《画家画天空,背后有科学》阅读附答案
《画家画天空，背后有科学》阅读附答案
画家画天空，背后有科学
爱德华·蒙克的《呐喊》中，天空充满了红色的颜料，它们像一大块黏糊的东西，看起来如此沉重，似乎即将冲压下来。这夸张的色彩也许不是画家的随意泼墨，美国得克萨斯州立大学物理学家唐纳德·奥尔森在《天空和望远镜》杂志中指出，蒙克画中的红色天空，也许是一种自然现象。
那些传世画作往往反映了真实的气候环境情况。希腊气象局科学家赫里斯托斯·泽雷弗斯所带领的科研小组也做了类似的研究。他们搜集了554幅日落油画和水彩画。这些画作分别出自181位著名画家之手，其中包括法国印象主义画家德加、奥地利画家克里姆特、荷兰画家伦勃朗、德国宫廷画师鲁本斯等。最后把他们的研究论文发表于《大气化学与物理》杂志上。该论文分析了16世纪以来554幅描绘日落景象的名画中红绿两色的使用频率，结果表明，在过去的100年中，大气中的悬浮颗粒物浓度一直呈上升趋势。他们认为，由自然原因和人为原因造成的大气中粉尘含量上升，会阻碍阳光进入大气层，导致全球暗化。
英国伯明翰大学气象学家约翰·托宁多年来也一直在苦心研究各个时期英格兰各地的天气状况，他意外发现莫奈旅居伦敦期间的作品为他留下了宝贵的资料。莫奈创作于那时期的画作中，展现了阳光在泰晤士河上跳跃闪耀，天空呈现出奇异的色彩变化。约翰·托宁想到，这些丰富的颜色并非出于莫奈头脑中的艺术幻想，而来自于真实的伦敦生活。那漫天黄色，应是高硫含量的煤燃烧后烟尘和硫酸盐颗粒散布到空气中，成为水蒸气的凝结所致，在此条件下形成的雾霾比自然形成的雾更为持久。比较巧合的是，狄更斯在反映英国工业革命时期的小说《雾都孤儿》中也写道：“在城市边缘地带，雾是深黄色的。靠里一点儿，是棕色的。再靠里一点儿，棕色再深一些。直到商业区的中心地带，雾是赭黑色的。”
科学家并且还去做了验证，选取莫奈1898—1900年间创作的9幅作品，结合他同一时期的信件和日记，与美国海军天文台的数据对比。令他们惊叹的是，莫奈身为艺术家，却如同科学研究者一样，一丝不苟地记录了创作日期及太阳所处的位置，绝无臆造。所以印象派大师的确是非常可信地用手中画笔将伦敦当年的绝世光影留存于世。不过印象派大师的绚丽色彩，可能来自PM10之类的大气污染物，想到这点不免让人有点沮丧。
（节选自《北京青年报》2015年1月23日，入选本试卷时，有删改）
8、下列对文中画线句中“沮丧”的原因的解说最恰当的一项是（）
A、蒙克的《呐喊》中，天空充满了红色的颜料，它们像一大块黏糊糊的东西，看起来如此沉重。
B、日落油画和水彩画中红绿两色的使用频率随着大气中粉尘含量的上升而上升。
C、莫奈画作中那漫天黄色实为高硫含量的煤燃烧后的烟尘和硫酸盐颗粒散布到空气中形成的雾霾。
D、原先人们对印象派大师作品艺术特色的认识可能是错误的，而且PM10之类大气污染物早已有之，这不免让人有些失落。
9、下列说法不符合原文意思的一项是（）
A、科学家的研究证明，一些著名画家笔下夸张的色彩，一定程度上是大气
污染等自然现象
的真实呈现。
B、约翰·托宁多年来对英格兰各个时期各地的天气状况的苦心研究取得突破性进展，一开始就得益于他对莫奈旅居伦敦期间的作品的研究。
C、研究者认为，大气中的悬浮颗粒物浓度呈上升趋势能导致全球暗化，不过并非都由人为原因造成。
D、艺术家莫奈对创作日期及太阳所处位置的客观记录，与美国海军天文台同期的数据相比，相当客观。
10.作家狄更斯与画家对天空雾气的描绘趋同的原因是什么?谈谈你的理解。（3分）
8．答案：D（“沮丧”是“灰心、失望”的意思。根据语境，画线句应是紧承上文对“印象派大师的确是非常可信地用手中画笔将伦敦当年的绝世光影留存于世”一句的转折，A、B、C三项说得都较片面，只有D项的解释最全面。）9．答案：B（文中未提及约翰·托宁因对莫奈旅居伦敦期间的作品的研究而使其对天气状况的研究取得了突破性的进展，也不是说一开始就研究莫奈作品的。）
10．①当时的工业革命导致污染加重。②艺术作品是客观现实的反映，艺术家忠实于生活。（写出一点给1分，两点给3分）
搜集整理仅供参考
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上海市中考英语英语任务型阅读理解专题练习(附答案) 一、英语任务型阅读 1．根据短文内容，完成问题。 Pakistani girl Malala Yousafzai is the youngest ever to win the Nobel Peace Prize. She has become the voice of girls throughout the world. Born in Swat Valley in Pakistan in 1997, Malala lived a quiet life until 2009, when the Taliban(塔利班), an Islamic organization of violence(暴力) took control of her village. ① . They believed educating girls was against Islam. But Malala didn't agree. She wouldn't give up her education and kept going to school. ② "What is wrong with us girl students? We want all girls to get their schools back," she wrote. Her hard work encouraged many young girls in Swat Valley. ③ On Oct.9, 2012, when Malala was taking a bus home, a Taliban man got on the bus with a gun in his hand. A bullet immediately hit her in the face. Luckily, the shot didn't kill her. She was taken to a hospital in the UK. The shot didn't kill her courage, either. ④ Her courage made her famous. She has spoken at the United Nations, met world leaders and written a book named I Am Malala. OnOct.10, 2013, the EP awarded Malala the top human rights prize. They said," She is an icon(符号) of courage for all teenagers who dare to follow their aspirations(愿望)." ①________②________③________④________ （2）What may be the best title for this passage? A. Dreans of peace B. A gun shot in Pakistan C. Voice of courage D. Education rights for girls 【答案】（1）B；D；A；C （2）C 【解析】【分析】主要讲了巴基斯坦女孩尤萨夫扎伊是有史以来获得诺贝尔和平奖最年轻的人。她不放弃教育，一直学习，她的艰辛工作鼓励着许多女孩，已成为全世界女孩勇气的声音。 （1）A. However, her actions also put her in danger.然而，她的行为也使她处于危险之中。 B. They stopped girls from getting an education.他们阻止女孩接受教育。 C. Now she is still calling for education rights for girls.现在她仍在呼吁女孩享有受教育的权利。 D. And she started to write a blog against the Taliban.她开始写一篇反对塔利班的博客。 ①根据后句They believed educating girls was against Islam.可知他们认为教育女孩是违背伊
必备英语任务型阅读专项练习题及答案详解
