研究生入学英语复习提纲

研究生入学英语复习提纲

I. Phrase and Expressions

Unit 1

1)all over again（重新）7)in terms of（从…角度，就…来说）

2) get away from（摆脱，离开）8) over and over again（一再，再三）

3)building block（积木；成分）9)bit by bit（逐渐地，一点一点地）

4) put together（组合，装配）10)build up （加强；扩大）

5)depend on（依赖于，取决于）11)get into（投入；对…感兴趣）

6)break down into（把…分解成）12)a good deal（成都、数量等）相当大地Unit 2

1)back and forth（来来往往低；前后；来回地）

2)hold on to（抓住，不放手；不放弃）

3)be supposed to（被期望或要求；应该）

4)I bet（我敢打赌；我确信）

5)head for（朝某方向前进）

6)turn out（证明为；结果是）

7)share company（在一起；陪伴，伴随）8)take over（接管）

9)bad language（粗野的话语）

10)care about（对…感到关切、操心或忧虑）

11)come up with（提出来；发现）

12)pick up speed（加速）

13)point out（指出；使注意）

Unit 4

1)figure out（得出结论）

2)no matter what（无论什么）

3)at least（无论如何；不管怎么说；至少）

4)add to（增加；改善）5)bring out（使显出，使突出）

6)light up（容光焕发）

7)a touch of（少许的；微量的）

8)pull…through（使渡过难关）

Unit 7

1)get tired of（对…感到厌倦、厌烦）

2)once or twice（数次，几次）

3)to one’s feet（站起来）

4)here and there（到处，各处）

5)for fear of/that（由于担心…；因为怕…）6)manage to（do sth.）（完成某事；设法办到）

7)doze off（打瞌睡，迷迷糊糊睡着）

8)hand in hand（手拉手）

9)come upon（偶然发现；遇见）

10)belong to（属于；是…的财产）

Unit 10

1)far from（远非；完全不）

2)be given to（喜欢；癖好）

3)be fired with（对…充满激情）

4)nothing but（只有，不过，简直）

5)waver between（犹豫不决）6)care for（喜欢；想要；爱好）

7)turn down（拒绝）

8)mix up（完全弄乱）

9)feel like（意欲；想要）

10)better off（更成功；更幸福；更富有）

II. Fill in the blanks.

Unit 1

1) To lose weight, Katie substituted some low-fat foods for high-fat foods in her diet, for example, having fat-free milk instead of regular milk.

2) Our science teacher drew a(n) analogy between the way water moves and the way light travels in waves.

3) In a dictionary, the word“noun”is often represented by the letter“n”.

4) It is interesting that different styles of dress can be associated with different types of music.

5) AIDS（艾滋病）is the biggest health challenge we have had to face this century.

6) Coal can easily be converted to gas.

7) Although people often say this is beautiful or that is beautiful, it is not easy to define（给…下定义）the concept of beauty.

8) The famous TV producer（制片人）successfully reduced the history of space travel to a 2-hour show.

9) I have a(n) image in my mind of how I want my room to be.

10) Jack carried bundles of old clothes and magazines to the garage sale.

11) These are all beautiful photos. It’s really hard for me to choose the best one.

12) When asked where his mother was, the little boy pointed to the kitchen.

13) John didn’t marry Mary in the end. He married Julie instead .

14) The best thing about traveling is that you can meet different people and learn about various customs （风俗习惯）.

Unit 2

1) Ever since my brother took that job offer, he has been traveling back and forth, and we rarely talk these days.

2) The rain was so heavy and the road so muddy（泥泞）that it took us all day to reach our destination .

3) Computer terminals are seen everywhere in offices now.

4) Students should pay attention to the distinction between formal（正式的）and informal words when they are learning a foreign language.

5) Since the final exam is drawing near, you are not supposed to play football after school.

6) Let’s make a(n) bet on who will be the first one to finish reading the book.

7) He offered to take me for a ride in his car but I refused, because he is such a(n) rotten driver.

8) We don’t see any racial prejudice（偏见）here: people of all skin colors seem to get on well with each other.

9) As the train came near, people waiting on the platform（站台）picked up their bags and got ready to board .

10) Even if you can’t afford to stay in a 5-star hotel, you can still find clean and inexpensive accommodation（住处）in the center of town.

