2014年外研版英语选修七:module 2 知识点(2)含答案

2014年外研版英语选修七:module 2 知识点(2)含答案
2014年外研版英语选修七:module 2 知识点(2)含答案

1.attract v.

(1)吸引

A magnet attracts steel.

磁石能吸钢铁。

(2)激发;引起

①Does any of these designs attract you?

这些设计中有使你感兴趣的吗?

②The new play has attracted a good deal of criticism.

这出新剧招致很多批评。

知识拓展

(1)attract one's attention 吸引某人的注意

attract sb. to sb./sth. 引起某人对某人/某物的注意

(2)attractive adj. 吸引人的

be attractive to... 对……有吸引力

(3)attraction n. 吸引;吸引人的事物;吸引力

tourist attraction 旅游胜地

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用attract的适当形式填空

(1)The beautiful garden ________ many people.

(2)The old city is an important tourist ________.

(3)The flat was small but ________,though rather shabby.

答案:(1)attracted/attracts(2)attraction(3)attractive

2.keen adj. 渴望的;热切的;热心的;灵敏的

①We were keen on going for an outing.

我们喜欢去郊游。

②He is keen to have a look at the Great Wall.

他很想去看看长城。

③Dogs have a keen sense of smell.

狗的嗅觉很灵敏。

知识拓展

be keen on sth./sb. 热衷于某事物;对某事物满腔热情

①I'm not too keen on jazz.

我不太喜欢爵士乐。

②Mrs Hills is keen on Tom's marrying Susan.

希尔太太很希望汤姆能和苏珊结婚。

即学即用

单句改错

Dolly wants to cycle round the world and she is really keen at the idea. _________________________________________________

答案:at改为on

3.consider v.

(1)考虑;后可接名词、代词、动名词、从句或“疑问词+不定式”。

①He is considering changing his job.

他在考虑调换一下工作。

②He considered how he should answer/how to answer.

他考虑应如何回答。

(2)把……看作;认为;后接that-clause或复合宾语。

①We consider that the driver is not to blame.

我们认为这不是司机的过错。

②We don't consider Tom to be our best friend.

我们并不把汤姆当成我们最好的朋友。

知识拓展

(1)be considered as(把某人)看作……;(被)认为

He's generally considered as the best one here.

他被公认为是最好的人选。

(2)consider(doing)sth. 考虑(做)某事

①Please consider my suggestion.

请考虑我的建议。

②He's considering going abroad.

他在考虑出国。

(3)consider how/what...to do sth. 考虑如何做/做什么……

Have you considered how to get there?

你考虑好怎样去那儿了吗?

(4)consider+宾语从句

Let's consider what use we can make of it.

咱们考虑怎样利用它。

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语法填空

My father considers ________(buy) a computer, which is considered ________(be) a great help in his work. 答案:buying; to be

4.develop vt. & vi.

(1)发展;发达

They're going to develop heavy industries.

他们打算发展重工业。

(2)洗印;显影

He is developing a film now.

他在冲洗胶卷。

(3)养成;培养

He's developed the habit of rising early.

他已养成早起的习惯。

(4)开发;建设

develop a mine 开矿

(5)生长;发育

①Seeds develop into plants.

种子长成植物。

②It is very important to develop children's body.

孩子的身体发育是十分重要的。

知识拓展

develop out of/from... 由……发展起来

develop(...)into(使……)发展成为

development n. 发展;开发

developed adj. 发达的

developing adj. 发展中的

underdeveloped adj. 不发达的

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完成句子

我们应尽早培养孩子的阅读习惯。

We must ________ ________ ________ ________ as early as possible.

答案:develop children's reading habit

5.activity n. 活动,行动;活跃,活力

①Students should often take part in practical activities.

学生应该经常参加实践活动。

②This is a street full of activity.

这是一条充满生气的街道。

辨析:activity, act, action

activity 有组织、有目的的活动,如课外活动、政治

活动等。

act 可数名词,有时可与action换用,侧重指短

时间内的单一行动。

action 多指较长时间内多次行动的集合体,即许多

act集合而成的复杂行为。

①I'm late for supper every night because of after-school activities.

因为课外活动我每天都赶不上吃晚餐。

②It is an act of kindness to help a blind man cross the street.

帮助盲人过马路是一种善举。

③Her timely action probably saved his life.

她及时采取行动很可能救他一命。

根据汉语提示,用act及其同根词的正确形式填空

(1)三思而后行。

Think carefully before you ________.

(2)我参加很多活动,这占用了我许多时间。

I have a lot of ________ which take up much of my time.

(3)事实胜于雄辩。

________ speak louder than words.

答案:(1)act (2)activities (3)Actions

6.ability n. [U,C]能力;才能;本领;技能

①He has got a remarkable ability to get things done.

