行、完成和完成进行。因此我们便有了四四一十六个时态。 态（一般、进行、完成、完成进行）。 比如在“They are doing their exercises.”这个句子中，动词由原形do 变成are doing 的形态，说明这个事情是发生在现在、并处于正在进行的状态当中，所以叫现在进行时； 在“They have done their exercises.”这句中，动词由原形do 变成have done的形态，说明这个事情是发生在现在、并处于完成的状态，所以叫现在完成时； 在“They always do their exercises.”中，动词用原形do 的形态，说明这个事情是发生在现在、并且是一般情况下永远如此，所以叫一般现在时。 在这三句话中，动词do 虽然用了不同的形态，其意义没有变化，而是事情发生的时间和状态变了。其余类推。 （三）时态详解 16个时态中，常用的有12个：一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时、过去将来时、现在进行时、过去进行时、将来进行时、现在完成时、过去完成时、将来完成时、现在完成进行时和过去完成进行时。其他时态很少单独使用。 下面把各种时态的构成和用法做一个全面的介绍。
高考虚拟语气用法详解()
高考虚拟语气用法详解 一·语气概述 和时态语态一样，语气也是谓语动词的一种形式，它表明说话者的目的和意图。英语中有三种语气：陈述语气，祈使语气和虚拟语气。（有的语法书说语气有四种，即还包括疑问语气）。 eg：①He doesn’t see very well in his right eye .他右眼视力不太好。（陈述语气） ②Have they ever been to Australia ?他们去过澳大利亚没有？（疑问语气） ③Please read through the instruction in advance .请先通读说明书。（祈使语 气） 二·虚拟语气概述 在英语中，由于说话人的意图不同，动词需用不同的形式，称为语气。虚拟语气是指说话人表示一种假设的情况，一种愿望，怀疑，推测，请求等，即认为动词所表示的动作或状态并非事实。虚拟语气可用于状语从句，名词性从句，定语从句及其他结构中。 三·非真实条件句中的虚拟语气 真实条件句（遵循主将从现原则） A.由If引导的两种条件句： 非真实条件句（虚拟语气） 以下为If在非真实条件句中虚拟语气的形式和用法： 假设类型If从句主句 与现在事实相反did (be用were)should/would/ could/might do 与过去事实相反had done should/would/ could/might have done 与将来事实相反1)did 2)were to do 3)should do should/would/ could/might do eg：①If I were you ,I would reconsider their advice .如果我是你的话，我会重新考虑他们的意见。（与现在事实相反） ②You would not have caught a cold if you had put on more clothes .如果你多穿了些衣服，你就不会得感冒了。（与过去事实相反）
英语虚拟语气语法归纳总结
虚拟语气: 表示说的话不是事实，不可能发生或者说可能性很小的情况，表达一种愿望、建议、假设。 if were/did, would do if had done, would have done if were to do/should do, would do 举例： If I were you, I would do nothing about it. If you had taken your teacher’s advice, you wouldn’t have made such a mistake. If it were to/ should rain tomorrow(表示降水率很低)，they wouldn’t go shopping. 附注： 虚拟语气，条件状从倒装 状语从句中，去掉if,提前were/ had/ should 如：If I were you, I would give up. →Were I you, I would give up If you had taken the advice, you would have…. →Had you taken the advice, you would have… If the world shou ld come to an end,…… →Should the world come to an end…… 另外，without, but for, otherwise构成的条件状语从句中，也有含蓄的虚拟语气But for the popularization of electricity, we would lead a whole different life today. (popularization 普及，publicity 宣传) Without your help, I would have failed. We’ll go earlier, otherwise we wouldn’t get a seat.（表示可能性小）
考研英语语法虚拟语气解析(二)
