研究生英语期末考试复习资料.docx
第一章:
1、T here appears so many phenomenon that ___ common sense in science study.
A、defy 向…挑战；不服从
B、reject C> refuse D^ neglect 忽略
2、______ to secret document is denied to all but few. （deny 扌巨绝）
A、Access
B、Approach
C、Contact
D、Touch
x The two most important _______ in making a cake are flour and suga匚
A、elements
B、components
C、ingredients组成成分；（烹调的）原料
D、constituents选民；成分
4^ The government gave a very _______ expla nation of its plans for in dustrial developme nl?
A、extensive
B、widespread
C、universal D^ comprehensive 综合的
5 x They committed ______ crimes to the county and the people （committee the crime罪）
A、huge B> vast C、immense 极大的D、enormous
6、E ducation is _______ f or all school-age children in many a county
A、demanded
B、compulsory 强制性的，义务的C^ requested D、general
7、W hile a full understanding of what causes the disease may be several years away, leading to a successful treatment could come sooner.
A、a distinction 区别，荣誉，特质
B、a breakthrough
C、an identification识别，身份证明，认同D^ an interpretation解释，表演，理解
8、M any people think that the slandards of public _______ have declined （下降）
A、morality 道德，道德观
B、rightness C^ awareness D、mentality
9、H ousewives who do not go out to work often feel they are not working to their full ______
A、capacity B> strength C、length D> possibility
10> These recommendations will need to be ________ t o the committee （委员会，1监护人）before
they can be implemented
A、cultivated E* justified C、notified D、informed
第三章:
1、But more significantly （重要土也，有意义土也），it will materials and machines into space
for industrial purpose unimagined（无法想象的）two decades ago when sputnik（人造卫星）was added to be vocabulary
A、deliver
B、utter 讲，出版
C、dedicate
D、deduct 减去，演绎
2^ There are occasions when giving a gift _______ spoken communication, since the message it offers can cut through barriers of language and cultural diversity
A^ overtakes 追上B> nourishes 养育，喂养
C、surpass 优于
D、enforces 实施，强迫
3s Some educators try to put students of similar abilities into the same class because they believe this kind of ___________ rouping is advisable
A、instantaneous 瞬间的
B、spontaneous 自然的
C> rigorous严密的，严格的D、homogeneous同类的
4、It also means that governments are increasing compelled（强迫）to _____ in these sectors （咅0
门）in order to step up production and ensure that it is utilized（利用）to the best advantage
A、interfere 干预
B、incur 引起，干预
C、intrude 打扰D^ initiate
5^ It is best not to _____ o n you misfortunes
B、dwell居住,细想某事
A、dull迟钝的
D^ dwarf使显得矮小
6> Although great natural barriers（障碍物）hindered（阻碍）east-west development in Canada,
this circumstance was mitigated（缓解，减轻）by the _____ river and lakes systems that provided avenues（途径）for the fur trader, missionary soldier, and settler
A、potent有效地
B、multiple多功能的C^ modify修改D、mighty巨大的
7、_______________ The virus by attaching to a cell and injecting its nucleic acid once inside the cell.
A、replicas 复制品n
B、replicates 再生v
C、repudiate否认，拒绝接收
D、requisite必需品n,需要ndj
8、Although fats and oils are as nutritionally important as energy sources, medical research
indicates that _______ fats may contribute to hardening of the arteries
A、saturated 饱和的
B、pervaded
C、permeated 传播，渗入D^ penetrated 渗入
9、It took 16 years for workers with pickaxes and shovels to move 5 million cubic feet of earth and
rock, and to plant half a million tress and shrubs, making a ___________ t o nature- a romantic nineteenth-century perception of nature
A^ tribute礼物，颂辞，证据B、attribute认为…是，属性
C、contribute
D、tribune 民众领袖，论坛
10、T he detective investigating the murder case examined the body, inspected the scene of the
crime, and ________ the weapon for clues（线索）
A、audit 审计B> scrutinized 仔细检查v
C、scrutiny仔细检查n
D、scruple感到于心不安，有顾虑
第五章：
1、In the spring export commodities（商品）fair（展览会），the _ of fine china attracted much
attention of customers from all over the world
A> string B> procession C^ array 阵歹U D、succession
