学校词汇
学校词汇
【学校】
nursery 托儿所
kindergarten 幼儿园
preschool 学前班
bilingual school 双语学校
primary school 小学
middle school 中学
high school 高中
college/university 大学
注解：在美国，college和university基本上是一样的，最常见的差异就是：college一般注重于本科教育，而university包括研究生教育和科研部分。在日常会话中，college常泛指高中毕业以后的教育。college还可指大学中的各个学院，大学中只负责研究不进行授课的机构称为Institute（研究所）。vocational school 职业学校
boarding school 寄宿学校
spring semester 春季学期
fall semester 秋季学期
class 班级/届
department 系
credit 学分
extracurricular activities 课外活动
homeschooling 在家教育
tuition 学费
community college 社区大学
catalog 大学手册（由学校编写的、向在校生或有意申请的学生介绍课程设置和学生服务的手册）
【人员】
pupil 小学生
middle school student 中学生
freshman 大一新生
sophomore 大二学生
junior 大三学生
senior 大四学生
undergraduate 本科生
postgraduate 研究生
PhD student 博士生
exchange student 交换学生
faculty 全体教员
teaching assistant 助教
lecturer 讲师
assistant professor 助理教授
associate professor 副教授
注解： 2002年出版的《牛津高阶英汉英汉双解词典（第四版增补本）中对于assistant professor的解释为：（US）college or university teacher one rank below an ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR，也就是说，在美国大学里，助理教授是比副教授低一级的教学职位，而且不是终身教职。
professor 教授
counselor 辅导员
form teacher 班主任
supervisor 导师
postgraduate supervisor 硕导
PhD supervisor 博导
【学习】
compulsory course 必修课
optional course 选修课
major 专业
minor 辅修专业
curriculum schedule 课程表
distance education/learning 远程教育
lesson plan 教学计划
educational objective 教学目标
outdoor education 户外教学
physical education（PE）体育课
rote learning 死记硬背
spoon-feeding / chalk and talk / duck-stuffing 填鸭式教学
online learning 在线学习
business managerial economics 商业管理经济学
journalism 新闻学
advertising 广告学
publishing 出版学
digital communication and media 数字通讯与媒体computer and information science 计算机与信息科学data processing 数据处理
literature 文学
history 历史
law 法律
engineering 工程学
biotechnology 生物技术
visual and performing arts 视觉与表演艺术psychology 心理学
genetics 遗传学
astronomy and astrophysics 天文学与天体物理学
【设施】
classroom 教室
blackboard 黑板
chalk 粉笔
projector 投影仪
whiteboard 白板
laboratory 实验室
playground 操场
library 图书馆
swimming pool 游泳池
basketball court 篮球场
football/soccer field 足球场
tennis court 网球场
canteen 餐厅
dormitory 宿舍
recreation center 娱乐中心
audio & visual lab 视听实验室
stadium 体育馆
chemistry lab 化学实验室
biology lab 生物实验室
physics lab 物理实验室
【新生军训常用口令】
起床！ Get up!
上操！ Attention drill!
集合！ Fall in!
立正！ Attention!
稍息！ At ease!
以右（左）翼为基准 Guide right (left)!
向右看－齐！ Right-dress!
向前－看！ Eyes-front!
向前三步走！ Three steps forward march!
报数！ Count off!
点名！ Call the roll!
靠拢！ Close!
散开！ Extend!
慢步走！ At ease step!
快步走！ Quick march!
立定！ Halt!
解散！ Dismiss!
