英语科技文翻译
65Mn钢锯齿激光淬火的组织和硬度研究The Laser-quenching Texture and Hardness Research of 65-Mn Steel Sawtooth
摘要：使用Nd:YAG脉冲激光器对65Mn钢锯齿进行表面强化，研究了不同激光淬火工艺参数对表面硬化层的影响。使用光学显微镜和维氏硬度计对不同激光淬火工艺条件下的试样进行显微组织分析和硬度测试。结果表明：各组试样均完全淬透，激光淬火后组织全部为马氏体，试样硬度均显剧提升。其中1号工艺参数淬火区硬度分布均匀，硬度为60HRC，满足生产要求。
Abstract: In this study, the effect of different laser-quenching craft parameters on the surface hardened case of 65-Mn steel sawtooth was strengthened using Nd:YAG pulsed laser. Samples under diverse laser-quenching conditions were analyzed the microstructure and tested the hardness, exploiting optical microscope and Vickers. The results indicated that all groups of samples are absolutely quenched, all tissues are martensite, and their hardness is dramatically improved after they were quenched in the pulsed laser. Especially the hardness of the first craft parameters quenched area equably distribute, which is 60 HRC, fitting productive request.
引言：
65M钢是一种强度较高，具有一定韧性和塑性的合金钢，其广泛应用于生产金属冷切圆锯片。随着我国冶金工业的发展，用于切割各种型材的圆锯片需求量也剧增，因此提高国产65Mn钢锯片的质量变得尤为重要。结合锯片的服役条件，锯片失效由刃部表面的擦伤逐渐演变为疲劳裂纹扩展源，同时也发生着刻画磨损和粘着磨损，因此冶金锯片的硬度和抗磨损能力是关系到锯片使用寿命的关键性能指标。为了提高65Mn钢的性能，相关研究者在工艺上做了一些探索，冯旭东等研究了淬火工艺对65Mn钢组织及硬度的影响。传统提高65Mn钢锯片性能的方法多数采用热处理方式，虽然其性能得到提升，但传统的热处理存在工艺繁琐，生产周期长，淬火冷却效果不佳，以及变形、硬度分布不均匀等问题。因此有必要改进处理方式来提高65Mn钢锯片的性能。
Introduction: 65Mn steel is widely applied to produce metal cold
cutting circular saw blade, which is a kind of alloy steel with high strength, plasticity, tenacity. With the rapid development of domestic metallurgy industry, the quantity demand of rounded saw blade used to cut various kind of material is quickly increased. Thus it is essential to improve the quality of domestic 65Mn hacksaw. According to the service condition of saw blade, the hardness and antifraying ability of metallurgy saw edge is vital performance index on its useful life. Because hacksaw failure forms are caused as edge surface scratch comes to become source of fatigue crack propagation, include also sculpture wear and adhesive wear.
In order to enhance the properties of 65Mn steel, relative researchers have done some exploration on craft. Fox example, Feng Xudong researched the effect of quenching craft on 65Mn steel texture and hardness.
The mostly traditional ways to boost the properties of 65Mn hacksaw are heat treatment ways, which can improve the strength, but conventional thermal treatment ways have a lot of deficiencies, such as complicated craft, long production phase, inferior quencher chilling efficiency, and asymmetrical deformation and hardness distribution. Therefore, it is justified without any exaggeration that it is necessary to optimize the ways to enhance 65Mn hacksaw properties.
激光相变硬化处理是一种具有良好前景的表面工程技术，与其它处理方式相比，激光表面处理工件具有较小的变形，易于实现自动化。而且激光处理是一种清洁能源，同时属于绿色制造，对环境的改善也具有重要的意义。在工业应用中激光表面硬化处理已经广泛用于提高工件的抗疲劳和摩擦磨损性能。激光相变原理包括：（1）通过高功率激光的作用增强钢表面温度达到奥氏体相变临界点以上；（2）基体的自冷却而实现快速冷却，不需要油水等冷却介质；（3）在保护气体下的自淬火等。陈卓君等对65Mn钢激光表面强化工艺参数进行了研究，得出当激光功率1200w，扫描速度20mm/s，光斑直径2.5mm，强化区的显微硬度达到最大值1670HV。黄永俊等对农机用65Mn钢预热处理后激光强化组织及性能进行了研究，他认为：激光强化组织有表层熔凝区（激光熔凝）、完全淬火、不完全淬火区、热影响区组成。许多研究者已经报道了关于不锈钢激光淬火，但是很少有人报道关于65Mn钢锯齿激光淬火。
Laser transformation hardening dispose is a promising surface engineering technology. Compared to other ways, work-piece treated in laser surface technology holds negligible deformation and is easily produced in automatic way. The laser dispose named green manufacturing is a kind of clean energy, which is significant to improve the environment. Laser surface transformation hardening dispose has been already widely applied to enhance the antifatigue and frictional wear properties of work-piece.