2^ We should make a clear _________ between the two scientific terms for the purpose of our discussion
A、distinction 差别，区另U，对比B> discrimination 歧视C、deviation 背离 D、separation
3、Fortunetellei?（算命者）are good at making ____ statements such as u Your sorrows will
change n
A、philosophical哲学上的，冷静的，明达的
B、ambiguous不明确的
C、literal照字面的，原义的
D、invalid无效的
4^ Diamonds（纟占石）have little _____ value and their price depends almost entirely on their scarcity（缺乏，稀少）
A、extinct灭绝的
B、permanent永久的C^ surplus it剩的D^ intrinsic固有的本质的5^ The court considers a financial _____________ to be an appropriate way of punishing him A^ payment 付款，支付B、obligation 义务，债务C^ option D、penalty 惩罚
6、The magician made us think he cut the girl into pieces but it was merely an _______
A^ illusion错觉，幻想B、impression印象，效果
C、image
D、illumination 照明，解釋清楚
7^ We are doing this work in the _______ of reforms（改良）in the economic, social and cultural sphere
A、context 背景B> contest 比赛n,竞争v
C、pretext借口，掩饰D> texture结构，本质
8、Being somewhat shortsign ted（近视，没有远见），she had the habit of ___ at people
A、glancing 朝…看了一眼
B、peering 凝视C^ gazing D^ scanning
9、What the corresp on dent sent us is an ______ news report. We can depend on it
A^ evident明显的B、authentic真正的，可信的
C、ultimate最后的，极限的,最大的
D、immediate立即的，当前的
10、_______ In time human being did not travel for pleasure but to find a more favorable climate
A、prime 最初的primitive 原始的C、primary 最早的D、preliminary 初步的
第七章：
1.Prejudicing（偏见）vital（至关重要的）foreign policy considerations in order to rescue
individuals finds its domestic（| ^1 内的）equivalent （相等的）in the inflated awards paid to accident and malpractice victims.
https://www.360docs.net/doc/80590837.html,bustion（燃烧，骚动）within the populace（百姓，平民）slowly built up to the point
of revolution（革命）.
3.I told the judge that I could not perceive（意识到，理解）any difference between the two coins.
4.The aero plane was a bit bumpy （气流不稳的）at times and one or two were sick（恶心的，
不舒服的）.
5.They criticized Martin Luther King for his rigid（顽固的）stance （态度，立场）on non-
violence.
6.The tutor（导师）told his students to prune （修剪）an article of its superfluities（多余物）?
7.Sir Alexander Fleming stumbles （无意屮发现）on his great discovery of penicillin（青霉
素）quite by accident.
& She won by default（缺席不到场），because her opponent（对手）refused to play.
9.I always replenish（补充）my food supply before it is deplete（耗尽）?
10.With success and prosperity（繁荣。吕盛，成功）,John was finally able to ease off（减轻,
挪开）.
精读课后翻译：
第一章：
1.公益广告中的口号和形象不仅令人难忘，而且能引起广泛关注，激励人们采取
行动。
The slogans and characters in the public service message are more than memorable ■一they raise awareness, inspire individuals to take action.
2.大学教育的最终结果应该由学生在课堂的种种表现来衡量，他们是否精于知识
的运用，是否接受了扎实的基础教育，是否在某一特殊领域称职。
The outcomes of collegiate education should be measured by the student〃s
performanee in classroom as they become proficient in the use of knowledge, acquire
a solid basic educati on and become compete nt in a spec ific field.
3.美丽的校园为我们提供一个理想空间，让我们沉思找到灵感，以助我们更好地
旅行。
The beautiful campus provides an ideal space for contemplation and inspiration to aid us in that journey.
4.在知识之旅上，你们不是独行者。我们有出色的师资和员工。他们致力于求
知和理解，将会在旅途中支持和鼓励你们。
You'll not be expected to undertake this intellectual journey on your own. We have an exceptional faculty and staff, dedicated to the search for knowledge and understariding, who will support and encourage you in your journey.
5.人们的生活离不开自然，这是自然资源保护论者的第一原则。然而，人们不能
在自然中生活而不对其加以改造。
People cannot live apart from nature: that is the first principle of the conservationists.
And yet, people cannot live in nature without change it.
6.世界经济飞速发展以及经济和科技领域的激烈竞争，对教育提出了强有力的挑
战。
Flying developme nt of science and tech no logy worldwide, as well as inten sity competiti on in economic and tech no logical fields has addressed a tough challenge to education.
7.由于欧盟设定了严格标准以减少垃圾填埋并提倡包装的循环利用，包装行业目
前受到了从未有过的严格监督。
The packing industry now finds itself under scrutiny as never before, as tough EU targets are set to reduce landfilli ng and in crease recycli ng.
