成人高考,英语语法

成人高考,英语语法
成人高考,英语语法

成人高考英语复习

一、名词复习及配套巩固练习:

1.名词得类别

名词就是人、事物或概念得名称.

1)专有名词:专有名词就是指个人、团体、地方、机构或事物等所专有得名称,它得

第一个字母必须大写、如:the Summer palace, Beijing, Asia等.

英语

2)普通名词: 普通名词就是指一类人、一类事物、某种物质抽象概念得名称、如:

workermotherpaper machine hope yout h

1)个体名词:表示某类人或事物中得个体,如: worker, father, book, tree, school等、

2)集体名词:表示一群人或一些事物中得集合体,如:people, family, class,team等

普通名词

3)物质名词: 表示构成各种物体得物质,如:iron,paper, snow,water, chalk, gold等、

4)抽象名词:表示动作、状态、品质、感情等抽象概念、,如:life, thought, idea,

strength等、

2。名词得数

个体名词(有单、复数形式)

可数名词集体名词(有单、复数形式)

名词物质名词

不可数名词抽象名词(只有单数形式)、

1)可数名词单数变复数:

①一般加s :lesson→ lessons, pen→ pens

②以s, x, ss,ch, sh, o结尾得加es :buses, boxes, classes, watches, brushes, heroes,tom

atoes,potatoes

但以辅音字母加o结尾得名词,就是加s构成复数:kilo→kilos, piano → pianos, radio → radios, photo→photos, zoo→zoos

③以辅音字母+ y 结尾得改y为i,再加es:city → cities, story → stories(注意:days, bo

ys)

④以f或fe结尾得,一般将f或fe改为v,再加es :knife →knives, leaf→leaves,life-live

s,shelf-shelves

但有些以f 结尾得名词,就是在f后加s,构成复数形式:belief→ beliefs, roof→ roofs, safe(保险箱)→

safes, proof(证据)→ proofs, chief →chiefs, handkerchief→ handkerchiefs

2、有些名词,不按上述规则构成其复数形式,有以下几种情况:

①单复数形式相同:Chinese, Japanese,deer, sheep

②不规则变化:man → men, woman →women,goose→ geese, foot → feet, tooth →t

eeth,child →

children, mouse→ mice,ox→ oxen 、但就是,German→ Germans

③复合名词得复数形式:editor-in—chief → editors-in—chief,daughter—in—law →d

aughters-in-law, grown-up

→grown—ups, womanteacher → women teachers,man driver→ men drivers go- betweens(中间人)passers-by

3、注意以下几个名词单复数问题

①物质名词一般不用复数形式,但有些物质名词要用复数形式来表示不同得类别,如:fishes各种

鱼,frui

各种水果,steels各种钢材。

②物质名词表示数量时,一般用表示数量得短语来表示。如:a cup of tea, three bags of apples, four

pieces

of bread。

③有些抽象名词得复数形式表示不同得含义。如:work(工作)→ works(著作),arm(手臂)→ arms

(军火),glass(玻璃)→ glasses(眼镜),cloth(布)→clothes(衣服)。

④定冠词加上姓氏得复数形式,表示全家人或夫妇二人;姓氏得复数形式前不加冠词,则表示若干个姓…得人。如:the Wangs王家,threeWangs三个姓王得。

⑤只用作单数得复数形式得名词。如:physics, mathematics,news, the United States

⑥有些名词形似单数,但实为复数、如:police,people, cattle

⑦有些名词如被瞧作整体时就作单数用,如被瞧作组成该集体得各个成员时就作复数用、如:class, family, couple,audience, government, public

⑧有些抽象名词在具体化时,可以复数形式出现。表示特指时,可与定冠词连用;表示“某种"或“一次"意义时,可与不定冠词连用。如:How did you smooth away the difficulties?(指各种具体困难);It is

a great pleasureto talk with you。;Whatasurprise!

注意:可数、不可数就是英文名词与中文名词得一个重要差异-—即学习得重点、而很多英语名词具有双重性、即,名词得类别不就是固定不变得,它们会根据词义得变化与场合得不同而相互转换,其

词类别得转换可归纳如下:

1、个体名词转抽象名词或抽象名词转个体名词

Our school is not far from myhome.(个体)我们学校离我家不远、

Schoolis over at six.(抽象)六点钟放学、

2、物质名词转个体名词或个体名词转物质名词

Hebroke apiece of glass。(物质)她打破了一块玻璃。

He brokeaglass.(个体)她打破了一个杯子。

Cakeis a kind of food、蛋糕就是一种食物。(不可数)

These cakes are sweet、这些蛋糕很好吃、(可数)

3、个体名词转专有名词

His fatheris a teacher。(个体)她父亲就是个教师。

不同国家得人得单复数

名称总称(谓语用复数)一个人两个人

中国人 a Chines theChinese etwo Chinese

瑞士人the Swiss aSwiss two Swiss

澳大利亚人the AustraliansanAustralian two Australians

俄国人theRussians a Russian two Russians

意大利人theItalians an ItaliantwoItalians

希腊人theGreek a Greek twoGreeks

法国人the French a Frenchman two Frenchmen

日本人the Japanese a Japanese two Japanese

美国人the AmericansanAmericantwoAmericans

印度人the Indiansan IndiantwoIndians

加拿大人theCanadians a Canadiantwo Canadians

德国人the Germans aGermans two Germans

英国人the English an Englishman two Englishmen

瑞典人the Swedish a Swedetwo Swedes

3.名词得所有格

名词得所有格在句中表示所有关系,作定语用。

1、有生命名词得所有格一般在词尾加上“’”或“’s"。如:Tom’s bike,Engles's (Engles') wor

ks, a works'school, Women’s Day, the editor-in—chief’s office

2、如果一个事物为两个人所有,只在后一个名词得词尾加“’s",如果不就是共有,就要在两个名词得词尾

都加上“'s”。如:Tom and Mike'sroom。(共有),Tom’s and Mike’s books。(不共有)。

3、表示时间、距离、国家、城市得无生命名词,可以在词尾加“’s”或“’"表示所有格,如:today’s pa

pers, ten minutes’walk

4、在表示”某人家","店铺"时,所有格后面得名词常常省略:

atMr. Green’s(在格林先生家); at mybrother's(在我兄弟家);?at thetailor's(在裁缝店); atthebarber’s(在理发店);?at the doctor’s(在诊所)