在办事方面,他显示了非凡的能力。

②She has great ability in teaching English.

她有教英文的非凡才干。

知识拓展

(1)to be best of one's ability 尽最大努力

(2)ability后可接动词不定式、介词in或for,但不能接of doing。

[译]她有能力做这项工作。

[误]She had the ability of doing the work.

[正]She had the ability to do the work.

(3)注意否定前缀的不同

注意:ability后可接动词不定式、介词in或for,但不能接of doing。

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完成句子

他为女儿能说四种语言而骄傲。

He is proud of his daughter's ________ ________ ________ four languages.

答案:ability to speak

7.innocent adj. 天真无邪的;阅世不深的;清白的;无罪的

n. [C]无罪的人;无辜的人;清白的人

①I was very young and very innocent.

那时我非常年幼无知。

②In the end the innocent was set free and the criminal was sentenced to death.

最后,无辜者被释放,罪犯被判处死刑。

知识拓展

be innocent of 没有……罪→be guilty of 有……罪

It is better that ten guilty escape than one innocent suffers. (Shakespeare)

宁可让十个罪犯漏网,不可使一个好人蒙冤。(莎士比亚)

即学即用

完成句子

不要太天真,竟至相信政客们说的每一句话。

Don't ________ ________ ________ as to believe everything the politicians say.

答案:be so innocent

8.sob

(1)v. 啜泣;呜咽;抽噎

①Some children often sob themselves to sleep.

有些孩子经常哭泣着睡着了。

②We could hear the child sobbing in the other room.

我们听到那间屋子里的小孩在抽抽搭搭地哭着。

(2)n. 呜咽;哭泣

①The beggar told us a long sob story before she asked for money.

那个叫花子先给我们讲了一个长而催人泪下的故事,然后向我们讨钱。

②The child's sobs gradually died down.

那孩子的啜泣声渐渐静了下来。

知识拓展

(1)sob过去式:sobbed;过去分词:sobbed;现在分词:sobbing;第三人称单数:sobs。

(2)常用词组:

sob one's heart out 哭得伤心至极

sob oneself to sleep 哭着哭着睡着了

sob out 哭泣着诉说

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完成句子

她哭泣着诉说了儿子在一场车祸中死亡的事情。

She ________ ________ the story of her son's death in a traffic accident.

答案:sobbed out

9.upset(upset, upset; upsetting)

(1)v. 使(某人)心烦意乱,使(肠胃)不适;打翻;打扰,扰乱;搅乱

①I'm sorry, I didn't mean to upset you.

对不起,我没想要让你不高兴。

②Recent bank failures threaten to upset the entire world economy.

近期银行纷纷倒闭,有打乱整个世界经济秩序的危险。

③Spicy food upsets my stomach.

辛辣食物使我肠胃不适。

(2)adj. 不安的;不快的;心烦意乱的;感到不适的

①She was still upset about the argument she'd had with Mary.

她依然为和玛丽发生的争论感到烦恼。

②She is really upset over not finding a job.

她找不到工作,所以很苦恼。

知识拓展

(1)upset作形容词时,可与介词over/at/about搭配,其后可接名词、动名词。

(2)upset作形容词,作表语,但不能作前置定语。

巧学助记:

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完成句子

(1)我打乱了他们的计划,并伤害了他们的自尊心。

I ______ ______ ______ and hurt their self-esteem.

(2)犯不着为此事难过。

There is no point ________ ________ ________ it.

答案:(1)upset their plan(2)being upset about

10.polish v. 擦光;擦亮;磨光;润色

①I polished my shoes before I left home.

我在出门之前把鞋擦亮了。

②His essay needs polishing.

他的论文尚需润饰。

知识拓展

polish up 擦亮,润色,改善

polish off 做完(工作);吃掉(食物)

polish off a big plateful of stew 很快吃完一大盘炖菜

归类各种“擦”:

完成句子

玛丽花了几天的时间来润饰演讲稿。

Mary spent several days ________ ________ ________.

答案:polishing her lecture

1.as far as I'm concerned 就我而言

①As far as I'm concerned you can do what you like.

对我个人来说,你怎么做都可以。

②I cannot stand her endless complaining. She's had it as far as I'm concerned.

她总是怨天尤人,我真是受不了。就我而言,她可是让人受够了。

③As far as I am concerned the matter is closed.

对我来说,事情已了结。

知识拓展

as/so far as... is concerned 就……而言

as/so far as I know 据我所知

as/so far as I can remember/see/tell 据我所记/依我看/依我说

as/so far as(the) eye can see 就视力所能及

①As far as I know, compared with other countries, Chinese students spend much more time studying. 据我所知,与其他国家相比较,中国学生花费了更多的时间来学习。

②As far as I can remember, Twilight—a story about vampire—was written by Stephenie Meyer.

