托福口语真题(含答案)

托福口语真题(含答案)
托福口语真题(含答案)

100430NA

Task2: Should a city try to preserve it’s old , historic building or destroy them and replace them with modern buildings?

*In my opinion a city must try to preserve it’s old ,historic building.

*Firstly, is that we need to preserve our history, every building has its own historical background, especially that help us to know more about the previous period of history.

*Furthermore, the old historic buildings of a city would accentuate a city's culture and characteristic. Beijing is the best example, although a lot of new modern building have been built in this city, the most attractive place of Beijing is still the old historic buildings.

*Finally, preserving old historic building also means respecting the previous generations. That’s why I think a city must try to preserve it’s old ,historic building. 100312NA

Task1: It’s important for students to have computers? Explain why computers are important to students.

*As a college student I think computer is important in my daily life.

*I can use my computer to store important assignments and valuable informations.

*I also like use my computer surfing on the internet for learning, shopping, watching movies, listening to musics and so on, computer makes my life more colorful and convenient.

*Computer also plays an important role in keeping in touch with my family and friends, charting and sharing emotions together via Internet, which can be the cheapest and fastest way of far-distance communication.

Task2: Do you agree or disagree with the following statement?People should state honest opinions even though they are different from other people’s opinions.

*Personally, I would be honest all the time because of the following reasons.

*Firstly, I believe that honest is one of the most important characters of a person. It helps you build a good reputation among your friends. Everyone likes the honest people. *Secondly, being honest can make life easier. If you tell a lie, you need to make up more and more stories to ensure that it not be exposed.

*What's more, if you keep honest, others will be honest to you. It makes our life happier. There are no more misunderstandings among you and other people.

*So, just be honest, just be yourself!

110827NA

Task2: If a high school in your hometown is planning to provide students with an after-school activity. What activity would you like to recommend?

*In my opinion, sporting events such as playing ballgames, trank and swimming are good choices.

*Firstly, when students participate in sports activities, they can get good exercise and learn life-long habits of keeping mentally and physically fit.

*Secondly, sports activities can make students more creativity and problem-solving, and even dealing with the stress they have in their study .

*What’s more, Team sports require students to work together to achieve a common goal and remove the focus from the individual to the team. Learning social skill like cooperation which is a valuable skill in all aspects of their life.

(Finally, participating in sports activities can teach a student how to juggle school, homework, family life, and learn the importance of priorities and planning.)

110319NA

Task 1:In your opinion, what are some important characteristics of a good school? Use reasons and specific examples to explain why these characteristics are important.

*In my opinion, a good school should have following characteristics:

*Firstly, it should have good reputation, I mean, the high teaching quality can gurantee that all the students are competitive in the future.

*Besides,having advanced facilities is also pretty important, because well-equipped library and computer lab can help the students study in a high effiency.

*Finally, the school should have more than enough scholarship funding to allow students study with a high motivation and at the same time creat a good study atmosphere.

Task2: What kind of job will you choose? To choose a job through which you can get a lot of money or to choose a job through you can get great personal satisfaction?

*Personally, I would like to find a job in which I can get personal satisfaction.

*One of the reason is that I’m not the kind of people which work just for money. I also don't want to be one of those people who offered much money, but also endure high pressure and a lot of over time work.

*Further more, just working for the money is not motivating enough for me. If I’m not satisfied with what I want I do, it will be easy for me to feel tired and thus give up halfaway.

*In addition, just working for the money sounds really greedy. I don’t think I could respect myself if I became that materialistic. If I had the choice between doing something I love and a higher salary, I would choose the former. (characters)

110917NA

Task 1: Describe the person you asked for help once, and explain how you solved your problem.

*I could never forget my uncle help me making a decision about my life .

*When I was finish the college entrance examination, I have a hard time to choose major in university, my father told me to choose major that have mach more possibility to get a high-paying job, whether I like it or not. My uncle came, he supported me to choose the major I like, he told me that only when you loved the major, you could dedicate yourself into it, and then get happiness and successful.

*Now I’m a senior student major in geophysics, and get some academic achievements in this field.

*I have always been grateful to his help until now.

Task 2: Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? The first year students should live with older students.

*Personally I agree that the first year students live with older students.

