国际贸易原理复习题(开放本科含答案)

国际贸易原理复习题(开放本科含答案)
国际贸易原理复习题(开放本科含答案)

20102011学年度第二学期《国际贸易原理》期末复

一、名词解释

1、产业内贸易:是产业内国际贸易的简称,是指一

个国家或地区,在一段时间内,同一产业部门产品既进口又出口的现象。

2、贸易差额:是一国在一定时期内(如一年、半年、一季、一月)出口总值与进口总值之间的差额。当出口总值与进口总值相等时,称为“贸易平衡”。当出口总值大于进口总值时,出现贸易盈余,称“贸易顺差”或“出超”。当进口总值大于出口总值时,出现贸易赤字,称“贸易逆差”或“入超”。

3、对外贸易依存度:又称为对外贸易系数,是指一国的对外贸易值占该国国民生产总值的比重。反映一国对国际市场的依赖程度,是衡量一国对外开放程度的重要指标。

4、易货贸易:指一国和另一国用货物相互交换的一种贸易方式。

5、转移价格:又称调拨价格,指跨国公司根据其全球利润最大化的战略目标,在跨国公司系统内部、母公司与子公司、子公司与子公司之间销售商品时所采用的价格。

6、自由贸易政策:自由贸易政策是自由放任经济政策的一个重要组成部分。国家取消对进出口贸易和服务贸易的限制和障碍,取消对本国进出口贸易和服务贸易的各种特权和优待,使商品自由进出口,服务贸易自由经营,也就是说国家对贸易活动不加或少加干预,任凭商品、服务和有关要素在国内外市场公平、自由的竞争。

7、多边出口管制:是指几个国家政府为了共同的政治与经济目的,通过一定方式建立国际性的多边出口管制机构,商讨和编制多边出口管制货单和出口管制国别,规定出口管制办法等,以协调彼此的出口管制政策和措施。

8保护贸易政策:国家广泛利用各种措施对进口和经营领域与

范围进行限制,保护本国的产品和服务在本国市场上免受外国产品和服务的竞争,并对本国出口的产品和服务给予优待与补贴。国家对于贸易活动进行干预,限制外国商品、服务和有关要素参与本国市场竞争。

9、自由经济区:是一国为了发展经济,扩大对外贸

易,在国内适当地区专门划出一定范围,实行豁免海

关管制,减免税收等特殊优惠政策的地区。

10、最惠国待遇:又称“无歧视待遇”。是国际经济贸易关系中常用的一项制度,是国与国之间贸易条约和协定的法律待遇条款,在进出口贸易、税收、通航等方面互相给予优惠利益、提供必要的方便、享受某些特权等方面的一项制度。

11、国际服务贸易壁垒:是指一国政府对国外生产的

服务销售所设置的有阻碍作用的政策措施。该定义中

的国际服务贸易壁垒仅仅增加国外的服务生产者的负担,并且"壁垒"()指国际贸易政策中贸易保护主义措施体现的形式。12、服务贸易自由化就是各成员方通过多边贸易谈

判,降低和约束关税,取消其他贸易壁垒,消除国际贸易中的歧视待遇,扩大本国市场准入度。实现上述目标的途径是以市场经济为基础,进行贸易自由化。自由贸易政策允许货物和生产要素的自由流动,在国际价值规律作用下,可以刺激竞争,鼓励发展,提高经营管理水平,促进世界性的分工和贸易发展,扩大市场;同时使消

费者得到物美价廉的商品和服务服务贸易自由化。

二、单项选择题

1、对外贸易额是指一定时期内(B

)。

A、各国出口贸易额之和 B 、一国出口额与进口额之和

C、世界各国进出口贸易额之和

D、世界

各国进口贸易额之和

2、国际价值是由(C)决定的。

A、国别价值

B、中等劳动强度

C、国际社会必要劳动时间 D 、社会必要劳动时间

3、不等价交换是指不相等的( B )的交换。

A、国别价值

B、国际价值量

C、商品价格

D、商品价值

4、(B )的发展决定对外贸易的发展

A、生产关系 B 、国际分工

C、经济 D 、世界市场

5、二战以来,发达资本主义国家在国际贸易中所占比重(C )。

A、不断下降 B 、比重不大

C、不断上升 D 、没有变化

6、二战以来,国际贸易商品结构的最基本变化

是(A )o

A、工业制成品所占的比重明显地超过初级产品所占的比重

B、工业制成品所占的比重明显地低于初级产品所占的比重

C、工业制成品所占的比重和初级产品所占比重一样

D工业制成品所占的比重比初级产品所占的比重有一点增加

7、不同时期各国对外贸易政策不同,20世纪70 年代中期以后,国际贸易中出现了( B )。

A、自由贸易 B 、新贸易保护主

C、贸易自由化 D 、超保护贸易

8超保护贸易政策的理论基础是( C )。

A、李斯特的保护贸易理论 B 、李嘉

图的自由贸易理论

C、凯恩斯主义的保护贸易学说

D、亚当.