Laser phase transition principles include three points: (1) steel surface temperature beyond the temperature of austenite critical phase transition point by employing high power laser;(2) the fast cooling come true via basal-body cooling, and don’t need coolants such as oil ,water.(3)they can quench by themselves in protective air. Chen Zhuojun researched the parameter of 65Mn steel surface disposed in laser enhanced craft, who made conclusions that when laser power was 1200W, sweep speed was 20mm/s, spot diameter
was 1.5mm, the micro-hardness of enhanced area reached the maximum that was 1670HV.After studied the texture and properties of preheating 65Mn steel enhanced in laser, Huang Yongjun thought that the tissues were made of surface melted zone, complete laser-quenching field, incomplete laser-quenching area, heat effected zone. There were many researchers had reported the information that laser-quenching stainless steel, but few people issued the information that 65Mn laser-quenching hacksaw.
为了提高65Mn钢锯片的性能，获得良好的表面质量。采用激光淬火对试样进行处理，研究了不同激光淬火工艺参数对硬化层组织和硬度的影响，同时得出最佳工艺参数，用于指导生产实践。
In order to improve the properties of the hacksaw and achieve good surface equality, laser-quenching way was used in the experiment. The effect of different craft parameters on hardened case texture and hardness was researched, and the best craft parameters were gained, which could be put into practice.
科技文本的翻译
（一）科技英语特点和翻译原则 科技文本：科学专着、科学论文、科学报道、试验报告、技术规范、工程技术说明、科技文献以及科普读物等。 科技文本的特点：用词非常严谨，行文规范，注重客观；描述平易，一般不带感情色彩；准确，正式，逻辑严密。 1. 科技英语的词汇。 i. 普通词汇 ii．半专业词汇 半专业词所表达的意义根据不同的学科内容而定 .：1. pencil 光学中：光纤锥，射束 机械中：metal pencil 焊条 2. concentration
1）Electrode potential depends on the concentration of the irons.（浓度） 2) A concentration process is important now that the depletion of high grade ores is possible. (富集) iii．专业词汇 i.词义专一，构成呈多样化，前后词缀，如：auto-, a-, semi-,micro-等。 ii.外来词多 2.科技英语中长句较多, 汉译英时注意拆分 科技英语重表示某些复杂概念时用的长复合句大大多于一般英 语。长句特点是从句和短语多，同时兼有并列结构或省略，倒装顺序，结构显得复杂。但其所表达的科技内容严密性、准确性和逻辑性较强。 见4. . 3.科技英语专业术语性强，汉译英是强调术语翻译的正确性。 专业术语语义具有严谨性和单一性 平时阅读与所译材料同类的英文材料 给概念以约定俗成的译名 .：药品的“保存期”是“shelf life”而不是“storage period” 肺活量是“vital capacity”而不是“lung capacity” 科技英语重缩略语情况也比较多，需勤查相关专业词典或参考书，采用公认的缩略形式。
小议科技英语翻译技巧
小议科技英语翻译技巧 科技文体崇尚严谨周密，概念准确，逻辑性强，行文简练，重点突出，句式严整，少有变化，常用前置性陈述，即在句中将主要信息尽量前置，通过主语传递主要信息。科技文章文体的特点是：清晰、准确、精练、严密。那末，科技文章的语言结构特色在翻译过程中如何处理，这是进行英汉科技翻译时需要探讨的问题。现分述如下： 一、大量使用名词化结构 大量使用名词化结构（Nominalization）是科技英语的特点之一。因为科技文体要求行文简洁、表达客观、内容确切、信息量大、强调存在的事实。而非某一行为。 Archimedes first discovered the principle of displacement of water by solid bodies. 阿基米德最先发展固体排水的原理。 句中of displacement of water by solid bodies 系名词化结构，一方面简化了同位语从句，另一方强调displacement 这一事实。 