【步步高】2015届高考英语 语法专题七 情态动词和虚拟语气 外研版
专题七情态动词和虚拟语气
◆情态动词的考查要点
1．can，be able to 和could
(1)can和be able to都表示能力，意思上没多大区别。但can只有现在和过去时，而be able to则有更多的形式。但当成功地完成某一具体动作时，通常不用could而用was/were able to来表示。这时was/were able to 相当于managed to，表示经过一番努力，终于能够完成某事。
Her mother can speak French.
The wounded man was still able to get to the village and was saved by the villagers in the end.
(2)表示猜测“可能”，一般用于疑问句和否定句。
—Can the news be true?
—It can’t be true.
Someone is knocking at the door.Who could it be?
(3)can可以表示理论上的可能性，指常有的行为或情形，意为“有时会……”。
Anybody can make mistakes.
(4)表示请求、允许(表请求时，口语中常用could代替can使语气更委婉，回答时用can)。Can I go now?
—Could I come to see you tomorrow?
—Yes，you can.(否定答语可用No，I’m afraid not.)
(5)表示惊异、怀疑、不相信的态度(主要用于否定句、疑问句或感叹句中)。
How can that be true？I can’t believe my eyes and ears.
How could you be so careless？！
(6)can的特殊用法。
can but只有；can’t but不得不；can’t...too再怎样也不为过，越……越好
I can but wait.
I can’t but wait.
You can’t be too patient to the customers.
题组训练1
用can，could，be able to的适当形式填空
1．Though the building was on fire，they were able to go out safely.
2．It can’t be the postman at the door. It’s only six o’clock.
3．—How’s your new babysitter?
—We could not ask for a better one. All our kids love her so much.
4．The police s till haven’t found the lost child，but they’re doing all they can. 5．You can’t be too careful when driving.
2．may和might的用法
(1)表示允许、请求，might比may的语言更委婉一些。
—May I watch TV now?
—Yes，you may.(Yes，please.)
—No，you mustn’t.(No，you’d better not.)
(2)表示可能性时，might比may的可能性小，may表示的可能性比can小(主要用于陈述句、肯定或否定句，疑问句用can代替)。
The story may not be true.
(3)表示祝愿(不用might)
May you succeed!
(4)may/might as well最好还是……，不妨
You might as well do it now.
(5)may/might well很可能
He may well be late for class.
题组训练2
用may，might的适当形式填空
1．—I don’t really like James. Why did you invite him?
—Don’t worry. He might/may not come. He said he wasn’t certain what his plans were.
2．—I left my handbag on the train，but luckily someone gave it to a railway official. —How unbelievable to get it back! I mean，someone might have stolen it.
3．As a student，you might/may as well make good use of your time.
4．You may go to school either by bike or by bus.
5．May she rest in peace.
3．must，have to和ought to的用法
(1)must表示“必须，应该，一定要”。强调主观看法，只有现在时形式，否定式是must not(mustn’t)。must开头的问句，其否定回答要用needn’t或don’t have to代替。(2)must表示必然的结果。
All men must die.
(3)must还可表示主语固执、偏要做他人不希望做的事。
It can’t help；he must do that.
(4)have to着重客观需要，能用于更多时态(过去时或将来时)。
He will have to be there before ten.
(5)ought to表示义务和责任，“应该”，比should语气要强。
You ought to take care of yourself.
4．need和dare的用法
(1)need表示“需要，必要”，只能用于否定句和疑问句。在肯定句中，常用must和have to 代替。
(2)dare表示“敢”，通常用于否定句、疑问句和条件状语从句中。
Dare you go home alone at eleven in the evening?
(3)need和dare的特殊用法
①need表“需要”时，可用want，require代替。
The desk needs to be repaired./The desk needs repairing.
②dare作实义动词时，在肯定句中要接to，在疑问句和否定句中to可省去。
He dares to catch a snake.
I do not dare (to) complain.
Do you dare (to) swim in the river?
题组训练3
同义句改写
1．He daren’t go out at night.
He doesn’t dare to go out at night.
2．The flowers need watering.
The flowers need to be watered.
5．will和would的用法
(1)will
①表示请求、建议，常用于第二人称。
Will you please go with me?
②表示意愿、决定、允许。
I will never do that again.
③表示习惯性动作或某种倾向，“总是，惯于”，通常用于第三人称。
Rosa will always be late for school.
(2)would
①表示请求、建议，比will委婉，指现在时间，多用于第二人称。
Would you like a cup of tea?
②表示过去习惯性动作或某种倾向。
We would play badminton on Sundays.
6．shall和should的用法
(1)shall
用于第一、三人称，在问句中表示征求对方意见或请求。
Shall I come in?
用于第二、三人称的陈述句中，表示命令或威胁。
You shall do as your father says.
(2)should
①表示责任、义务，意为“应该”。
②表示惊讶语气，意为“竟然”。
You should wear slippers in class.
③用于条件句，表示“假如，万一”，省去if，should可提至句首。
Should you be late，apologize to the teacher.