斯密的自由贸易理论

9、19世纪上半叶德国保护贸易的代表人物是

(B )。

A、汉密尔顿 B 、李斯特

C李嘉图 D 、凯恩斯

10、国民待遇原则是缔约国双方相互承担义务,保证一

方的(A )在另一方的领土上享有与本

国同等待遇。

A、公民、企业、产品、船舶 B 、公民、企业、产品

C、公民、产品、船舶

D 、企业、

产品、船舶

11、当前最重要的特惠税是( B )o

A、英联邦特惠制

B、《洛美协定》

C、普遍优惠制

D、协调制度

12、对于参加关税同盟的国家而言( A )

o

A、关境大于国境 B 、关境小于国境

C、关境等于国境 D 、关境与任何成员国的国境无关

13、一个国家(或地区)的对外商品交换活动,称为该国的(B )o

A、国际贸易 B 、对外贸易

C、货物进出口 D 、国际服务贸易

14、按生产要素禀赋进行国际分工的理论是

(C )提出的。

A、亚当?斯密 B 、大卫?李嘉图

C、赫克歇尔和俄林 D 、罗伯特逊

15、比较成本论是由( B )提出的。

A亚当?斯密 B 、大卫?李嘉

C、俄林 D 、李斯特

16、影响国际分工形成和发展的决定性因素是

(B )。

A、自然条件 B 、社会生产力

C、国际生产关系 D 、政府的政策

17、反倾销税是对于实行商品倾销的进口货物征

A、惩罚关税 B 、进口附加

C、反补贴税 D 、保护关税

18、下列各项中属于直接的非关税壁垒的措施是(D)。

A、歧视性的政府米购政策

B、进口押金

C、最低限价和禁止进口 D “自动”

出口限制

19

20世纪70年代美国为抵制欧洲国家和日本

等低价钢材和钢制品出口,米取的非关税壁垒措施是(C)。

A、国家垄断

B、征收国内税

C、最低限价

D、禁止进口

20、某国对某种商品规定,全年进口额在200万美元以

内者征税10%超过200万美元以上的部分,除原征关税外,再加征关税60%这种措施

税的一种(B )

称为(B )。

A、混合税 B 、进口附加税

C、关税配额 D 、罚款

21、进口商品加工后大多是在区内使用,只有少数是用于再出口的经济特区是( D )。

A、自由贸易区 B 、保税区

C、出口加工区 D 、自由边境区

22、在贸易区内,各成员国取消它们相互之间的关税和数量限制,但仍各自保持对区外国家的贸易壁垒,这种经济一体化形式属于(D )。

A、关税同盟 B 、共同市场

C、经济同盟 D 、自由贸易区

23、国际直接投资的主要提供者和接受者始终是

(C )。

A、最不发达国家 B 、发展中国家

C、发达资本主义国家

D、社会主义国家

24、欧洲经济共同体的最高决策机构是

(C )。

A、欧洲理事会 B 、欧洲议会

C、部长理事会 D 、执行委员会

25、表明亚太经济合作组织由务虚转向务实,开创了其组织发展新阶段的会议是(D )。

A、汉城会议 B 、曼谷会议

C、西雅图会议 D 、茂物会议

26、普惠制是指发达国家承诺对从发展中国家(或地区)输入的商品给予关税优惠的待遇,其主要特点是(B )。

A、普遍的、非歧视的、互惠的 B 、普

遍的、非歧视的、非互惠的

C、非普遍的、非歧视的、互惠的 D 、非

普遍的、非歧视的、非互惠的

三、多项选择题

1、对外贸易的作用有(

A、互通有无,调剂余缺节约社会劳动,增加生产总量

C、可以阻止利润率的下降、是发展对外关系的纽带和手段

2、世界“封闭市场”价格包含(

B、经济周期

C、各国政府所采取的政策措施

D其他,如自然灾害、战争、政治动乱、投机等

5、海关税则一般包括()两个部分。

A、关税税率表B 、进出口商品政策

A垄断价格、国家垄断价格或管理价格

C、转移价格、国际商品协定下的协定价格

3、影响国际分工形成和发展的因素(

A、社会生产力

C、各种社会经济条件

4、影响世界市场供应关系的主要因素(

A、垄断和竞争、自然条件

、国家的政

C、海关征收关税的规章、条例及说明D

一国对外贸易总政策

6、鼓励出口的措施主要有()。

A、出口信贷

B、出口信贷

国家担保制

C、出口补贴

D、商品倾销

7、以下非关税壁垒措施中()属于直接非关

税壁垒措施。

A、进口配额制

B、外汇管制

C、进口押金制

D、“自动”出

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