初中英语---定语从句练习题含答案及知识点-(1)
定语从句知识点：
定语从句的两个重要概念：先行词和关系词
1.先行词：被定语从句所修饰的对象称为先行词。
2.关系词：重复指代先行词、起连接主句和从句的作用（who, that, which）
3.先行词指“人”，用关系代词who或whom，who的前面不能与介词搭配使用，
whom在定语从句中不能作主语，但可作宾语或表语。
4.表示人或物的所有关系，用whose.
5.先行词指“物”，用关系代词which
6.that可以指“人”，也可以指“物”：
1）当先行词既有“人”，又有“物”时，用that
2）先行词为指“物”的all, little, few, much, none, the first时,用that
3）先行词是不定代词something, anything, nothing, everything时,一般用that
4）先行词被any, only, all, every, no, some, much, few, little,序数词，形容词的最高级the only, the one, the very, the right, the last等成分修饰时，用that。
一．找出下列句子中的错误，用/画出来，把正确的词写在后面的横线上
1.He is the man which I saw yesterday. _________
2.She is the girl that likes singing. _________
3.This is a picture when I took last year. ________
4.This is the factory where we visited last week. ____
5.This is the watch which Tom is looking for it. ____
6.Do you know the man which spoke at the meeting just now? _____
7.I’ll never forget the days when I spent in the countryside. _______
8.Is this the museum where you visited a few days ago? _____
9.Is he the man which wants to see you? _______
10.The first English book which I read was “Snow White”. ______
11.He talked about the teachers and school which he visited.
12.Alice received an invitation from her boss, it came as a surprise.
_____
13.The man which talk to you just now is an engineer. ______
14.This is the only place which they can stay at. ____
15.He is ready to help others that in trouble. ______
二．把下列词语组成一个通顺的句子
1．the, who, helped, teacher, he, me, is
_____________________________________________
2. yesterday, brother, boy, helped, my, is, the, who, you.
3. that’s, the topic, I’m, just, interested, that, very, in.
__________________________________________________________
4. missed, important, that, meeting, the, you, was, very, have.
__________________________________________________________
5. glass, that, yesterday, expensive, broke, the, I, was, very.
_________________________________________________________
三．画出下列句子的先行词成分
1.The old man who we visited yesterday is a famous artist.
2.The man who my father shook hands with just now is our headmaster.
3.I like the books which were written by Lu Xun.
4.The desks which we made last year were very good.
5.He said nothing that made her angry.
6.Is this the book which she is looking for?
7.The child who she is looking after is my sister.
8.All the students who study hard have passed.
9.Tom didn’t p ass the English exam, which made his parents angry.
10.The news that we heard is not true.
11.Is this the book that you bought yesterday?
四．请将下列每一组中的两个简单句合并为一个定语从句，用第二个句子作定语
1.The girl is happy. She won the race.
2.The student is from America. He sits next to me.
3.The boy was not badly hurt. The boy fell from a tree.
4.The taxi driver was friendly. He took me to the airport.
5.Johnny isn’t home yet. That worried me.
6.She told me her address. I wrote it down on a piece of paper.
7.The woman lives next door. She is a famous dancer.
一．答案：
1.which-that
2.that-who
3.when-which
4.where-which
5.it去掉
6.who
7.when-which
8.where-which
9.which-who
10.which-that(先行词为序数词，数词，形容词或最高级时用that)
11.which-that(先行词既有人又有物时用that)
12.it-which
13.which-who/that
14.which-that
15.that后面加are
二．答案：
1．He is the teacher who helped me.
2．The boy who helped you yesterday is my brother.
3．That’s just the topic that I’m very interested in.
4．The meeting that you have missed yesterday was very important. 5．
6．The glass that I broke yesterday was very expensive.
三．答案：
1. The old man
2. The man
3. the books
4. The desks
5. nothing
6. the book
7. The child
8. All the students
9. Tom didn’t pass the English exam
10. The news
11. the book
四．答案：
1. The girl who won the race is happy.
2. The students who sits next to me is from America.
3. The boy who fell from a tree was not badly hurt.
4. The taxi driver who took me to the airport was friendly.
5. Jonny isn’t home yet, which worried me.
6.
