英语课程标准要求初中掌握的语法项目及词汇

英语课程标准要求初中掌握的语法项目及词汇

语法项目表

1．名词

（1）可数名词及其单复数

（2）不可数名词

（3）专有名词

（4）名词所有格

2．代词

（1）人称代词

（2）物主代词

（3）反身代词

（4）指示代词

（5）不定代词

（6）疑问代词

3．数词

（1）基数词

（2）序数词

4．介词和介词短语

5．连词

6．形容词（比较级和最高级）

7．副词（比较级和最高级）

8．冠词

9．动词

（1）动词的基本形式

（2）系动词

（3）及物动词和不及物动词

（4）助动词

（5）情态动词

10．时态

（1）现在进行时

（2）一般现在时

（3）一般过去时

（4）一般将来时

（5）过去进行时

（6）现在完成时

11．被动语态

12．非谓语动词：动词不定式

13．构词法

（1）合成法（2）派生法（3）转化法（4）缩写和简写14．句子种类

（1）陈述句（肯定式和否定式）

（2）疑问句：一般疑问句、特殊疑问句、选择疑问句、反意疑问句（3）祈使句

（4）感叹句

15．句子成分

（1）主语

（2）谓语（主谓一致）

（3）表语

（4）宾语（直接宾语和间接宾语）

（5）定语

（6）状语

16．简单句的基本句型

（1）主语+系动词+表语

（2）主语+不及物动词

（3）主语+及物动词+宾语

（4）主语+及物动词+间接宾语+直接宾语

（5）主语+及物动词+宾语+宾语补足语

（6）there be句型

17．并列复合句

18．主从复合句

（1）宾语从句

（2）状语从句

（3）定语从句

词汇表

说明：

1．本表共收约1600个单词。

2．本词汇表不列词组和短语。

3．本词汇表不列语法术语。

4．部分可根据构词法推导出的副词、名词等不单列。

A

a (an) art.

ability n

able a

about prep &ad. above prep

abroad a &ad absent a

accent n

accept v

accident n

ache n

achieve v

across prep

act n & v

action n

active a

activity n

add v

address n

advantage n advertisement n advice n

advise v

afford v

afraid a

after ad , prep & conj afternoon n

again ad

against prep

age n

ago ad

agree v

agreement n

air n

airline

airplane n airport n

alive a

all a &pron allow v

almost ad

alone a

along ad & prep aloud ad

already ad

also ad

although conj

always ad

America n

American a &n among prep

ancient a

and conj

angry a

animal n

another a & pron answer n & v

ant n

any pron & a anybody pron

anyone pron

anything pron anyway ad

anywhere ad

appear v

apple n

April n

area

arm n

army n

around prep & ad arrive v

art n

article n

as ad, conj &prep

Asia n

Asian a &n

ask v

asleep a

at prep

Atlantic n & a

attention n

August n

aunt n

Australia n

Australian a &n

autumn n

available a

avoid n

awake v

away ad

B

baby n

back ad & n

background n

bad ( worse,worst)a

bag n

ball n

balloon n

bamboo n

banana n

bank n

baseball n

basic a

basket n

basketball n

bathroom n

be (is, am, are, was, were, being, been)aux v beach n

bear n

beat v &n

beautiful a

because conj

become (became, become)v

bed n

bedroom n

bee n

beef n

before prep, ad & conj

begin (began, begun) v

behaviour n behind prep

believe v

bell n

below prep

beside prep

besides prep & ad between prep

beyond prep

big a

bike=bicycle n

bill n

bird n

birth n

birthday n

biscuit n

bit n

bitter a

black a & n

blackboard n

blind a

blood n

blow (blew, blown) v

blue n & a

board n

boat n

body n

book n

boring a

born a

borrow v

boss n

both pron& a

bottle n

bottom n

bowl n

box n

boy n

brain n

brave a

bread n

break (broke, broken) v & n breakfast n

breath n

breathe v

bridge n

bright a

bring (brought, brought) v brother n

brown n & a

brush v & n

build (built, built) v building n

burn (-ed, ed/burnt, burnt) v bus n

business n

busy a

but conj

butter n

butterfly n

buy (bought, bought) v

by prep

bye interj

C

cabbage n

cake n

call v &n

camel n

camera n

camp n &v

can modal v

Canada n

cancel v

candle n

cancer n

candy n

cap n

capital n

captain n

car n

card n

care v &n

careful a

careless a

carry v

cat n

catch (caught, caught)v cause n &v

CD n

CD-ROM n.