11) What a delight to walk along the river on a sunny afternoon!

12) Because of traffic problems above ground, many people in Shanghai ride the subway（地铁）to work.

13) He pretended to read a newspaper, but in fact he was observing the young girl who had just entered the teahouse.

14) The ever increasing housing price forces young couples to buy apartments away from the city center.

15) We welcome your valuable suggestions for improving our service.

16) Is that the best excuse you can come up with ?

17) That guy we met last night turned out to be Tina’s cousin.

18) I think I will hold on to the records, but you can have the tapes.

19) Will you take over the driving when we reach Los Angeles?

20) The passengers cheered when the yacht（游艇）picked up speed.

21) I’m hungry. It’s time for us to head for the restaurant.

Unit 4

1) Dick wrote a letter of apology to his girlfriend and begged her to forgive his rudeness.

2) The patient has responded to the drug and is recovering quickly.

3) The two countries have enjoyed a friendly relationship with each other for a long time.

4) His present job does not suit his abilities. He may do better at marketing.

5) Fighting with fists is not a good way to settle a(n) argument.

6) Under police questioning, he finally spilled out the truth of what had happened that night.

7) The beautiful sunny morning put me in a happy mood.

8) The government called on people to hold on to the tradition of respecting the old.

9) The appearance of the superstar drew tremendous applause.

10) The young parents scolded their child because he spoke rudely to the guest.

11) When people heard that he was raising his younger sister single-handedly, they were so touched that they gave money freely to help him.

12) I want very much to thank you for what you’ve done for me, but words fail me.

13) The team was required to figure out a solution（解决方案）to the problem by the end of this month.

14) Margaret had difficulty with her mathematics, but her teacher managed to pull her through.

15) During the interview, every candidate（应试者）tried to bring out the best in themselves.

16) The diamond necklace that she wore at the party added to her glamour（魅力）.

17) A sense of hope rose in him and his face began to light up .

18) True, you have failed this time, but at least you can draw some lessons from this experience.

19) There was a touch of humor in his tone when he told the story.

Unit 7

1) The 20th century is remarkable for its inventions（发明）.

2) I think I’ll just pop into this pub for a quick drink.

3) Crops may suffer if temperatures dip below freezing.

4) I took off my coat and hung it on the peg.

5) Mrs. Eber wouldn’t let her cat outside for fear that it would be hit by a car.

6) The patient managed to rise to his feet, but then he had to stick close to the tables for support on his way to the door.

7) Bats are the only mammals（哺乳动物）to have wings and to manage long flight.

8) The maid has to make sure the refrigerator is full of food, the cupboard full of clean linen（家庭日用纺织品）and the beds changed regularly.

9) Mom asked Karen to go to a nearby supermarket to buy a(n) jar of coffee and some orange juice.

10) Jack worked here and there but never for long in one town.

11) These gloves（手套）fit so well it’s as if they were tailor-made to my hands.

12) Hang your coat on that peg and sit by the fire to warm yourself.

Unit 10

1) I did not see the other car at the time because it was outside my field of vision.

2) Do you think a beautiful face is a(n) advantage or not for a woman?

3) Fever is a(n) symptom of many illnesses.

4) The basketball player had barely sat down before the reporters started firing question at him.

5) Their old house had been large and spacious（宽敞的）; by contrast the new flat seemed small and

dark.

6) Every type of plant, with no exception, contains some kind of salt.

7) Parents should pay more attention to their children during their formative years.

8) Joey came close to despair/despairing after six months of unemployment.

9) I’m tired of being treated like a slave. I’ll quit immediately.

10) Many of these problems had their origin in the upper levels of administration.

11) Jonathan’s great grandfather left Ireland for the United States, which was believed to be a land of promise.

12) It’s interesting that some famous modern Chinese writers used to be students of medicine.

13) Maggie is no ordinary woman. She has supported over a hundred children through school by working two jobs at the same time.

14) They are/were/have been hired to herd（放牧）Mr. Simpson’s sheep in the mountains the whole summer.

15) Jimmy has turned down job offers from several different law firms.

16) After the long vacation, he didn’t feel like going back to work.

17) I know my son is far from the best singer, but certainly he’s not the worst.