7．情态动词表示推测或判断的用法
下表即是表示推测的情态动词使用的场合：
情态动词对现在和未来的推测对过去的推测使用场合
must must＋do must have done 肯定句
may/might may/might＋do may/might have done 肯定句、否定句
can/could can/could do can/could have done 否定句、疑问句(could可用于肯定句)
should 用来表示一种估计的情况
“按理会/估计
会”should do
should have done 肯定句、否定句、疑问句
情态动词＋have done的用法
(1)should have done表示“本来应该做某事而实际上未做”，而shouldn’t have done 则表示“本不应该做某事而实际上做了”。
You should have told me about it earlier.
You shouldn’t have said such words to your parents.
(2)ought to have done也表示“本应该……”，而ought not to have done则意为“本不应该……”。
You ought to have told me about it earlier.
You ought not to have said such words to your parents.
(3)needn’t have done表示“本无必要做某事而实际上做了”。
You needn’t have walked so quickly since time was enough.
(4)could have done表示“本来有可能……而事实上未做到”。
I could have come on time，but my car broke down on the way.
(5)may/might have done表示“过去可能发生过某事”或“本来应该或可以做某事(实际上没做)”。
You might have given him more help, but you were so busy.
题组训练4
1．I could have helped you(我本来可以帮助你的)，but I was too busy then.
2．It’s Sunday. He can’t have gone to school(不可能上学去了)．
3．You know the story very well. You may/might have read it(可能读过) before. 4．You must have gone to bed late(一定是睡得很晚) last night. Your eyes are red. 5．I should/ought to have done my homework(本应该做作业) last night，but I went to the cinema.
◆语法填空
A
One of the many things we take for granted in the twentieth century is the speedy collection and delivery of letters to and from all parts of the world at astonishing cheap rates.
A husband away 1.on a business trip can write to his wife two thousand miles away knowing that the letter will reach 2.her in a few days.His special air-letter may cost him less than 3.a loaf of bread or his own bus fare to work.
This service，however，is a favor of comparatively recent origin.Until modern times the cost of sending letters privately was so great that the 4.arrival(arrive) of a letter was a considerable event and might even cost financial hardship to the receiver 5.who/that had to bear the charges.6.From the Middle Ages on，there were indeed special messengers 7.carrying(carry) state correspondence，and other messengers employed to travel with news between the great monasteries or the great merchants’ houses，but for centuries there was no official post service by which private letters could 8.be sent(send)．It was not until 1840 9.that the official organization known as the Penny Post 10.was established(establish) in Great Britain and gave ordinary people cheap and efficient postal deliveries.
B
It’s important to learn some knowledge about first aid in our daily life.If a person has an accident they need some medical care before a doctor can be found.When 1.you give first aid，you must pay attention to three things：Firstly，when a person 2.stops(stop) breathing，open their mouth 3.to see(see) if there is food at the back of their mouth.Secondly,4.if a person cannot breathe，do your best to start their breathing at once，using a mout h-to-mouth way.Thirdly，if a person is hurt badly，try at once to stop the bleeding，then take them 5.to a doctor.
Many accidents may happen at home，all parents should know how to deal with common 6.injuries(injure) which may happen to their children.When a child 7.is bitten(bite)
by an animal，wash the wound with cold running water.When a child is burnt，wash and cool the area of the skin 8.under the cold tap for a while,9.and then put a piece of dry clean cloth over the burn.
Knowing about some first aid somet imes can save 10.a person’s life.
◆虚拟语气的考查要点
1．虚拟语气用于条件状语从句
(1)表示与现在事实相反的假设，条件状语从句中的谓语动词用一般过去时(be动词用were)，而主句中的谓语动词用“would/should/could/might＋动词原形”。
If I were you，I would buy that house.
If he had time，he should go with you.
(2)表示与过去的事实相反，条件状语从句中的谓语动词用过去完成时，主句中的谓语动词则用“would/should/might/could＋have＋过去分词”。
If he had taken my advice，he would have succeeded in passing the examination.
(3)表示与将来事实相反，条件状语从句中的谓语动词用一般过去时或“should/were to＋动词原形”，而主句中的谓语动词则用“would/should/could/might＋动词原形”。
If it were to rain tomorrow，the football match would be put off.
(4)当条件状语从句表示的行为和主句表示的行为所发生的时间不一致时，动词的形式要根据它所表示的时间作相应调整。
If they had worked hard，they would be very tired now.(从句说的是过去，主句指的是现在)
题组训练5
用所给动词的适当形式填空
1．Maybe if I had studied(study) science，and not literature then，I would be able to give you more help.
2．If I had/should have/were to have(have) time next week，I would go to the party. 3．If I were(be) you，I should go and see the dentist at once.
4．If you had arrived at the station ten minutes earlier，you could/should/would/might have caught(catch) the train.
5．If he were you, he wouldn’t have missed(miss) the concert last night.
2．虚拟语气用于名词性从句
(1)虚拟语气在宾语从句中的运用。
①“wish＋宾语从句”表示不能实现的愿望，译为“要是……就好了”等。表示现在不能实现的愿望，从句中的谓语动词用一般过去时；表示将来不能实现的愿望，从句中的谓语动词用“would/could＋动词原形”；表示过去不能实现的愿望，从句中的谓语动词用“had＋过去分词”或“could/should＋have＋过去分词”。
I wish it were spring all the year round.
