中考英语话题复习模式的研究

中考英语话题复习模式的研究
中考英语话题复习模式的研究

中考英语话题复习模式的研究与思考

昆明市盘龙区白邑中学周红琼【摘要】话题式复习教学以话题为主线,围绕课程目标,并结合学情和教材特点进行立体、综合的教学设计与开发。在课堂教学中,采用任务型语言教学模式,兼顾交际功能和语言知识结构的学习,从而提高学生的听说读写能力。本文从英语话题式复习的基本内涵入手,根据《新目标Go for it》教材的话题编排结构,重组话题。然后以话题为主线,以学生的长远发展为目标,科学选用教学方法,精心设计教学过程,进行有效的初三复习教学。并对话题式复习教学实施中应注意的问题提出几点反思,探讨如何创建一种真正激发学生的学习兴趣、关注学生的进步和发展的有效复习方式。

【关键词】话题复习中考英语有效模式

一、问题的提出

随着中考越来越注重考查学生英语综合语言运用能力,传统的复习方法存在一些局限性,导致学生复习效果差,对英语课不感兴趣。同时在复习过程中,学生学习心态往往较为疲惫。针对目前中考复习课的现状,我们一线教师在中考英语复习课堂中出现了如下的问题:①巩固以简单重复为途径,生成性偏低。在复习课上,许多教师往往简单重复新授课上所教的内容,教学方式没有新意,课堂上学生所学知识缺乏新的生成。②复习以试题训练为主要手段,趣味性不强。多数教师在复习课上采用的方法单一,基本以做题的形式来检查学生是否掌握了已学知识,机械性较强,学生缺乏学习兴趣。③设计以功能分割为取向,综合性不够。许多教师在对复习课进行教学设计时,往往把听说读写等功能割裂开来,对语言的综合实践能力不够重视。④教学以课本内容为依据,缺乏针对性。教师在组织授课内容时,主要以新授课的课文内容结构作为参考,忽视学生学习的实际效果。面对当前传统复习课中存在的诸多问题,结合自己的教学经历,做了如下反思:一方面要积极改进复习方法,进一步提高学生学习的积极性,满足他们的心理需求;另一方面要对复习内容做积极处理,调整复习思路。《英语课程标准》中的“任务型”语言教学途径也提出,要创设真实的情景,让学生在这真实的情景中进行真实的语言交际实践活动。初中英语教学中,每个单元都有相关的一个话题,师生围绕话题进行语言技能训练,可避免语言学习的空洞和单调,同时也可以充分体现语言使用性功能。受以上这些方面的启示,我认为以话题为主线,整合教材内容进行复习,学生可以建立不同单元相同话题知识间的联系,这样有利于学生完善知识结构,发展综合语言运用能力,提高复习效率。例如,在复习交际用语时,通过整合初中三年的问路话题,复习课变成了一节语言实践课。在真实的情景中,学生的兴趣被大大地激发,他们十分快乐主动地复习了知识,接受了信息,加工了信息,交流了信息,学生的主体作用得到了很好的发挥。

面对当前复习课教学中存在的诸多问题,我在归纳、总结以往初中英语教学成功经验的基础上,实施了“话题式复习法”。实践表明,采用该法进行复习,可以使教学思路更清晰,层级链接更自然顺畅,内容要点更全面,知识体系更完整。特别是在初中英语总复习阶段,可促使学生对所学知识体系进行全方位的查漏、补缺和巩固,从而实现初中英语总复习的高质和高效。

二、话题式复习模式的基本内涵和教学流程

(一)话题复习模式的基本内涵

话题复习模式就是在初中英语复习阶段,教师引领学生将全部初中英语教材

中的教学模块归类到《课程标准》要求的24个基本话题下,以话题为牵引,将本课要复习的语法内容有机地融入其中,进行听说读写各项语言技能的训练。归纳话题下的常用词汇,提炼话题下的功能句子,积累话题下的典型句式,梳理话题下的主要语法,训练话题下的书面表达,以清晰的教学思路系统归纳初中阶段所学内容,形成完整的知识网络和框架,提高复习教学效率。在话题式复习的课堂教学中,话题词汇和句型贯穿整个课堂,并且以技能训练为主,适量进行有关的语法项目的归纳和点拨,再配合少而精的训练题,取得良好的复习效果。这种方法能让学生在头脑里有一个清晰的语法知识结构,体现了学生自主学习和合作学习策略的培养,也有利于学生真正得到语言的运用,这也就是话题式复习课之所以更适应新课标环境下的英语中考复习课堂的原因。