【新生入学常用口语】
1. This is a beautiful campus, isn't it? 这个校园挺美的，是吧？
2. Where is the campus cafeteria? 学校食堂在哪里？
3. Do you know where the library is? 你知道图书馆在哪儿吗？
4. Is there a drug store nearby? 附近有药店吗？
5. May I have your name? 请问你叫什么名字？
6. Where are you from? 你从哪儿来的？
7. I'm a freshman. 我是大一的学生。
8. Do you live on or off campus? 你住在校内还是校外？
9. Who are you living with? 你和谁一个屋啊？
10. Excuse me, do you know where I can register? 对不起，能告诉我在哪儿注册吗？
11. Have you finished registering? 你注册完了吗？
12. Why don't you apply for a student loan? 你为什么不申请学生贷款呢？
13. How many hours are you taking this semester? 这学期你选了多少学时的课？
14. We share the same dorm. 我们住一个宿舍。
15. I heard that your department is one of the best in our country. 我听说你们系
是全国最好的。
16. We should set up a WeChat group. 我们应该建个微信群。
17. You've been a top scorer in your class, there is nothing to worry about. 你一
直在班里名列前茅，没什么可担心的。
学校生活的常用词汇
学校生活的常用词汇据360教育集团介绍:学校种类常用词汇： kindergarten 幼儿园 nursery school 托儿所 elementary school 小学（美） private school 私立学校 key school 重点中学 junior high school 初中 attached middle school 附中 technical school 技校 dancing school 舞蹈学校 palestra 体育学校 college 学院，大专 conservatory of music 音乐学院 university 大学 open university 夜大、函大 school of Arts and Sciences 文理学院 Alma Mater 母校 学生种类常用词汇： student/student body 学生 student 大学生 schoolgirl 女生 sophomore 大学二年级学生/高中一年级学生
senior 大学四年级学生/高中三年级学生auditor 旁听生（美） commoner 自费生 boarder 住宿生/寄宿生 prize fellow 奖学金生 classmate 同班同学 alumnus 校友（男） graduate 毕业生 abroad student 留学生 returned student 回国留学生 教育程度常用词汇： educational background 教育程度secondary education 中等教育 adult education 成人教育undergraduate 本科 Expert 专家 post doctorate 博士后 doctorate 博士学位 bachelor 学士 学生学习用品常用词汇： 点击查看详细内容 学习科目常用词汇： course/curriculum 课程
词汇学试题(1)
哈尔滨商业大学2009-2010学年第二学期《词汇学》期末考试试卷 装 题 订 线 内 不 答 要 一、单项选择题（本大题共40小题，每小题1分，共40 I. Each of the statements below is followed by four alternative answers. Choose the one that would best complete the statement. 1. Argot generally refers to the jargon of _______. Its use is confined to the sub-cultural groups and outsiders can hardly understand it. A. workers B. criminals C. any person D. policeman 2.________ are words used only by speakers of the dialect in question. A. Argot B. Slang C. Jargon D. Dialectal words 3. Archaisms are words or forms that were once in _________use but are now restricted only to specialized or limited use. A. common B. little C. slight D. great 4. Neologisms are newly-created words or expressions, or words that have taken on ______meanings. A. new B. old C. bad D. good 5. Content words denote clear notions and thus are known as_________ words. They include nouns, verbs, adjectives, adverbs and numerals. A. functional B. notional C. empty D. formal 6. In the Indo-Iranian we have Persian , Bengali, Hindi, Romany, the last three of which are derived from the dead language,_______. A. Sanskrit B. Latin C. Roman D. Greek 7. Greek is the modern language derived from _______. A. Latin B. Hellenic C. Indian D . Germanic 8. The five Romance languages , namely, Portuguese, Spanish, French, Italian, Romanian all belong to the Italic through an intermediate language called _______. A. Sanskrit B. Latin C. Celtic D. Anglo-Saxon 9. The ________family consists of the four Northern European Languages: Norwegian, Icelandic, Danish and Swedish, which are generally known as Scandinavian languages. A. Germanic B. Indo-European C. Albanian D. Hellenic 10. By the end of the _______century , virtually all of the people who held political or social power and many of those in powerful Church positions were of Norman French origin. A. 10th B.11th C.12th D. 13th 11. The prefixes in the words of ir resistible, non classical and a political are called _______. A. reversative prefixes B. negative prefixes C. pejorative prefixes D. locative prefixes 12. The prefixes contained in the following words are called ______: pseudo-friend, mal practice, mis trust. A. reversative prefixed B. negative prefixes C. pejorative prefixes D. locative prefixes 13. The prefixed contained in un wrap, de-compose and dis allow are _________. A. reversative prefixed B. negative prefixes C. pejorative prefixes D. locative prefixes 14. The prefixes in words extra-strong, overweight and arch bishop are _____ . A . negative prefixes B. prefixes of degree or size C. pejorative prefixes D. locative prefixes