18) After reading Hemingway, John was fired with ambition（雄心）to become a writer.

19) My wife doesn’t really care for tea; she likes coffee better.

20) Don’t mix up those papers, or we’ll never find the ones we need.

III. Rewrite the following sentences by replacing the italicized part.

Unit 1

1) Home should be a place where people can be safe from fear and danger.

Home should be a place where people can get away from fear and danger.

2) Professor Valentin made a reading list and asked her students to read all the articles on the list. Professor Valentin put together a reading list and asked her students to read all the articles on the list.

3) Jennifer is becoming very interested in fashion design（时装设计）.

Jennifer is getting into fashion design.

4) A difficult task is far easier to finish if it is separated into smaller, easier pieces.

A difficult task is far easier to finish if it is broken down into smaller, easier pieces.

5) After taking the medicine, the patient felt much better.

After taking the medicine, the patient felt a good deal better.

6) For many times I told Steve to give up smoking, but he never listened to me.

Over and over again I told Steve to give up smoking, but he never listened to me.

7)Whether he can be hired or not will be decided by the job interview（面试）.

Whether he can be hired or not will depend/depends on the job interview.

Unit 7

1) It seems that Jim never loses interest in playing games on his computer.

It seems that Jim never gets tired of playing games on his computer.

2) This exercise is most beneficial if practiced for several times a day on an empty stomach.

This exercise is most beneficial if practiced once or twice a day on an empty stomach.

3) There are some children walking down the street, holding each other’s hand.

There are some children walking down the street, hand in hand.

4) Jessica found some old letters by chance when she was cleaning the room.

Jessica came upon some old letters when she was cleaning the room.

5) The TV show was so boring that I fell asleep in the middle of it.

The TV show was so boring that I dozed off in the middle of it.

6) A teacher should encourage students to ask questions they might be unwilling to ask because of their anxiety about being thought stupid.

A teacher should encourage students to ask questions they might be unwilling to ask for fear of being thought stupid.

7) Despite the heavy rain she was able to reach the railway station in time.

Despite the heavy rain she managed to reach the railway station in time.

8) The Van Gough painting has been in this wealthy family for years.

The Van Gough painting has belonged to this wealthy family for years.

IV. Complete the following sentences by translating the Chinese into English.

Unit 1

1) The police are still trying to find out what caused the fire（是什么引起了这场火灾）.

2) I don’t know what size of shoes my father wears（我爸爸穿多大的鞋）

3) The baby pointed to what looked like a ball（一个像球一样的东西）

4) We should always be grateful for what our family and friends do for us （家人和朋友为我们所做的一切）

5) Stella was eager to show her boyfriend what she had bought for his birthday.(她为他的生日所买的东西）

Unit 2

1) When I reboarded（再次登上）the plane, I found my seat had already been taken.(board)

2) Many years after my graduation, I gradually come to realize that what Mr. Lee taught me in college days was invaluable（无价的）(value)

3) The Great Wall is inarguably(无可争议地）one of the wonders in the history of mankind. (argue)

4) Nowadays interracial（跨越种族的）marriage is everywhere and becomes more and more acceptable.(racial)

5) It’s unlikely（不可能）that he would be willing to pay 500 yuan for a ticket to the U2 concert.(like)

Unit 7

1) I dozed off in the back of the car and woke up to find myself already in Chicago（发现自己已经到了芝加哥）

2) After walking for a long time, James found himself in an empty street.（发现自己走在一条空荡荡的街上）

3) If Jack carries on treating others so rudely, he will find himself with no friends（他会失去所有的朋友）

4) This book tells people how to manage the situation when they find themselves getting angry（当他们生气时如何控制局面）

5) After meeting Kathy for the first time at a birthday party, John found himself falling in love with her.（发现自己爱上了她）

Unit 10

1) The business will lose money if it doesn’t modernize（现代化）.(modern)

2) This city has started to popularize（普及）information technology education in schools.(popular)

3) She used to fantasize（幻想）that her real parents were from outer space.(fantasy)

4) Lately, some politicians have started to worry that Singapore may have become too westernized（西洋化）.(western)

5) Schools need to publicize（公布）exam results.(public)

V. Turn the following sentences into English.

Unit 1

1这个小男孩最喜欢的事就是搭积木。What the boy likes to do most is putting together building blocks.

