如何用英语描写雾霾

如何用英语描写雾霾
如何用英语描写雾霾

如何用英语描写雾霾

红色预警

12月7日18时,北京首次发布空气重污染红色预警(red alert for heavy air pollution),启动了空气污染应急制度中等级最高的措施。

This is the first time Beijing has issued a red alert for smog since 2013 when Beijing adopted an emergency response program for air pollution.

这是北京自2013年开始实施空气污染应急制度以来首次发布雾霾红色预警。▌主要应急措施包括:?suspend classes in all elementary and middle schools, kindergartens and extracurricular training schools;

所有的中小学、幼儿园、少年宫及校外教育机构停课;

?cars are allowed on the roads on alternating days depending on the odd or even numbers of their license plates;

机动车将依据汽车尾号实施单双号限行;

?outdoor operations of construction sites are banned and some industrial plants are required to limit or stop production.

工地停止室外施工作业,同时一些工业企业也要按要求采取限产或停产措施。

▌怎样才能启动红色预警?

?Four-tier alerts - blue, yellow, orange and red - will be issued on "heavy pollution" days. Red alert, the highest, will be issued for heavy pollution that is expected to last more than three days.

在空气重污染情况下将会发出预警,霾的预警级别由低到高分别为蓝色、黄色、橙色和红色四个等级。其中红色是最高级别,当重度空气污染持续三天以上将会发布红色预警。

▌等风来

北京市环境监测中心(Beijing Municipal Environmental Monitoring Center)表示,这次空气重污染将一直持续到周四(linger until Thursday)。在周四下午开始一股较强冷空气(cold front)的到来,将使雾霾消散(to disperse)。雾霾再严重,也阻挡不了我们顽强学习英语的决心!而且听说雾霾天学点跟雾霾环保有关的英语更配哦!

如何描述雾霾

????先来学一些关键动词

▌blanket(笼罩)

Much of northern China has been blanketed in thick smog after Beijing issued its highest air pollution alert of the winter in the capital.

北京发布了今冬最严重的空气污染预警后,华北大部分都笼罩在浓浓雾霾中。▌engulf(吞噬、使陷入)

Beijing was again engulfed in heavy smog on Tuesday, sending air pollution readings soaring.

北京周二又深陷严重雾霾之中,空气污染指数飙升。

Air pollution in Beijing reached hazardous levels on Saturday as smog engulfed large parts of China despite efforts to clean up the foul air.

尽管中国在努力清洁污浊的空气,但在周六,雾霾仍吞噬了中国大部分地区,北京的空气污染在周六达到严重有害程度。

▌shroud (覆盖)

Since Tuesday, the city had been shrouded in grey smog, reducing visibilities to a few hundred metres.

周二以来,这个城市就被灰色雾霾笼罩,可见度降到仅有几百米。

▌envelop(包裹、包围)

Residents of north-eastern China donned gas masks and locked themselves indoors on Sunday after their homes were enveloped by some of the worst levels of smog on record.

史上最严重的雾霾包围了中国东北部,居民都戴上了防毒面具,或把自己关在家里。

????怎样用英语吐槽雾霾

“相比于冀霾的激烈、沪霾的湿热、粤霾的阴冷,我更喜欢京霾的醇厚、真实和具体”……中文含蓄又尖锐的嘲讽,换成英文,就变成直截了当的吐槽。

?The smog is severe!

雾霾太严重了!

?When the pollution gets really serious, I can't even see the buildings next to me.

雾霾太严重了,附近的建筑都看不清了。

?I'm very concerned about my son's health. If the air pollution stays like this, he won't ever be able to leave the house.

我很担心我儿子的健康。如果空气质量一直这么差的话,他就不能去外面玩。

?Strong cold air is in the forecast to blow away the smog.

天气预报说有强冷空气要来吹散雾霾了。

????各种“雾”的区别

▌fog

雾,相对湿度(the relative humidity)一般在90%以上。

▌mist

薄雾,多指晨间的白雾。

▌haze

霾,由细小的悬浮颗粒(fine suspended particles)引起的,常与thick、dense等形容词连用;此外,haze还有薄雾、迷糊的意思。

▌smog

烟雾,由smoke和fog构成,是烟尘等引起的空气污染。可用dense、choking(令人窒息的)、noxious(有毒的)等形容词修饰。

????雾霾关键词

▌Popular Science 大众科学

相对湿度relative humidity

能见度visibility

污浊的空气foul air

连续多日烟雾consecutive smoggy days

▌Measurement 计量方式

大气质量指数 AQI(Air Quality Index)

大气污染指数 API(Air Pollution Index)

空气质量检测air quality monitoring

实时发布的PM2.5数据real-time PM2.5 data

▌Particulate matter 悬浮微粒

可吸入颗粒物 PM 10

可入肺颗粒物 PM 2.5

悬浮颗粒物 Airborne particulate matter

有毒物质toxic substance

有害空气污染物hazardous airborne pollutant

▌Prevention 防护

防尘口罩anti-dust mask

空气净化器 air purifier

橙色预警 orange alert

▌Related words 相关词汇

机动车燃油burning of fossil fuels in vehicles

发电厂power plants

各类工业生产various industrial processes

爆表了!off the charts!