英语词汇学考试重点整理
Explain the following terms 一1) free morpheme/ A free morpheme is one that can be uttered发出，表达alone with meaning. It can exist on its own without a bound morpheme. In the traditional sense, a free morpheme is a word. 例如hand ,eat, get 2) bound form/never used as sentences. – ess in countess, lioness and duchess –ish in boyish, childish and greenish –s in hats, books and cups 3) function words/ function words are often short words, they do not have much lexical meaning and some of them have no lexical meaning of their own; They are often short words such as determiners限定词, conjunctions连词, prepositions介词, auxiliaries辅助物, and so forth. 如to, the , of , by 4) content words实词/ They are used to name objects, qualities, actions, processes or states, and have independent lexical meaning. They are the nouns, main verbs, adjectives形容词and adverbs副词of a language. 二1) syntheti c综合的language / inflectional grammatical markers, French, German and Russian. 2) analytic language/word order, prepositions or auxiliary verbs , English and Chinese 3) Indo-European family of languages/ Europe and parts of Southern Asia Eight groups 三1) morphemes /The morpheme is the smallest meaningful linguistic unit of language, not divisible可分的or analyzable into smaller forms. 2) allomorphs/variants变体of the same morphem如im-, ir-, il- : allomorphs of the morpheme in- 3) root / is the basic unchangeable part of a word, and it conveys the main lexical meaning of the word. work able, work er, work ed, and work ing 4) stem /A stem is of concern only when dealing with inflectional morphology. Inflectional (but not derivational) affixes are added to it. It is the part of word-form which remains when all inflectional affixes have been removed. 如undesirables, undesirable; desired, desire 5) base / A base is any form to which affixes of any kind can be added. Desirable, desire - base and root, not stem; undesirable, desirable-base, not root and stem 6) inflectional affixes/A inflectional affix serves to express such meanings as plurality复数, tense, and the comparative比较的or superlative 最高的degree. 如-s, -ed, -er, -est 7) derivational affixes / When they are added to another morpheme, they derive a new word. re+write, mini+car, super+market, modern+ize, work+er 8) compounding 复合法/Compounding is a word-formation process consisting of combining two or more bases to form a compound word 9) derivation 派生法/Derivation or affixation is generally defined as a word-formation process by which new words are created by adding a prefix or a suffix or both to the base 10) conversion 转化法/Conversion is a word-formation process in which a word of a certain word-class is shifted into a word of another word-class without the addition of an affix. 11) initialism/It is a type of shortening, using the first letters of words to form a proper name, a technical term, or a phrase. 12) acronym首字母缩略词/Acronyms are words formed from the initial letters of the name of an organization or a scientific term, etc. Acronyms differ from initialisms in that they are pronounced as words rather than as sequences of letters. 13) blending拼缀/Blending is a process of word-formation in which a new word is formed by
词汇学论文