8.中国与发达国家在科技领域存在着差距，因此必须依赖科技和教育的发展来推
行可持续发展战略。
There is a gap between China and advanced countries in the area of scienee and tech no logy ? So it must depe nd on science, tech no logy and educati on to carry out a sustainable development strategy?
第三章：
有人说这世界是男人的天下，然而，根据市场调查公司NPD的研究，大多数购物和娱乐消费都是由女人做主的。人们早就知道，家人衣着和家庭装饰大多由女人做主，但这次对美国5」万个家庭所做的调查却表明，其他一些购买决策行为中也存在着令人惊异的性别分野。根据调查结果，在挑选电影、餐馆和电视节目的时候，
男人也会听从女人的意见。此外，调查数据还表明，由女人说了算的事情还包括在电影院里坐什么位置、上哪儿去买食品以及请哪些客人到家里来。实际上，男人只在选购个人电子产品、买家用轿车以及制订家庭预算等事情上有些许发言权。主持此次调查的NPD公司首席分析师马歇尔科恩说，购买行为中的性别差异对广告业、传媒业以及培训行业来说意义重大。他说：“管理品牌、推销产品或是从事广告工作的人必须密切注意消费者动态的变化/
Some say it's a man's world, but women actually make most purchasing and entertainment decisions, according to a study by market research firm NPD. It's long been accepted that women pick out most of the clothes for the family and decide on home furnishings, but this study of 51000 U.S. households showed some surprising facets of purchasing decisions broken down by gender. Men defer to women when it comes to choosing movies, restaurants and television shows, according to the survey. The data indicated that women also decide where to sit in a movie theatre, where to shop for food and which guests come to the family home. In fact, the only areas where men had any clout involved personal electronics purchases, the family car and setting household budgets- The gender differences in purchasing could have implications for advertising, media and education companies, said NPD chief analyst Marshal Cohen, who spearheaded the research. u Anyone who，s managing a brand, marketing a product or working for an advertising agency needs to be conscientious in the shifts in consumer dynamics”，Cohen said.
第五章：
1.我对这部影片里的任何角色都难以认同。
I found it hard to identify with any of the characters in the film.
2.数月来他经历挫折而不断努力，终于有了收获。
After months of disappointment, his perseveranee was finally rewarded.
3.她把她的意思解释得清清雉雉。
She made her meaning crystal clear.
4.像大多数的夫妻一样，他俩的婚姻波折迭起，但牛活就是这样。
Like most married couples they have had their ups and downs, but life is like that.
5.经过寒冷的冬天，大家都渴望天气有所好转。
Every one is yearning for the weather to change, after this code win ter.
6.这个广告是针对儿童设计的。
This advertisement is calculated to appeal to children.
7.这种骚扰仅仅是人们不满的一种表露而己。
This riot is only one manifestation of people's discontent.
8.原始人用尖石块和兽骨为自己制作原始的工具。
Primitive man made himself primitive tools from sharp stones and animal bones.
第七章：
Historically, Jeep's reputation as a go 一- anywhere vehicle dates back to the Second
World War when the original Jeeps, supplied by the Willys company, carried allied forces through the Pacific and Europe.
The Macquarie dictionary of Motoring says the name Jeep stemmed from the United States Army's decision to call the vehicle GP, for General Purpose vehicle. The name was eventually corrupted to "Jeep^ from the pronunciation of the letters GR and because a trademark owned by the Willys company.
Jeep became part of Chrysler in 1988 and the company has since spent a lot of money to revitalize the Jeep production facilities, and to increase the number and style modals available. Chrysler says the Jeep^s war — time reputation and rugged image undoubtedly helped it to carve out a new role in peacetime as recreational vehicle. It says the Jeep created the original market for recreational, off-road vehicles using the powerful four-wheel drive traction (known commercially as 4WD) for which the army jeep was famous.
在历史上，吉普车以其能适应各种路况的出众性能而著称于世。这种美名可以追溯到二战期间，当时由威利斯公司提供的最初型号的吉普车载着盟军部队驰骋于太平洋沿岸及欧洲战场。
《麦氏汽车驾驶大全》一书认为，“吉普”这个名字起源于美国军队决定把这种车辆叫做GP (for General Purpose)即多功能车之意。而后，GP这两个字母的读音被误读成为“吉普”，并成为威利斯公司享有的商标名称。
1988年吉普为克莱斯勒公司所有，此后该公司投入了大量资金更新改造吉普车的生产设备，提高吉普车的产量并开发各种新车型应市。克莱斯勒公司称吉普车在战争年代享有的盛名以及其坚固耐用的形象无疑会有助于它在和平时期树立其作为休闲娱乐车的新形象。该公司说，吉普为休闲，越野车开发了新市场, 它有强劲的4轮牵引装置(商业上称为4轮驱动)，过去军用吉普车曾因此而享誉四方。
1.汽车诞生后发展很快,不久就代替了马。(displace)
The automobile was improved very rapidly after it was inven ted and soon displaced horses?