The rotation of the earth on its own axis causes the change from day to night. 地球绕轴自转，引起昼夜的变化。 名词化结构the rotation of the earth on its own axis 使复合句简化成简单句，而且使表达的概念更加确切严密。 If you use firebricks round the walls of the boiler, the heat loss, can be considerably reduced. 炉壁采用耐火砖可大大降低热耗。 科技英语所表述的是客观规律，因之要尽量避免使用第一、二人称；此外，要使主要的信息置于句首。 Television is the transmission and reception of images of moving objects by radio waves. 电视通过无线电波发射和接受活动物体的图象。 名词化结构the transmission and reception of images of moving objects by radio waves 强调客观事实，而"谓语动词则着重其发射和接受的能力。 二、广泛使用被动语句 根据英国利兹大学John Swales 的统计，科技英语中的谓语至少三分之一是被动态。这是因为科技文章侧重叙事推理，强调客观准确。第一、二人称使用过多，会造成主观臆断的印象。因此尽量使用第三人称叙述，采用被动语态，例如：Attention must be paid to the working temperature of the machine.应当注意机器的工作温度。而很少说：You must pay attention to the working temperature of the machine .你们必须注意机器的工作温度。此外，如前所述，科技文章将主要信息前置，放在主语部份。这也是广泛使用被动态的主要原因。试观察并比较下列两段短文的主语。 We can store electrical energy in two metal plates separated by an insulating medium. We call such a device a capacitor, or a condenser, and its ability to store electrical energy capacitance .It is measured in farads. 电能可储存在由一绝缘介质隔开的两块金属极板内。这样的装置称之为电容器，
科技英语翻译的注意事项
科技英语翻译的注意事项(2008-04-22 22:03:31) 标签：文化分类：学习小记一、科技术语的汉译 术语是表示某一专门概念的词语，科技术语就是在科技方面表示某一专门概念的词语。因此翻译时要十分注意，不能疏忽。英语科技术语的特点是词义繁多，专业性强，翻译时必须根据专业内容谨慎处理，稍不注意就会造成很大的错误。如有的人把“the newly developed picture tub”(最新研制成功的显象管)错译为“新近被发展了画面管”；又有人把“a unique instant-picture system”(独特的瞬时显象装置)错译为“独快的图象系统”等等。再以“cassette”这个术语为例，它除了其他方面的意思之外，在录音磁带方面也还有两个意思：一为“装填式磁带盒”，一为“盒式磁带”。究竟应译为那个意思，要从上下文的具体意思去分析判断。如进口的收录两用机的使用说明书上有“checking the的cassette”和“to insert casstte”两个小标题，究竟应当怎么译呢?看来分别将其的译为“检查盒式磁带”和“装上盒式磁带”，要比分别译为“检查磁带盒”和“装上磁带盒”更好一些。 二、科技英语中倍数增减(包括比较)的汉译 科技英语中倍数增减句型究竟应当如何汉译，在我国翻译界中一直存在着争论，国内出版的一些语法书和工具书所持看法也不尽一致，这就影响了对这种句型的正确翻译。这个问题比较重要，数据上的一倍之差往往会造成不可估量的损失。同时，倍数增减这个问题，在科技英语中又是经常会遇到的。因此，其译法很有必要加以统一。以下是本人对这个问题的肤浅看法： 1、倍数增加的译法 英语中说“增加了多少倍”，都是连基数也包括在内的，是表示增加后的结果；而在汉语里所谓“增加了多少倍”，则只表示纯粹增加的数量。所以英语里凡表示倍数增加的句型，汉译时都可译成“是……的几倍”，或“比……增加(n-1)倍”。为了便于查阅，现将英语中表示倍数增加的一些表达法及其译法归纳如下： 例如： a The production of various stereo recorders has been increeased four times as against 1977.(各种立体声录音机的产量比1977年增加了三倍。) b The output of colour television receivers increased by a factor of 3 last year.(去年彩色电视接收机的产量增加了二倍。) 应当指出，有些书认为by后面的倍数是净增加的倍数，汉译时应译为“净增加多少倍的”，而不该减一倍。本人认为这种译法未必妥当，因为“by n times”的意思是“用n 数乘”。如15 increased by 5 times是15×5 = 75之意，75与15相比显然是增加了四
华北电力大学科技英语翻译汇总题库