I wish I had known the answer.
I wish I could fly like a bird.
②在表示建议、要求、命令等动词后的宾语从句中，谓语动词用“should＋动词原形”，should可以省略。
常见的动词有：suggest，advise，propose，demand，require，insist，request，command，order等。
She suggested we (should) leave here at once.
The doctor ordered she should be operated.
(2)虚拟语气在同位语从句和表语从句中的运用。
表示建议、要求、命令等的名词，如advice，idea，order，demand，plan，proposal，suggestion，request等，其后的表语从句和同位语从句中谓语动词用“(should)＋动词原形”，should可以省略。
His suggestion that we (should) go to Shanghai is wonderful.
My idea is that they (should) pay 100 dollars.
(3)虚拟语气在主语从句中的运用。
在主语从句中，谓语动词的虚拟语气用“(should＋)动词原形”的结构，表示惊奇、不相信、理应如此等。
It is necessary (important，natural，strange，etc.)that we (should) clean the room every day.
It was a pity (a shame，no wonder，etc.)that you (should) be so careless.
It will be desired (suggested，decided，ordered，requested，proposed，etc.)that she (should) finish her homework this afternoon.
注意：这种从句表示的是事实。如果人对这种事实表现出惊奇的情感，就可用虚拟语气；反之，如果不表示惊奇等情感，that从句也可用陈述句语气。
It is a pity that you can’t swim.
题组训练6
用所给词的适当形式填空
1．—Where are the children？The dinner’s going to be completely ruined.
—I wish they weren’t(be，not) always late.
2．It is requested that Class Two (should) give(give) a performance at the English evening.
3．He insisted that a deadline(should) be set (set) for completing the task. 4．My suggestion is that we(should) go(go) without delay.
5．The doctor has given advice that the patient (should) give up(give up) smoking. 3．虚拟语气在其他场合的运用
(1)虚拟语气在as if/as though，even if/even though等引导的表语从句或状语从句中，如果从句表示的动作发生在过去，用过去完成时；指现在状况，则用一般过去时；指将来状况则用过去将来时。
He did it as if he were an expert.
Even if she were here，she could not solve the problem.
(2)虚拟语气用于定语从句中。
这种从句常用于句型“It is (high)time (that)．..”中，定语从句的谓语动词用一般过去时(be用were)或“should＋动词原形”，意思是“(现在)该……”。
It’s time that I picked up my d aughter.
It’s high time we were going.
(3)虚拟语气用在if only引导的感叹句中。
If only I were a pilot.
If only I had taken his advice.
(4)虚拟语气在一些简单句中的运用。
①情态动词的过去式用于现在时态时，表示说话人谦虚、客气、有礼貌或语气委婉，常出现
在日常会话中。
It would be better for you not to stay up too late.
Would you be kind enough to close the door?
②用于一些习惯表达法中。
Would you like a cup of tea?
I would rather not tell you.
◆语法与写作
根据提示翻译下面的句子
1．至于我，应该从我上学的路上开始。(should) (2013·安徽·书面表达)
As for me，it should start on my way to school.
2．因此，我没能够抽出时间及时给你回复。(couldn’t)(2013·山东·写作)
Therefore，I couldn’t spare enough time to write back to you in time.
3．我真诚地希望你们能给我一次机会，我相信我将会成为一个好主席的。(can) (2013·天津·书面表达)
I sincerely hope you can give me a chance and I’m sure I will be a good president. 4．再试一次，他们可能得到他们梦想的东西。(may) (2013·北京·开放作文)
With another try，they may gain what they dream of.
5．如果你们能立刻采取措施我将不胜感激。(would )(2013·重庆·写作
二)
I would appreciate it greatly if you can take action at once.
◆语法填空
A
Jim is a talented man who can do quite a lot of things.He is an honest man as 1.well as a kind man，but he is never at 2.the mercy of anybody.In a way，it’s 3.his/a shortcoming.The other day，he and I went to the zoo together.When he saw the tiger in the distance，he thought of a 4.foolish(fool) idea to control the tiger by attempting 5.to_ride(ride) it！If the adults had not come in time，he wouldn’t have escaped from the jaws of 6.death(die)．Another time I went surfing with him.When he set loose，he surfed 7.in the direction of the middle of the sea without anybody following him.I was next to him at the beginning，8.but he surfed so fast that I couldn’t keep up with him.9.Gradually(gradual)，I couldn’t see him at all.It was not until late in the afternoon 10.that he returned to the shore.
B
It is difficult for parents of nearly every family to teach their children to be responsible for housework，but with one of the following suggestions，you really can get your children to help at home.
If you give your children the 1.impression(impress) that they can never do anything quite right，then they will regard 2.themselves as unfit or unable persons.3.Unless children believe they can succeed，they will never become totally independent. My daughter Carla’s fifth-grade teacher made every child in her class 4.feel(feel) special.When students received less than a perfect test score，she would point out
5.what they had mastered and declared
6.firmly(firm) they could learn what they had missed.