2.由于汽车污染环境并严重伤害人体，甚至杀人，我们可能不得不削减私人拥有汽
车的数量而更多地依赖公共交通系统。(mass transmit systems)
We may have to cut down on the number of privately owned cars and depend more on public mass transmit systems because cars pollute and maim or even kill people.
3.汽车轮子给我们带来了更好、更为便利的交通时，它也应对诸如空气污染、交
通事故、交通拥挤之类的许多问题负责。(be guilty of)
While wheels (automobiles) have brought with them better or more convenient transportation, they are guilty of many sins, such as air pollution, traffic accidents and traffic congestion.
4.美国人对汽车的热爱以及他们较大的工作流动性是出了名的。(be noted for)
America ns are noted for their love for cars and great job mobility.
5.要是燃料质量和效率的提高和技术的进步能大大减少汽车的排放量，那该多好
啊。(ifonly)
If only adva nces in fuel quality and efficie ncy and in tech no logy would radically reduce the emissions from automobiles.
6.在美国，高度发达的公路网使在各地之间来来往往成为可能。(from coast to coast)
A highly developed highway network has made possible the easy movement from coast
to coast in the United States.
7.一想到这条林荫大道的建设速度，参观者都感到很吃惊：这条路不久前还在开挖
及铺设排水管。(the very thought of, tear up)
The very thought of the speed at which the beaut讦ul avenue was constructed electrified every visitor; the road had only recently been torn up to lay drain-pipes not long age.
8.环境保护主义者严厉谴责了汽车，认为汽车是产牛空气污染的主要因素。
(denounce)
Environmentalists have denouneed automobiles, believing they are a major factor in the product!on of dirty air.
9.由于有便利的公共交通，在大都市的市郊，许多新建的住宅群拔地而起。(rise
up, complex)
Many new residential complexes have risen up in the suburbs of metropolitan cities because of the availability of convenient public transportation.
10.尽管非常喜欢汽车，许多人还是相信广泛地使用公共交通系统能缓解交通拥
挤。(lend credenee to)
Despite their love for cars, many people lend credenee to the extensive use of the public transport system, which can cut down on traffic congestion.
英语补考试卷及答案
七年级英语试卷 一、单项选择（共15小题，每小题1分，计15分） 从A、B、C、D四个选项中选出一个可以填入句中空白处的最佳答案。 ( )1. It is ________ amazing(难以置信的) thing that the little dog can play ______ piano very well. A. an, \ B. a, a C. an, the D. \, the ( )2. —Excuse me ,where is the nearest supermarket —Walk along the road, turn left_____ the first crossing and then you'll see it____ your right. A. at; on B. on; at C. in; on D. at; in ( )3. It’s not good for our health to sleep _______ all the windows ________. A. by, closed B. by, open C. with, closed D. keep, closed ( )4. —Why are you in such a hurry, Mike —There_______ a friendly basketball match in ten minutes. A. is going to have B. will have C. will be D. are going to ( )5.— Did you_______ your grandparents last month — No. They didn't go to school when they were young. So they can't read or write. A. heard of B. hear of C. heard from D. hear from ( )6. Tomis too shortthe leaves on the tree. A. to reaching B. to reach C. reaching D. not to reach ( )7. There is a bookshop on_______ side of the street. A. others B. other C. another D. the other ( )8.—Did you hear the news about the fire in our building —Yes. It took the firemen two hours to_______ the fire. A. put out B. put up C. put down D. put off ( )9. —Our school basketball team won the match. —_______ exciting news! A. What B. How a C. What an D. How ( )10.