2就先前的工作经验而言，约翰是这个职位的最佳候选人。In terms of previous working experience, John is the best choice for this position.

3.我的物理教师经常使用类比来说明一些较难理解的概念。My physics teacher often uses analogy to explain some difficult concepts.

4在家人和朋友的帮助下，汤姆经营的出版企业逐渐兴旺起来。With the help of his family and friends , Tom built up his publishing business bit by bit.

5 林达没考入那所著名大学，但她打算重新开始，而不是逃避挑战。Linda was not able to go to that famous college, but she planned to start all over again rather than give up the challenge.

6这个公司有很好的公众形象。人们总是把它的产品与高质量和优质服务联系在一起。This company has a very good image. People always associate its product with high quality and good service.

Unit 2

7孩子们很苦恼，因为家长不允许在铁路轨道旁玩耍。The children are pretty annoyed that their parents won’t allow them to play around the railway track.

8我打赌我只要速度快一点，肯定会比他们先到目的地。I bet if I pick up a little speed I will reach the destination sooner than they do.

9这种糟糕的天气让人不想出去，你还不如在家舒展一下筋骨，做运动。You don’t want to go out in such rotten weather. It’s better for you to stay home and stretch your legs and do physical exercises. 10已经10点半了，你不应该还在睡觉，快赶到机场接你表弟。It’s half past ten, and you are not supposed to be sleeping! It’s time to head for the airport to pick up your cousin!

11是谁想到让迈克来接管这项工程的？Who came up with the idea to ask Mike to take over the project?

12学校对不同种族背景的学生没有区别对待。The school makes no distinction in treating students from different racial backgrounds.

Unit 4

13布鲁斯先生对他不尊重当地(local)传统的行为表示了歉意。Mr. Bruce made an apology for his disrespect for the local traditions.

14在会议上，双方就两国关系方面交换了各自的观点。At the meeting the two parties exchanged their opinions on the relationship between the two countries.

15他目前心情很糟糕，不适合再公共场合露面。He is in such a bad mood that it is not appropriate for him to appear in public.

16你提水的时候至少应该做到不要把水泼出来呀！You should at least try not so spill the water when carrying it!

17这位科学家的论点得到了学术界(academic circles)的极大支持。The argument of this scientist received tremendous support from academic circles.

18无论你遇到什么困难，大家都会帮你渡过难关的。No mater what difficulties you may come across, we will pull you through.

Unit 7

19在喝了3罐啤酒后，玛丽连站也站不起来了。After drinking three jars of beer, Mary could hardly get to her feet.

20由于担心房产价格可能会下跌，一些房产商开始急于出售房屋。Some real estate developers are now eager to sell their houses for fear that the price might dip.

21当林达打开房门时，眼前的景象使她惊呆了。橱柜的门都敞开着，地上到处是衣服和书。When Linda opened the door, she was shocked by what she saw. All the cupboard doors were wide open, and there were clothes and books lying here and there on the floor.

22迈克早已对老板每周一次的长篇报告感到厌倦，每次听着总会打起盹来。Mike has already got tired of the long speech given by his boss every week. He always dozed off in the middle of it.

23芬兰是一个以湖泊众多而著称的国家，我曾经去过几次，非常喜欢那个地方。Finland is remarkable for its large number of lakes, I have been there once or twice, and I like it very much.

24在贝蒂三岁生日那天，爸爸送她一只很有意思的盒子。只要你一打开它，一只可爱的兔子便会突然蹦出来。At Betty’s third birthday, Dad gave her an interesting box. Once you opened it, a lovely rabbit would pop out.

Unit 10

25在孩子个性形成时期，家长要特别关心并注意他们是否有心理问题的迹象。Parents should pay special attention to their children during their formative years and watch for symptoms of psychological problems.

26天才往往对自己喜爱的事物充满着激情。Geniuses usually have a great passion for things they’re interested in.

27他不知道简(Jane)就是他的亲生姐姐，只是觉得她的名字听上去有一点点熟悉(familiar)。He has no idea that Jane is his biological sister; only her name sounds faintly familiar to him.

28看着稻谷在干燥的阳光下枯死，农民们毫无办法，只有叹息。Seeing the rice crops dying in the dry sun, the peasants could do nothing but sigh.