You can see the same technique when you evaluate your 7.children’s(child) work at home.Don’t always scold and give lots of praise in stead.Talk about what he has done right，not about what he hasn’t done.8.If your child completes a difficult task，reward him 9.with a Sunday trip or a ball game with Dad.Learning is a process of trying and failing and trying and succeeding.If you teach your children not to fear 10.a mistake or failure，they will learn faster and achieve success at last.
情态动词与虚拟语气
情态动词与虚拟语气 【语法要点】 情态动词 所谓情态动词是指它含有一定的含义，可以表达某种感情和说话的语气，但是它不可以单独使用 作谓语动词。学习情态动词主要学习英语国家的语言习惯和表达法，特别是在口语中不要过分追求原理，更不要不根据说话场合而进行推理，编造出一些语法结构正确的中文式英语。 一、情态动词的类型 1.只作情态动词的有：must、can、could、may、might、ought to 2.既可作情态动词又可作实义动词的有：need、dare 3.既可作情态动词又可作助动词的有：shall、should、will、would 二、情态动词的特征 1.表示说话人的情感态度，不能单独作谓语，与行为动词或连系动词一起作谓语。 2.情态动词没有人称和数的变化，后接动词原形。 3.具有助动词的特征：可用来构成否定句、疑问句或简短答语。 三、情态动词的用法 1.表示能力 （1）表示现在的能力，用can 或be able to。表示一般的能力时多用can，表示“经过努力成功 的做成某事”用be able to。 （2）表示过去的能力，用could或was/were be able to。区别同上。 （3）表示将来的能力，用will be able to。 2.表示推测、可能性 （1）can 用在肯定句中表示客观的可能性，而不表示具体事情实际发生的可能性。 例如：Accidents can happy on such rainy days. （2）表示具体事情实际发生的可能性的情态动词，其表示可能性的层次如下表： 情态动词肯定式否定式疑问式 must 必定、必然、一定 will 很可能、大概不会、不该会,,吗？ would 可能性较will 小不会、不该（较won’t 弱）会,,吗？（较will 弱） should 应该会、理应（表示合乎理想的情况或结果） ought to 与should 同义 can 一定不会、不可能（否定推测）有可能吗？ could 可疑的可能不可能（与can’t 同义）有可能吗？（较can 弱）may 或许、可能、说不定可能不 might 或许、可能（较may 弱）可能不（较may not 弱） 注意→（1）may，must 常用于肯定句，一般不用于否定句和疑问句。 （2）can 常用于否定句，疑问句和感叹句中，表示疑惑、惊讶或不相信等意思。could 既可用于肯定句，又可用于否定句、疑问句中。
情态动词虚拟语气练习及答案
@ 情态动词和虚拟语气 1. Jack descried his father, who ________a brave boy many years ago, as a strong-wiled man A. would be B. would have been C. must be D. must have been ） 2. —Good morning. I've got an appointment with Miss Smith in the Personnel Department. —Ah, good morning. You _______ be Mrs. Peters. A. might B. must C. would D. can recommend parents _______ their children under 12 to ride bicycles to school for safety. ~ A. not allow B. do not allow C. mustn’t allow D. couldn’t allow 4. You_______ buy a gift, but you can if you want to. A. must B. mustn't C. have to D. don't have to 5. —I haven’t got the reference book yet, but I’ll have a test on the subject next month. —Don’t worry. You________ have it by Friday. A. could B. shall C. must D. may w_w w. k#s 6. I have told you the truth I keep repeating it A. Must B. Can C. May D. Will ~ 7. Doctors say that exercise is important for health, but it _______ be regular exercise. A. can B. will C. must D. may 8. Just be patient. You ________ expect the world to change so soon. A. can’t B. needn’t C. may not D. will not 9. I’m afraid Mr. Harding ________ see you now. He’s busy. A. can’t B. mustn’t C. shouldn’t D. needn’t 10. I _______ have watched that movie—it’ll give me horrible dreams. A. shouldn’t B. needn’t C. couldn’t D. mustn’t < 11. –May I take this book out of the reading room –No, you . You read it in here. A. mightn’t B. won’t C. needn’t D. mustn’t 12. —Sorry, Professor Smith. I didn't finish the assignment yesterday. — Oh, you _________ have done it as yesterday was the deadline. A. must B. mustn't C. should D. shouldn't 13. — _______ I take the book out —I'm afraid not. *
2018年高考英语真题分类汇编 专题06 情态动词和虚拟语气 含答案
专题六情态动词和虚拟语气 1.【2015·北京】29．—Can’t you stay a little longer? —It’s getting late. I really _____go now, My daughter is home alone. A .may B .can C . must D .dare 【答案】C 【解析】 试题分析：句意：——你不能再多待会儿吗?——很晚了，我必须得走了.我女儿一个人在家.A. may可能，可以，也许；B. can能，会；C. must必须，必然要，必定会；D. dare敢，胆敢.结合句意，故选C. 【考点定位】考查情态动词辨析 【名师点睛】本题是考查情态动词，这里考查的是语气的强度，在这里结合语境是“一定”的意思，所以要做好此类辨析题需掌握情态动词选项的语气并结合语境. 2.【2015·北京】34. If I _____it with my own eyes ,I wouldn’t have believed it. A . didn’t see B. weren’t seeing C. wouldn’t see D. hadn’t seen 【答案】D 【解析】 试题分析：句意：如果不是我亲眼看到，我不会相信.根据后半句wouldn’t have believed 可以判断是对过去的虚拟.所以从句是if+主语+ had+done的形式.故选D. 【考点定位】虚拟语气 【名师点睛】条件句中有if引导时,首先要根据句意和句子结构判断是真实条件句还是虚拟条件句,如果符合虚拟的结构,就可以根据句子中的时间和语意判断应该用哪种虚拟语气. 3.【2015·重庆】7. Without his wartime experiences, Hemingway____ his famous novel A Farewell to Arms. A.d idn’t write B. hadn’t written C. wouldn’t write D. wouldn’t have written 【答案】D 【解析】 试题分析：句意：没有他战时的经验，海明威就不可能写出著名的小说永别了武器.根据without his wartime experience没有战时的经历，可知表示对于过去的否定猜测，故主句