凯程考研，为学员服务，为学生引路! 考研英语语法虚拟语气解析（二） 六、个别特殊短语 would rather，had rather，had better，would （just） as soon， would sooner 均作 "但愿，宁愿”讲时： （一）后接动词原形，表示现在或将来的一种主观愿望或选择 例句：1 would rather go there with you ，because you are the only person that I have been acqua in ted with. 分析：该句是复合句，定语从句that I have bee n acqua in ted with 修饰the only person。 译文：我宁愿和你一起去那儿，因为你是我在这里唯一熟悉的人。 （二）后接从句，从句动词一般用一般过去时表示现在或将来的愿望，动词用过去完成时表示过去的愿望 例句：I d rather he stayed there，because weather is said to be somewhat worse accord ing to the n ews. 分析：该句是复合句，weather is said to be...是it is said that...的变形。 译文：我希望他待在那儿，因为据新闻报道天气将会很恶劣。 例句：I d rather you had not bee n so rude to her，she was a new comer after all. 分析：该句是复合句，其中after all意为"究竟，毕竟”，you had not been so rude to her 表示与过去事实相反假设。 译文：真希望你不要对她那么粗鲁，毕竟她是新来的。 七、as if/as though引导的方式状语从句 表示“仿佛，好像”时也用虚拟式，从句中动词用一般过去时（be用were）表示与现在 相反假设；动词用would/could/might+动词原形表示与将来相反假设；动词用过去完成时表示与过去相反假设。 例句：The rats develop bacterial infections of the blood as if their immune system —the self protect ing mecha nism aga inst disease—had crashed. 分析：该句是复合句，as if their immune system had crashed 是方式状语从句，两个破 折号间的内容是对system做进一步的解释。 译文：老鼠感染血液病毒后，似乎它们的免疫系统一一即抵御疾病的自我保护机制一—被彻底摧毁了。 例句：But it s not as if earlier times didn t know perpetual war，disaster and the massacre of innocents.（选自2006 年Text 4） 分析：该句是复合句，as if引导的方式状语从句在句中作表语。 译文：但是这不是说以前的时代没有经历过连续不断的战争、灾难和滥杀无辜。 另外，as if（as though）后面的从句也可用陈述语气，尤其在it looks/seems as if（as though）结构中。 例句：The sun rises in the east and sets in the west，so it seems as if the earth is circling round the sun.
英语中虚拟语气
虚拟语气 英语中的语气分为陈述语气、祈使语气、虚拟语气三类。 虚拟语气表示说话人的主观愿望或假想，所说的是一个条件，不一定是事实，或与事实相反。条件句可分为两类，一类为真实条件句，一类为非真实条件句。非真实条件句表示的是假设的或实际可能性不大的情况，故采用虚拟语气。 如果假设的情况可能发生，是真实条件句，这种情况下谓语用陈述语气。如：If time permits, we'll go fishing together.如果时间允许，我们就一起去钓鱼。 如果假设的情况是不存在的或不大可能发生的，则是虚拟条件句。如：If you had come yesterday, you would have met that famous professor.如果你昨天来，你就会见到那位著名的教授了。（隐含的事实是：你昨天没来，也没见到那位著名教授）。 虚拟语气的基本形式和用法在含有虚拟条件句的复合句中，主从句的谓语都要用虚拟语气。 1. 含有条件状语从句的复合句 wish（would rather）+宾语从句 suggest（…）+宾语从句 2. 主语从句 It is + adj./p.p/n.+ that+ S+ (should) +do 表语从句S+is that +s + (should) +do 同位语从句 S+that +s +(should) +do 3. 定语从句 It is (high) time that + S + did 用过去式表现在情况 1. 时态后退型用过去完成式表过去 两种形式用过去将来表将来 2. should+动词原形型 内容详述 I. 含有条件状语从句的复合句(以do为例;S=主语) 时间条件状语从句主句 与现在事实相反的假设 If +S+did…S+would/should/could/might+do… 与过去事实相反的假设 If +S+had done… S+would/should/could/might+have done… 与将来事实相反的假设did… If+S should do were to do S+would/should/could/might+do… 注意事项： 1．倒装句。如果条件句中含有功能词had，should，were时，可以省去If，把功能词提前，构成倒装句。 2．错综条件句。若条件句和主句动作不存在同一个时间，则谓语形式应根据具体情况而定。3．If there weren't/had not been +…=without… 4．If it were not for…/ If it hadn't been for…= but for… 5．otherwise+虚拟语气的句子 6．虚拟语气的句子，but+ 陈述事实的句子 II. 虚拟语气用在宾语从句中 sb. did …(希望现在用过去式) 1. wish+that sb. had done…（希望过去用过去完成式） sb. would/should do（希望将来用过去将来） 2. would rather后的从句要用虚拟语气。 时间从句
高中英语 第二册 语法总结 虚拟语气