职业病occupational disease

机动车尾气尘vehicle exhaust

乘客滞留passengers stranded

环保词汇

空气质量的改善,光靠抱怨是没有用的,还需要大家共同努力,再一起来看一些具体做法的环保词汇吧!

▌细颗粒物PM2.5

是指“可入肺颗粒物”,现在多被称为“细颗粒物”。PM的英文全称为particulate matter(微粒物、悬浮微粒),PM2.5就是指大气中直径小于或等于2.5微米的颗粒物,可直接进入人体的alveoli of the lungs(肺泡),也称为“可入肺颗粒物”,它的直径还不到人头发丝粗细的1/20。PM2.5主要来自机动车尾气尘、燃油尘、硫酸盐、餐饮油烟尘、建筑水泥尘、煤烟尘和硝酸盐等。

▌低碳生活方式low-carbon lifestyle

低碳生活方式(low-carbon lifestyle)代表着更健康、更自然、更安全的生活,同时也是一种低成本、低代价的生活方式。低碳不仅是企业行为,也是一项符

合时代潮流的生活方式。低碳(low carbon),意指较低(更低)的温室气体(二氧化碳为主)排放,就是低能量(low energy),低消耗(low consumption )的生活方式。

▌低碳经济low-carbon economy

“低碳经济”是指在可持续发展理念(sustainable development concept)指导下,通过技术创新(technological innovation)、制度创新(system innovation)、产业转型(industrial transformation)、新能源开发(new energy development )等多种手段,尽可能地减少煤炭石油等高碳能源消耗(high carbon energy consumption),减少温室气体排放(greenhouse gas emissions),达到经济社会发展与生态环境保护双赢的一种经济发展形态。▌可再生资源回收renewable resource recycling

如今,为了提倡环保,街道两边的垃圾桶都可以进行垃圾分类(garbage sorting),主要分为可回收垃圾(recoverable garbage)和不可回收垃圾(unrecoverable garbage),而我们家庭中常见的则是餐厨垃圾(kitchen waste)。而无法回收的垃圾也并非一无是处,有些发电厂就利用垃圾焚烧(waste incineration)来发电。

▌垃圾按量收费pay as you throw

缩写为PAYT,每个家庭(household)都要为不可回收垃圾(non-recyclable rubbi sh)的处理支付费用,而费用的多少则根据垃圾的数量(quantity)和重量(weight)来计算。可回收垃圾(recyclable waste)的处理是免费的,遵循的是“多循环,少交费(the more you recycle, the less you pay)”原则。

▌无烟环境smoke-free environment

我们在有些公共场所可以看到NO SMOKING的牌子,这类场所就属于smoke-free area(无烟区)。北京市实施最严禁烟令以来,全部室内公共场所都属于无烟环境。

▌碳税carbon tax

是基于市场的主要减排方案之一,根据化石燃料(fossil fuel)燃烧后排放碳量的多少,针对化石燃料的生产、分配或使用来征收税费。而相比之下,使用风力(wind),日光(sunlight),水电(hydropower)等非燃烧能源(non-combustion energy sources)则更加环保。征收碳税(carbon tax)的目的在于控制气候变化(climate change)和全球变暖(global warming)。

▌碳足迹carbon footprint

指直接或间接支持人类活动所产生的温室气体总量(the total amount of greenhouse gases produced to directly and indirectly support human activities),通常用产生的二氧化碳吨数来表示。比如,你开车的时候,发动机在燃烧汽油的同时会释放出一定量的二氧化碳,这个量由耗油量和行驶里程决定。

▌碳浓度carbon intensity

指消耗每吨能源所产生的碳排放量(carbon emission)。我们采取措施减少温室气体排放(greenhouse gas emission)就可以降低大气中的碳浓度(carbon intensity)。

▌光污染light pollution

“光污染”指的是一种物理性污染(physical pollution),但标准很难界定。常见的光污染源(light pollution sources)包括霓虹灯(neon light)、装饰灯(decorative light )、广告牌(advertisement boards)、大厦的玻璃幕墙(glass walls of skyscrapers)等等。

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