情态动词与虚拟语气
一．情态动词 1.---Could I borrow your dictionary? ----Yes,of course you_____. A.might B. will C. can D. should 2.---Shall we go skating or stay at home? ----Which _____do yourself? A.do you rather B.would you rather C.will you rather D.should you rather 3.It’s nearly seven o’clock.Jack ___be here at any moment. A. must B need C should D can 4.A computer __think for itself ,it must be told what to do. A. can’t B couldn’t C may not D might 5. Johnny,you ___play with the knife.You ___hurt yourself. A.won’t ;can’t B. mustn’t; may C. shouldn’t; must D. can’t; shouldn’t 6.—Shall I tell John about it? -----No,you _____.I’ve told him already. A. needn’t B.wouldn’t C. mustn’t D. shouldn’t 7.---Don’t forget to come to my birthday party tomorrow. ----______. A.I don’t B.I won’t C.I can’t D.I haven’t 8.He ____you more help,even though he was busy. A.might have given B.might give C.may have given D.may give 9.----There were already five people in the car but they managed to take me as well. ---It ___a comfortbable journey. A.can’t be B.shouldn’t be C.mustn’t have been D.couldn’t have been 10.I told Sally how to get there ,but perhaps I ___for her. A.had to write it out B.must to have written it out C.should have written it out D.ought to write it out 11.---When can I come for photos?I need them tomorrow afternoon. ---They ___be ready by 12:00. A.can B. should C might D need 12.---I stayed at a hotel while in New York. ----Oh,did you?You ____with Barbara. A.could have stayed B.could stay C.would stay D.must have stayed 13.-----Alice, you feed the bird today.____? -----But I fed it yesterday. A.do you B.will you C.didn’t you D.don’t you 14.The fire spread through the hotel very quickly but everyone ____get out. A.had to B.would C.was able to D.could
情态动词和虚拟语气
情态动词和虚拟语气 情态动词的用法要点 一、表能力 Can Am/is/are able to 表现在的能力 Will be able to 表将来的能力 could Was/were able to 表过去得能力 Could have+过去分词：表示过去有能力做但未做 二、表推测（可能性） 1.可能性可分为客观的可能性和具体事情实际发生的可能性两种。所谓客观的（理论的）可能性即并不涉及 具体某事是否会发生，此种用法常常可以说明人或事物的特征。情态动词can可用于肯定句中表示客观的（理论的）可能性，而表示具体事情实际发生的可能性时，can一般不用于肯定句。 Accidents can happen on such rainy days. We may go to the cinema tonight, but we are not sure yet. 2.表示具体事情实际发生的可能性： （2）表示具体事情实际发生的可能性时，may, must 常用于肯定句，一般不用于否定句和疑问句（may not 表示“可能不”）；can常用于否定句、疑问句或感叹句中，表示疑惑、惊讶或不相信等意思；could既可用于肯定句又可用于否定句、疑问句中。 This can’t/ couldn’t be done by him. This may not be done by him. He could be on his way home now. Can this be done by him? Mr Mush is on time for everything. How can it be that he was late for the opening ceremony? I didn’t hear the phone. I must have been asleep. ---Are you coming to Jeff’party? ---I’m not sure. I might go to the concert instead. (3) would, could, should, might 并不一定与过去时间有关，而表示可能性弱于它们相应的现在时形式。 This may/ might be done by him. (4)should 表推测时，表示确定或可能有的未来或期望，即合乎理想的情况或结果 He ought to/ should be here on time---he started early enough. We should arrive before dark. The roads should be less crowded today. 三、表示请求、允许、允诺 1.当对方是决策者时，你代表你（们）自己（I, we），或代表第三者（he she they）向对方（you）请示或提 出建议时用：
2018年专四真题虚拟语气和情态动词 章振邦语法书页数标注
Subjunctive mood (P122, p. 129. P 143 动词过去完成体P181-190, 395)条件句 14. “I wondered if I could have a word with you.” The past tense in the sentence refers to a __B___. (p128) 2017 A. past event for exact time reference B. present event for tentativeness C. present event for uncertainty D. past event for politeness V. in specific contexts, the simple past can also denote the present or the future time. There are two uses. One is known as the attitudinal past (属于“表态性过去时” (attitudinal past), 即表示说话人当前的试探性态度, 而非过去时间, 多用于表示意愿或心理状态的动词) , that is , the past tense is associated with the present time in independent clauses expressing a question, request or suggestion. Its effect is to make the question/request/suggestion less direct, implying a polite, somewhat tentative attitude试探性态度，婉转语气on the part of the speaker. A: Did you want me? B.Yes, I wondered if you could give me some help . Want, wonder, think, hope