新概念英语第二册语法总结：虚拟语气 虚拟语气分三种情况来掌握： 1、虚拟条件句。 2、名词性虚拟语气。 3、虚拟语气的其他用语。 一、虚拟条件句： 条件状语从句是非真实情况，在这种情况下要用虚拟语气。 1、条件从句与现在事实不一致，其句型为： If 主语＋过去时，主语＋should(could, would, 或might)＋动词原形，如： If I were you, I would study hard. If it rained, I would not be here now. 2、条件从句与过去事实不一致，句型为： If 主语＋had＋过去分词，主语＋should(could, would, 或might)＋have＋过去分词，如：If the doctor had come last night, the boy would have saved. If I had not studied hard, I would have failed in the exam last term. 3、条件从句与将来事实不一致，句型为： If 主语+should(were to, 过去时)＋do，主语＋should(could...)＋原形do，如： If it should rain tomorrow, we would stay at home. If I were to go to the moon one day, I could see it with my own eyes. If you missed the film to night, you would feel sorry. 注意问题： 1、If条件句中绝对不可出现"would"。 2、根据句中的时间状语，有时可能出现“混合虚拟”的情况，即主句可能是现在的情况，条件句也许是发生在过去的情况，但都是遵守上述句型。 3、在条件句中如果出现were, had, should可省去if，将主语与这些词倒装，例如： Had the doctor come last night, the boy would have saved. Were I to go to the moon one day, I would see it with my own eyes. Should it rain tomorrow, we would stay at home.
考研英语虚拟语气讲义与练习
考研语法精讲 第四讲虚拟语气 1.什么是虚拟语气 【2010】Marketers have embraced the two-step flow because it suggests that if they can just find and influence the influential, those selected people will do most of the work for them. 【2007】If you were to examine the birth certificates of every soccer player in 2006’s World Cup tournament you would most likely find a noteworthy quirk: elite soccer players are more likely to have been born in the earlier months of the year than in the later months. 英语语气：（1）陈述（2）祈使（3）虚拟 虚拟语气： 表示说的话不是事实，或者是不可能发生的情况，而是一种愿望、建议或与事实相反的假设等 【2003】If railroad charged all customers the same average rate, they argue, shippers who have the option of switching to trucks or other forms of transportation would do so, leaving remaining customers to shoulder the cost of keeping up the line. 【2007】If you were to examine the birth certificates of every soccer player in 2006’s World Cup tournament，you would most likely find a noteworthy quirk: elite soccer players are more likely to have been born in the earlier months of the year than in the later months. 【2008】In the early 1960s, Wilt Chamberlain was one of the only three players in the National Basketball Association (NBA) listed at at over seven feet. If he had played last season, however, he would have been one of 42. 2.虚拟语气在条件从句中的应用 ①If it were not raining, we should go for a picnic. 如果现在不下雨的话，我们就出去野餐了。 （事实是：天在下雨，我们不能出去野餐。表示愿望。） ②If he came here, he might be able to help you. 如果他来这，他就能够帮助你了。 （事实是：他没来这，他不可能帮助你。表示对他的良好印象。） ③She would have gone to the party if she had been invited. 要是当初她被邀请的话，她就会去参加这次聚会了。 （事实是：当时没有人邀请她，因此，她没有来参加聚会。表示后悔。）
可用虚拟语气的用法总结