29自从杰克(Jack)的老板拒绝了他请长假的要求，他一直在考虑辞职。Ever since his boss turned down his request for a long vacation, Jack has been thinking about quitting his job.

30我不喜欢足球，今天也不例外，我不想和你去看球赛。I don’t care for soccer, and today’s no exception. So I don’t feel like going to watch the game with you.

VI．参考译文

Unit 1 学会重新思考

当你还是个孩子的时候，起初你并不知道树是什么，得有人告诉你。也许你的父母带你到外面，指着一棵树说，“树！”你得学会将“树”这个词的音同你眼前的那个高大的绿色的长满叶子的东西联系起来。

这是你学外语时必须再次学会做的事。你得学会将声音和事物联系起来，用一种新的方式思考。只是这一次，因为你已经长大，所以能够更快地理解需要做的事。你会知道为社么有人指着一棵树，说着一个奇怪的单词。但是你仍然得学那个新的单词。说不定还得重复学许多遍才能最终掌握它。

这里有一个重要的概念。在美国我们称那个高大的绿色的长满叶子的东西为tree，但是在德国那东西叫Baum。在阿拉伯国家，它的名字是shajra。在中国，人们称它为shu。这些各式各样的词本身并不是树。它们只是世界各地用来代表那个高大的绿色的长满叶子的东西的几百种声音

中的几个。

要学习外语，你必须摆脱逐字翻译的想法。翻译会消耗太多的时间和脑力。如果你字字都得翻译，那你永远也学不会真正地说和理解一门外语。相反，你得学会将新的声音和头脑中的形象直接联系起来。这样当我们听见Baum，shajra或shu等声音时，就不会去想“嗯，Baum的意思是树，树指的是那个高大的绿色的长满叶子的东西。”

别以为学会用新的方式思考的挑战仅限于新词；它所涵盖的范围要广得多。让我们打一个比方：你能用不同大小和形状的材料造一幢房子。英语使用一套砌块，但其他语言可能使用不同形状的砌块，起初还得运用一些创造力才能将它们拼起来。我们使用两块砌块，而别人也许使用三块较小的——也可能是一块大的。

以一个英语句子为例：We have to buy a few books before going home.不论将它译成那种外语，你都不会取出每个英文单词然后逐个地用外语单词去替代。相反你会将成组成组的词语或思想从一种语言转换成另一种语言。至于每种语言用多少词语来表达某个概念，各种语言不尽相同。比如，在法语和西班牙语中，we have to buy被分成三个词：we/have to/buy。而在土耳其语中，土耳其人能将所有这四个词缩减成一个。

所以学着开始已成组的概念或思想去思考，这些概念或思想能转换成新的语言而非单个词语。尝试用外语去思考，这并不难。要学会用哪种语言去思考，你只需一遍又一遍地使用它，问并回答简单的问题，知道你对这一过程感到得心应手为止。然后添加一些新的词汇和几个新的情景，练习使用它们以及在以前课中学过的所有单词。渐渐地，你就会掌握这项技能。

一旦你真正投入地学习这门语言，你就会更深刻地领会这一切。有人讲什么讲得很快，而你会突然意识到你都能听懂！那是一个美妙的时刻。真的让人心满意足。也许你还不能重复那些词，甚至还搞不清听懂的，但这表明了那种语言已经开始渗入你的头脑中。你已经开始不需要翻译就能理解了。

Unit 2 父亲、儿子和答案

一天早上，我在亚特兰大机场搭上了一辆专门将旅客由主航站楼送往登机口的列车。乘这种车无需付费，而且他们整天就是来来回回地跑。没有多少人会觉得坐这样的车很好玩，但这个周六我听到了笑声。

一名男子和他的儿子站在第一节车厢最前面，透过窗子眺望向前延伸的轨道。车刚停下让乘客下车，这时候车门又关上了。“要开车了！紧紧抓住我哦！”那位父亲说。那个大约五岁的小男孩无比欢快地叫了起来。

我知道如今应该不说有关种族去别的话，所以希望各位不要介意我提一提以下事实：列车上的大部分乘客都是白人，衣着要么像是去出差，要么像是去度假——而这对父子是黑人，身上的衣服要有多便宜就有多便宜。