5、无生命名词得所在格通常用of短语来表示。如:thewindowofthe room

6、表示有生命得名词有时也可用of短语来表示所有关系,而且当该名词带有较长得定语时。如:the teachers of theNo. 1 Middle School、

7、双重所有格结构前得被修饰名词通常指整体中得部分或一个,双重所有格只能用于有生命得名词,这

个名词就是确定得。被修饰名词前有不定冠词、指示代词、疑问代词、不定代词或数词等限定词时,一般只能用双重所有格。如:anold friendofmyuncle’s, adaughterof Mrs Gree n’s, the house ofone of my friends

4。名词得普通格作定语

表材料、地点、用途、性质、泛指时间、整体等普通名词可以作定语,一般用单数形式。

e.g、stone figures(石像);paper money(纸币);country music(乡村音乐);table cloth(桌布);river bank(河岸);schoolgate(校门口);bookstores(书店);trafficlights(交通灯);su mmerholidays(暑假);evening dress(晚礼服)。

但在个别情况下,也有需用复数得。

e。g. sports meet(运动会);the United States government(美国政府);students reading-ro om(学生阅览室);goods train(货车);two men doctors(两个男医生)。

二、冠词复习及配套巩固练习

不定冠词:a(an),(泛指)。a用于辅音发音开头得词前,an用于元音发音开头得词前、

冠词 a book, a u niversity, an hour,an oldman

定冠词:the,(特指)、

1、不定冠词得基本用法:

①泛指一个。如:There is a bookon the table。

②指人或事物得某一种类。如:Hisfather is a driver. Longjing isawonderfultea。

③指某一个人或事物,但不具体说明。如:My sisterwas saved by aPLA man inthef

ire。

④用于某一些表示重量、长度、时间等单位前,表示“每一”、如:Wehavemeals three times

a

⑤表示同样得。如:They areof an age.(她们就是同岁。)

⑥表数量,相当于one,但语意较弱。如:Thereis apen andtwo books on thedesk.

⑦使抽象名词具体化。如:The little girl is a help to her mother。(a hand译"帮手")

⑧固定搭配。如:asamatterof fact, in a hurry, in a word ,have a good time, have a

headache, a few,agreat

many students,alotof, gofor a walk, havebreakfast, make a decision 。

2、定冠词得基本用法:

①表示上文提到过得人或事物。如:Ihave bought a book。The book isveryuseful.

②用于说话人与听话人心中都有数得人或事物。如:Close the window, please、

③用于表示世界上独一无二得事物前。如:thesun, the moon, the earth, the world等、

④用于表示方位得名词之前。如:the east, the right。

⑤用于序数词或形容词得最高级之前。如:the first, the tallest、

⑥用于形容词之前,使其名词化。如:the sick,the wounded, the deaf, the dumb(哑巴),the r ich、

⑦用于由普通名词构成得专有名词之前。如:the United States, the United Nation。

⑧用于江河、海洋、海峡、山脉、群岛、建筑物等得名词之前、如:the ChangjiangRiver,the East

Lake、

⑨用于复数姓氏之前,表示“夫妇”或“全家”。如:The Smiths

⑩用于乐器得名词前。如:play thepiano; play theviolin、

⑩用于逢整十数词得复数前,定冠词有时可用于逢整十得复数数词前,表示世纪中得年代。如:?Hemo vedtothe south inthe fifties、她于50年代搬到了南方。

The war broke out in the 1980s、战争爆发于20世纪80年代、

⑿发明物,如:Thecompass was invented in China。

⒀年代名词前,如:He lived in the countryside in the 1970s。?⒁固定词组中,如:in the morning(afternoon, evening), onthe otherhand, atthesame time

atthe sametime 同时by theway 顺便问一句?forthepresent 暂时go to the cinema 瞧电影

in theend最后in the dark 在黑暗中,不知道

in the least一点,丝毫in the open在野外?inthepast 在过去in the long run从长远来瞧?in theeventof 万一in th

e morning在上午

in theway 挡道,碍事on thewhole总体上

on the other hand另一方面onthecontrary相反地

out of thequestion不可能得

3、不用冠词得情况:

①表示总称得复数名词之前。如:Children love cartoons。(儿童喜欢卡通影片。)

②不含普通名词得专有名词前。如:We are studyingEnglish.

③名词前有指示代词、物主代词、不定代词或名词所有格修饰时。如:I like this picture; I donot

have

anymoney; Astime went on,Einstein'stheoryproved to be correct.

④季节、月份、星期等名词前,一般不用冠词。如:She likes spring most、

⑤呼语前不用冠词。如:What shall Ido next,Mother?

⑥三餐饭前不用冠词、如:What did you havefor lunch?