据我所记,《暮光之城》——一个关于吸血鬼的爱情故事——是由斯蒂芬妮·梅耶所写。

完成句子

(1)就我而言,这个问题已经解决了。

______________________,the problem has been solved.

(2)据我所知,这是一个很小的错误。

______________________,it's a small mistake.

答案:(1)As far as I'm concerned(2)As far as I know

2.be likely to 有可能

①It is likely to rain.

有可能下雨。

②His condition is likely to improve.

他的情况有可能好转。

③It is likely that he didn't attend the meeting at all yesterday for he knew nothing about the report.

好像他昨天根本没参加会议,因为他对报告的事一无所知。

知识拓展

be likely to do sth. 有可能做某事

It is/was likely that 从句。有可能……

辨析:likely, probable, possible

注意:(1)只有be likely前面的主语可以是人,而possible和probable不能。

(2)只有possible后面可以接for sb. to do sth.,而likely和probable不能。

(3)possible可与if(如果)连用,构成if possible省略式。

—When do you want to know the result?

你想什么时候知道结果?

—Tomorrow if possible.

如果可能的话,明天吧。

句型转换

The boy is likely to help us.

→________________ the boy will help us.

答案:It is likely that

含义辨析

用法辨析It is/was possible for sb. to do sth.

It is/was possible that从句.

It is/was probable that从句.

1.To help students

develop these social skills, schools offer a large number of after-school activities, in other words, activities that take place outside classroom lessons.

为帮助学生发展这些社交技能,学校安排了大量的课外活动,即在教室里上完课后进行的活动。

(1)To help students develop these social skills是不定式作目的状语;activities that take place outside classroom lessons此

处起同位语的作用,来进一步说明什么是课外活动。

(2)in other words在句中作插入语,意为“换句话说;换言之”。

①In other words I don't have to send it by air mail, right?

换句话说我不必把它航空邮寄了,对吗?

②In other words, our forces, although small at present, will grow very rapidly.

这就是说,现在我们虽只有一点小小的力量,但是它的发展会是很快的。

高考直击

(2014·重庆改编)Group activities will be organized after class ________(help) children develop team spirit.

答案:to help本题考查的不定式做目的状语的用法。句意:为了帮助培养孩子的团队精神,课后将要组织很多的集体活动。本句中的不定式短语to help children develop team spirit在句中做目的状语,表示组织很多集体活动的目的。

语法填空

(1)Birds' singing is sometimes a warning to other birds ________(stay) away.

(2)The children all turned________(look at) the famous actress as she entered the classroom.

答案:(1)to stay(2)to look at

2.Exam grades are very important, but so are the after-school activities.

考试成绩固然重要,但是课外活动也不容忽视。

“so+助动词/情态动词/连系动词+主语”,此结构表示另一主语和前面所陈述的情况有着相同的肯定情况,意为“……也是这样(如此)”。

①—She can speak some French.

她能讲一些法语。

—So can I.

我也会讲一些。

②If you go to the countryside for your holidays, so shall I.

如果你去乡村度假,我也去。

知识拓展

(1)当前面的句子是混合情况(肯定和否定的混合或没有统一助动词)时,说明“另一人/物也同样”则必须用it is/was with.../it is the same with...句型。

Tom is clever and works hard. So it is with Mary.

汤姆既聪明又努力,玛丽也是如此。

(2)用so句型表示“也一样”时,其前一句必须是肯定句,且只有一个谓语。若前一句为否定句,则用“neither (nor)+连系动词/助动词/情态动词+(另一)主语”表示“也不”。

①I have never been abroad, neither has he.

我从未出过国,他也没有。

②I didn't stay at home yesterday, nor did she.

我昨天没在家,她也没在家。

(3)“so+主语+连系动词/情态动词/助动词”这种结构中的主谓是正常语序,so相当于indeed、certainly,表示说话人对前面或对方所说情况的赞同或证实,语气较强,意为“……确实如此”。

①—He has been to the Great Wall.

他去过长城。

—So he has.

他的确如此。(注意其中的两个he,为同一个人。)

②—Tom studies hard.

汤姆学习很用功。

—So he does.

他确实如此。

即学即用

完成句子

(1)—I don't know about you, but I'm sick and tired of this weather.

—________(我也是). I can't stand all this rain.

(2)Bill wasn't happy about the delay of the report by Jason, and________(我也不高兴).

答案:(1)So am I(2)neither was I

引导表语从句的词例句

连接副词:when,where,how,why等This is where I don't agree with you.

这就是我不同意你的地方。

The question is how we can get in touch

with him.

问题是我们怎样与他取得联系。

其他连词:because,as if/as though He looked as though/as if he was ill.

他好像生病了。

This is because all men are equal.