目录 1. 图式与图式理论.........................................................................................................................错误！未定义书签。 1.1 图式 (1) 1.2 图式理论的定义.................................................................................................................. 错误！未定义书签。 1.3 图式理论的起源与发展...................................................................................................... 错误！未定义书签。 2. 词汇 (2) 2.1 词汇的定义 (2) 2.2 词汇在英语教学中的重要性 (2) 3. 图式理论下的课堂词汇教学方法 (2) 3.1 当前初中英语课堂词汇教学现状 (3) 3.2 运用直观导入 (3) 3.3 设计brainstorming活动 (3) 3.4 创设真实情境 (4) 4. 结论 (4) 5. 参考文献 (4)
图式理论下的初中英语课堂词汇教学 摘要 词汇是英语这门语言的三要素（语音、词汇、语法）之一。美国著名教育家威尔金斯（Wilkins)在《语言学与语言教学》中提出: without grammar very little can be conveyed, without vocabulary nothing can be conveyed. ”词汇对语言学习的重要性是显而易见的。语言离不开词汇，交流更离不开词汇。然而，现在的初中英语课堂词汇教学存在一些不容忽视的问题，例如：词汇教学太过于枯燥呆板，学生没有兴趣学习。本文就现在中学课堂词汇教学问题出发，利用图式理论，创造积极活跃的课堂气氛，使学生更容易，更牢固的掌握习得词汇。 关键词：词汇教学图式理论初中英语 Abstract V ocabulary is the one of three factors ( phonetics、vocabulary、grammar) of English. The famous American educationist Wilkins once have put forward in Linguistic and Language Teaching :“ without grammar very little can be conveyed, without vocabulary nothing can be conveyed. ” W e can know the importance of vocabulary in language learning from this. Language learning can not separate with vocabulary, communication also can not. While there are some serious problem exist in the vocabulary teaching of medium school, such as: the vocabulary teaching is so bald, and there is not kinds of way to learn word, so students are not interested in learning vocabulary. This text is based on the problem, which exist in vocabulary teaching in medium school, using the Schema Theory to make a positive class and make students to learn vocabulary easier and more vicelike. Key words : vocabulary teaching Schema Theory junior English
高一英语学校生活话题写作常用词汇和短语
高一英语学校生活话题写作常用词汇和短语 英语写作是高考必考内容，英语写作要经常练习才能在考试时下笔如神。今天，小编为大家整理了高一英语学校生活话题写作常用词汇和短语，供大家学习！ 学校生活 一、常用词汇、短语练习。 Be crazy about着迷的，疯狂的 Masses of 大量的 Endless 无穷尽的 A variety of = Various各种各样的 Out-of class课外的 After-class课后的 Outdoor 户外的 Participate (in…)参加 Take part in / join in参加 Come / rank first获得第一名 Make progress取得进步 Mid-term exam期中考试 End-of-term exam / final exam期末考试 Fail in the test考试不及格 Extra额外的 Be expert / skilled in擅长 Be weak / poor in在某方面薄弱
Be tired of 厌烦 A knowledge of….方面的知识Broarden one’s horizons拓宽视野Major in主修 Weekly meeting每周例会 In high / low spirits情绪高昂/低落 In good / bad mood心情好/坏 In no mood for / to do sth.没心情做…. Gain获得 Acquire获取 Employ利用 Determined有决心的 Determination决心 Preserve坚持，不屈不挠Perseverance坚忍不拔Entertainment娱乐消遣 Outing远足 Campsite野营地 Accompany陪伴 Keep sb. Accompany陪伴某人Entrance exam入学考试 Lay a good foundation for为…打下基础A piece of cake小菜一碟，很容易 Get fully developed得到全面的发展
大学英语词汇学期末考试 重点复习资料整理 权威版 后附试题
2012词汇学复习资料 The development of the English Vocabulary 1.Indo-European Language Family The Indo-European Language Family is considered as one of the most important language families. It includes most languages of Europe, the Near East, and India. Those languages, which are believed to have originated from this language family and developed alone different lines, show various degrees of similarity to one another. They fall into eight principal groups, which can be grouped into an Eastern Set东部诸语族: Balto-Slavic波罗的-斯拉夫语, Indo-Iranian印度伊朗语族, Armenian 亚美尼亚语族and Albanian阿尔巴尼亚语族; a Western Set: 西部诸语族Celtic凯尔特语族, Italic 意大利语族, Hellenic希腊语族, Germanic日尔曼语族. All the languages in both sets shed some influence on English to a greater or lesser extent because each has lent words into the English vocabulary. Prussian普鲁士语 Lithuanian立陶宛语 Polish波兰语 Balto-Slavic波罗的-斯拉夫语Czech捷克斯洛伐克语 Bulgarian保加利亚语 Slovenian斯洛文尼亚语 Russian Albanian阿尔巴尼亚 Persian波斯语 Hindi北印度语 Indo-Iranian印度伊朗语系Bengali孟加拉语 Romany，吉卜赛语 Armenian亚美尼亚语 Portuguese Spanish Italic意大利语族Italian Roumanian罗马尼亚语 French Indo-European Language Family Irish Celtic凯尔特语Breton Scottish Norwegian挪威语 Icelandic，冰岛语 Danish丹麦语 Germanic Swedish瑞典语 日尔曼语言English Dutch Flemish German Hellenic，古希腊语- Greek
(完整word版)英语词汇学复习大纲整理