*One reason for this is that students who live with older students during their first year can get more socially prepared for life. They can learn what it is like to live away from home and their parents from the older students who have already experienced.

*Secondly, old students who study in similar major with the first year students can help them lay a good foundation in their learning by lending them study materials they have used. (study)

*In a world, I think the advantage of living with older students for the first year students is outweigh to the disadvantage of it.

(*In my opinion, it is better for freshmen living in the same dormitory with students from senior grades.

*Firstly Living together offers the students from different grades to communicate more often. This is especially helpful for freshmen. If the freshmen have any problem about study, they could simple go upstairs or downstairs asking for help from their predecessor. *Secondly, it is very convenient for students to make more friends from different grades. It can enlarge their personal relationship.)

111217NA

Task1: Describe one way to improve the system of education in your country. Use specific details and examples to support your opinion.

*Currently there are some problems in my country’s education system, which are reflected in the overall weakness of the students' capability.

* Many students with excellent academic records in university but lack of the ability of dealing with practical problems. I think it would be helpful to increase the training in this aspect by giving students some practical projects to do, so they can learn the skills of solving problems with their knowledge they have learned.

Task2: Some people like to reading paper books while others like to listen to audio books. Which do you prefer and why?

*Personally, I prefer to listen to audio books. The main reasons are go as follows.

*To start with it’s more relaxing, that’s easier for us to stick to. Listening is more comfortable, and it’s obvious that reading is physically much more tiring than listening.

*What’s more, listening to audio book is actually more flexible. I mean it’s not so limited to time and location as reading is. For example, when I’m walking in the street, waiting in a long line or cleaning my room, reding is not an option.

111209NA

Task1:What are the advantages and disadvantages of allowing students to eat in class? Use specific details and examples to support your opinion.

*I think school should’t allow st udents to eat in class.

*One important reason is that eating is distractive in the class, it can cause noise and smell, and thus disturb other students from concentrating on what the teacher is teaching.

*Additionally, I admit that eating sometimes may help hungry students quickly restore energy so that they can better focus on class. However, I think it disrespectful to eat while someone else is talking. I mean teachers may feel upset if students have snack in front of them.(respect others)

*So basically, the disadvantages of eating in class outweigh its benefits.

Task2: Some people like to collect old things such as newspapers. Others throw things away after they have used them. Which do you prefer and why? * I think all depends on what the old things are.

*I would like to throw away things which are meaningless to me. For example, I often throw or donated some clothes that outdated and buy new ones to replace them, because I like to follow the fashion and new trends.

*On the other hand, I prefer collect old things which carry memory and culture with them. Old photos were took with my family or friends, old stamps published in special days, old

books that I want to read many times , and so on, all worthy of collection.

120218NA

Task1: Describe a serious problem that your country is now facing. Explain why this problem is serious.

*Personally, I think the overpopulation is one of the serious problem that my country is facing now.

*My country have over 1.3 billion people, which is occupied one sixth of world’s population. The overpopulation means limited resources must be divided among a large number of people, so it caused many problems such as crowed conditions in the public area, traffic congestions, employment pressure, and poverty of resources and so on.

*So it’s necessary for my country to control the growth of population now and the future. Task2:. Do you prefer finishing your work once you got them or to wait until the due day, why?

*I have the habit of making a schedule whenever I have received a certain task , cause I think trying to finish a task as early as possible has at least two benefits.

*First, finishing a task earlier means I woule be relieved from the stress earlier. I hate having to worry about a task every day and I’d prefer to work hard and finish everything quickly and enjoy the rest of the days in a trouble-free state of mind.

*Second, sometimes there are emergencies I have to deal with like errors I have to correct which might take more time than I expect. So for the sake of safty, I woud not choose to be a last-minute-person.

120309NA

Task1: A university is planning to build a parking lot so students can park their cars. Do you agree or disagree with this plan?

*I disagree with the university’s plan to build a parking lot.

*The university’s primary focus should be to offer its students access to an excellent education with the best professors, materials, technology, and a safe campus environment. Instead of a parking lot, the university should use those funds to offer sholarships for students, or pay students to work and earn money to help them with their school costs.

*Besides, expanding the parking lot would encourage more students to drive to campus, that would add noise around and creat more traffic, students would find the campus parking lot become too congested to park over.