情态动词和虚拟语气
要点一情态动词的基本用法 ,could 【温馨提示】 can有时也用于肯定句,表示理论上的可能性或一时的情况。常译为“有时会”。 ,might 【温馨提示】 may表示请求许可时,其否定回答一般用mustn’t。may not意为“可能不”,而can’t意为“不可能”。 ,would 【温馨提示】 would表示过去的习惯时仅指动作,而且不与现在作对比;used to表示过去的习惯动作或状态,而且与现在作对比,说明现在这种动作或状态已经不存在。
,should,ought to ,have to 【温馨提示】 (1)在回答must的问句时,否定回答通常用needn’t或don’t have to。(2) mustn’t表示“禁止;不许”;而don’t have to表示“不必”。(3) must只有一种形式,而have to有人称、时态的变化。 的用法 的用法
【温馨提示】 (1)dare用作情态动词有dare,dared两种形式。 (2)dare用作实义动词,后接不定式,不定式符号to可省去,但dare以动词-ing形式出现时,不定式符号to不能省略。 要点二“情态动词+have done ”的用法 have done表示对过去已发生的事情进行肯定的推断,只用于肯定句中,意为“一定,必定”,其否定形式为:can’t/cannot have done。 It must have rained last night,for the road was quite wet. 昨晚肯定下雨了,因为路面十分潮湿。 I saw Mr Wang just can’t have gone abroad. 刚刚我还看见王先生了,他不可能已经出国了。 have done意为“本来可以……,本来能够……”,表示虚拟语气。 You could have made greater progress,but you didn’t try your best. 你本来可以取得更大的进步,但是你没有努力。 might have done表示对过去已发生的事情进行推断,意为“可能/或许已经……”。其否定形式为: may/might not have done意为“可能没有做……”。 It’s no use going to his may not have gone may have gone somewhere else. 去他家没用。他可能没有回家,可能已经去了别的地方。 ought to have done表示本应该做某事,却没有做,含有责备或后悔之意。其否定形式为should not/ought not to
情态动词和虚拟语气
谓语动词(情态动词、虚拟语气) 要点一情态动词的基本用法 【温馨提示】can有时也用于肯定句,表示理论上的可能性或一时的情况。常译为“有时会”。 2.may,might 【温馨提示】may表示请求许可时,其否定回答一般用mustn’t。may not意为“可能不”,而can’t意为“不可能”。 【温馨提示】would表示过去的习惯时仅指动作,而且不与现在作对比;used to表示过去的习惯动作或状态,而且与现在作对比,说明现在这种动作或状态已经不存在。 4.shall,should,ought to
5.must,have to 【温馨提示】 (1)在回答must 的问句时,否定回答通常用 needn ’t 或don ’t have to 。(2) mustn ’t 表示“禁止;不许”;而don ’t have to 表示“不必”。(3) must 只有一种形式,而have to 有人称、时态的变化。 7.dare 的用法 【温馨提示】 (1)dare 用作情态动词有dare,dared 两种形式。 (2)dare 用作实义动词,后接不定式,不定式符号to 可省去,但dare 以动词-ing 形式出现时,不定式符号to 不能省略。 要点二 “情态动词+have done ”的用法 1.must have done 表示对过去已发生的事情进行肯定的推断,只用于肯定句中,意为“一定,必定”,其否定形式为:can ’t/cannot have done 。 It must have rained last night,for the road was quite wet. 昨晚肯定下雨了,因为路面十分潮湿。 I saw Mr Wang just now.He can ’t have gone abroad. 刚刚我还看见王先生了,他不可能已经出国了。 2.could have done 意为“本来可以……,本来能够……”,表示虚拟语气。 You could have made greater progress,but you didn ’t try your best. 你本来可以取得更大的进步,但是你没有努力。 3.may/might have done 表示对过去已发生的事情进行推断,意为“可能/或许已经……”。其否定形式为: may/might not have done 意为“可能没有做……”。 It ’s no use going to his house.He may not have gone home.He may have gone somewhere else. 去他家没用。 他可能没有回家,可能已经去了别的地方。 4.should/ought to have done 表示本应该做某事,却没有做,含有责备或后悔之意。其否定形式为should not/ought not to have done 表示“本不该做某事却做了”。
(完整版)含有情态动词的虚拟语气
“would+have+done”虚拟语气，表示对过去事情的假设，意思是“本来会做” 1. I would have told you all about the boy's story, but you didn't ask me. 我本来会告诉你这个小男孩的故事，但是你没有问我。 2. Without your help, I wouldn't have achieved so much. 没有你的帮助，我是不会取得如此大的成绩。“could+have+done”是虚拟语气，表示对过去事情的假设，意思是本来能够做某事而没有做。 He could have passed the exam, but he was too careless. 本来他能够通过考试，但是他太粗心。 请看相关知识点： 一、“must+have+done”表示对过去事情的肯定推测，译成“一定做过某事”，该结构只用于肯定句。 1. It must have rained last night, for the ground is wet. 昨晚一定下雨了，因为地面还是湿的。 2. You must have been mad to speak to the servant. 你和仆人说话，一定是发疯了。 二、“can't+have+done”表示对过去事情的否定推测，译成“不可能做过某事”。 1. Mr. Smith can't have gone to Beijing, for I saw him in the library just now. 史密斯先生不可能去北京了，我刚才还在图书馆见过他。 2. Mary can't have stolen your money. She has gone home. 玛丽不可能偷你的钱，她回家去了。 三、“can+have+done”表示对过去行为的怀疑，用于疑问句，译成“可能做过……吗？”。 1. There is no light in the room. Can they have gone out? 屋里没有灯，他们可能出去了吗？ 2. There is nowhere to find them. Where can they have gone? 到处找不到他们，他们可能到什么地方去呢？ 四、“could+have+done”是虚拟语气，表示对过去事情的假设，意思是本来能够做某事而没有做。 He could have passed the exam, but he was too careless. 本来他能够通过考试，但是他太粗心。 五、“may+have+done”表示对发生过的事情的推测，意思是“可能已经”或“也许已经”，用于肯定句中。 —What has happened to George? —I don't know. He may have got lost. —乔治发生了什么事？
情态动词和虚拟语气