“看那儿！”父亲对儿子说。“看见那个飞行员了吗？我敢断定他正超自己的飞机走去。”儿子伸长了脖子去看。

下车时我猛然想起有什么东西忘了在航站楼买。离我的航班起飞还早，所以我决定再回去。

我真的回去了。就在我要再次登上列车回我的登机口的时候，我看见那父子俩也回来了。我意识到他们不是要赶飞机，而是在区间车上坐着玩。

“现在你想回家了吗？”父亲问。

“我还想坐！”

“还想坐？”父亲说道。他假装生气，但显然很开心。“你不累吗？”

“这太好玩了！”他儿子说。

“好吧。”父亲回答道。列车门开了，我们都上了车。

有的父母花得起钱送孩子去欧洲或迪斯尼，而孩子们却是朽木不可雕。有的父母住在百万号宅里，给自己的孩子备上了汽车和游泳池，但还是有什么不对劲。穷人也好，富人也好，黑人也好，白人也好，有很多事情老是不对劲。

“这些人都要去哪儿呀，爸爸？”儿子问。

答复是“世界各地。”机场里的其他人要去遥远的目的地，或者是刚刚到达行程的终点。而这父子俩只是一起乘区间车，相互做伴，尽兴地玩。

这个国家有很多麻烦——犯罪、许多年轻人的生活似乎缺少目标、教育水准的降低、粗话的增多、普通礼仪的消失。我们有很多问题，不知道该怎么办。而这儿又一位父亲重视与儿子共度时光，并且在一个周六的早上想出了这样一个计划。

答案多简单：父母要重视与孩子共度时光，要关注孩子，要竭尽全力。这样做不需要花一分钱，但它是世界上最有价值的事。

列车加速了。父亲指了指什么东西，男孩又笑了。答案多简单。

Unit 15

Dress up 盛装打扮bring out 取出拿出make a fool of oneself 出洋相

Pass by 路过经过wish away 希望不存在dream of 梦想curl up 卷起

1）Mary loves reading women’s fashion magazine and window-shopping in her spare time.

2）The young man feels quite confident about his future as he has just graduated from a famous university with honors.

3）Johnson is a plump healthy-looking child.

4）Today all kinds of marvelous technologies are being used in factories to improve efficiency.

5）All the people were impressed by the speaker’s eloquent speech.

6）The new company plans to expand its production. Apparently it is making a lot of money.

7）The salesgirl tells us that their store is well stocked and all sizes of clthes in various colors are available.

8）The little girl was really scared when she saw the huge tree crashing to the ground.

9）The housewife put on a cheerful smile when the guests arrived.

10）Make sure that everyone is properly dressed for the meeting with the President.

11）Jane eyre was a plain but intelligent woman who insisited that marriage be built upon equality between man and wife.

12）At present the microsoft windows system is the most widely used PC operating system in the world.

13）Many foreign companies invest heavily in China because it is a huge market.

14）The temperature dropped to zero and the tree leaves were now yellow and beginning to curl up.

15）The school boys dressed up as cowboys appeared on the stage and the show began.

16）You know, you can never wish your problems away ! you have to face up to them.

17）Finally she realized that she made a fool of herself by pretending to be knowledgeable.

18）I never dreamed of meeting you here. What a small world.

19）Will you be passing by the supermarket on your way home? If so,please remember to buy a bar of chocolate for me.

20）I remember going to the ocean park in Hong Kong as s kid.

21）Don’t forget to turn off the gas before you leave home.

22）She can’t remember destroying the letter ,even after her husband had named the date she did it.

23）I’ll never forget finding a snake in our garden.

24）Did you remember to say hello to charles at party yesterday?

25）She took care of the blind man as if he were her old father.

26）They are talking as if they had been friends for years.

27）Jerry acts as if he were an expert.

28）It seems as if it were winter already.

29）The postman spoke to me in a very loud voice as if I were deaf.

30）With a diploma from a famous university, he felt secure in his job even when the company was laying off people.

31）Bob flew into a rage when he was accused of lying.

32）Our project was totally ruined because of her stupidity.

33）The manager was held in high esteem by his colleagues in the company.

34）The little boy ran up to his father and tugged his sleeve excitedly.

35）Apparently, he was quite confident about his essay.