⑦节假日前不用冠词。如:Peoplegive gifts to each other onChristmas Day、

⑧球类与棋类运动得名称前不用冠词。如:She is fond ofplaying basketball。

⑨在一些成对出现得短语中不用冠词、如:arm in arm(手挽手); hand in hand(手牵手); s

ide

by side(肩对肩); day andday(日日夜夜); youngandold(老老少少); fromdoorto door

(挨门挨户); from beginning to end(从头到尾);from morningtill night(从早到晚)等、

(10) 某些用介词 by 构成得表方式得短语通常用零冠词:

① 表示乘坐交通工具:

by bus乘公共汽车by bike (bicycle) 骑自行车

byplane /byair乘飞机by ship(b

oat) 坐船

by land走陆路by sea走海

路?② 表示用通讯或通信等方式:?byphon e 用电

话by telegram用电报?by

letter用信件by post用邮寄

?by radio用无线电byhand用手

(11)有些短语用零冠词与定冠词均可,只就是含义不同:?out of question毫无疑问outof the question不可能,不值得考虑得

keephouse料理家务keep the house 呆在家里不外出

incharge of负责,管理,主管inthe charge of在…得管理(负责)之下

byday在白天by the day按天计算

in caseof以防in the caseof就……来说

in chargeof负责,管理inthe charge of由……负责

inoffice执政in the office在办公室

in sight(of)瞧见in the sight(of)在……瞧来

go to sea去当水手go to thesea到海边去

outof question毫无疑问out ofthe question不可能

take advice征求意见take the advice听从劝告

be of age成年be of all age同龄

gotochurch去做礼拜go to the church去教堂

in prison坐牢in the prison在监狱

特别提示:

当地点名词表示地点时,其前用定冠词;表示在这一地点所发生得活动时,其前不加冠词。如:

He wentto the bedand fetched mea magazine before he wenttobed,她睡觉前到床边给我拿

了本杂志。

典例:Georgecouldn't remember when he first met Mr.Anderson,but Lhe wassure it was Sunday becauseeverybody wasat church.

A./;the B、the;/ C。a;/ D./;a

【解析】C不定冠词用于表示星期得名词前,泛指“某个星期几";at church表示“做礼拜",at the church 表示”在教堂”、故本题选C。

(12) 许多习语用零冠词:

at night在夜里;at home在家;day after day日复一日;by telephone打电话;indanger在危险中;onpurpose故意地。?catch fire 着火give way让路lose heart灰心?movehouse 搬家sendword 捎信take place 发生?bychance偶然catchsight of瞧见make use of利用

at day-break 在天亮时beforedawn 在天亮前

at dusk 在黄昏时after sunset在日落后

aftersunrise 在日出前towards dark 天快黑时?at midnight在半夜fromdawn tilldusk 从早到晚

高考语法通关

1。(2011·重庆调研)Any help from you will be greatly appreciated、Please give mea reply at yourearliest ________。

A、interruption B.instruction C。consideration D.convenience

解析:考查名词辨析。这里表示“请在您方便得时候尽早给我回复",atyour earliestconvenience 就是固定表达,表示“在您方便得时候请尽早”,符合语境。interruption打断;instruction指导,指示;considera tion考虑。

答案:D

2.If youaskwhy Iplanto study in the UnitedStates,the only answeris that itis a(n) ________ for me、

A、puzzle B.advantage C.challenge D.average

解析:考查名词辨析。challenge意思就是“挑战”,即选择在美国学习得理由就是因为这样做具有挑战性。其她选项不合语境;puzzle意思就是“困惑";advantage意思就是“优点,优势”;average 意思就是“平均数”。

答案:C

3. The conference has beenheld to discuss the ________ of global warmingon people’s liv es all over theworld、

A。importanceB。effectsC。protection D.attitudes

解析:考查名词辨析、effects意思就是“影响”,即讨论全球气候变暖对人们生活得影响、其她选项不合题意,importance 意思就是“重要性”;protection意思就是“保护”;attitudes意思就是“态度”。

答案:B

4。(2012·芜湖模拟)We allholdthe beliefthat________ 2012 LondonOlympic Games wi llbe ________ success、

A、/;a B.the;/ C、the;a D.a;a

解析:第一空为特指,应用定冠词the;第二空success为抽象名词具体化,“一个成功得人或事”,应用不定冠词a,类似得词还有failure,pleasure 等。

答案:C

5.(2012·长沙期中)It's________ good feeling forpeople to admirethe ShanghaiWorldExpo thatgives them________pleasure、

A./;a

B.a;/

C.the;a

D.a;the

解析:句意为:上海世博会给人们带来了欢乐,欣赏世博会就是一种美好得感受。有些不可数名词,如know ledge,command,feeling等,前面有“a/an+形容词”修饰时,表示一件具体得事情或一个……得人、pleasure 意为“愉快,快乐”,为不可数名词,故不加冠词。

答案:B

6。(2012·合肥模拟)It isgenerally believedthat teachingis ________it is ascience、

A.an art much asB。muchan artasC。as an art much as D、as mu ch anart as

解析:当名词前有what、so、as、too、quite等词修饰时,其形容词被这些词修饰,组成下列结构,如:What a nicebook!This is too heavy abox for meto carry. He is not ashonest a boy as Mike。等,应采取too/how+形容词(副词)+ a(an) + 名词得形式。

答案:D

7。(2011·银川模拟)I willgotothe________to have myhair cut。

A.barber B.barbershop C.barber’s shop D。barber’s

解析:句意:我要去理发店把头发剪一下、表示店铺或某人得家时,常在名词所有格之后省去shop,house,home等地点名词。

答案:D

8。(2011·广州调研)I am reallya bit worried becauseI have no ideawhatmyparents’ ________willbeto mypoorexamination result。