这是因为所有的人都是平等的。

二、表语从句的易混点

1.混淆that,which与what

that引导表语从句时,是连词,在从句中不作成分;which与what都是连接代词,引导表语从句时,都可以在从句中作主语、宾语、表语与定语,但意思不同。前者表示“哪一个”,后者表示“……的事情、地方或一切”。

This was what he told me. (what在从句中作宾语)

这就是他告诉我的事情。

My belief is that I will succeed by working hard. (that只是引导表语从句,在从句中不作成分)

我相信通过努力我会成功的。

The problem is which school will be chosen. (which在从句中作定语)

问题是哪一所学校将被选中。

2.混淆because与why

because引导表语从句时,表示“因为”,why引导表语从句时,表示“……的原因”,相当于the reason why。She often comes late. That's because she has a baby to take care of.

她经常迟到。那是因为她有一个孩子要照顾。

She has a baby to take care of. That's why she often comes late.

她有一个孩子要照顾。那就是她经常迟到的原因。

注意:表示“原因是……”时,要用the reason is/was+that从句,其中的that不能换成because与why。三、表语从句的难点

表语从句中的虚拟语气

1.在表示建议、劝告、命令等含义的名词后的表语从句中,谓语动词用“should+动词原形”,should可以省略。My suggestion is that we (should)have a discussion about this matter instead of just laying it aside. 我的建议是我们应当讨论一下这件事,而不应该把它放在一边。

2.as if/though引导的表语从句常用虚拟语气。用一般过去时表示现在,过去进行时表示现在进行,过去完成时表示过去,could/would/might+动词原形表示将来。

It looks as if he were ten years younger today.

今天他看起来好像年轻了10岁。

Ⅱ.主语从句

一、相关概念

在复合句中作主语的从句,叫主语从句。

引导主语从句的词例句

连词:that,whether Whether he will come is not known.

不知道他是否会来。

连接代词:what,who,which,whose,whoever,whatever,whichever等What we need is more practice.

我们需要的是更多的练习。

Whoever made the mistake should be responsible for it.

无论谁犯了这个错误,都应为此负责。

连接副词:when,where,how,why等Why he didn't come wasn't clear.

他为什么不来还不清楚。

二、主语从句的易混点

1.混淆that与what

that引导主语从句时,是连词,在从句中不作成分;what是连接代词,在从句中作主语、宾语、表语。

That the earth turns around the sun is known to all. (that只是引导从句,在从句中不作成分)我们都知道地球围着太阳转。

What will happen to the world is difficult to predict.

(what在从句中作主语)

世界将发生什么事情是难以预测的。

2.混淆which与whichever,who与whoever,what与whatever

which,who,what都含有一定的疑问,因此它们作为疑问代词。whichever,whoever,whatever分别表示“无论哪一个,无论谁,无论什么”,表示一种陈述,不含疑问的语气。whoever,whatever分别相当于the person who/anyone who...与any thing/the thing that。

Whatever I have is yours.

我的东西都是你的。

What made her sad was not known.

不知道什么使她伤心。

三、主语从句的难点

1.由连词wh-引导的主语从句中,从句可放在句首,也可以用it作形式主语,把从句放在句末。

Whether he will be punished is not known.=It is not known whether he will be punished.

他是否会受到惩罚还不知道。

2.主语从句中的虚拟语气

在“It+be+形容词+that从句”句型中,如果形容词为necessary,important,strange,natural等时,从句谓语动词常用“(should+)动词原形”。

It is necessary and important that one(should)master the skill of operating computers so as to meet the need of a job.

为了满足工作上的需要,掌握电脑操作技巧是很有必要并且是很重要的。

在“It+be+过去分词+that从句”句型中,如果过去分词为suggested,advised,ordered,requested,required 等时,that从句谓语动词使用“(should+)动词原形”。

It is suggested that the sports meeting (should) be put off.

有人建议推迟举行运动会。

高考直击

(1)(2014·江苏改编)—What a mess! You are always so lazy!

—I'm not to blame, mum. I am ________ you have made me.

答案:what 本题考查表语从句。——这么乱!你总是这么懒!——妈妈,要怪也不应当怪我啊。我这么懒也是你娇惯出来的。言外之意是,“You made me what I am.”。

(2)(2014·四川改编)Grandma pointed to the hospital and said, “That's ________ I was born.”

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(4)(2014·陕西改编)________ the delayed flight will take off depends much on the weather.

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用合适的连接词填空

(1)It is by no means clear________ the president can do to end the strike.

(2)It doesn't matter ________ you pay by cash or credit card in this store.

(3)It suddenly occurred to him ________ he had left his keys in the office.

(4)I'd like to start my own business—that's________I'd do if I had the money.

(5)—The parents try to do everything for their son.

—That's________they are mistaken.

(6)She was ill. That's________she didn't come today.

答案:(1)what (2)whether (3)that (4)what (5)where (6)why

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