(二)话题复习模式的教学流程

话题复习模式是在遵循英语教学基本规律的基础上,采用“同类归纳”方法,围绕话题对初中各年级学习内容进行“同类聚合”的教学整合。教师按照“创设话题情景――归类基本词汇及句型――梳理基本语法――训练中考题型”的流程,结合听说读写四个技能的综合训练进行课堂教学,从而全面提高学生的语言综合运用能力。

1.研究教材,创设话题情景

以课程标准的话题项目表为依据,对初中阶段的所有内容进行重新组合,确定出24个话题项目,每一话题为一章,每章中的内容可能分布在不同年级的教材中,所涉及的话题内容是基本相同的。如有关“学校生活”的话题内容分布在七年级上Unit 10 Can you play the guitar?,八年级上Unit8 How was your school trip?,八年级下Unit4 He said I was hard-working.,九年级Unit1 How do you study for a test?。有关“环境保护”,它的内容分布在七年级下unit3 How do you get to school?,八年级下unit 2 I ‘ll help to clean up the city parks. Unit 4 Why don’t you talk to your parents?,九年级unit 13 We’re trying to save the earth! 等。

2.根据话题,归类基本词汇及句型

教师要注意宏观备课,根据话题寻找有用的相关单词、词组和表达。根据语言学家Michael Lewis的词块分类法,将词块进行梳理、整合,把同一话题下的语块组合成话题“词典”。这样,原本孤立的词语统摄在话题语义场中,词与词之间有了意义联系,构成语义网络系统。在语言运用中,无论是听说还是读写,一旦话题被激活,话题词块的意义联系随即接通,词语的检索和提取将非常迅速。例如在教学“环境保护”这一话题时,我根据教材的内容和教学大纲,归纳出了以下词汇和句型。

词汇:

earth, environmental, protect, protection, air , forest, water, soil, save, life, future, sea, pollute, pollution , litter, trash, rubbish, burn, recycle, plastic, bags, energy, extinct , waste, endangered, wild, ecosystem, bus , bike, train, subway, foot,……

短语:

solar power, use up , global warming, greenhouse effect, sand storm , low carbon economy, throw away, pick up ,take action , keep…from , on foot , by bike, take the bus, go to school , clean up, ……

句型:

What should we do to save the earth?

We should/can/may go to school by bike.

We had better go to school on foot.

We don’t/shouldn’t throw litters.

Let’s help save the sharks.

We can’t live without water.

It’s everyone’s duty to love and protect the environment.

We don’t need to do big things-- we can start out small.

……

3.谈论话题,梳理基本语法

以话题为载体,创设和利用交际或篇章情景,为学生提供运用语言的真实环境,讲语法复习与听说读写技能融为一体,既有利于学生梳理所学的语法知识,又有利于提高学生运用语法的能力,使学生真正学会“运用语言”。例如,在教学九年级unit 13时,它是一个综合性的单元,它里面包含了大量的语法,有现在进行时、被动语态、现在完成时、情态动词、used to 等的用法。我们在教授这个单元时,老师就不能一味的强调语法知识,它是一个运用的单元,这些知识在话题里经常被使用到,教师只要经常重复此类句子,并做适当的归纳。既有助于学生正确的表达,又能让学生容易理解,并把所学知识反映出来,同时还可以有效减轻学生的学习负担。

4. 结合话题,训练中考题型

以话题为载体,结合考试大纲,编设中考的各类题型,例如呈现一篇看图短文填空,利用话题总结复习的词汇来填空,既有利于落实巩固词汇,另一方面,新的文本的输入可以扩大学生的阅读面和知识信息量,使学生有获取新知的新鲜感,从而提高阅读技巧。另外,教师还可以结合话题进行写作训练,将学生的口头训练落实到写,能切实提高学生的书面表达能力。首先,教师有目的地将话题的框架写在黑板上,针对话题要点的每一点进行提问,引导学生说出与话题相关的表达,多问几个学生,鼓励他们说出不一样的答案,然后,让学生根据提示,口头表达一遍,以培养学生的口头表达能力。最后,让学生写成一篇文章,并当堂批改。这样可以逐一突破学生写作中的问题,如书写规范、干净整洁、用词妥当、使用连词、句式多变和语言流畅,从而真正提高语言的综合运用能力。