Task2: Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? It is not necessary for students to memorize historical data such as names and dates because students can easily find them on the Internet.

*I think students should memorize some common historical nemes and dates that reflect

and explain major events in a country’s history.

*Because, memorizing important historical information allows students to understand society’s economic issues, social situations, and political changes.

*Also, it’s important that students remember names of significant leaders and dates of noteworthy events that shaped a country’s history. Sometimes young people don’t realize the conflicts, and struggles that others went through to gain rights, recognition,and even freedom.

*Therefore, relying totally on the internet to look up historical data doesn’t allow students to truly appreciatt the critical contributions of leaders.

120420NA

Task1: If your school has received a large amount of money. Would you like this money to be used for building a school gymnasium or building a science laboratory?

*If my university has just been invested, I think it is perfect time to building a science laboratory.

*On the one hand, the labs in my university are out of date, and only have ancient equipments to do some simple experiments. If my university don’t building the lab any more, We would be lagged behind among the universities in my coutry.

*On the other hand, universities have better condition of labs, which can motivate their students to make better progress in chemical or physical or biological experiments, and have possibilities to acquire more academic achievements.

Task2: Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? Young people should not take part-time jobs because this has a negative effect on their study.

*Personalliy, I disagree with the part-time jobs has a negative effect on study. I think the advantages of part-time jobs is outweight the disadvantages.

*Firstly, Part time jobs can practice young people’s independent abilities and social communication skills, which can not be satisfied by the academic studies.

*Secondly, young people who have much social experiences through part-time jobs would awearness how important and valuabe the oppotunities to study. Which would motivate them to study harder then before.

120323NA

Task1: What kind of food do you recommend to add to the food menu of the campus cafeteria? Use Examples and details to support your response.

*Personally speaking, I suggest university cafeteria to add more vegetables and fruits to

the food menu.

*First of all, vegetables and fruits are rich in nutrients. Such as vitamins and all kinds of minerals which are vital to people’s health. If students want to study efficiently, then it is essential for them to have a healthy body.

*Vegetables and fruits are also easy to cook. Like making a salad, what you need to do is simply put some fruit pieces and leaves say, lettuces together and mix it with mayonnaise. It only takes a few minutes to finish the salad.

Task2: Some people like to buy new and expensive books while others prefer to buy old and cheap ones. Which would you prefer?

*As for me, I would rather buy used books instead of buying new ones.

*To start with, used books are cheaper than new books. As a student, I only have limited budget. It would be a big cost to spend money on new books, considering the prices.Yet used books are much affordable for a student.

*Furthermore, it is environmentally friendly to buy used books. As we know, papers are made of trees, the decrease of trees can cause serious environmental problems. If people can voluntarily buy used books, few trees will be cut down, then the environmental problems would be solved thereafter.

120505NA

Task1: your university is planing to use electronic books to replace paper books and magazines in it’s library. What is your opinion about this plan?

*I thinks it’s a great idea to replace paper books and magazines with electronic ones.

*Because, it’s is easier for students to keep thousand of e-books with their portable personal devices, such as laptops, Ipads, ebook-readers.

* Also, since electronic materials are often cheaper than print materials, this helps with our university’s limited budget and at the same time protect our environment.

*What’s more, students are not allowed to cut off paragraphs from the library books , while electronic sources can be cut, paste or reedit, and organized by key words and phrases, that would greatly reduces the amount of reading, and searching.(convinent) Task2: do you agree or disagree with the following statements? Use specific reasons and examples to support your responds. Government should spend money on some projects to encourage citizens to lead healthier lifestyles.

*My firm position is that the government should spend money on projects to encourage citizens to lead healthier lifestyles.

*Because it can reduce money spent on insurance and medical care, as well as save lives. *Also, if more individuals have an incentive to do preventive health care, they would enjoy their longevity, and at the same time provide more labour force and fortune to the society.

*In a word, government funding to encourage healthier lifestyles is worthwhile.

120706NA

Task1: What are the advantages and disadvantages for young children to play computer games

*When it comes to this topic, I can only findout one advantage for young people to play computer games, as we all know that some well designed games canstimulate young children’s brains and d evelop their intelligence and creativity.

*However, as a matter of fact, the disadvantages far outweigh the benefits.

*Firstly, young people are easy to get addicted to the games. If they spend too much time playing games, academic and physical problems can be caused.