虚拟语气的用法总结 语气：语气是动词的一中形式，它表示说话人对某一行为或事情的看法和态度。 虚拟语气表示动作或状态不是客观存在的事实，而是说话人的主观愿望，假设或推测等。如If I were you, I should study English. 一．虚拟语气在条件从句的用法 条件句有两类，一类是真实条件句；一类是非真实条件句，也就是虚拟条件句。 如果假设的情况是有可能发生的，就是真实条件句，谓语要用陈述语气。如If it doesn’t rain tomorrow, we will go to the park. 如果假设的情况是过去或现在都不存在的，或将来不大可能发生的，则是虚拟条件句。如If he had seen you yesterday, he would have asked you about it. 在含有虚拟条件句的复合句中，主句 If her mother had taken the doctor’s advice, she would/might have got well earlier. If it were to rain tomorrow, the match would be canceled. 有时候省略if，采用局部倒装语序。把had /should/were 等动词（不包括行为动词）移到从句的句首。例如： Were it to rain tomorrow, our picnic would be canceled. Had it not been for the storm, we would have arrived in time. Should the earth stop running, what would happen? 二. 错综时间条件句 有时条件从句的动作和主句动作发生的时间不一致，这时需要根据意思采用表示不同时间的动词形式来进行调整。 If she had taken the doctor’s advice, she might still be alive. If I were you, I would have accepted their terms. 三．含蓄条件句
何凯文考研英语十五大背诵句
大作文（12到16分） 三段论 第一段（30——60）描述图画。第一句：万能开头句（6,7）；第二句：图画描述句；第三句：总结句（2）。 Ps：可以用代词、such、one、the one mentioned above代替主题词 图画描述句：As is shown above, Step1：对中心对象位置的描述 in the middle of ; in the sunshine ; in the darkness Step2：对中心对象动作和状态 Step3：对中心对象周围事物 见另外一份讲义！ 第二段（100——120）阐述含义。 段落展开 1、科学论据法 2、举例法(Numerous cases exist to illustrate this point.) 3、虚拟语气 第一句：提出观点。 第二句：强调观点（背诵5,7）。 第三句：表明公众的主题。 第四局：强调态度。 第五局：上论据（句群）。 第六句：结尾句
第二句背诵5,7 适当修改 第五局： China Daily interviewed four people from four professions——a surgeon, a civil servant, a lawyer and a steelworker. The survey discovers that all of them are of the idea that 主题很重要。According to a survey conducted by China Academy of (Social)Science(CAS)/(CASS),主题很重要。 第三段（30——60）评论或举例。 1、正面话题 第一句：取其精华，去其糟粕。 第二句：如何面对 第三局：展望未来 Uttermost. 2、负面话题 第一句：背诵3 第二句：句群1、背诵句4；2、专家学者想办法；3、大众提升意识
虚拟语气用法总结及详细解析
虚拟语气用法 英语中的语气分为陈述语气、祈使语气、虚拟语气、疑问语气和感叹语气五类。 1、表示动作或状态是客观存在的、确定的或符合事实的，用于陈述句、疑问句和某些感叹句中。 China is an Asian country. (肯定句) How interesting my stay in China has been! (感叹句) 2、祈使句表示说话人对对方的请求、警告，建议或命令。如: Please come over here. 请到这边来。 Watch your steps! 当心!(走路) 3、虚拟语气表示说话者做出的假设而非事实，或难以实现的情况，甚至表达彻底相反的概念。此外，如需表达主观愿望或某种强烈的感情时，也可用虚拟语气。虚拟语气是由句中的谓语动词的特殊形式表示出来的。如: If I were a bird，I would be able to fly in the air. 如果我是一只小鸟，我就能在空中飞行。 I wish I could pass the examination. 我希望我能通过考试。
If there were a heavy snow next Sunday, we would not go skating. 如果下周日下大雪，我们就不能去滑冰了。 If she were to be here next Monday, I would tell her about the matter. 如果她下周一来这儿的话，我就会告诉她这件事的始末。 4、有时，虚拟条件句中，结果主句和条件从句的谓语动作若不是同时发生时，虚拟语气的形式应作相应的调整。这种条件句叫错综条件句。 ①从句的动作与过去事实相反，而主句的动作与现在或现在正在发生的事实不符。 If I had worked hard at school, I would be an engineer, too.如果我在学校学习刻苦的话，我现在也会成为一个工程师了 If they had informed us, we would not come here now. 如果他们通知过我们的话，我们现在就不会来这里了。 ②从句的动作与现在事实相反，而主句的动作与过去事实不符。 If he were free today, we would have sent him to Beijing. 如果他今天有空的话，我们会已经派他去北京了。 If he knew her, he would have greeted her. 要是他认识她的话，他肯定会去问候她了。 5、当虚拟条件句的谓语动词含有were, should, had时，if可以省略，这时条件从句要用倒装语序，即把were, should, had等词置于句首，这种多用于书面语。 