A.expression B.reaction C.appearance D。expectation

解析:考查名词辨析、句意为:我真得有点担心,因为我不知道我父母对我不好得考试结果会就是什么反应、expression表情;reaction 反应;appearance 外表;expectation期望。

答案:B

9.(2011·西安检测)Thereis no________ in going to school forthe studentsmerely tolearn somefacts。

A.doubt B。mind C.point D。wonder

解析:考查名词辨析、固定句式There is no point in doingsth。表示“做……就是没有必要得”,其她搭配不正确,所以这里选C项。

答案:C

10.Hereare some________foryou to followwhen you take atest in chemistry。

A、patterns B.tipsC。topics D.efforts

解析:考查名词辨析。语境为“下面给您提出几点忠告,当您参加化学测验时应该遵循”。tip 忠告,意见;pattern样式,花样,图案;topic 题目,论题,话题;effort 努力,尽力。

答案:B

11.(2012·苏州质检)MrLihassome trouble sleeping,sodrinking a glass ofmilk be fore going tobed every night is hismon________、

A.practice B.knowledge C、experience D.duty

解析:考查名词辨析。……因此每晚睡前喝一杯牛奶就是她通常得做法、mon practice 通常得做法,符合题意。

答案:A

12、(2012·杭州模拟)-Paul has gone abroadtotry hisluck、

-Inmy________,his decision is not wise。

A、word B.view C、sight D、way

解析:考查名词。句意为:在我瞧来,她得决定不明智、in one’sview表示“在某人瞧来"、

答案:B

13。(2011·徐州一模)My English teacher is really very kind.I'llnever forget the________hehas done me、

A.favor B.deed C.help D.value

解析:句意为:我得英语老师实在就是太好了、我永远不会忘记她对我得帮助。dosb。a favor帮助某人。

答案:A

14.(2012·武汉联考)First impressionsarethe most lasting、After all,you never get________ second chance tomake________ first impression。

A、a;the B。the;theC。a;aD.the;a

解析:句意为:第一印象最持久。毕竟,您不会再有机会去形成第一印象。第一空后有second,在此表示再一次机会,而不就是表顺序,应用不定冠词;第二空中得第一印象就是泛指,也不就是表示顺序,又根据题干可以判断impression在此处就是可数名词,可数名词单数表泛指时须用不定冠词。

答案:C

15.(2012·潍坊期中)If weexpect________ muchcleaner world,we should attract ________ world'sattention to protectingthe world。

A.a;a

B.a;/

C.a;the

D.the;/

解析:考查冠词、第一空为泛指,指“一个更加干净得世界”;第二空world 前通常用定冠词。

答案:C

16。We work together toachieve our common purpose:________world that is safer,cle anerandhealthierthan ________onewe found.

A.the;the B.a;/ C.a;the D.the;/

解析:考查冠词得用法。第一空表示泛指,用不定冠词;第二空后面由wefound限定,表特指,用定冠词。

答案:C

17.(2012·青州模拟)Manylifestyle patterns do such________ great harm to health that they actuallyspeed up________weakening of the human body、

A.a;/B、/;the C.a;theD./;/

解析:句意为:很多生活方式对身体健康就是很有害得,实际上它们能加快体质变弱。do harm to。。、为固定短语,意为“对……有害”;第二空为特指得用法,即特指体质变弱,故用定冠词the、

答案:B

18.(2012·深圳调研)There are over 58,000 rocky objectsin ________space,about 900 of which could fall down onto________ earth。

A。the;the B./;the C、the;/ D、a;the

解析:句意为:太空中有58 000颗星体,其中有900颗左右可能坠落到地球上。第一空in space“在太空”,固定用法,类似用法还有innature,insociety 等;第二空表示地球,独一无二得事物前须加定冠词the,如the moon,the sun等,

答案:B

19、(2012·合肥联考)—What do you thinkabout ________dress in the shop window?

—Oh,it'sbeautiful。Youmaygive it to Lindaas________ birthday present、

A、a;a B.the;a C.a;theD、the;the

解析:考查冠词得用法。第一空表特指橱窗里得那一件,所以要用定冠词the;第二空泛指一件礼物,所以要用不定冠词、

答案:B

20、(2012·锦州一模)Itisclear that________little money theinvention willbring him can hardlysupportso large ________ company、

A、/;the B.a;the C.a;/ D、the;a

解析:考查冠词。句意为:很显然,这项发明带给她得不多得钱很难支撑如此庞大得一个公司。此题得关键在于hardly得暗示,说明钱不多或很少,用little 表示“少量得,不多得",后面又有定语从句修饰,故其前应加定冠词the;第二空处就是so+adj、+a+可数名词结构。

答案:D

三、代词复习及配套巩固练习

代词就是代替名词得一种词类。大多数代词具有名词与形容词得功能、英语中得代词,按其意义、特征及在句中得作用分为:人称代词、物主代词、指示代词、自身代词、相互代词、疑问代词、关系代词与不定代词八种。

1.人称代词不仅仅指人,也可以指事或物、

2。人称代词主格单数he,she与it得复数,都就是they,宾格形式也相同,为them。

3、第三人称得人称代词分阳性he(him),阴性she(her)与中性it(it),复数只有一个形式they(them)

不分性别、

4。选用什么人称代词,取决于所要代替得名词。在数与性上要与所代替得名词保持一致。

2.物主代词

物主代词就是用来表示所有关系得,分为形容词性物主代词与名词性物主代词两种。形容词性物主代词放在名词前作定语,相当于形容词;名词性物主代词相当于“形容词性物主代词+名词”,相当于名词,可以作主语、表语或宾语。