高效演练·跟踪检测区 语法填空 阅读下面材料, 在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。 1 Long ago, there was a mother and a son living in a house. She worked hard every day, but they were always poor. One day, her son stol e his friend’s bag. “Mom, 1. do you think of this bag? ”His mother 2. (scold)him, but she didn’t. “It looks great! ” The next time, he stole an overcoat. She praised him again after he stole it. A few years later, he grew up to be 3. young man. He stole jewelry and brought them to his mother. “How beautiful! ”This time, she did not scold her son again. Then, 4. he was pleased by his mother, he started to steal 5. (expensive)things. One day, the police caught him. Before putting him in jail, he begged the police to meet his mother. They took 6. to his mother. As soon as he saw his mother, he hit her ear lobe. “Ouch! What’s the matter with you? ”She finally scolded him. Her son answered, “If you 7. (give)me a scolding like that when I stole the first bag, I could not have become a thief. ” She collapsed as she looked at her son 8. (head)for the prison. “If only I 9. turn back time, I would scold him 10. (severe). ”Sh e regretted that she had always praised him, whatever he did.
2019年高考英语真题专题06 情态动词和虚拟语气
三年（2017-2019）年高考真题分项汇编 专题06 情态动词和虚拟语气 一、2019年高考真题 1.【2019·江苏卷·单项填空】31.What a pity! You missed the sightseeing, or we _________a good time together. A. had B. will have C. would have had D. had had 【答案】C 【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：真遗憾！你错过了这次观光，否则，我们本应该在一起度过一段愉快时光的。根据上文，可知是对过去事情的虚拟，与过去事实相反的假设。其句子结构为：从句：If+主语+过去完成时+其他，主句：主语+should(would, could, might)+现在完成时+其他，故选C。 2.【2019·天津卷·单项填空】14.The workers were not better organized, otherwise they ____________ the task in half the time. A. accomplished B. had accomplished C. would accomplish D. would have accomplished 【答案】D 【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：工人们没有被更好的组织起来，否则他们用一半的时间就能完成任务。根据上句the workers were not better organized可知，这是对过去事情的虚拟。与过去事实相反的假设。其句子结构为：从句：If+主语+过去完成时+其他，主句：主语+should(would, could, might)+现在完成时+其他，故选D。 二、2018年高考真题 1.【2018·江苏】24. It’s strange that he _______ have taken the books without the owner’s permission. A. would B. should C. could D. might 【答案】B 【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：真奇怪，他竟然没有主人的允许就拿走了这些书。在句型”It is important/necessary/strange/impossible/natural that...”中，其中由that引导的主语从句通常用“should+动词原形”这样的虚拟语气，其中的should可以省略。故选B。 点睛：本题考查虚拟语气。It is important/necessary/strange/impossible/natural that... 主语从句多数情况下用虚拟语气，表达一种要求、命令或者责备、建议或主观看法。但是如果只是表示陈述一个事实而不是强烈的感情，完全可以用一般的陈述语气。试比较：It is strange that he had made a mistake.（陈述一个事实：他犯
情态动词和虚拟语气
情态动词和虚拟语气 1. --- I haven't got the reference book yet, but I'll have a test on the subject next month. --- Don't worry. You_______ have it by Friday. A. could B. shall C. must D. may 2. --- I left my handbag on the train, but luckily someone gave it to a railway official. --- How unbelievable to get it back! I mean, someone_______ it. A. will have stolen B. might have stolen C. should have stolen D. must have stolen 3. --- She looks very happy. She_______ have passed the exam. --- I guess so. It’s not difficult after all. A. should B. could C. must D. might 4. George is going to talk about the geography of his country, but I’d rather he_______ more on its culture. A. focus B. focused C. would focus D. had focused 5. --- I’m sorry. I _______ at you the other day. --- Forget it. I was a bit out of control myself. A. shouldn’t shout B. shouldn’t have shouted C. mustn’t shout D. mustn’t have shouted 6. --- ________the plane have taken off on time? --- I'm afraid not. So many flights were delayed due to the bitterly cold weather. A. Need B. Should C. Can D. Must 7. --- I didn't attend Tom's wedding yesterday. --- I _________, either, if my friend hadn't reminded me. A. wouldn't B. wouldn't have C. didn't D. hadn't 8. We’re still at the airport. If it weren’t for the delayed flight, we ___________ the concert right now. A. can be enjoying B. must have enjoyed C. would be enjoying D. should have enjoyed 9. For environmental reasons, we _____________ as well take these waste products and have them recycled.