1 B a s i c C o n c e p t s 基本概念 1.1 the definition of a word （ alone in a sentence. A word is a minimal free form of a language that has a given sound and meaning and syntactic function.） 1.2 sound and meaning ：symbolic connection is almost always arbitrary and conventional . A dog is called a dog not because the sound and the three letters that make up the word just automatically suggest the animal in question. 1.3 sound and form ： 1.4 vocabulary 1.5 classification of words 词汇分类 basic word stock 基本词汇 nonbasic vocabulary 非基本词汇 by use frequency 按使用频率分： basic word stock and nonbasic vocabulary 基本词汇和非基本词汇 by notion 按概念分： content words and functional words 实义词和功能词 by origin 按起源分： native words and borrowed words 本地词和外来词 all national character 全民性 stability 稳定性 productivity 多产性 polysemy 一词多义 collocability 搭配性 terminology 术语 jargon 行话 slang 俚语 argon 黑话 dialectal words 方言词 archaism 古语词 neologism 新词 neutral in style 文体上中性 frequent in use 使用频繁 native words 本地词 borrowed words 外来词 denizens 同化词 aliens 异形词 translation-loans 译借词 1. No enough letters: alphabet from Latin 2. Pronunciation changed more rapidly 3. Early scribes: change spelling for easier recognition 4. Borrowing: different rules of pronunciation and spelling obvious characteristics 明显的特点 (Functional words do not have notions of their own and their main function is to express the relation between notions, words, etc.)
2012 英语词汇学论文 英文版
成绩 Root and Affixation of Lexicology Abstract: It’s important and permanent to master the vocabulary in the English learning. Everyone who has ever set foot on English realizes that it’s somewhat incredible for us to reciting numerous and difficult words. Nevertheless, there are some skills we should acquire to make word-recitation easier and more effective. This paper mainly discusses the using of vocabulary root and affix. Only by having a good knowledge of the roots and affixes, can we prosper our English vocabulary and further our English study. Key words: root; affixation; detailed analysis; difficult words 1Introduction: Blindly reciting numerous and difficult words is a total waste of time and energy. Especially, situation becomes worse for the college students with little words storage and non-interest. However, most of the English words are comprised with roots and affixes, which are limited, stable and short. If we acquire them, it will be much simpler and rapider for us to recognize the unfamiliar and difficult words through the analysis on roots and affixes. If we can master and know how to use them properly, it will be a big step for the further study of this foreign language. A road of a thousand miles begins with each single step, so does the English words. Now we are going to learn the root and affixation respectively. Definition is the basic form of a word which cannot be further analyzed without total loss of identity and it carries the main component of meaning in a word. By learning the roots, we will find it not complicated for us to understand the long and difficult words which we often encounter in the tough reading test. However long and tough the word is, we can divide it into several parts, the fundamental part is the root and then we can understand what it means and fluently blurt it out without repeating it. Here are some detail analyses of the examples: Internationalist: nation is the root which means country or state, inter- is prefix meaning between or interactive, -al is the suffix and the –ist is the suffix meaning the person. So you will quite simply find its meaning. Invigorate: the root is vigor similar to power and energy, in- means making sth have the function of verb, here is make sth vigor, -ate is the verb suffix. So invigorate is to make sth vigorous. Antecedent: -ced- is the root referring to motion or going forward, ante- is before, and –ent means somebody. So antecedent is somebody who moves ahead of us, the