*Furthermore, there are too many unhealthy elements, such as violence, exposed to the kids while playing video games.

*So young children should not be allowed to play computer games.

Task2: Some people read the instruction before using a product. Others start using a product without reading the instruction. Which do you think is better and why?

*Considering all the aspects that might be involved in, I prefer reading the instruction before using a product.

*The first reason is that as the technology develops so rapidly, not only the cutting edge products but also the daily stuff have become distinct, therefore an instruction is needed so that we can be proficient to use them.

*In addition, unless you have read the instruction you will not know how many functions it has. While using products, such as multifunctional pocket knives and so forth, you might hurt yourself, so it is necessary to read instruction.

120728NA

Task1: Which of the following jobs do you think is the hardest one? Government workers,doctors or police officers?

*As far as I’m concerned, doctor is the hardest job among the three.

*To begin with, it is quite difficult to become a doctor. First, you have to go to medical college and that’s not easy at all. After that you study for more than 8 years to be a qualified doctor. Within these 8 years, a wide range of subjects are acquired. For instance, biology, physics and so on so forth.

*After successfully becoming a doctor, then a huge sense of responsibility comes up. A doctor should always think of his patients and try the best to patients to recover.

*More importantly, a doctor ought to keep inproving the skills required in the practice and

get ready to accept any challenges that may encounter.

Task2: do you agree or disagree with the statement? Students should visit some museums, like science museums, art museums and history museums?

*I think it’s a great idea for students to visit some museums.

*We can’t deny that museums can play an important role in education. Students can experience something totally differet from what they have learnt in class, because most of the exhibitions in the museums are real and approachable, which can motivate student’s interest of science, art and history.

*While, more and more museums are providing fantastic displays and even bring in interesting games to attract large numbers of students, and leave them deep impressions. Student can learn some knowledges and have fun at the same time.

120817NA

Task1: Which of the following jobs would you like to do in your city? Clean up the city,build more bicycle trails or plant more trees?

*I consider planting more trees is a better choice I would like to do in my city.

*First of all, as everyone knows, trees are the main source of producing oxygen which is a basic need for the survival of all living creatures. More trees obviously mean more oxygen and creatures living there is given a great shot to breathe a great deal of freash air. *In addition, trees can beautify the whole city and make people feel like they are out in the nature. As people becoming more and more indoor-like, they prefer to spend the day sitting in front of a computer instesd of going out. Color green is considered to have the effects of making people relaxed and relieved. If the city is filled with green, people may start to put computers aside and engage themselves into the nature.

Task2: Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? It is better to have classes with good friends?

*Well, I don’t think to have classes with good friends will work.

*First of all, studying in the same class with good friends can reduce study efficiency for it is easy for both to get distracted and unfocused. Like, one of them wants to share what has happened recently or even asks questions that one may not understand would result in distractions for both. Therefore, having classes separately is a better option than in the same class.

*Additionally, friends have great influence on each other. For example, if one of them don’t want to go to class because of the bad weather, it’s likely that the other one would not want to go too.

*However, I admit that friends can help each other in the same class and they can be stimuated with the pressure of compeition. Still the disadvantages outweght the benefits

120907NA

Task1: Which place is the best place to live in? a place near your school or company, a place near your home, or a place near a transportation center?Explain why?

*I would like to live near the transportation center.

*First of all, it’s convenient for me to take public transport if I live close to a transit center.

I mean

Task2: Some students prefer to study by reading books. Other students prefer to study by listening to lectures. Which way do you prefer and why?

120915NA

Task1: Nowadays, robots can help people to do many things. Do you think it is a good idea and why?

Task2: Some people think that employees should be require to wear formal suits, others think that employees should wear casual clothes. What is your opinion?

121006NA

Task1: If you get an opportunity to take a travel to space moon, would you like to take the trip? Explain why?

Task2: Should your government build a library or a park in your community?

121012NA

Task1: Where would you like to take a foreign friend to visit in your city? A factory, a university or a museum?Explain why?

Task2: Some people think primary school students should be taught how to type. Others think that kids should be taught about hand writing.What is your opinion?

121103NA

Task1: Which subject do you want to study most? Math, drawing, or science?

Personally, I’d like to study science, because it’s necessary to learn science in our everyday life, anything we learn in the science can makes us smarter!