2017-2019高考英语真题分类解析---情态动词和虚拟语气
2017-2019高考英语真题分类解析-----情态动词和虚拟语气 一、2019年高考真题 1.【2019·江苏卷·单项填空】31.What a pity! You missed the sightseeing, or we _________a good time together. A. had B. will have C. would have had D. had had 【答案】C 【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：真遗憾！你错过了这次观光，否则，我们本应该在一起度过一段愉快时光的。根据上文，可知是对过去事情的虚拟，与过去事实相反的假设。其句子结构为：从句：If+主语+过去完成时+其他，主句：主语+should(would, could, might)+现在完成时+其他，故选C。 2.【2019·天津卷·单项填空】14.The workers were not better organized, otherwise they ____________ the task in half the time. A. accomplished B. had accomplished C. would accomplish D. would have accomplished 【答案】D 【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：工人们没有被更好的组织起来，否则他们用一半的时间就能完成任务。根据上句the workers were not better organized可知，这是对过去事情的虚拟。与过去事实相反的假设。其句子结构为：从句：If+主语+过去完成时+其他，主句：主语+should(would, could, might)+现在完成时+其他，故选D。 二、2018年高考真题 1.【2018·江苏】24. It’s strange that he _______ have taken the books without the owner’s permission. A. would B. should C. could D. might 【答案】B 【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：真奇怪，他竟然没有主人的允许就拿走了这些书。在句型”It is important/necessary/strange/impossible/natural that...”中，其中由that引导的主语从句通常用“should+动词原形”这样的虚拟语气，其中的should可以省略。故选B。 点睛：本题考查虚拟语气。It is important/necessary/strange/impossible/natural that... 主语从句多数情况下用虚拟语气，表达一种要求、命令或者责备、建议或主观看法。但是如果只是表示陈述一个事实而不是强烈的感情，完全可以用一般的陈述语气。试比较：It is strange that he had made a mistake.（陈述一个事实：他犯了错误让人有点奇怪。）It is strange that he (should) have made a mistake. （虚拟语气，说话者是在责备他本
情态动词和虚拟语气
第一课 1、I often see lights in that empty house.Do you think I report it to the police? A、should B、may C、will D、can 2、----The room is so dirty. we clean it? ----Of course. A、Will B、Shall C、Would D、Do 3、My English—Chinese dictionary has disappeared.Who have taken it? A、should B、must C、could D、would 4、It is suggested that a doctor immediately. A、be sent for B、send for C、is send for D、should send for 5、When he was there,he go to that coffee shop at the corner after work every day. A、would B、should C、had better D、might 6、Mary never does any reading in the evening, . A、so does John B、John does too C、John doesn’t too D、nor does John 7、----The computer is still on,could you have forgotten to turn it off? ----Yes,I . A、could have B、could C、must D、might have 8、Research findings show we spend about two hours dreaming every night,no matter what we during the day. A、may have done B、would have done C、must have done D、should have done 9、It’s 4 p.m.now and we’ve covered most of the distance.We arrive before dark. A、would B、should C、would rather D、have to 10、When the police took the suspect to the police station,he insisted that he the lady’s purse and that he free. A、not steal;be set B、didn’t steal;was set C、not steal;should be D、didn’t steal;be set 11、Jenny have kept her word.I wonder why she changed her mind. A、must B、should C、need D、would 12、he knew nothing about her. A、He appears as if B、It seems that C、It appears as if D、It seems as if 13、Peter come with us tonight,but he isn’t sure. A、must B、may C、can D、will 14、Helen go on the trip with us,but she isn’t quite sure yet. A、shall B、must C、may D、can 15、----There were already five people in the car,but they managed to take me as well.