话题复习的这四个步骤是相互联系,相互制约的统一体。整个过程以话题引入开始,以话题写作结束,前后呼应,浑然一体。教师在设计教学活动时,应遵循“学生主体,教师主导”的理念,通过课上互学,课下互动等教学环节,强化学生的主体意识和竞争意识,提高学生英语复习课效率。

三、“话题式复习法”的实例说明

1. 话题的确立

“以话题为主线,将初中教材的相关单元进行整合”,这是本市教研员近两年带领全市英语教师正在摸索、尝试的一种全新的初三复习课教学模式。

在2016年四月举行的一次市级公开课上,我们学校九年级的英语老师有幸参加了此次教研活动。这次教研活动的主题是初中英语话题复习课。我们所听的这节课是昆明市第五中学的杨青老师的,话题是“环境保护”。这位老师的这节课将七年级下unit3、八年级下unit 2、Unit 4和九年级unit 13几个单元的知识进行了整合,这种有关环境保护的话题对于学生而言,他们有话可说、有感

可发。在设计教学过程的同时,笔者尽量挑选或自编贴近学生生活实际的语言材料来紧扣课堂教学,设计灵活多样的课堂活动方式调动和激活学生的学习热情,采用任务型教学活动、利用多媒体课件辅助,有序高效地开展课堂教学。由于这节研讨课以话题为主线、运用了“体验式”任务型教学,给人以耳目一新的感觉,取得了较好的教学效果(从简单的pair work到复杂的writing输出,层层递进,语法教学也被渗透并较好地落实在写作训练中)。

2. 课堂教学过程

Step1:导入

杨老师一开始给同学们展示一些我们生活中可看见的蓝天白云的图片,接着是一些有垃圾甚至是被污染了的河流、地球的图片。从而引出今天的主题“环境保护”。

利用几个问题进行师生间的互动:

Q1: What can you see in the picture?

Q2: What are the differences between the two groups of pictures ?

Q3: What should we do in our daily life?

设计意图:通过一些简单的有关日常生活的问答,不仅可以激活他们头脑中相关知识(在这一环节再现了大量的有关环境的词汇,并且学生能运用I/We should…这个句型,同时也可以了解学生对这些问题的看法和行动,进一步了解他们丰富的内心世界;拉近师生间距离,再围绕本课话题“Environmental protection”来共同讨论。

Step2:呈现

1)Guessing game

老师给出一些有关环境的图片,让同学们看着图片猜单词。通过猜测这些单词来导入本课话题——Environmental protection

设计意图:教育家托尔斯泰说过:“成功的教学所必须的不是强制,而是激发学生的兴趣,兴趣是推动学生学习的强大动力,是学生参与教学活动的基础,激发学生的兴趣是新课导入的关键。因此从猜测游戏入手,有利于激发学生的兴趣,有利于课堂教学的开展。

2)经过上面活动的铺垫,学生脑海中的相关知识已被激活,再利用头脑风暴法把我们所学过的有关主题的词汇、短语以小组活动的形式表现出来。

设计意图:传统的英语教学复习单词短语都是让学生把单词短语背一遍,再进行默写,在英语学习过程中缺少快乐的体验,学生只是机械无趣地跟着教师重复一遍,这种炒冷饭的形式使得学生更消极地对待中考复习。杨老师一改以往的教学模式,采用了体验式任务型教学,利用学生感兴趣的话题活动引入并展开教学;

把要复习传授的知识融入能激发兴趣的教学方法中去,通过调动学生学习兴趣、激发学生的情感,将被动学习转变成主动掌握的过程,由此学生可以更多地从主动学习中获得快乐的体验。

3)经过上面的活动学生对今天的主题有了一定的认识,对今天所谈论主题所需的词汇、短语也基本掌握了。杨老师给我们展示一些西山和昆明街道的新旧照片。让同学们用我们刚才所复习的单词和短语把照片描述出来。这一环节要求学生能通过上面再现的词汇完整地用句子表达,做到了知识的有效输出。