ceiling n

celebrate v

cent n centre n

century n

certain a

chair n

chairman/woman n chalk n

chance n

change v

chant n & v

cheap a

cheat v

check n &v

cheer n &v cheese n

chemistry n

chess n

chest n

chicken n

child (pl. children) n China n

Chinese a & n chocolate n

choice n

choose (chose, chosen) v chopsticks n Christmas n

church n

cinema n

circle n & v

city n

clap v & n

class n

classmate n classroom n

clean a &v

clear a

clever a

climb v

clock n

clone v

close v & a clothes n

cloud n

cloudy a

club n

coach n

coal n

coast n

coat n

coffee n

coin n

coke n

cold a &n

collect v

college n

colour (Am color) n & v come (came, come) v comfortable a

common a communicate v communication n company n

compare v

competition n

complete a & v composition n

computer n

concert n

condition n

conference n

connect v

consider v

continue v

control v

conversation n

cook v & n

cooker n

cool a

copy n &v

corner n

correct v & a

cost v & n

cotton n & a

cough n &v

could modal v

count v

country n

countryside n

couple n

courage n

course n

cousin n cover n& v

cow n

crayon n

crazy a

create v

cross v& n

cruel a

cry n &v

culture n

cup n

cut (cut, cut) v &n D

dad (daddy) n

daily a, ad & n dance v & n danger n

dangerous a

dare v & aux v

dark a&n

date n

daughter n

day n

dead a

deaf a

deal v

dear a

death n

December n

decide v

decision n

deep a & ad degree n

delicious a

dentist n

depend v

describe v

desk n

develop v development n dialogue (Am dialog) n diary n

dictionary n

die v

difference n

different a

difficult a

difficulty n

dig (dug, dug) v

dinner n

direct a & v

direction n

director n

dirty a

discover v

discovery n

discuss v

discussion n

disease n

dish n

dismiss v

disturb v

divide v

do (did, done)v

doctor n

dog n

doll n

dollar n

door n

double a & n

doubt n & v

down ad &prep

downstairs ad

dozen n

draw (drew, drawn) v

drawer n

dream (-ed, -ed/dreamt, dreamt) v & n dress n & v

drink (drank, drunk) v& n

drive (drove, driven)v

driver n

drop n & v

drug n

drum n

dry v & a

duck n

dumpling n

during prep

duty n

DVD n

E each a & pron

ear n

early a & ad

earth n

east n, a & ad easy a

eat (ate, eaten) v

edge n

education n

effort n

egg n

eight num

eighteen num

eighth num

eighty num

either a , conj& ad elder a

electric a

elephant n

eleven num

else a

e-mail n & v

empty a

encourage v

end n & v

enemy n

energy n

engineer n

England n

English n & a enjoy v

enough a &ad enter v

environment n

eraser n

especially ad

Europe n

European a & n even ad

evening n

ever ad

every a

everybody pron everyday a

everyone pron everything pron everywhere ad

exam=examination n

examine v

example n

excellent a

except prep

excite v

excuse n &v

exercise v & n

expect v

expensive a

experience n

experiment n

explain v

express v

eye n

F

face n &v

fact n

factory n

fail v

fair a

fall (fell, fallen)v

family n

famous a

fan n

fantastic a

far(farther, farthest/further, furthest) a & ad farm n

farmer n

fast a& ad

fat a

father n

favourite (Am favorite) a & n

fear n

February n

feed (fed, fed)v

feel (felt, felt)v

feeling n

festival n

fetch v

fever n

few pron &a

field n

fifth num

fifty num fight (fought, fought ) v& n fill v

film n

final a

find (found, found)v

fine a

finger n

finish v

fire n

first num,a& ad

fish n

fisherman n

fit a & v

five num

fix v

flag n

flat n

floor n

flower n

flu n

fly1 (flew, flown) v

fly2n

follow v

food n

foot (pl. feet) n

football n

for prep

force v

foreign a

foreigner n

forest n

forget (forgot, forgot) v

fork n

form n

forty num

forward ad

four num

fourteen num

fourth num

fox n

free a

freeze (froze, frozen) v

fresh a

Friday n

fridge (=refrigerator) n

friend n

friendly a

friendship n

frog n

from prep

front a & n

fruit n

full a

fun n

funny a

furniture n

future n

G

game n

garden n

gate n

general a

gentleman n geography n

gesture n

get (got, got) v

gift n

giraffe n

girl n

give (gave, given) v glad a

glass n

glove n

go (went, gone) v

goat n

god n

gold n & a

golden a

good ( better, best) a goodbye (bye-bye) interj goose (pl. geese) n government n

grade n

grammar n

grandchild n granddaughter n grandma = grandmother n grandpa = grandfather n grandparent n grandson n