same as forefather or ancestor. Protract: -tract is the root like pulling sth or extending sth make it wider or longer, pro- is the prefix meaning “ahead”. After analyzing this word, we know that “protract” is similar to prolong meaning make sth longer or longer to live. A lot of words contain this root, such as detract, extract, subtract, attract, tractable, intractable, etc. Arbitrariness: arbitrary is the root indicating to randomness or out of order, -ness is the noun suffix. The profound meaning of learning roots is that you will find it much easy to memorize words because there are so many word share the same root. No matter how long and hoe difficult the word is, the basic meaning of the word is stable and unchangeable. If we recite words according the
高中英语话题写作必备词汇分类总结
高三英语话题写作必备词汇 一、人品人物 【必备词句】 年龄 （1）a five-year-old boy一个五岁的男孩 （2）a boy aged five 一个五岁的男孩 （3）in my teens /twenties在我十/二十多岁时 （4）at the age of five在五岁时 （5）As a child, I liked to... 我小时候喜欢…… 出生 （1）was born in ... 出生在…… （2）be/come from a wealthy family出生于富裕人家 （3）was born into a peasant family出生于一个农民家庭 外表 （1）a 1.80-meter-tall boy 一个高1.8米的男孩 （2）overweight胖的；thin瘦的；slim苗条的；strong强壮的 （3）look young for one’s age 显得比实际年龄年轻 （4）good-looking 长得好看； plain-looking 长得一般 （5）well dressed 穿得漂亮； neatly dressed 衣着干净整洁 能力 （1）efficient办事高效率的 （2）intelligent有智力的；creative 富创造力的 （3）a boy with great ability 能干的男孩 （4）a qualified teacher 一名合格的教师 （5）speak fluent English 讲流利的英语 （6）have a gift for = have a talent for 有……的天赋 （7）be skilled in 在……方面熟练 （8）be experienced in 在……方面有经验 健康 （1）be in good health/shape/condition 身体健康 （2）energetic精力充沛的；well-built身材健美的
《英语词汇学》期末考试试卷附答案
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词汇学论文
Compounding in English Neologisms 学院：Xxx 专业：英语 学号：2013102030121 姓名：Xxx 【Abstract】Language is the carrier of society, reflecting the specific period of the social culture, language is always in constant development and change. With the development of science and technology, political and economic and social, has appeared in English so many new words reflect the specific period, enriched the English a global language. This article lists some new words, the paper analyzes the background of the new words and word formation in the reflection of new words 【Key Words】neologism; Sources; word-formation; Introduction Language is a tool for human communication ideas. Generally speaking, the thinking of people depends on language, and language expression. Word is meaningful in language, the smallest of units used to be independent. Reflect the objective things in the brain, feeling, perception, representation, then the brain to generalize and abstract, feeling, perception, and representation form concept. People use language form the concept of "fixed", to become a symbol for the people to communicate, this is the word has a certain meaning. British linguist partridge (Eric Partridge) said, "Words have no fancy; people have a fancy for th em”. Times are changing, in the development of science and technology, thinking in progress, as the reality of language nature also want to keep up with the pace of social evolution, adapt to the needs of social evolution, is the most sensitive part of the language vocabulary. English is the world common language, English vocabulary like any modern language vocabulary, continues to grow unceasingly. Shakespeare?s time recorded about one hundred and forty thousand words of English vocabulary, now even the English vocabulary with five hundred thousand words computing, there are more than two-thirds of words are created in nearly three hundred years. People experiencing new things, new experiences, develop new ideas, always have the words to describe them. Since the 20th century, especially for nearly 50 years, appeared in English new words, new meanings of many old words, English vocabulary is in the continuous