Firstly, science is the study of the world around us , you can learn all about the world that we live in ,and how things work, what living things there are, how things happen, and so on.

science helps you to become less gullible, because there is a lot of wrong information on the television, the internet, and in rumors. if you learn the truth by learning science, you won't fall for all those scams

Task2: Some people prefer to keep in touch with their family members and friends by e-mail some others prefer to use telephone, which why do you prefer?

121027NA

Task1: Talk about a family member who has similar traits and behaviors as you.

Task2: Some people prefer to live in a brand new and big apartment which is far from a workplace or a university. Other people prefer to live in an old and small apartment which is near a workplace or a university.Which do you prefer?

121116NA

Task1: Describe an older person you would like to talk with in you family. This person could be your uncle, aunt, grandfather or grandmother.

Task2: some people prefer to fix their broken furniture or electronic devices by themselves, others prefer to bring them to a repair shop. Which way do you

prefer?

121117NA

Task1: which service would you like to do in your community? To help children with their homework. To teach adults to use computer. To clean up the city park.

Task2: some people prefer to live in a noisy area which is close to supermarkets and public transportation others prefer to live in a quiet area which is far from supermarkets and public transportation.which do you prefer?

081026CN

Task1: What kind of movie do you like most?Explain why you like this kind of movie.

Task2: Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? Students should be required to wear school uniforms to school.

091018CN

Task2: Some people prefer to buy already-prepared food. Others prefer to buy fresh materials and prepare meals by themselves. Which way do you prefer?

101229CN

Task1: What suggestions you would like to give to a child who is startings school for the first time?

Task2: Some people prefer to live in places where climate doesn’ t change much all year long. Others prefer to live in places where climate changes with seasons. Which do you prefer?

080516NA

Task1: describe an experience that you worked well with others to complete a task. Explain why that experience is important to you.

Task2: do you agree or disagree with the following statement. Children

should be required to help with household tasks as long as they are old enough to do so.

They will never learn to be fully functional adults if they don't learn how to do work around the house. Getting into the habit of keeping things clean and picking up after yourself is not something they will automatically know how to do once they're on their own, it needs to be habit from the beginning, age-appropriate of course. I don't believe in using your children as maids but no kid of mine is leaving the house without knowing how to do their own laundry and run a lawnmower.

Our job as parents is to teach our children how to function in the real world, and you have to be able to handle work, home and social life in the real world. Social and life skills are just as important as academics.

i would like them to know how to look after themselves.

100306CN

Task1: describe an actor or a musician whom you think is a good performer. Explain why you enjoy his or her performance.

*The musician I admire most is Ludwig Van Beethoven.

*First of all, he is a productive musician that during his fifty-seven years life, more than one hundred music works came into being, including some world-class works like the Moonlight Song.

*In addition, though later in his life he suffered from poverty and lost the sense of hearing, he never yielded to disasters but stove for hope and spared no efforts in realizing his dream.

*Above all, from his works, we learn that our human being should do whatever we can do to make the world full of liberty, equality, and fraternity no matter how difficult it is.

Task2: Some people prefer to make plans for their leisure time, some others don’t prefer to do so. Which way do you prefer and why?

*I like to plan my each and every activity for my leisure time.

*Firstly, I think the plan helps me to manage all my activities without wasting time. For example, I like to spend my free time in outdoor activities such as, biking, boating, and many others, which are close to nature. These are my weekend activities, which I plan and make full use of my weekend.

*Secongdly, I think plan is the key to live organized and free of stresses from unexpected problems, when person don't plan of their leisure time they don't know what to do.

*Finally, I also enjoy the satisfaction that I have done something according to my plan. Plan motivaties me, and give me a sence of achievement when I get the goal I set for myself befor I do something.

091010NA

Task1: describe a special experience which has changed you positively? Explain how it changed you.

*I went to teach some primery school students in a remote village as a volunter last summer holiday. The teaching facilites in the classroom is limited, we even haven’t black board to write. But the desire for knowledge of the children influenced me and touched me. I can’t believe that I can be so patient to get along well with those children, and built strong relationships with them. After this special experience, I realized how lucky I am to have chance to study in the university and needn’t to worriy about the financial sopports.

I promised to value all the things that I have and try my best to help the children who really need help for their education.