granny n grape n

grass n

great a

green a & n greeting n

ground n

group n

grow (grew, grown) v guard n

guess v

guest n

guitar n

gun n

gym = gymnasium n H

habit n

hair n

half a & n

hall n

ham n

hamburger n

hand n

handbag n handsome a handwriting n

hang (hung, hung) v happen v

happy a

hard ad & a hardly ad

hat n

hate v&n

have ( has, had, had)v he pron

head n

headache n

health n

healthy a

hear (heard, heard) v heart n

heat n

heaven n

heavy a

height n

hello (hi) interj

help v &n

helpful a

hen n

her pron

here ad

hero n

herself pron

hide (hid, hidden) v

high a

hill n

him pron

himself pron

his pron

history n

hit (hit, hit ) v

hobby n

hold (held, held) v

hole n

holiday n

home n &ad hometown n

homework n

honest a

honour (Am honor) n & v hope n & v

horse n

hospital n

hot a

hotdog n

hotel n

hour n

house n

housework n

how ad

however ad & conj

huge a

human a &n humorous a

hundred num

hungry a

hurry v

hurt (hurt,hurt)v

husband n

I

I pron

ice n

ice-cream n idea n

if conj

ill a

illness n

imagine v immediately ad important a impossible a improve v

in prep

inch n

include v increase v &n India n

Indian a & n industry n influence n information n

ink n

inside prep

insist v

instead ad instruction n intention n interest n interesting a international n Internet n interview n &v into prep introduce v introduction n invent v invention n

invite v

iron n &v island n

it prop.