7.She told me her address, which I wrote down on a piece of paper. 8.
9.The woman who is a famous dancer lives next door.
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A、 that B、 where C、 which D、 the one 5、 The wolves hid themselves in the places __________ couldn’t be found、 A、 that B、 where C、 in which D、 in that 6、 The freezing point is the temperature __________ water changes into ice、 A、 at which B、 on that C、 in which D、 of what 7、 This book will show you __________ can be used in other contexts、、 A、 how you have observed B、 what you have observed C、 that you have observed D、 how that you have observed
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1.定语从句: 1) 定语从句的定义 在复合句中，修饰名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句。被定语从句所修饰的词叫先行词。引导定语从句的词叫关系词。关系词包括关系代 词who(宾格whom,所有格whose),that, which 和关系副词where, when, why 等。 The boy who is wearing a black coat bought a dictionary yesterday. The noodles that（which）my mother cooked were delicious. The school where I learned judo was very large. I remember the day when our band was formed. I don’t know the reason why she got so angry this morning. 2) 定语从句的种类：定语从句可以分为限定性定语从句和非限定性定语从句。 (1)限定性定语从句：它是先行词在意义上不可缺少的定语，如果去掉，主句的意思就不完整或失去意义。这种从句与主句的关系十分密切，书写时不可用逗号分开。如果关系代词在限定性定语从句中作宾语，关系代词通常可以省略。 Do you know the girl who just came in? Shanghai is a city（that）I’ve always wanted to visit. Her sister married a man (who/whom/that) she met on a plane. The time when I first met Mr. White was a very difficult period of my life. (2)非限定性定语从句：它只是对先行词作附加补充说明，如果去掉，主句的意思仍然清楚完整。这种从句与主句的关系不是很密切，书写 时往往用逗号分开。非限定性定语从句一般不用that 引导，而且不可以省略关系词。 The old woman, who lives on her own, has a cat for company. Lori is going to marry Mark, whom she does not love. Beijing, which is the capital city of China, is a very beautiful city. 3) 关系代词的用法：在定语从句中，关系代词起着连接主句与从句，指代先行词和在从句中作句子成分的三重作用。关系代词的选用取 决于主句中的先行词以及关系代词在从句中作何种成分。 一．关系代词who, whom 的用法 （1）who 可以代替人（即它的先行词必须是人），在从句中担任主语，往往也可以代替在从句中担任宾格的whom,但它的前面不能有介词，如果带介词则必须用宾格whom，即“介词+whom”. E.g. Jonny is a person who always has novel ideas. The girl who the first prize in the contest is from Zhejiang. The person who/whom you just talked to is Mr. Depp. ---The person to whom you just talked is Mr. Depp. (介词to提到定语从句前，只能用whom.) We’ll go to the hospital to see the patients, most of whom are children. (whom 前常用表示数量的词none/neither/both/each/all of…) (2)在定语从句中，who, that 指人时可以通用，但在下列情况下用who,而不用that. A) 先行词是one, ones, anyone 时，宜用who. One who has nothing to fear for oneself dares to tell the truth. The ones who flatter me don’t please me. Anyone who laughs last laughs best. Anyone who fails to finish the task given should be criticized. B) 先行词为those 时，宜用who. Those who want to go to the Great Wall sign up here. No words are strong enough to express our thanks to those who worked hard to rescue survivors in the earthquake. C) 当先行词有较长的后置定语时，宜用who. I met a girl in the street yesterday who grew up in Yunnan province. D) 一个句子中带有两个定语从句时，其中一个定语从句的关系代词时that，另一个宜用who. E.g. The boy that you met last night is the group leader who studies very hard. E) 在there be 开头的句子中，事宜用who. There is a young man who wants to see your father. There was a king who was kind to his people. There are many old men who are against this plan. 二．关系代词whose 的用法：关系代词whose 是关系代词who 的所有格形式，它既可以代人，也可以代物。当whose 代物时，相当于of which. Whose 引导的定语从句既可以是限定性定语从句，也可以是非限定性定语从句。 Do you know Peter whose father happens to be working in your company? The tourist wanted to book a room whose window faces south.