Task2: some people prefer to learn from events in the past, others prefer to learn from current events which do you prefer?

*I prefer to learn from the people and events in the past。

*The world is changing too fast, and too many new things spring up everyday, I am not sure that I can grasp those up-to-date things.

*MoreoveR, whether those current people and events are valuable enough for us to do the research is still undecided. Our lifetime is too limited to let us to take a risk.

*The most important is that histories make men wise, if we can learn the experience and lessons from the people lived before us, we can certainly save us a lot of trouble and can get a shortcut to where we want to go.

托福口语真题

独立口语话题分类:活动工作职业技能人物交友经历教育科技环境交通其他 2014 年01 月12 日大陆 Task 1: Talk about a study habit of yours that’s different from others. Explain your answer in details. Task 2: Some people prefer to shop in big shopping malls, other prefer smaller shops. Which do you prefer? Explain why in details. 2014 年01 月17 日北美 Task 1: It is a good idea for university to ask a student to leave school if he was caught cheating in exams? Explain your response in details. Task 2: Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? University education is more important than it was in the past. 2014 年01 月18 日大陆 Task 1: Your friend is concerned about a presentation that he has to do in class. What suggestion would you like to give him? Task 2: Some teachers prefer students to send questions about course work or assignments by email. Other teachers prefer that students ask these questions in person. Which do you think is better? Explain why. 2014 年01 月25 日北美 Task 1: What can we do to reduce air pollution? Give examples and details in you answer.

-2018托福独立口语真题汇总

1: Do you think it is a good idea to let students keep pets in dorms Task 2: Do you agree that celebrities are good examples for young people 1: Which one of the following history courses should be added 1. history of science 2. art history 3. modern history of the 20th century Task 2: Some people prefer to make a plan with their friends about social activities, while others prefer to decide about what to do when they meet their friends. Which do you prefer 1: Which of the following volunteer jobs would you like to choose 1. clean up the park 2. plant trees 3. build a bicycle lane Task 2: Do you agree that universities are successful because of experienced professors 1: What hobby would you recommend to a friend who is busy with work Task 2: Which is more important to the success of an artist: natural talent or hard work 1: What are the disadvantages of moving to new places for work or education Task 2: Do you agree that schools should encourage students to be creative and imaginative in order for them to be successful 1: What is the biggest challenge for university students and why Task 2: Do you agree that it is more important to maintain the relationship with family members than with friends 1: Which one of the following should be done in order to improve the quality of life and study for the students 1. repairing the swimming pool 2. building a new cafeteria 3. improving laboratory equipment Task 2: Some people tend to judge a person on the basis of the first observation, while other people believe that it takes a long time to know a person well. Which do you think is better 1: If you are a member of a tutor group, which of the following places would you like to take the students to go on a field trip 1. a science museum 2. a local farm 3. a theater Task 2: Do you agree that students should be allowed to take additional courses to graduate as soon as possible 1: What do you think of the school you went to for the first time Was it a good school and why Task 2: Some students prefer to study alone, while others prefer to study with a group of students. Which do you prefer 1: Describe one of the most popular websites in your country.

托福口语喜好类话题必备词汇及常见题目.doc

托福口语喜好类话题必备词汇及常见题目 在托福考试中,有这样一类很口语话题会经常出现。而且,在日常的聊天中也会经常用到。它们就是——喜好类话题 ! Which of the following types of book you do not enjoy, science fiction, biography, or romantic book? Explain why you do not enjoy it. 话题简介: 小伙伴们开心地在家度过了寒假,也和家人一起过了春节和元宵节。那么,接下来,等待我的便是学校了。有些童鞋想快点儿回到学校和自己的小伙伴们玩耍,聊天。 有些童鞋觉得假期还没有享受够,还想和家人在一起,不想回学校。但是,有些事是我们不想做又必须做的。所以,我们还是应该积极面对这些事情。那么,开学在即,你准备好了吗 ? 必备词汇: register登记、报到 compulsory course 必修课 optional course 选修课 credit 学分 scholarship奖学金 school uniform校服 military training 军训 curriculum schedule 课程表 department 系

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TOEFL的网络考、机考、纸考三种考分的分段对照表 表1 TOEFL写作的网络考、机考、纸考三种考分的分段对照表

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