its pron

itself pron

J

jacket n January n

Japan n

Japanese n & a jeans n

job n

join v

joke n &v

joy n

juice n

July n

jump v

June n

just a & ad

K

keep (kept, kept)v key n

keyboard n

kick v & n

kid n

kill v

kilo = kilogram n kilometre n

kind1a

kind2n

king n

kiss n & v kitchen n

kite n

knee n

knife (pl. knives)n knock v & n

know (knew, known) v knowledge n

L

lab= laboratory n labour (Am labor) n lady n

lake n

lamb n

lamp n

land n & v language n

large a

last a &v

late a &ad laugh n & v

law n

lay (laid, laid) v

lazy a

lead (led, led) v

leader n

leaf (pl. leaves)n

learn (learnt, learnt)v

least n

leave (left, left)v

left a & n

leg n

lemonade n

lend (lent, lent) v

lesson n

let (let, let) v

letter n

level n

library n

license n

lie1(lay, lain) v

lie2v & n

life n

lift v

light n, v &a

like v & prep

line n

lion n

list n &v

listen v

little a

litter (less, least) v& n live v

lively a

lock n & v

London n

lonely a

long a

look v & n

lose (lost, lost) v

lot n

loud a

love v & n

lovely a

low a & ad

luck n

lucky a

lunch n

M

machine n

mad a

madam = madame n magazine n

magic a

mail n

main a

make (made, made) v

man (pl. men)n

manage v

manager n

many ( more, most)pron & a map n

March n

mark n & v

market n

marriage n

marry v

master v &n

match v & n

math(s) = mathematics n

may modal v

May n

maybe ad

me pron

meal n

mean (meant, meant) v meaning n

meat n

medical a

medicine n

meet (met, met)v

meeting n

member n

memory n

mend v

mention n & v

message n

menu n

metal n & a

method n

metre (Am meter) n

middle n might modal v

mile n

milk n

mind n & v

mine pron

minute n

mirror n

miss1n

miss2v

mistake (mistook, mistaken) v &n model n

modern a

mom (Am mum) n

moment n

Monday n

money n

monitor n

monkey n

month n

moon n

more a , ad &n

morning n

most a &ad

mother n

motorcycle n

mountain n

mouse (pl. mice) n

mouth n

move v

movie n

Mr. (mister)n

Mrs. (mistress)n

Ms. n

much a

murder v

museum n

music n

must modal v

my pron

myself pron

N

name n

national a

natural a

nature n

near a

nearly ad

necessary a

neck n

need modal v,v&n neighbour (Am neighbor)n neither a

nervous a

never ad

new a

news n

newspaper n

next a &ad

nice a

night n

nine num

nineteen num

ninety num

ninth num

no ad & a

nobody n& pron

nod v

noise n

none pron

noodle n

noon n

nor conj

normal a

north a & n

northern a

nose n

not ad

note n & v

notebook n

nothing pron

notice n & v November n

now ad

number n

nurse n

O

OK ad

object n

ocean n

October n

of prep

off prep &ad

offer v & n office n

officer n

often ad

oil n

old a

on prep

once n , ad & conj one num & pron oneself pron

only ad

open a & v

operation n

or conj

orange a & n

order v &n

other pron & a

our pron

ourselves pron

out ad

outside n , ad & prep over prep & ad overcoat n

own a &v

owner n

P

P.C.= personal computer n P.E.= physical education n Pacific n & a package n

page n

paint n

pair n

palace n

pale a

pancake n

panda n

paper n

pardon n

parent n

park1n

park2v

part n

party n

pass v

passage n

passenger n

passport n

past n , a &prep

path n

patient1n

patient2 a

pay (paid, paid)v

peace n

pear n

pen n

pence n

pencil n

penny n

people n

percent n

perfect a

perhaps ad

period n

person n

personal a

pet n

phone = telephone v & n photo = photograph n physics n

piano n

pick v

picnic n

picture n

pie n

piece n

pig n

pilot n

ping-pong n

pink n & a

pioneer n

pity n

place n &v

plain a &n

plan n & v

plane n

planet n

plant v & n

plastic n & a

plate n

play v

playground n

pleasant a please v

pleasure n

plenty n

pocket n

poem n

point v &n

police n

policeman (policewoman) n policy n

polite a

pond n

pool n

poor a

pop = popular a

popular a

population n

pork n

position n

possible a

post v

postcard n

postman n

potato n

pound n

practice n

practise (Am pratice) v praise n &v

prepare v

present n

president n

pretty a

prevent v

price n

pride n

primary a

print v

prison n

prisoner n

private a

prize n

probably ad

problem n

produce v

programme (Am program) n progress n & v

promise n & v

pronounce v pronunciation n proper a

protect v

proud a

prove v

provide v

public a & n pull v & n punish v

pupil n

purple a & n purpose n

purse n

push n &v

put (put, put)v

Q

quarter n

queen n

question n

quick a & ad quiet a

quite ad

R

rabbit n

race n

radio n

railway n

rain v &n raincoat n

rainy a

raise v

rapid a

rat n

rather ad

reach v

read (read, read) v ready a

real a

realise (Am realize) v really ad

reason n

receive v recent a

recite v

record v & n recorder n

red a & n

refuse v

regard v

regret n& v

relation n

relax v

remain v

remember v

repair n & v

repeat v

reply v & n

report n & v

require v

research n

rest n &v restaurant n

result n

retell v

return v

review v &n

rice n

rich a

ride (rode, ridden) v riddle n

right n & a

ring (rang, rung) v & n rise (rose, risen) v

risk n

river n

road n

robot n

rock n

role n

room n

rope n

rose n

round ad , prep & a row v

rubber n

rubbish n

rule n & v

ruler n

run (ran, run) v

rush v

Russia n

Russian n & a

S

sad a

safe a & n

safety n

sail n & v

salad n

sale n

salt n

same n & a

sand n

sandwich n

satisfy v

Saturday n

sausage n

save v

say (said, said) v

scarf n

school n

schoolbag n

science n

scientist n

score n & v

screen n

sea n

search n & v

season n

seat n

second num, a & n secret n

secretary n

see (saw, seen) v

seem v

seldom ad

sell (sold, sold) v

send (sent, sent) v

sense n

sentence n

separate v & a September n

serious a servant n

serve v

service n

set (set, set) v & n seven num

seventeen num

seventh num

seventy num

several pron & a shake(shook, shaken) v shall (should) aux &v shame n

shape n & v

share v

she pron

sheep (pl. sheep)n

shelf （pl. shelves）n. shine (shone, shone) v

ship n

shirt n

shoe n

shop n

short a

shorts n

should modal v

shoulder n

shout n & v

show (showed, shown) v shower n

shut (shut, shut) v

shy a

sick a

side n

sight n

silence n

silent a

silk n

silly a

silver n

similar a

simple a

since prep, conj &ad sing (sang, sung) v

single a

sir n

sister n

sit (sat, sat) v

situation n

six num

sixteen num

sixth num

sixty num

size n

skate v

skill n

skirt n

sky n

sleep(slept, slept) v & n

sleepy a

slow a &ad

small a

smart a

smell (-ed, -ed/smelt, smelt) n & v smile n &v

smoke v &n

smooth a

snake n

snow v &n

snowy a

so ad & conj

soap n

social a

society n

socks n

sofa n

soft a

soldier n

solid a & n

some a &pron

somebody pron

someone pron

something pron

sometimes ad

somewhere ad

son n

song n

soon ad

sorry a

sort v &n

sound v & n

soup n

sour a

south n & a

southern a space n

spare a

speak (spoke, spoken) v speaker n

special a

speech n

speed n &v

spell (-ed, -ed; spelt, spelt) v spend (spent, spent) v .