必备英语任务型阅读专项练习题及答案详解 一、英语任务型阅读 1．阅读下面短文，回答问题。 There are some things that are almost impossible to say to our close friends — especially if we want （A） them to be our friends for life. Are you wondering what problems others have? "I can't stand your other friends." （B）My best friend, Kate, sometimes hangs out with some people that I really don't like. I think they have a bad influence on her, and she only spends time with them because they are "cool". Could you tell me if I should bring the matter up with her, or if it would be better for me to keep quiet? I don't want to lose her as a friend. — Linda "I won't help you cheat." My closest friend, Kim, has lost interest in school and studying. He says he's bored with the whole thing, so he often asks me whether I'll let him copy my homework. By now I've said no, but he keeps asking me. I told him, "I think we'll get in trouble." but he just laughed and told me not to worry. I don't want to put my grades at risk, but I'm afraid to face my friend about this, so I just keep avoiding the topic. How can I get him to stop asking? I was wondering if you could give me some suggestions for dealing with my problem. — Mike "No, I CAN'T do that for you!" Anna is my best friend. We get along with each other well, but she is asking me to do things for her all the time. "Could you help me pick out some new clothes? Would you mind if I borrowed your bike? Can you look after my apartment while I'm away?" And these are just a few examples. I've said yes so many times that now I'm afraid I'll hurt her feelings if I say no. Any ideas? — Amy （1）从文中找出（A）处划线单词 them 所指代的内容。 （2）从文中找出与 "I was thinking whether you could help me out with your suggestions." 意思相同或相近的句子。 （3）将文中（B）处划线句子My closest friend, Kim, has lost interest in school and studying.翻译成汉语。 （4）根据上下文，补全句子。 Kate only spends time with some people that Linda really doesn't like because________. （5）回答问题。What does Kim often want to do? （6）完成任务。Please give Amy ONE idea. 【答案】（1）close friends （2）I was wondering if you could give me some suggestions for dealing with my problems.（3）我最亲密的朋友Kim已经对学校和学习失去了乐趣。 （4）they are cool （5）He often wants to copy my homework. （6）You should communicate with her.
中考英语任务型阅读理解专项练习题及答案
任务型阅读理解专练 （3） A Page From Li Meng’s Diary Thursday, January 23 Sunny Today I was so happy to know that I did quite well in my last week’s science exam. Thanks to Daniel, he taught me a new way of going over lessons. It is called “map idea”. Because of the map idea, I’ve learned how to find out the main idea in every lesson. And in my mind I can draw a map of all the important knowledge I need to remember. It’s really good. I can remember so much in that way. I never thought of changing the way of my study before. I was always complaining about my poor memory, but now my memory has become good because of the map idea. It made my study much easier and more enjoyable. I realized learning how to learn well is the most important for us students. 96. There was a science exam in Li Meng’s class . 97. Daniel taught Li Meng a good way to study. That is . 98. Li Meng complain about his bad memory. 99. Li Meng has learned a new way of lessons. 100. It is the most important how to learn well. （4） Dear Miss Li, I’d like to thank you for sending money to “Animal Helpers”,an organization set up to help diabled people.For sure you have helped make it possible for me to have "Lucky", who has filed my life with pleasure. “Lucy” is a specialy trained dog for the disabled.It is a good name for him because I feel very lucky to have him. Being blind, deaf, unable to use my hands easily are the challenges I face. "Lucky" helps me open and shut the doors,even answer the telephone.He cheers me up a lot. I’l send you a photo of him if you like,and Icould show you how he helps me too one day.And I thank you again for supporting "Animal Helpers". It is important that this organization does not run out of money. Your donation is greatly appreciated and the money is well used to help disabled people like me. Best wishes, Liz Smith 71.Liz Smith is a__________man who is__________to see or hear. 72."Lucky" is the__________of a specialy__________dog. 73."Animal Helpers" is an organization that was__________up to__________the disabled. 74.Liz Smith will__________Miss Lia a photo of the dog and__________her how "Lucky" helps him. 75.LizSmith wrote this letter to__________Miss Li for her__________to Animal Helpers. （5）