—Daniel, remember to turn off the lights before leaving the classroom. —________. A. Yes, please B. It's hard to say C. OK, I will D. It's my job ( )11. —Shall we go camping this weekend —_______. I will see my grandparents in my hometown. A. I think so B. I'm afraid so C. I'd like to D. I'm afraid not ( )12. Please don’t put ________ into the rubbish bin because it’s very dangerous. A. something hot B. anything hot C. hot something D. hot anything ( )13.—Could I speak to Helen, please —Sorry, she is not here at the A. Who speaks B. Who are you C. Who's that speaking D. What's that speaking ( )14. —Excuse me! You can't take photos here. Look at the sign. It says"NO PHOTOS". —Sorry, I_______ it. A. didn't see B. am going to see C. won't see D. don't see ( )15.—Could you teach me how to search the information on the Internet
研究生英语综合教程(课后习题答案)
Unit One Task 1 1.A 2.C 3.B 4.C 5.D 6.D 7.D 8.C 9.A 10.D 11.A 12.B Task 2 1.public(c) 2.discipline(b) 3.strength(a) 4.reference(a) 5.strength(d) 6.public(a) 7.demonstrated(b) 8.discipline(c) 9.references(c) 10.personality(a) 11.discipllining(d) 12.demonstrates(a) 13.public(d) 14.reference(b) 15.personality(c) Task 3 1.employment 2.paid 3.adjust 4.setting 5.discouraged 6.credit 7.cite 8.demonstrate 9.teamwork 10.rules Unit Two Task 1 1.A 2.B 3.B 4.C 5.B 6.A 7.B 8.C 9.A 10.C Task 2 1. bud (n.); budding (adj.) 2. access (n.); access (v.) 3. taste (n.);tasted (v.) 4. fool (n.); fooling (v.) 5. produces (v.); produce (n.) 6. garnish (v.); garnishes (n.) 7. reigns (v.); reign (n.) 8. concern (n.); concerned (v.) 9. named (v.); name (n.) 10. practiced (v.); practice (n.) Task 3 1) integration 2) choice 3) handed 4) aspiring 5) steaming 6) masterpieces 7) pleasure 8) partake 9) amazing 10) presented Unit Three Task 1 1.A 2.B 3.C 4.B 5.A 6.B 7.C 8.A Task 2 1. stack up against 2. struck a chord 3. amounted to 4. chopping off 5. appeal to 6. pick up on 7. turned out 8. fade away 9. brought together 10. pulled off 11. thrust upon 12. be kept clear of Task 3 1) swirling 2) delivered 3) glowed 4) intervals 5) converge 6) wanderings 7) navigate 8) jealousy 9) presence 10) absorbed Unit Four Task 1 1.A 2. A 3. C 4. B 5. B 6. C 7. D 8. C 9. A 10. C Task 2 1. maintained (a) 2. romantic (a)
(完整)小学三年级英语试题.docx
小学三年级上学期英语抽考试题 题号听力部分读写部分合一 二三四五六七八九十计成绩 又要迎来新的一年了。在同学们最后一个寒假之前，让我们一起来完成这份英语测试。希望大家取得好成绩。也祝大家新年快乐！ Listening part （听力部分） 一、 Listen and choose (听录音 , 选出你所听到的单词 ) () 1. A. pen B. pencil C. pencil-case () 2.A. head B. hand C. hello () 3.A. blue B. pink C. purple () 4.A. bird B. bear C. boat () 5.A. cake B. Coke C. coffee 二、 Listen and number (听录音，排顺序 ) ()( )( )( )( ) 三、 Listen and choose the right answer ( 听录音 , 根据问句选答语 ) () 1. A. thank you. B. I ’m fine, thank you. () 2. A. Fine, thank you. B. I ’m nine. () 3.A. Nice to meet you, too. B. Hello. () 4.A. OK! B. Me, too. () 5.A. Good afternoon. B. Good morning.
