现在完成时的句型、用法及例句

现在完成时的句型、用法及例句
现在完成时的句型、用法及例句

构成

助动词have/has +过去分词

例:肯定句 I have worked. 否定句 I have not

(haven't ) worked. 疑问句 Have you worked ?

回答 Yes, I have. / No , I have n't .

功能及意义

1.表示一个动作发生在过去,对现在仍有影响,但没有具体的过去时间修饰。常 由下列副词修饰: ever 曾经,never 从不, already 已经,yet 还(未),(yet 只用在否定句和疑问句中),just 刚刚,recently , lately 近来,so far 迄今为 止=un til now, up to now , before 以前

例:Have you ever been to the Great Wall?尔曾经去过长城吗?

I have n ever heard of such a ma 我从没有听说过那个人。

We have just had lunch 我们刚刚吃过午饭

I have already returned your money 我已经把钱还给你了。

I have n't fou nd my book yet.(否)我还没有找到笔记本

Have you do ne your homework yet?(疑) 你做作业了吗?

Have you heard from him recen tly ?你最近收到他的来信了吗?

So far, no one has made any mistakes y 迄今为止 还没有人犯错误

I have n ever traveled by pla ne before 我以前从来没有乘飞机旅行过

2表示一个动作发生在过去,一直持续到现在刚刚结束或者仍在继续。常常与 下列时间状语连用:

—for + 一段时间

I have lear ned En glishfor 8 years

—since +过去的一个时间点

I have lear ned En glish since 2001

—since + 一段时间 + ago

I have lear ned En glish since 8 years ago

—since +时态为一般过去时的时间状语从句

I have lear ned En glish since I was 5 years old

—in the past/last + 时间段

We have had two En glish exams in the past two mon th 近 两个月来我们进行了 2 次 英语考试

Great cha nges have take n place in my hometow n in the past ten year 近十年来我的 家乡发生了巨大的变化。

延续性动词与短暂性动词的用法 现在完成时

He has worked. He has not (has n't )worked . Has he worked ? Yes, he has./ No, he has n't.

现在完成时中, 与一段时间连用时应注意句中的谓语动词须是延续性动词, 非延续性动词不可和一段时间连用。

我离开这所学校已经八年了。

误 :I have left this school for eight years (为 他借用我的词典已经两天了 误: He has borrowed my dictionary for two days ( X )

非延续动词与一段时间连用时,可做相应转化 因此中例句正确形式分别为 我离开这所学校已经八年了。

正 :I have been away from this school for eight years (话 他借用我的词典已经两天了

正: He has kept my dictionary for two days (话

其它非延续性动词与时间段连用时的变形

在否定句中短暂性动词可与段时间连用 I have n't gone to see him for several mon th ( 我已经好几个月没有去看他了) I have n't bought any thi ng for two mon ths

四区分

have been to +地点;表示去过某个地方(已经回来),常与ever, never 几次, 等连用 have gone to +地点:表示到地方去了(还没回来)

have bee n in4地表示到了某个地方(多久了),常与for +段时间连用

比较:He has been to China twice 曾经去过,现在不在中国)

He has gone to China 他到中国去了 .(他可能已在去中国的路上,或已到 中国,总之,现在不在这里)

He has bee n in Chi na for two years 他 到中国已经两年了)

五 对完成时的提问用 how long.....?不能用 when... ?

六现在完成时常用句型

1 It is the first/seco nd time....that...结构中的从句部分,用现在完成时

It is the first time that I have visited the city

这是我第一次参观这座城市

buy f have

fall asleep f be asleep beg in f

be on

join f be in 或 be a member of

come/arrive f be in marry f be

married

borrow f keep, leave f be away die f be dead, retur n f be back get up f be up, catch a cold f have a cold

It is the third time that the boy has bee n late

这是这个男生第三次迟到了

2 This is the... that..结构,that从句要用现在完成时

This is the best film that I 've (ever) see n

这是我看过的最好的电影

This is the first time that I've heard him sing

这是我第一次听他唱歌

3 It is / It has bee n + 时间段+ si nee ...

It has bee n/ It's 5 years since we last met.

自从上一次我们相遇到现在已经是五年了

It's / It has bee n 3 mon ths since the man die(那人死去3 个月了

4 一段时间+完成时结构+ since引导的时间状语从句

Two years has passed since I came here.

七现在完成时和一般过去时的区别

现在完成时表示过去发生的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果,强调的是现在的情况,所以它不能和表示过去的时间状语连用,女口yesterday last night, three weeks ago, in 1998等。而一般过去时只表示过去的动作或状态,和现在不发生联系,它可以和表示过去的时间状语连用

I have seen the film我看过这部电影(我了解这部电影的内容)

I saw the film last week 我上周看了这部电影(只说明sha ngxin gqi

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