Should he agree to go there, we would send him there.要是他答应去的话，我们就派他去。 Were she here, she would agree with us.如果她在这儿的话，她会同意我们的。 Had he learnt about computers, we would have hired him to work here. 如果他懂一些电脑知识的话，我们已经聘用他来这里工作了。 【注意】 若条件从句为否定句，否定词not应置于主语之后，而不能与were，should，had 等缩略成Weren't，Shouldn't，Hadn't而置于句首。 Had it not been for the bad weather we would have arrived on time. 若不是天气坏，我们就准时到达了。 ②有时省略if后提前的had不是助动词: Had I time，I would come. 假若我有时间，我会来的。(=If I had time…) 6、非真实条件句中的条件从句有时不表达出来，暗含在副词、介词短语、上下文或其他方式表示出来，这种句子叫做含蓄条件句。 ①将条件会暗含在介词短语中，如without…, but for…,otherwise（要不是因为）等 But for his help, we would be working now. (要不是他的帮助，我们还会在工作呢。
英语常见虚拟语气最全总结
英语常见虚拟语气最全总结 一、初中英语虚拟语气 1．If I ____ a candle, I would light the world bright. A．am B．are C．be D．were 【答案】D 【解析】 试题分析：句意：如果我是一根蜡烛，我将点亮这个世界。if I were 如果我是…，were虚拟语气，be动词都用were,故选D 考点：if条件句的虚拟语气 点评：if条件句的虚拟语气，是中考要求掌握的知识点，分为三种情况： 表示与现在事实相反的情况，从句谓语动词用一般过去式（be用were），主句谓语动词 用should/would/could/might +do;2.表示与过去的事实相反的情况，从句谓语动词用过去完成时，主句谓语动词用should/would/could/might+have done;3.表将来的事实相反的情况，从句谓语动词用should+动词/did/were to do，主句谓语动词用should/would/could/might +do。 2．If I _______ you, I _______ go there. A．is; will B．is; would C．were; would D．was; will 【答案】C 【解析】本题考查虚拟语气，if引导的与现在事实相反的虚拟语气。从句用一般过去式，主句用过去将来时。句意：如果我是你的话，我会去那儿的。 1.57．---What would you do if you a million dollars? ---If I you, I’d g ive it to medical research. A．got, were B．win, am C．won, am D．get, were 【答案】A 【解析】本题是考查的虚拟语气，对于将来的假设，主句用过去将来时，从句用一般过去时，且be动词为were，故选A 2.58．What _____ you _____ if you had a million dollars? A．would, did B．will, do C．would, do D．will, did 【答案】C 【解析】本题是对于虚拟语气的特殊疑问句的考查，根据句子的结构，选C 3．I suggest that we Chinese people_______Chinese culture with love and joy everywhere we go. A．spread B．spreading C．to spread D．will spread 【答案】A 【解析】 【详解】 句意：我建议我们中国人无论走到哪里都要带着爱心和欢乐来传播中国文化， 考查动词suggest后跟虚拟语气。spread是动词原形；spreading是动名词；to spread是动
虚拟语气语法总结
虚拟语气 在英语文法中有三种语气，即直述式语气(In dicative Mood)、祈使语气(Imperative Mood)和虚拟语气(Subjective Mood)，其中前两种我们早已熟悉了，这里则不多谈了，女口：How beautiful she is!则是直述式语气，而Hurry up! Do n't hurry up则是祈使语气。我们主要来看看虚拟语气的主要用法。虚拟语气主要是用来表达一种无法实现的愿望，一种与事实相反的情况，或者将不可能实现的，或可能性很小的事实，假想为事实予以表述。这样的动词结构称为虚拟语气。它主要有三种形式，即与现在事实相反的假设，与过去事实相反的假设，与将来事实相反的假设。它们具体结构如表8 —7。 虚拟语气的构成 虚拟语气其他习惯用法简表
1语法辨析 In correct: If I was a girl, I would marry you Correct: If I were a girl, I would marry you 表示与现在事实相反的虚拟语气时，if条件句中的be动词一律用were，这句话应译为我要是个女孩，我就嫁给你。实际上不可能是个女孩。 In correct: If I were you I will not worry Correct: If I were you I should n't worry 现在时的虚拟语气主句要用should或would加动词原形，这句话应译为我要是你的话，就没有必要烦恼。要注意这种语态用在这里实际上是想把要讲出的观点表达得婉转些，有礼貌些。 In correct: God forgives you! Correct: God forgive you! 这里的主语God是第三人称单数，之所以动词不加s是因为要表达一种祝愿，即人力所不能及的事情，实际上是forgive前有一助动词should, May 等, 但在口语中将其省略了。如：May you be happy祝你幸福。 In correct: If the weather was nice yesterday, we would have gone to the zoo Correct: If the weather had been nice yesterday we would have gone to the zoo