2018<科技英汉互译教程>上篇期末考试范围 P.23例2 This type of spring is extensively used in electrical instruments, and deserves special consideration. 这种弹簧广泛应用于电工仪表中，因此值得专门考虑一下。 P.24 例3 If the reaction took hours, and not seconds, the fuel costs would be prohibitive. 如果这一反应要花费数小时，而不是几秒钟，燃料费就太高了。 例7 Keep the batteries in dry places, and electricity may not be made to leak away. （如果）把蓄电池放在干燥的地方，就不会漏电。 这种句式中，祈使句表示条件，and后面的句子表示结果，可译为“如果……，就……”，或者“……就”。 P.25例12 In other words mineral substances which are found on earth must be extracted by digging, boring holes, artificial explosions, or similar operations which make them available to us. 换言之，矿物就是存在于地球上，但须经过挖握、钻孔、人工爆破或类似作业才能获得的物质。 例14 The solar wind grossly distorts the earth's magnetic field, dragging it out to a long tail. 太阳风使地球磁场的形状发生很大的变化，将它向外拉牵，扯出一条长尾。 译文中将分词短语译成了动词并列式分句（或后续分句），即在一个主语下使用两个或两个以上的并列动词，用逗号隔开。 P.26 例17 The substitution of some rolling friction for sliding friction results in a very considerable reduction in friction. 用滚动摩擦代替滑动摩擦，会大幅度减少摩擦力。 例20 An understanding of the essential character of scientific investigation is best acquired from the study of a representative particular science. 要了解科学研究最本质的特点，最好是对特定的典型学科进行研究。 P.27 例23 The moon is a world that is completely and utterly dead, a sterile mountainous waste on which during the heat of the day the sun blazed down with relentless fury, but where during the long night the cold is so intense that it far surpasses anything ever experienced on the earth. 月球完全是一个毫无生气的世界，是一片多山的不毛之地。在酷热的白昼，太阳向它倾泻着无情的烈焰，而浸长的严寒却远远不是我们在地球上所能体验到的。 原句中含有4个分句：由关系代词that引导的定语从句，修饰a world；介词on+关系代词which引导的定语从句，修饰a world的同位语a sterile mountainous waste；关系副词where 引导的定语从句，也修饰a sterile mountainous waste；so…that引导的结果状语从句。 例24 Computing machines are essentially machines for recording numbers, operating with numbers, and giving the result in numerical form. 计算机本质上是一种记录数字、运算数字并给出数字结果的机器。
科技文翻译
Unlocking the Climate Puzzle Nonetheless, in1995, after years of intense study, the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change(IPCC), sponsored by the United Nations, concluded tentatively that “the balance of evidence suggests that there is a discernible human influence on global climate”. 然而，由联合国发起的政府间气候变化专门委员会，经过数年集中的研究，在1995年，初步得到了“对照所有证据表明，人类对全球气候有明显的影响”这个结论。 The amount of that influence, the group noted, is unknown because of “uncertainties in key factors”, including the degree to which clouds and the oceans affect the rate of temperature change. 该委员会同时提到，由于“关键因素的不确定性”，包括云层和海洋对温度变化率的影响程度，人类对全球气候的影响量是未知的。 It may take decade or more of additional research to resolve those uncertainties. 解决这些不确定因素可能需要十年乃至更长时间的额外研究。 1.What causes climate change? 是什么导致了气候变化？ 2.Weather is what happens outside your home this morning. 天气是这个早上出现在户外的自然现象。 3.Climate is what you can expect to happen outside during your 30-year mortgage. 气候是在30年内可以预测的发生在户外的自然现象
科技英语翻译的原则_方法及技巧.