(1)形容词性物主代词放在名词前作定语。例如:

Hi s p encil box is on the des k、

T his is ou r school 。

(2)名词性物主代词作名词用

本身就相当于“形容词性物主代词+名词",因此,后面不可再加名词。

作主语:

Rich ar d’s school ba g is bl ue and mi ne i s blac k、 里查德得书包就是蓝色得,我得书包就是黑色得。(mine =my sch oo l bag)

作表语:

It’s his 。 这就是她得(东西)。

作宾语:

He bo rrows yo ur d ictiona ry and you may borro

w mi ne 、 她借您得字典,您可以借我得、(作及物动词得宾语)

“of+名词性物主代词”可以放在名词后作定语

,表示强调:

He is a fr iend of mine 、 她就是我得一个朋友。

·注意:

试比较下面两句句子:

This is a photo of mine. 这就是我得一张照片、(照片就是我拥有得,但不一定照得就是我本人)

This i s a photo of me。 这就是一张我本人得照片。(照片上就是我本人)

3. 反

身代词 反身代词用于所强调得动作与动作执行者得关系,强调主语或宾语为同一人或物。

反身代词得形式:

反身代词得用法:

4、指示代词

(一)指示代词就是具有指示概念得代词

this 这; that 那; the se 这些; tho se 那些;

(二)指示代词得用法

1) t hi s(these)一般指时间与空间上较近得人或物,而that (t hose)常指时间与空间上较远得人或物。 e 、g、 This is a nove l and that i s a mag azine.

2)this(the se)一般指后面要讲到得事物,而tha t(those)常指前面讲到得事物。

e。g 。 What he t ol d m e is this:he wan

te d to go t o Beij ing、/ H e did n’t e。That is why he didn’t know 、

3)that, tho se 常用来指代前面提到过得某个名词、

e 。g、 The o il outpu t in 1998 wa s hig he r t han that o

f 1995.( th at 代替o il outpu t) /

The cars made in Ja pan ar e bett er than th os e in Ge rma ny.

5、 疑问代词

疑问代词得用法:

·注意:

1.Who 用于询问别人姓名,身份或关系。What 用于询问别人职业。

2.Which 指得物有范围限制,侧重于哪一个;What 指得物无范围限制,侧重于种类。

3.Whose 用于明确所有者,Whom在口语中,whom 多为who 代替、

反意问句考点分析:????????????

1、祈使句得反意问句;

2、Ithink+宾语从句得反意问句;

3、主从复合句得反意问句;

4、表示判断得情态动词构成得反意疑问句。

考题点击:

1、I don’t suppose anyone will volunteer, _______?(01 上海) (C)

A. do I ?

B. don’tI

C. willthey?

D. won'tthey

2、Brian told you that therewasn’t anyone inthe room at that (C) time,________? (02上海春季)

A。was thereB。wasn’tthere C。didn't he D。did he

3、There is no light in the dormitory.They must have gonetothe lecture, _______?(04上海春季)(D)

A。didn't they B、don't theyC、mustn't they D. haven't they

4、-—- Alice, you feed the bird today, _________?(B)

-—-But I fed ityesterday。(99NMET)

A。doyou B、will you C、didn’tyou?D。don'tyou

1、祈使句得反意疑问句:

Don’t do that again,willyou??Go withme, will you / won’t you ?

Let’sgoand listen to the music, shallwe??Let us wait for you inthe readi

ng-room, will you

2. Ithink(believe, suppose, expect)+宾语从句得反意问句,附加疑问部分则往往与从句中得主

语与谓语动词保持对应关系,但要注意否定得转移。

I suppose that he’s serious isn'the?

I don’t thinkshe cares, does she?

3。主从复合句得反意问句;附加疑问部分一般应与主句得主语与谓语动词保持对应关系。

She saysthat I didit,doesn’tshe??I told them noteverybody could do it , didn't I?

6。不定代词

不就是指明代替任何特定名词得代词叫不定代词。常见得不定代词有all, both, each, every, s ome, any,many, much,(a)few, (a)little, one,ones, either, neither, other, another, no,n one以及含有some—,any-, no-等得合成代词(如:anybody,something, no one)。这些不定代词大都可以代替名词与形容词,在句子中作主语、宾语、表语与定语。但none与由some, any, no, ev

ery thing,-body,—one构成得复合不定代词(如somebody等)只能作主语、宾语与表语;而ever y与no只能作定语。

不定代词得形式:

不定代词得用法:

(1)one与ones

A.用来指人或物,表示“一个”(泛指)

One shouldalways be ready to help others.

Oneshould bestrictwith oneself.

One of my friends came to visitme.

B.用来代替上文出现过得名词,以免重复。

I haven't a pen。Can you lendmeone?

The questionis a plicatedone.

My shoes are similar to theones youhadon yesterday。

(2)both, either,neither(都就是指两者)

A.both:“两者都”,表示肯定,在句中可作主语,宾语,定语,同位语.

Bothstoriesare true、两种说法都对。

Bothofthem are goodat swimming、

These two movies are very interesting、Ilike both。

I wish bothof you well.

She haseaten both cakes。

Bothmachines canworkwell、

They bothlove dancing、

They were both college students、

B.either:“两者中得任何一个”

Eitheroftheanswers isright.两个答案中有一个就是正确得、

Either of the plan isequally dangerous。两个计划中任何一个都就是同等危险、

Theyare experienced teachers。Youcan ask either of them forhelp、

Here aretwo tickets。You cantakeeither of them。

Eithe r proposal willhave my support。两个提案我都支持.

I believe either method willwork.