考研英语语法之虚拟语气
虚拟语气 一、虚拟条件句 条件句分两种：一种是真实条件句，一种是虚拟条件句。虚拟条件句，即指在一个虚拟假想的条件下来描述说话人想象的、非真实的情景，这些情景是不可能发生的，与客观事实相反。在这种条件句中，从句和主句都要用虚拟语气。虚拟条件句一般用if，unless (if not)，lest来引导。 表示虚拟的时间从句的谓语形式主句的谓语形式 would/should/might/could + do 现在过去式did would/should/might/could + have done had done 过去完成时过去 would/should/might/could + do were to do/should do 将来 If I have enough money, I will go to the zoo with you. If I had enough money, I would go to the zoo with you. If I had had enough money, I would have gone to the zoo with you. If I should have enough money, I would go to the zoo with you. If you were to examine the birth certificates of every soccer player in 2006's World Cup Tournament, you would most likely find a noteworthy quirk: elite soccer players are most likely to have been born in the earlier months of the year than in the later months. If railroads charged all customers the same average rate, they argue, shippers who have the option of switching to trucks or other forms of transportation would do so, leaving remaining customers to shoulder the cost of keeping the line. 二、wish、if only的虚拟用法（wish引导宾语从句，if only引导感叹句） 与现在相反过去式did If only ( = I wish) my friend was healthy! If only ( = I wish) he had talked过去完成时had done to her sooner! 与过去相反 If only ( = I wish) they would stop making would do 与将来相反过去将来时nuclear bombs! At the second home, the son of the other woman who had gone said, “If only I hadn't insisted on my mother's going to Florida, she would be alive today.” 三、would rather引导的宾语从句的虚拟用法 would rather意为“宁愿、宁可”，其后的宾语从句用虚拟语气。would rather有时也写作would sooner，would just as soon。 与现在或将来相反过去式did
虚拟语气用法及动词形式
用法及动词形式 1、表示与现在事实相反的情况： 从句：If 主语+过去时(Be动词用were) 主句：主语+should/would/could/might+do eg： 1．If I were you,I would take an umbrella. 如果我是你，我会带把伞。（事实：我不可能是你） 2．If I knew his telephone number,I would tell you. 如果我知道他的电话号码，我就会告诉你。（事实：不知道） 3．If there were no air or water,there would be no living things on the earth. 如果没有水和空气，地球上就不会有生物。(事实：地球上既有空气也有水) 4．If I had any money with me,I could lend you some. 如果我带钱了，我就会借给你些。（事实：没有带钱） 5．If he studied harder,he might pass the exam. 如果他再努力些，就能通过考试了。（事实：没有努力） 6．she looked at me as if I had been a stranger. 她看我的样子好像我是一个陌生人。（事实：我并非陌生人） 2、表示与过去事实相反的情况 从句：If 主语+had+done 主句：主语+should/would/could/might+have done eg： 1． If I had got there earlier,I should/could have met her. 如果我早到那儿，我就会见到她。 （事实：去晚了） 2．If he had taken my advice,he would not have made such a mistake. 如果他听我的劝告的话，就不会犯这样的错误了。 （事实：没有听我的话） 3、表示对将来情况的主观推测 从句：①if+主语+were to do 主句：①主语 +should/would/could/might+do ②if+主语+did/were ②主语+should/would/could/might+do ③if+主语+should+do ③主语+should/would/could/might+do eg： 1．If he should come here tomorrow,I would talk to him. 如果他明天来这儿的话，我就跟他谈谈。（事实：来的可能性很小）