翻译是把一种语言里已经表达出来的事物用另一种语言准确流畅地进行重新表达的过程。与其他题材的文章相比,科技专业文章在内容、表达形式和风格上有很大的差别,具有科技性强、专业性强、逻辑严密、表达要求简练的特点,在翻译上力求准确全面、严谨明确和通顺简练。 1科技英语翻译遵循的基本原则 从科技文章的特点来看,大多具有以下几个特征:述说事理、逻辑性强、结构严密、术语繁多,语言严谨、数据精确。这就要求译文必须概念清楚、条理分明、逻辑正确、数据无误,尤其对定义、定律、公式、图表、结论等更应特别注意。科技英语作为特殊英语的一个分支,在词汇构成、遣词造句等方面都有其自身的特点,其语法结构不十分严密、语言习惯和汉语也有不少差别、词汇量大、词语繁多,因此科技英语翻译起来比较困难。另外,科技文章比较重视叙事逻辑上的连贯及表达上的明晰与畅达; 避免行文晦涩,避免表露个人感情,避免论证上的主观随意性。因此,科技英语翻译力求少用或不用描述性形容词以及具有抒情作用的副词、感叹词及疑问词,而是大量使用科技词汇、专业技术用语,译者应尊重客观事实,不能随意改动数据、回避不易翻译的文字,更不能加进自己的主观想象,进行自由翻译。 我国著名翻译家严复提出的“信、达、雅”三准则一直为不少翻译工作者所接受。 “信”指的是译文要忠实于原文,“达”是指译文的通顺达意,“雅”指的是译文的用词修辞。三准则体现了译文和原文信息等值这一基本要领。 “信、达、雅”的翻译准则对各种英语文体的翻译实践都具有指导意义,是衡量一篇译文好坏的标准,也同样适用于科技文献的翻译。由于科技文章特有的文体特征,与其他类文章相比,其“达”和“雅”的内涵不同,它要求在准确传达信息的基础上,使译文更加简洁明快,流畅通顺。2科技英语翻译的基本方法
英语科技文翻译句子1
Sentences 1 1.The North American International Auto Show has traditionally served as an extravagant unveiling of the latest in the automotive industry. 2. A new international initiative to increase grain crop yields could help raise incomes for six million farmers in South Asia and combat hunger in one of the poorest regions of the world. 3.The U.S. space agency, NASA, is celebrating the 40th anniversary of the Apollo 8 space mission. 4.At NASA, 2008 will be remembered for shuttle missions, discoveries on Mars, and mysteries revealed across the solar system and beyond. 5.Three main Internet cables from Italy to North Africa were inexplicably severed in the second such incident in a year, plunging Egypt and several other Arab countries into a communications crisis. 6.Clean energies are forms of energy which do not pollute the air, the ground, or the sea. Clean energies include: Solar power Wind power Wave power Salinity gradient power Tidal power Geothermal power 7.Solar power describes a number of methods of harnessing energy from the light of the Sun. 8.The world seems increasingly divided into those who favor genetically modified (GM) foods and those who fear them. https://www.360docs.net/doc/7f6478105.html,puter makers are pushing the limits of weight and power. 10.Meanwhile, labs are testing new battery technologies. 11.One of the most promising new technologies to help achieve that goal is a new breed of low-powered microprocessors that can vary the speeds at which they operate. 12.South Korean scientists clone first dog 13.South Korea's pioneering ste 14.m cell scientist has cloned a dog 15.Snuppy, the first cloned dog, appears with the three-year old male Afghan hound whose cells were used to clone him. 16.Researchers have since cloned cats, goats, cows, mice, pigs, rabbits, horses, deer, mules and gaur, 17.Researchers determined that the specimens are around 195,000 years old. 18.Many large cities are anything but beautiful. 19.If people want to solve the problem of waste, there is no time to be lost. 20.They must work out ways of making use of good things which are just thrown away as waste. 21.When a car gets too old, it may not run any more. But the metal that the car was made of is still good. It can be put to use again. 22.When a bottle is empty, it goes out in the trash. But bottle glass can be ground into sand and used to pave streets. 23.Garbage from food can be changed into fertilizer. But first you have to fish out all the glass and metal.