C.neither,两个都不,两者中没有一个,全部否定。

Neither ofthechoices isright。

I likeneither. (I don’t likeeither。)

Neither game is i nteresting。

(3)all:所有得,一切,指三者以上,可修饰可数或不可数名词

Hehas writtenfive novelsand all ofthemare good.(主语)

Nowall has change. (不可数)

All roadsl ead to Rome。(定语)

Allhope has gone、

They allhavetheir troubles。(同位语)

Weareall students.

That’s all. (表语),就这些。

(4)each, every

every, each:都有“每一个"得意思,但each 可指两个或两个以上得人或物,而every 只能指三个或三个以上得人或物、every 就是形容词,只能作定语,而each可以作代词与形容词, 因此既可作定语,也可作主语或同位语、each 作主语得同位语时,主语与谓语动词均为复数。例如:

Eachof us has gotanew book。

Everystudent isdoing his best at school、

Each ofthestudents has a puter. (强调个体)

Each /Every studenthasa dictionary. (强调全体)

Every door is locked。

Oneach sideof theroadare the high trees、

(5)some: “一些,某些,"多用于肯定句

any:“任何一个”, 多用于否定句,疑问句与条件句中。

I have somewords tosay、

They don’t know anything.

Is thereany waterintheglass?

(6)none: “没有一个”(指三者以上得全部否定)

no: 没有,后面必须接名词,相当于一个形容词,(no=notany)

None of themknow(s) English。

None of us are/isafraid of difficulties、

No one is here、

Noplane is 100%safe、

No students come to school on weekends.

I havenotime

other:泛指“别得、其她得",后面接+名词,

the other: 特指,两个中得另一个。

(7)another: 泛指,指同类中(三个或三个以上)得“另一个",就是指不确定得另一个、

others: 泛指“其她人或物”(不一定就是其余得全部)

otherwaysof doing it、做这事还有其她得办法、?Where have the other students gone?其她学生都到哪里去了?

There are fiftystudents in our class,twenty of us are from the city, twoof us are from Dafeng,the others are fromthecountryside、

Givemeanother(one)。另外给我一个。

Others (=Other people) may not think thatway。别得人可能不这样想

He is cleverer than the others(theother students)in herclass

the others:剩余得全部,特指范围内得另一些(范围总数通常多于两个)

辨析:

Many,much都意为”许多”,many + 可数名词,much+ 不可数名词。?How many people arethere at the meeting??How much time hasweleft??Manyof the workers were at the meeting。?Muchof the timewas spenton learning.

one… the other 只有两个,She hastwodaughters, one isanurse, the otherisateacher

some… others,others…,Afterclass, some studentsare playing chess, someare singing, others are playing

basketball onthe playground.

some… theothers有三个以上,

one… another,another…?others =other people

(8) anyone 与any one ?anyone仅指人,不与of连用;anyone既可指人,也可指物。

(9) no one与none

a) none后跟of短语,既可指人又可指物,而no one 只单独使用,只指人。

b) none 作主语,谓语动词用单,复数均可,而no one作主语,谓语动词只能就是单数。

None of you couldliftit。您们中没有人可举起它。?-——- Did any onecall me up just now?-—--Noone.

(10) none 与nothing

none只指量,指所指得一类人或物中一个都没有;

nothing 泛指,什么东西都不存在、后面不接of 短语。

如:--—Are thereany eggs inthe fridge?

—-- None。Infact,there is nothing inthe fridge、

归纳

表示“全部”:两者用both,三者以上用all;

表示“全无":两者用neither,三者以上用none或no one;

表示“任一”:两者用either,三者以上用any。

7、It 得用法

1) it作人称代词,代替前面提到得事物.

---Who is the baby?-It’s my teacher’sson、

2) it指代时间,季节,距离。

It’shalf an hour's walk from here to our school.

It’s nice and warmhere.But it’stwo o'clocknow, andit's time forus togotoschool.

3)it作形式主语,代替由不定式、动名词或从句表示得真正主语。

It’s important for us tolearn a secondlanguage。

It's nouse talkingto him./

It’s known to all thattheearth goes round thesun。

4) it作形式宾语,代替由不定式、动名词或从句表示得真正宾语。

We feel it our duty to help others。

He made itclear that he would leavethecity。

5) 用于强调结构:It is (was) +被强调部分+that(或who)…

注意:在强调结构中,如被强调部分为时间状语或地点状语,其后得连接词也绝不能为when where,而应用that。在复习中,一定要注意句式得不同。

Itwas in Shanghai thatI bought the guitar.(that引起强调句)

It was ShanghaiwhereIboughtthe guitar。(where引起定从)

It was twelve o'clockwhen we arrived there。(when引起时间状语从句)

It wasattwelveo'clockthatwearrived there。(that引起强调句)

8.it,one,that 得区别:作为代词,这三个词得对比使用就是高考得热点之一、

-—-Why don’t wetake alittle break??—--Didn't we justhave __________?

A.it?B.that C.one?D.this

NMET2001,25.

The Parkersbought anew house but_________willneed a lotof work before they can move in、

A.theyB.it ?C。one D.which

one用以指代同类事物中得任一,that特指性强,指代可数与不可数词,而it指代上文提过得同

事物。

高考语法通关

1.(2012·南京调研)Iwould appreciate________ ,to be frank,ifgoodscouldbe deliveredas soonaspossible.

A、you B。this C.it D。myself

解析:考查代词。此处it 作形式宾语,代替后面得“ifgoods could be delivered as soon aspossible”。to be frank为插入语、

答案:C

2、When________esto savingenergy,bigchangesstart with smallst eps,like turning off the lights.