四、 Listen and colour( 听录音 , 涂颜色 ) 五、Listen and number( 听录音 ,排顺序 ) () Nice to meet you. (1) Hi, Mom! () Good afternoon. (2) Hi! () Nice to meet you, too. () Good afternoon, Mike. () Mom, This is Mike. Writing part （读写部分） 六、 Read and choose the right answer( 找出下列每组单词中不同类的单词) () 1. A. face B. foot C. five () 2.A. mouth B. mouse C. monkey () 3.A. body B. blue C. black () 4.A. bread B. crayon C. cake () 5.A. pink B. purple C.plane 七、 Look and choose the right word( 看图 , 根据身体部位选择正确单词的序号) head foot eye mouth foot A B C D E
研究生英语期末考试试卷
ad if 命 封 线 密
A. some modern women prefer a life of individual freedom. B. the family is no longer the basic unit of society in present-day Europe. C. some professional people have too much work to do to feel lonely. D. Most Europeans conceive living a single life as unacceptable. 5.What is the author’s purpose in writing the passage? A. To review the impact of women becoming high earners. B. To contemplate the philosophy underlying individualism. C. To examine the trend of young people living alone. D. To stress the rebuilding of personal relationships. Passage Two American dramas and sitcoms would have been candidates for prime time several years ago. But those programs －though some remain popular －increasingly occupy fringe times slots on foreign networks. Instead, a growing number of shows produced by local broadcasters are on the air at the best times. The shift counters longstanding assumptions that TV shows produced in the United States would continue to overshadow locally produced shows from Singapore to Sicily. The changes are coming at a time when the influence of the United States on international affairs has annoyed friends and foes alike, and some people are expressing relief that at least on television American culture is no longer quite the force it once was. “There has always been a concern that the image of the world would be shaped too much by American culture,” said Dr. Jo Groebek, director general of the European Institu te for the Media, a non-profit group. Given the choice, he adds, foreign viewers often prefer homegrown shows that better reflect local tastes, cultures and historical events. Unlike in the United States, commercial broadcasting in most regions of the world －including Asia, Europe, and a lesser extent Latin America, which has a long history of commercial TV －is a relatively recent development. A majority of broadcasters in many countries were either state-owned or state-subsidized for much of the last century. Governments began to relax their control in the 1980’s by privatizing national broadcasters and granting licenses to dozens of new commercial networks. The rise of cable and satellite pay-television increased the spectrum of channels. Relatively inexperienced and often financed on a shoestring, these new commercial stations needed hours of programming fast. The cheapest and easiest way to fill airtime was to buy shows from American studios, and the bidding wars for popular shows were fierce. The big American studios took advantage of that demand by raising prices and forcing foreign broadcasters to buy less popular programs if they wanted access to the best-selling shows and movies. “The studio priced themselves out of prime time,” said Harry Evans Sloan, chairman of SBS Broadcasting, a Pan-European broadcaster. Mr. Sloan estimates that over the last decade, the price of American programs has increased fivefold even as the international ratings for these shows have declined. American broadcasters are still the biggest buyers of American-made television shows, accounting for 90% of the $25 billion in 2001 sales. But international sales which totaled $2.5 billion last year often make the difference between a profit and a loss on show. As the pace of foreign sales slows －the market is now growing at 5% a year, down from the double-digit growth of the 1990’s －studio executives are rethinking production costs. 6. Which of the following best characterizes the image embodied in American shows? A. Self-contradictory B. Prejudice-free C. Culture-loaded D. Audience-targeted 7. The intervention of governments in the 1980’s resulted in __________ . A. the patenting of domination shows and movies B. the emergence of new commercial networks C. the promotion of cable and satellite pay-television D. the intense competition coming from the outside 8. The phrase “on a shoestring” (Para. 6) most probably means __________. A. in need of capital B. after a fashion C. on second thoughts D. in the interests of themselves 9. The main reason why American dramas and sitcoms are driven out of prime time is that ____. A. they lose competitiveness B. they are not market-oriented C. they are too much priced D. they fall short of audience expectations 10. American studio producers will give thought to production costs __________. A. if they have no access to popular shows B. because their endeavors come to no avail C. since bidding wars are no longer fierce D. as international sales pace slows down Passage Three How shops can exploit people's herd mentality to increase sales 1. A TRIP to the supermarket may not seem like an exercise in psychological warfare—but it is. Shopkeepers know that filling a store with the aroma of freshly baked bread makes people feel hungry and persuades them to buy more food than they had intended. Stocking the most expensive products at eye level makes them sell faster than cheaper but less visible competitors. Now researchers are investigating how “swarm intelligence” (th at is，how ants，bees or any social animal，including humans，behave in a crowd) can be used to influence what people buy. 2. At a recent conference on the simulation of adaptive behaviour in Rome，Zeeshan-ul-hassan Usmani，a computer scientist from the Florida Institute of Technology，described a new way to increase impulse buying using this phenomenon. Supermarkets already encourage shoppers to buy things they did not realise they wanted: for instance，by placing everyday items such as milk and eggs at the back of the store，forcing shoppers to walk past other tempting goods to reach them. Mr Usmani and Ronaldo Menezes，also of the Florida Institute of Technology, set out to enhance this tendency to buy more by playing on the herd instinct. The idea is that, if a certain product is seen to be popular, shoppers are likely to choose it too. The challenge is to keep customers informed about what others are buying. 3. Enter smart-cart technology. In Mr Usmani's supermarket every product has a radio frequency identification tag, a sort of barcode that uses radio waves to transmit information，and every trolley has a scanner that reads this information and relays it to a central computer. As a customer walks past a shelf of goods, a screen on the shelf tells him how many people currently in the shop have chosen that particular product. If the number is high, he is more likely to select it too.