科技英语翻译
形合和意合 1.昨天看电影我没有买到好票。 I did not buy good seat for movie last day. 2.这个车间既做来料加工，又做来样加工。 This workshop processes raw material on client’s demand and processes according to investor’s sample as well. 3.她在中国留学服务中心工作。 She works at Chinese service center for Scholarly Exchange. 4.烤烟，苹果，羊毛和甘薯是延安的四大农产品，年产量3.12亿元，占农业总产值的52.5%。 Cured tobacco, apples, wool and sweet potatoes are the four main agricultural products in Yan’an, their output values at 312 million yuan RMB, according for 5.2% of its total agricultural output values. 5.可以预言，钛材在飞机或各种飞行器上的应用将会与日俱增，并且在其他工业中的应用也会扩大。 It can be prophesied that titanium materials will be used increasing in aerospace and in other industries. 6.If rise of blood pressure occurs with some other disease, it is called secondary hypertension. 某种与其他疾病伴发的高血压，称为继发性高血压 7.Change of information, if any, concerning the contents of this section will be found in the appendix at the end of this book. 本节内容如有更改，均见本书末附录。 8.一种微生物能够破坏另一种微生物，这种现象最早是巴斯德发现的，他指出这可以用到医疗上去。 That a microganism is capable of destroying one of anther species was first discovered by Pasteur, who pointed out that can be used to the therapeutic use. 英汉句子中心的差异 1.他们培育出的细胞看上去像胚胎干细胞，这的确令人惊讶。 It’s truly amazing that they can produce cells that look like embryoric stem cells. 2.1968年12月阿波罗8号宇宙飞船上那些想家的宇航员们在太空拍下了整个地球的彩照，此后在1970年4月很快就出现了第一个地球日，这绝非是历史的偶然。 It’s no accident of history that the first Earth Day in April 1970 came so soon after the color photograghs of the whole earth from space were made by homesick astronauts on the Apollo 8 mission to the moon December 1968. 3.你们已经取得了进步，对此我毫不怀疑。 There has been no doubt in my mind of the progress which you have achieved. 4.由于贵国政府的提议，才得以这样快的重新实现访问，这使我感到特别高兴。 I was all the more delighted when as a result of the initiative of your government, it proved possible to reinstate the visit so quickly. 5.由于现代世界的发展和近年来在单门学科狭窄前沿上的研究进展，出现一些极其复杂的难题，单凭一两人的力量是无法对它们进行透彻研究的。 One cannot properly investigate the incredibly complex problems thrown up by the modern world and by recent development in our knowledge along the narrow front of a single discipline. 6.这种小型热带鱼由于具有自行修复受损和患病的眼部细胞的独特能力，长期以来一直为科学家所关注。The tiny tropical fish has long interested scientists because of its unique ability to repair damaged and diseased cells in their own eyes. 7.不努力就不会成功。 One can never succeed without making great efforts.
科技英语原文翻译
新疆农业大学 科学技术学院 课程翻译 题目: 一心可二用 Polychromic Versus Monochromic。 课程: 科技英语 姓名: 马静 专业: 英语 班级: 092班 学号: 095237226 座位号: 指导教师: 张洁老师职称:
2011 年12月11 日 题目:一心不可二用 指导教师：张洁姓名：马静 摘要：文化还规定个人在社会进程的信息，确定优先事项、管理时间和与他人的交往。与亚洲人相比，美国人喜欢一心一意的做事，。对于那些可以一边打电话，一边写备忘录给同事一边又能听着来访商人的叙述，并且一项也不错过的中国行政官员来说，他们自己才是可以一心多用的人，即他们可以同时执行多个任务。 关键词：单一文化社会，多元文化，高语境，低语境 Polychromic Versus Monochromic Name: Ma Jing Abstract：Culture also dictates how individuals within a society process information, set priorities, manage time and interact with other individuals. When you compare Americans to people from Asian cultures, it is the Americans who like to do things one at a time .Compare that attitude with a Chinese executive who can talk on the telephone, write a memo to a colleague and continue to listen to a visiting businessperson all at the same time without appearing to miss a beat .The Chinese are considered highly polychromic that is ,they can—and refer to –do multiple tasks simultaneously. Key words:Monochromic polychromic low-context high-context Polychromic Versus Monochromic 正文： (1)Culture also dictates how individuals within a society process information, set priorities, manage time and interact with other individuals. Americans, for example, will refer to someone who is less than bright as an individual who “cannot walk and chew gum at the same time”—implying that someone who is unable to handle two tasks at once is deficient, Oddly enough, when you compare Americans to people from Asian cultures, it is the Americans who like to do things one at a time .Compare that attitude with a Chinese executive who can talk on the telephone, write a memo to a colleague and continue to listen to a visiting businessperson all at the same time without appearing to miss a beat .The Chinese are considered highly polychromic that is ,they can—and refer to –do multiple tasks simultaneously. （2）To an individual from a monochromic society ,time is used for ordering one’s life ,for setting priorities ,for making a step-by-step list for dong
科技英语的特点与翻译
科技英语的特点与翻译 一、科技英语的特点 科技英语（English for science and technology，EST）指与用于科学和技术交流方面的英语口语和书面语。作为一种重要的英语语体，其特点主要体现在以下几个方面。 1、词汇方面 大量使用专业词汇、复合词、缩略词及利用前后缀构成的派生词。专业词汇意义专一，用来表示明确的含义。科技词汇多源于希腊语和拉丁语，是因为这两种语言作为英语的重要来源，是世界上成熟最早和最完备的语言中的两种，词汇不再发生词形、词义上的变化，具有稳定性。 2、句子方面 多使用长句和被动语态，大量使用名词化结构（nominalization）和非限定动词。另外，各种成份（如介词短语、形容词及其短语、副词、分词及从句等）作定语并后置，多使用It…that…结构句型、被动结构句型、as结构句型、分词短语结构句型和省略句结构句型等常用句型。名词化结构有利于行文简洁、表达客观、内容确切，也可使所含信息量增大，尤其是科技英语强调存在的事实，而非个别行为。不定式短语、-ing分词短语和-ed分词短语这三种非限定动词形式具有齐备的语法功能，可代替各种从句，这样既可缩短句子，行文简练，结构紧凑，又比较醒目。 3、形态方面 科技英语在时态运用上有限，多用过去时和现在时。尤其是多用一般现在时，以表述无时间性的科学定义、定理、公式、现象、过程等。另外，科技英语多用逻辑性语法词（logical grammatical operators），如表示原因的如because (of)、due (owing) to、as (a result of)、caused by、for等，表示语气转折的如but、however、nevertheless、otherwise、yet 等，表示逻辑顺序的如so、therefore、thus、furthermore、moreover、in addition to等。 4、文体方面
科技英语翻译专题 知识点汇总
计算机冀导那一部分 词汇 pig 金属锭块 dog挡块，止动爪 cat吊锚，履带拖拉机 cock旋塞，吊车 horse支架，铁杆 fish 接合板，夹板 monkey 打桩锤；煤矿通风巷道 fox绳索 belly 炉腰 mild steel structure 低碳钢结构 Bendable switches consist of a continuous 无缝的steel beam. ？可弯曲的开关由连续钢条组成。 曲性道岔由无缝钢条组成。 Bricks are also produced in many different colors and with various finishes, particularly those used for decorative purpose. 砖也可以烧制成许多不同的颜色，具有不同的光洁度，尤其是那些用于装饰的砖。 catalyst 催化剂 Resolving power 分辨率 Combining power 化合价 Base 碱 Base metals 非贵金属 Brass 黄铜 Difficult labor 难产 Foreign Material 杂质 Cast iron 铸铁 In general, the design procedure is not straightforward and will require trial and error. 一般说来，设计过程不是一帆风顺的，而需要反复试验。（简单的） Furnace 炉子 （1）Rubber is not hard, it gives way to pressure. 橡胶性软，受压变形。 （2）Porcelain is commonly used to resist electric current. 陶瓷常用来隔绝电流。 （3）When we speak, sound waves begin to travel and go in all directions. 我们说话时，声波就开始向四面八方传播。 （4）Zinc is easy to obtain from its ore. 锌容易从锌矿中提炼。