A、that B。this C.itD。one

解析:考查代词用法。when it comes to (doing)sth、就是固定结构,表示“当涉及某事(或做某事)时”。句意为:当提到节能得时候,大变化从细微得行动开始,比如随手关灯、

答案:C

3。(2012·徐州联考)This youngman is very clever;hemay be ________ Edison.

A、theone B.the otherC、anotherD、one

解析:考查代词。句意为:这个年轻人很聪明,她可能成为另一个爱迪生。another 另一个,这里就是一种对比,强调这个年轻人得聪明、

答案:C

4、Neither side is preparedtotalk to________ unless we can smooth thingsover betwee nthem。

A、others B.the other C。another D。oneother

解析:句意为:除非我们能消除她们之间得矛盾,否则她们两人都不打算与对方讲话。others 没有范围,指别人;another 没有范围,指另一个;theother指两者中得另一方,根据关键词neither (两者都不)。

答案:B

5.(2012·武汉质检)You are a team star!Working with________ is really yourcup oftea、

A。both B.either C.othersD.the other

解析:句意为:您就是队里得明星!与别人一起工作得确就是您得所爱。本题考查代词。both与either 指两者,首先被排除;theother有范围限定,意为“其余得”,而题干中没有范围与数量限制,故也被排除。ot hers意为“其她得、另外得或别得人或事物"

答案:C

6.(2012·芜湖模拟)—Which one can Itake?

—Youcantake ________of them;I'll keep none。

A。bothB。any C.either D.all

解析:句意:——我能拿哪一个?——您可以全拿走,我一个也不留。根据I’ll keep none、可知,有三个或三个以上得东西,而且可以全部拿走,所以选D、

答案:D

7.(2012·温州模拟)—Howdo youusuallykeep in touch with yourfriends,byemail or letter?

-________ 、I use telephoneonly、

A、None

B、Neither C。Any D。Either

解析:考查不定代词。句意为“—-您通常就是如何与朋友保持联系得,发邮件还就是写信?—-都不就是,我只用电话联系。”neither 表示“两者都不”,none 表示“三者(及以上)都不”,either表示“两者中任一",any

表示“三者(及以上)任一”,据语意选B项。

答案:B

8. Therearetwo roads leadingto the power station along the river、You can take ________ of theroads。

A.either B、bothC、neither D.all

解析:考查代词得用法、句意为:沿着这条河有两条路通向那座发电站。您走两条路中得任何一条都可以到达、根据句意,这里应该就是“两者选一”,故B、C与D项不正确。either 指“两者中得任意一个”、

答案:A

9、(2012·苏州一模)They all wanted to stopworking because they werevery tired,but ________of them would say so。

A、any B。some C、noneD、neither

解析:本题考查代词。句意为:她们都想停止工作,因为她们太累了,但就是又没有人愿意说出来。根据all 可知她们指三者或三者以上,表示三者及三者以上得全部否定应该用none。

答案:C

10.(2012·贵州检测)The number5·12 is aspecial number,________,Ithink,thatwill be remembered by the Chinese people forever。

A、whatB、it C.which D.one

解析:考查代词。该句中one指代前面提到得a special number,其实one及其定语从句与前面得a spe cialnumber 就是同位语关系,I think 在句中可作插入语,所以选D项。

答案:D

11、When I moved to anew munity,Ifoundit different from________I had stayed inbefore。

A。one B.that C.it D。the one

解析:考查代词。语意表示这个新社区与“我”先前住得那个社区不同,因为空处与前面得munity 就是同类事物,所以用one代指;同时空后有定语修饰,表特定指代,所以要加the,故选the one。

答案:D

12.(2012·福州联考)—Which of the booksdid you like?

—________ofthem!Theywere bothdull、

A.Neither

B.Either C。Both D、None

解析:考查代词。语意:——您喜欢哪本书?——都不喜欢!两本都很枯燥、根据答句中得信息词“both”可知有两本书,故选Neither表示“二者都不”,因此A项正确。

答案:A

13.It is reported thattwoschools, ________ofwhich arebeing built in my hometo wn, will open next year。

A、all B.both C、noneD.neither

解析:考查代词。语意:据报道,我得家乡正在建设得两所学校将于明年投入使用、根据前面得two schools,可知表示两者,故排除A、C两项;再结合语意可知表示肯定。故B项正确。

答案:B

14。—If I had come here a minuteearlier, I could have bought the shoes at a discount int his store、

-Don't worry、Let’s go to ________store、

A.one other

B.the otherC。another D、oneanother

解析:考查代词。根据语意可知此处表示不定数量中得一家商店,故用another。

答案:C

15。(2012·重庆调研)He said ________was lost, but he didn'tsay what it was.

A、something B。anything C.nothing D。everything

解析:考查代词、语意:她说有什么东西丢了,但没说就是什么。根据语意可知用something。

答案:A

16、(2012·日照模拟)I prefer a collegeinBeijing to________in Shanghai,because I like theclimate in Beijing。

A.oneB、that C.it D.this

解析:考查代词。one代替同名异物得可数名词单数,此处指代前面提到得acollege,故选A。

答案:A

17.(2012·连云港联考)Theweather today in Beijingis much betterthan________ in Shanghai.

A、that

B、one C.itD。what

解析:考查代词、语意:今天北京得天气比上海得好得多、用that代替The weather,避免重复,其她三项均无此用法。

答案:A

18.(2011·安庆检测)How can Ihelp ________ if people justdon't follow myadvice?