Step 3. 听录音

听录音这一教学设计起着承上启下的过渡作用。除此之外,它还和我们的中考题型及知识点整合,这一环节的教学内容是本单元的3a。听力材料的设计是有

关拯救鲨鱼的文章,让学生感悟到我们人类在日常生活中的种种不好的行为,同

时还可以让学生从中反思我们以后应该如何做来拯救我们的鲨鱼,我们的生存环

境以及我们的地球。

Step 4. 小作文

整堂课至此给人一种一气呵成的感觉,这时根据教学需求设计一个开放性作文——“Save the environment” 。这样的设计可以尊重每一个学生,让他们

根据自己的实际水平进行自由发挥,并真正将所学的知识运用到写作中去。

设计意图:写作是英语学习中较难掌握的综合技能。写作不仅受到词汇、

基本句型、语法知识、时态等一系列因素的影响,也受相关话题素材的影响。“话

题式”复习在课堂学习逐层推进的基础上,学生已经积累了一定的词汇、句型等

知识,具备了一定的知识输入,为其写作训练的输出奠定了基础。因此,让学生

完成一篇习作不再是一件困难的事了。

四、教学反思

通过此次复习课教学,我感触颇深。为了达到新课标所要求的英语课程的目

标,杨老师主要通过创设教学情景进行师生互动、生生互动,充分激发学生学习

英语的兴趣,培养英语学习的积极态度,把情感、态度与价值观目标的实现融合

在知识与能力、过程与方法目标实现的过程之中,努力为学生进一步学习英语打

下坚实的基础。

1、立足教材,活用教材,促进学生生成性学习

通过引入任务型教学模式,设置贴近生活、具有趣味性的体验活动活化教材,学生模仿教材谈自己心目中的英雄,不仅灵活地复习了课文,又能在此基础上灵活创新,取得了较好的教学效果。因此教师应当更多地立足于教材本身,发掘适用于设计任务、体验学习的语言材料,再根据需要设计出学生可能经历的真实交际任务。这种有逼真的情景和话题的任务设置,让学生在实施任务的过程中自然理解语言的意义,并亲身体验了语言的交际功能。

2、创设情境,精炼话题,提高学生运用能力

“话题法”要求以提高学生学习为目标,精炼话题,实施针对性训练。为此,教师要尽可能地创设话题情境,通过听、说、读、写训练,让学生在实际运用中使用话题的核心词汇表述话题内容,并在此基础上引导学生根据自身和语言水平拓展话题。

苏霍姆林斯基说过:没有也不可能有抽象的学生。因此,我们衷心地希望通过初三复习课的有效教学,能切切实实地为每一个学生服务,让不同层次的学生学有所取,学有所成,学有所用。

中考英语话题复习一个人情况

话题一个人情况 一.词汇 个人信息(Personal information) 1. 名字name 2. 地址address 3. 电话telephone 4. 年龄age 5. 年轻的young 6. 中年的middle-aged 7. 老的old 8. 生日birthday 9. 号码;数字number 10. 信息;资料information 11. 经验;经历experience 12. 兴趣interest 外貌(Appearance) 1. 身高height 2. 圆的round 3. 明亮的bright 4. 棕色的brown 5. 金色的blonde/golden 6. 卷曲的curly 7.直的straight 8. 高的tall 9. 矮的short 10. 胖的fat 11. 瘦的thin 12. 丑陋的ugly 13. 漂亮的beautiful 14. 英俊的handsome 15. 酷的cool 16. 强壮的strong 17. 健康的healthy 18. 虚弱的weak 性格(Personality) 1. 冷静的calm 2. 粗鲁的rude 3. 粗心的careless 4. 细心的careful 5. 懒惰的lazy 6. 勤奋的hard-working 7. 顽皮的naughty 8. 诚实的honest 9. 友好的friendly 10. 单纯的simple 11. 外向的outgoing 12. 害羞的shy 13. 安静的quiet 14. 吵闹的noisy 15. 严肃的serious 16. 活泼的lively 17. 快乐的happy 18. 幽默的humorous 工作与职业(Jobs and careers)

2020中考英语作文话题

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