科技英语翻译480句
一、时间（1-80） 1. When a wire is broken by bending it back and forth rapidly, some of the work is transformed into heat and the wire gets hot. 当把导线快速地（通过）来回弯曲折断时，部分功就转换成热，所以导线变热． 2. When the moon changes it position, so do the orientation of the tide-generating forces and the position of the equilibrium tide. 当月亮的位置改变时，引潮力的取向和平衡潮的位置也改变了． 3. The water vapor will change from its invisible state to condense into visible moisture when the dew point temperature is reached. 当露点温度达到时，水气将从其看不见的状态凝结成可见的水分． 4.When a user requests a set of resources, it must be determined whether the allocation of these resources will leave the system in safe state. 当用户要求一组资源时，必须确定这些资源的分配是否会让系统处于安全状态． 5.As the number of users sharing the segment increases, so does the difficulty of finding an acceptable segment number. 当合同程序段的用户数目增加时，查找可接受的程序段的号码的困难也增加． 6. The air pressure begins falling accordingly as a typhoon comes near. 随着台风的临近，气压开始下降． 7.While they are waiting in the ready queue, the I/O devices are idle. 当它们在就绪队列中等待时，输入／输出装置则空闲着． 8. At the same time the waves are fanning out, they are also separating by wavelength, a process known as dispersion. 当这些波向外扩散时，它们也在按波长分开，这一过程叫频散． 9.Current stars flowing at the very moment when we close the circuit. 当我们一接通线路，电流马上就开始出现．
科技英语翻译教程
第一章概论 1．科技英语翻译的概念 翻译包括口译和笔译。在笔译中，又可分为科技翻译、文学翻译、政论文翻译和应用文翻译等等。翻译就是“把一种语言文字的意义用另一种语言文字表达出来”。因而，翻译本身并不是一门独立的创造性科学，它既带有创造性，又带有科学性，它是用语言表达的一门艺术，是科学性的再创作。随着国际学术交流的日益广泛，科技英语已经受到普遍的重视，掌握一些科技英语的翻译技巧是非常必要的。科技英语(English for Science and Technology,简称EST)。作为一种重要的英语文体，与非科技英语文体相比，具有词义多、长句多、被动句多、词性转换多、非谓语动词多、专业性强等特点，这些特点都是由科技文献的内容所决定的。因此，科技英语的翻译也有别于其他英语文体的翻译。 2. 科技英语翻译的标准及要求 科技英语的语域特征有别于其它语篇体裁.充分认识和把握好科技英语的语体特征,对于研究科技翻译的标准,从而真正实现翻译中的语际意义转换,达到功能对等具有重要意义.综合以上分析,科技英语翻译的标准及要求可定位于以下几方面. (一)准确性 科技英语由于语场,语旨而决定其翻译也有别于其它翻译形式.对于一般翻译,译文必须忠实于原文内容.科技英语翻译除要忠实反映原文内容外,还要确保其信息传递的准确性.科技译文一般不用或很少用"可能","大概"等模棱两可的修饰语言.因此,准确性是科技英语翻译最重要的标准.失去了"准确性",科技翻译就失去了灵魂(许树椿:4MNE).要保证科技译文的准确性,译者必须精心研究原文,充分理解原文,然后用准确流畅的译入语表达. (二)通顺完整性 通顺既包括译文的表达,也包括译文的完整.表达是译者在理解原文的基础上,把所理解的东西用另一种语言阐述的过程.这一过程必须在确切理解原文的前提下进行,并且在尽量保持原文表达形式的同时,必须保证译文合乎译入语的规范,行文尽量通顺流畅,简单明了,让读者一看就懂.此外,在表达过程中,还有一个完整的原则,即译者有责任保证科技信息的完整传达,不得擅自歪曲,篡改,删节或遗漏原文的信息,力求原文和译文保持"事实信息的完整";"语法范畴 的完整";"词义内涵的完整和语句整体的统一". (三)科学性原则 科技文体作为对科学事实及理论的客观描述和阐释,在选词造句上应有其科学性体现.这主要表现在专业术语的翻译上.由于专业术语是科技理论的语言基础,是各学科领域或专业特色的代表,译者在翻译时应潜心研究,广泛查询资料,力求用最准确专业的术语表达.其次在造句上,还应注意使译文逻辑条理清楚明晰,符合技术规范和行业习惯. (四)简明性 由上述对科技语篇的语域分析得知,科技语篇行文严谨规范,文章结构紧凑,重客观事实而反对主观感情色彩的渲染,文风简明平实.因此,翻译时译者应遵循科技语篇的这一文体特点,尽量使用语简洁明快.