spirit n

spoon n

sport n

spread (spread, spread) v spring n

square n

stairs n

stamp n

stand(stood, stood) v standard n & a

star n

start v

state n

station n

stay n & v

steal (stole, stolen) v

steel n

step n & v

stick (stuck, stuck)v & n still ad

stomach n

stone n

stop n &v

store n &v

storm n

story n

strange a

stranger n

strawberry n

stream n

street n

strict a

strong a

student n

study v &n

stupid a

subject n

succeed v

success n

successful a

such ad, pron & a sudden a

sugar n

suggest v

suggestion n

summer n

sun n

Sunday n

sunny a supermarket n supper n

supply v & n suppose v

sure a &ad surface n

surprise n & v sweater n

sweep (swept, swept) v sweet n & a swim (swam, swum) v swimming n

swing n

symbol n

T

table n

table tennis n

tail n

take (took, taken) v tale n

talk v

tall a

tape n

task n

taste n & v

taxi n

tea n

teach (taught, taught) v teacher n

team n

technology n telephone n & v television = TV n tell (told, told) v temperature n

ten num

tenth num

tennis n

tent n

term n

terrible a

test v & n

text n

than conj

thank v &n

that a, pron & conj the art.

theatre (Am theatre) n their pron

them pron themselves pron

then ad

there int, n &ad these pron

they pron

thick a

thin a

thing n

think (thought, thought)v third num

thirsty a

thirteen num

thirty num

this a & pron

those a & pron though conj

thought n

thousand num

thread n

three num

through prep & ad throw (threw, thrown) v Thursday n

ticket n

tidy a

tie v &n

tiger n

till conj & prep

time n

tiny a

tired a

to prep

today ad &n together ad

toilet n

tomato n

tomorrow ad &n ton n

tongue n

tonight ad

too ad

tool n

tooth (pl. teeth)n toothache n toothbrush n toothpaste n

top n

total a & n

touch v & n

tour n

tourist n

toward(s) prep

towel n

tower n

town n

toy n

trade n

traditional a

traffic n

train n & v training n

translate v

travel v &n treasure n treatment n

tree n

trip n

trouble v & n trousers n

truck n

true a

trust v

truth n

try v

T-shirt n

Tuesday n

turn n &v twelfth num

twelve num twentieth num

twenty num

twice ad

two num

U

ugly a

umbrella n

uncle n

under prep

underground a & n understand (understood, understood) v unit n

university n

unless conj

until prep & conj

up ad &prep

upon prep

upstairs ad

us pron

use n & v

used a

useful a

usual a

V

vacation n

value n

VCD n

vegetable n

vehicle n

very ad

victory n

video n

village n

violin n

visit v &n

visitor n

voice n

volleyball n

W

wait v

wake (woke, woken)v

walk v &n

wall n

want v

war n

warm a

warn v

wash v

waste n& v

watch n &v

water n

watermelon n

way n

we pron

weak a

wealth n

wear (wore, worn) v

weather n

website n

Wednesday n

week n

weekday n

weekend n

weigh v

weight n

welcome a

well (better, best) a , ad & n west a &n

western a

wet a

whale n

what pron& a

whatever conj& pron

wheat n

wheel n

when conj &ad

whenever conj

where ad

whether conj

which conj

while conj&n

white a & n

who pron

whole a

whom pron

whose pron

why ad &int

wide a

wife n

will (would)modal v

win (won, won)n wind n

window n

windy a

wine n

wing n

winner n

winter n

wise a

wish n &v

with prep

without prep

wolf n

woman (pl. women) n wonder v

wonderful a

wood n

word n

work v & n worker n

world n

worry v

worth a

would modal v wound v & n

write (wrote, written)v wrong a

X

X-ray

Y

yard n

year n

yellow a & n

yes ad

yesterday n & ad yet ad

you pron

young a

your pron

yourself pron yourselves pron

Z

zebra n

zero n & num

zoo