会计专业英语期末试题 )
期期末测试题 Ⅰ、Translate The Following Terms Into Chinese 、 1、entity concept 主题概念 2、depreciation折旧 3、double entry system 4、inventories 5、stable monetary unit 6、opening balance 7、current asset 8、financial report 9、prepaid expense 10、internal control 11、cash flow statement 12、cash basis 13、tangible fixed asset 14、managerial accounting 15、current liability 16、internal control 17、sales return and allowance 18、financial position 19、balance sheet 20、direct write-off method Ⅱ、Translate The Following Sentences Into Chinese 、 1、Accounting is often described as an information system、It is the system that measures business activities, processes into reports and communicates these findings to decision makers、 2、The primary users of financial information are investors and creditors、Secondary users include the public, government regulatory agencies, employees, customers, suppliers, industry groups, labor unions, other companies, and academic researchers、 3、There are two sources of assets、One is liabilities and the other is owner’s equity、Liabilities are obligations of an entity arising from past transactions or events, the settlement of which may result in the transfer or use of assets or services in the future、 资产有两个来源，一个就是负债，另一个就是所有者权益。负债就是由过去得交易或事件产生得实体得义务，其结算可能导致未来资产或服务得转让或使用。 4、Accounting elements are basic classification of accounting practices、They are essential units to present the financial position and operating result of an entity、In China, we have six groups of accounting elements、They are assets, liabilities, owner’s equity, revenue, expense and profit (income)、会计要素就是会计实践得基础分类。它们就是保护财务状况与实体经营
(完整word版)研究生英语综合教程上部分课后题答案及翻译
Unite 1 P15 1.Your job as a future employee is to help the hiring manager mitigate/alleviate(减轻，降低) that risk.作为一个未来的员工,你的工作是帮助招聘经理降低风险。 2.You need help them identify(认定，认同) you as prospective/expected(预期的，未来的) “key player”.你需要帮助他们认定你有潜力成为一名核心员工。 3.Kelly was outstanding and outshone/surpassed(优于,超过) every other player on the field.凯利非常出色，胜过了球场上所有其他球员。 4.Better still,develop a reputation inside your lab and with people your lab collaborates with as a person who fosters and initiates/originates(发动，创建) collaborations.更为有利的是，要在你实验室内部，以及在和你们实验室合作的人之间，培养一个良好的声誉：一个鼓励并发动合作的人。 5.He is a former scientist who transitioned/transferred(转变，改变) to industry many years ago and then on to a senior management position.他之前是一名科学家，许多年前他转向了企业，并一直做到高级经理的职位。 6.The unions mobilized/organized(组织) thousands of workers in a protest(抗议，游行) against the cuts.协合会组织了一场数以千计的工人游行来抗议裁员。 7.This creates a requirement not only for people who can act quickly, but for those who can think fast with the courage to act on their convictions/beliefs(信念). act on ones convictions 按某人的想法行事。 这样，不仅对那些行动快速的人们，也对那些思维敏捷，并有勇气按自己想法行事的人们提出了要求。 8.His speech was made with such great ambiguity/vagueness(不清楚) that neither supporter nor opponent(反对者) could be certain of his true position.他的演讲有许多疑点，既没有支持者也没有反对者来肯定他的立场。 9.The scientist who is transitioning into the business world must prioritize(优先处理) his or her relationship assets/advantages(资源，优势) above their technical assets.想转行到企业界的科学家们必须优先考虑他们的社会关系资源而不是技术资源。 10.This approach, combined with a liberal(开明的) use of the pronoun “we” and not just ”I”when describing your accomplishments(业绩), can change the company’s perception/impression(看法，印象) of you from a lone wolf to a selfless collaborator.这个方法，加上你在描述业绩是开明的使用代词“我们”而不是“我”，能使公司对你的看法从“单干户”转变成“合作者”。 11.I’m trying to foster/encourage(培养，鼓励) an interest in classical music in my children.我尝试着培养孩子在古典音乐上的兴趣。 12.A German company collaborated/cooperated(合作)with a Swiss firm(公司) to develop the product.一个德国公司和一个瑞士公司合作开发的产品。 P17 The independence-versus-interdependence issue has been written about regularly and is often introduced as the major issue separating the two worlds of scientific employment：academic and industrial. For decades, academia has paid lip service to the idea of collaboration, but the incentive-and-reward system has been slow to adjust . Despite the widespread interest in collaboration and its obvious value in an academic setting , collaboration remains informal and is actually discourage by the tenure process, in which scholars are penalized for sharing credit for their work with others.