英语虚拟语气
虚拟语气的用法与高考必考知识点 语气 (mood)是一种动词形式，用以表示说话者的意图或态度。英语中的语气有三种：陈述语气、祈使语气和虚拟语气。 直陈语气(indicative mood),表示所说的话是事实。 祈使语气(imperative mood),表示所说的话是请求或命令。 虚拟语气(subjunctive mood),表示说的话不是事实，或者是不可能发生的情况，而是一种愿望、建议或与事实相反的假设等。 一、虚拟语气在条件状语句中的应用 条件句有真实条件句与非真实条件句(或称虚拟条件句)两种。真实条件句所表的假设是可能发生或实现的，句中的条件从句与结果主句都用陈述语气。如：If it doesn’t rain tomorrow, I will go for a picnic. 假若明天不下雨，我就去野餐。 Oil floats if you pour it on water. 你如把油倒在水里，油就浮起来。 虚拟条件句所表的假设则是不可能或不大可能发生或实现的，句中的条件从句与结果 1. 与现在事实相反的虚拟条件句，条件从句的谓语用动词的过去式(be的过去式用were), 主句的谓语用should／would／might／could +动词原形。如： If it were not raining, we should go for a picnic. 如果现在不下雨的话，我们就出去野餐了 If he came here, he might be able to help you. 如果他来这，他就能够帮助你了。2. 与过去事实相反的虚拟条件句，条件从句的谓语用had + 过去分词，主句的谓语should ／would／might／could + have ＋过去分词。如： She would have gone to the party if she had been invited.要是当初她被邀请的话，她就会去参加这次聚会了。 If she hadn't called me, I would have overslept this morning.今天早上，她要是不叫我的话，我就会睡过头了。 3. 与将来事实可能相反的虚拟条件句，条件从句的谓语用动词的过去式(be的过去式用were)；should＋动词原形；were to＋动词原形，主句用should／would／might／could +动词原形。如：
(完整)虚拟语气用法归纳,推荐文档
虚拟语气用法归纳 虚拟语气主要指的的是带有非真实条件状语从句的复合句，表达的是说话人的遗憾后悔的语气，愿望以及建议，命令，要求等等的情感，往往说的是与事实相反或者没办法实现改变的东西。虚拟语气主要表现为在对过去现在或者将来的情况做出假设后，有可能出现的情况。 虚拟语气的内容主要有三大模块，第一模块就是涉及到条件从句部分的内容。这一部分的虚拟语气主要体现在三个方面：基本用法，各自为政，以及含蓄之美。 下表就是条件从句虚拟语气的基本用法： 通常，在上面表格里反映的是非真实条件句的虚拟语气模式，从句和主句的谓语动词时间是一致的，如果两者时间不一致，此时就是混合型虚拟语气。混合型虚拟语气的使用要求“各自为政”，即从句和主句根据各自假设的时间不同，采用上面表格中对应的的谓语动词形式。 如何“各自为政”呢？这就像是数学里的排列组合，一边有三种情况，交叉一搭配就出现了好多种情况。不管怎样，我们要遵循一个原则，就是“各自为政”。例如，从句是对过去情况的假设，而主句则是对现在情况的假设，那我们在使用时，从句就用过去完成式，而主句要用would/could do的形式。当然，也不是所有的AB配就是合理的，有时候在具体语境下，会出现矛盾的情况，这时我们就要结合要表达的意思来判断他们是对什么情况的假设，选择合适的形式。一般而言，主句的假设时间会发生在从句的假设时间之后。因为是有这么一个条件才会出现主句的现状。因此在此类的完成句子练习中，我们要特别提醒注意时间状语的暗示 1. If I had seen you, I would not be so worried now. (从句是对过去的假设，主句是对现在的假设) 2. If you had not watched television so late last night, you would not be so sleepy now.( 从句是对过去的假设，主句是对现在的假设) 3. If I were you, I would seize the chance to go abroad. (从句和主句都是现在的假设) 4. Had you followed the doctor’s suggestion, you would be fine now.( 从句是对过去的假设，主句是对现在的假设) 5. If I had made some money last summer, I would go on holiday next month.( 从句是对过去的假设，主句是对将来的假设) 6. You didn’t let me drive. If we had driven in turns, you wouldn’t be so tired now. (从句是对过去的假设，主句是对现在的假设) 7. If Jack hadn’t met Rose on his voyage, he would be alive now. (从句是对过去的假设，主句是对现在的假设) 8. If Lily didn’t attend today’s party, she could not have the chance to work in the company next week. (从句是对现在的假设，主句是对将来的假设) 9. Had Father followed my travel plan , our family would not stay at home now. (从句是对