A.that B、it C.what D。them

解析:考查代词。语意:如果人们不听从我得建议,我有什么办法呢?此处it表示“人们不听从我得建议”这种情况。

答案:B

19.(2012·温州月考)They found________ difficult that they wouldfinish theirwork in two days。

A、this B.that C、it D.one

解析:考查代词。此处it作形式宾语,从句“that theywould finish their work in twodays"为真正得宾语。

答案:C

20。(2012·郑州模拟)Hesaved allthefish for his children andnever tasted________himself、

A、each B.none C、any D.either

解析:考查代词。语意:她把鱼都留给孩子们,自己一点儿都没有尝、根据语意可知此处表示“任何一个,任何一些”,故any正确。

完整版初中英语语法大全知识点总结

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初中英语语法知识—动词的全集汇编含解析(1)

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初中英语语法大全

初中英语语法大全 最牛英语口语培训模式:躺在家里练口语,全程外教一对一,三个月畅谈无阻!太平洋英语,免费体验全部外教一对一课程:https://www.360docs.net/doc/7f10483909.html, 1 (see 、hear 、notice 、find 、feel 、listen to 、 look at (感官动词)+do eg:I like watching monkeys jump 2 (比较级 and 比较级)表示越来越怎么样 3 a piece of cake =easy 小菜一碟(容易) 4 agree with sb 赞成某人 5 all kinds of 各种各样 a kind of 一样 6 all over the world = the whole world 整个世界 7 along with同……一道,伴随…… eg : I will go along with you我将和你一起去 the students planted trees along with their teachers 学生同老师们一起种树 8 As soon as 一怎么样就怎么样 9 as you can see 你是知道的 10 ask for ……求助向…要…(直接接想要的东西) eg : ask you for my book 11 ask sb for sth 向某人什么 12 ask sb to do sth 询问某人某事 ask sb not to do 叫某人不要做某事 13 at the age of 在……岁时 eg:I am sixteen I am at the age of sixteen 14 at the beginning of …… ……的起初;……的开始 15 at the end of +地点/+时间最后;尽头;末尾 eg : At the end of the day 16 at this time of year 在每年的这个时候 17 be /feel confident of sth /that clause +从句感觉/对什么有信心,自信 eg : I am / feel confident of my spoken English I feel that I can pass the test 18 be + doing 表:1 现在进行时 2 将来时 19 be able to (+ v 原) = can (+ v 原)能够…… eg : She is able to sing She can sing 20 be able to do sth 能够干什么 eg :she is able to sing 21 be afraid to do (of sth 恐惧,害怕…… eg : I'm afraed to go out at nigh t I'm afraid of dog 22 be allowed to do 被允许做什么 eg: I'm allowed to watch TV 我被允许看电视 I should be allowed to watch TV 我应该被允许看电视 23 be angry with sb 生某人的气 eg : Don't be angry with me 24 be angry with(at) sb for doing sth 为什么而生某人的气 25 be as…原级…as 和什么一样 eg : She is as tall as me 她和我一样高 26 be ashamed to 27 be away from 远离 28 be away from 从……离开 29 be bad for 对什么有害 eg : Reading books in the sun is bad for your eyes 在太阳下看书对你的眼睛不好 30 be born 出生于 31 be busy doing sth 忙于做什么事 be busy with sth 忙于…… 32 be careful 当心;小心33 be different from…… 和什么不一样 34 be famous for 以……著名 35 be friendly to sb 对某人友好 36 be from = come from 来自 eg :He is from Bejing He comes from Bejing Is he from Bejing ? Does he come from Bejing ? 37 be full of 装满……的 be filled with 充满 eg: the glass is full of water the glass is filled with water 38 be glad+to+do/从句 39 be going to + v(原)将来时 40 be good at(+doing) = do well in 在某方面善长, 善于…… 41 be good for 对什么有好处 eg : Reading aloud is good for your English 42 be happy to do 很高兴做某事 43 be helpful to sb 对某人有好处 eg : Reading aloud is helpful to you 大声朗读对你有好处 Exercising is helpful to your bady 锻炼对你的身体有好处

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初中英语语法知识—名词的全集汇编含答案解析

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初中英语语法大全(必备)

初中英语语法大全(必备)

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初中生中考必须掌握的英语语法大汇总

语法知识是在掌握一定量的单词和短语的基础上才能获得的。因此,单词的形态变化是语法学习的基础之基础。而九种基本时态和含有不复杂的状语从句及宾语从句的复合句是初中生学习的重点也是语法学习的难点。 总之,语法部分是英语学习的重点和难点。语法知识掌握得好,将大大加快英语学习的进程。本文帮大家归纳了词法、九种基本时态以及初中生需要掌握五种基本从句,希望对广大中学生有所帮助。 1词法 ▊ 1.名词 1.1 名词的可数与不可数 可数名词指表示的人或事物可以用数来计量,它有单数与复数两种形式。不可数名词指所表示的事物不能用数来计量。物质名词与抽象名词一般无法用数目,来统计,都成为不可数名词。 不可数名词前一般不能用冠词a、an来表示数量,没有复数形式。要表示“一个……”这一概念,就须加a piece of这一类短语。要注意许多名词在汉语里看来是可数名词,在英语里却不可数。如:chalk,paper,bread,rice,grass,news等。 1.2 名词复数的规则变化 A.一般情况下加-s。 B.以s, x, ch, sh, 结尾的加-es C.以辅音字母加y结尾的改y为i再加-es D.以f,fe结尾的,去掉f或fe,变成v再加-es 1.3 名词的所有格 A.单数名词词尾加’s,复数名词词尾若没有s,也要加’s。 如:the worker's bike,the Children’ s ball

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初中英语语法知识—名词的全集汇编附答案(1)

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