考研英语试题及答案.docx
2004年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题 Section II Use of English Directions: Read the following text. Choose the best word (s) for each numbered blank and mark [A], [B], [C] or [D] on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points) Many theories concerning the causes of juvenile delinquency (crimes committed by young people) focus either on the individual or on society as the major contributing influence. Theories 21on the individual suggest that children engage in criminal behavior 22they were not sufficiently penalized for previous misdeeds or that they have learned criminal behavior through 23with others. Theories focusing on the role of society suggest that children commit crimes in 24to their failure to rise above their socioeconomic status, 25as a rejection of middle-class values. Most theories of juvenile delinquency have focused on children from disadvantaged families, 26 the fact that children from wealthy homes also commit crimes. The latter may commit crimes 27 lack of adequate parental control. All theories, however, are tentative and are 28to criticism. Changes in the social structure may indirectly 29juvenile crime rates. For example, changes in the economy that 30to fewer job opportunities for youth and rising unemployment 31make gainful employment increasingly difficult to obtain. The resulting discontent may in 32lead more youths into criminal behavior. Families have also 33changes these years. More families consist of one-parent households or two working parents; 34, children are likely to have less supervision at home 35was common in the traditional family 36. This lack of parental supervision is thought to be an influence on juvenile crime rates. Other 37causes of offensive acts include frustration or failure in school, the increased 38of drugs and alcohol, and the growing 39of child abuse and child neglect. All these conditions tend to increase the probability of a child committing a criminal act, 40 a direct causal relationship has not yet been established. 21.[A] acting[B] relying[C] centering[D] commenting 22.[A] before[B] unless[C] until[D] because 23.[A] interaction[B] assimilation[C] cooperation[D] consultation 24.[A] return[B] reply[C] reference[D] response 25.[A] or[B] but rather[C] but[D] or else 26.[A] considering[B] ignoring[C] highlighting[D] discarding
英国文学期末考试题目(英语专业必备)
.. ;.. 一．中古英语时期 Beowulf is the oldest poem in the English language, and the most important specimen (范例、典范)of Anglo-Saxon literature, and also the oldest surviving epic in the English language. The romance is a popular literary form in the medieval period（中世纪）. It uses verse or prose to sing knightly a dventures or other heroic deeds. Geoffrey Chaucer, one of the greatest English poets, whose masterpiece, The Canterbury Tales（《坎特伯雷故事集》）,was one of the most important influences on the development of English literature. Chaucer is considered as the father of English poetry and the founder of English realism. 二．文艺复兴Renaissance Renaissance r efers to the period between the 14th and mid-17th centuries. It marks a transition(过渡) from the medieval to the modern world. It started in Italy with the flowering of painting, sculpture（雕塑）and literature, and then spread to the rest of Europe. Humanism is the essence of Renaissance -----Man is the measure of all things. This was England’s Golden Age in literature. Queen Elizabeth r eigned over the country in this period. The real mainstream of the English Renaissance i s the Elizabethan drama. The most famous dramatists in the Renaissance E ngland are Christopher Marlowe and W illiam Shakespeare. The greatest of the pioneers of English drama was Christopher Marlowe. Francis Bacon was the best known essayist of this period. “Of Studies” is the most popular of Bacon’s 58 essays. Thomas More ——Utopia Edmund Spenser——The Faerie Queene 相关练习 1. Which is the oldest poem in the English language? A. Utopia B. Faerie Queene C. Beowulf D. Hamlet 2. _____ is the father of English poetry. A. Edmund Spenser B. William Shakespeare C. Francis Bacon D. Geoffrey Chaucer 3. ____ is not a playwright during the Renaissance period on England. A. William Shakespeare B. Geoffrey Chaucer C. Christopher Marlowe D. Ben Johnson 三．莎士比亚William Shakespeare “All t he world 's a stage, a nd all the men and women merely p layers.”——William Shakespeare William Shakespeare is considered the greatest playwright in the world and the finest poet who has written in the English language. Shakespeare understood people more than any other writers. He could create characters that have