过去分词精讲精练(修改)

过去分词精讲精练

一．基本概念

★1. 过去分词的形式：_____________

★2. 过去分词的语法功能：

▼1) 过去分词作表语，主要表示主语的心理感觉或所处的状态。如：

Don’t touch the glass because it is ___________. 不要碰那个杯子，它是坏的。（表________）

He is quite _________ with the design of the dress. 她很喜欢那礼服的式样。(表___________)

▼2) 过去分词做定语：

单个的过去分词作定语一般放在名词的________，相当于一个定语从句。如：

The __________ people rushed into the building. 激动的人们奔进了大楼。

We need more qualified teachers. 我们需要更多合格的教师。

过去分词短语作定语通常放在被修饰的词_________，相当于一个定语从句。如：

Is there anything planned for tomorrow? 明天有什么活动吗？

The suggestion made by the foreign expert was adopted by the manager. 外国专家提出来的建议被经理采纳了。

过去分词作定语也可用作非限制性定语，前后用逗号隔开。如：

The books, _________by Lu Xun, are popular with many Chinese people.这些书是鲁迅写的，受到了许多中国人民的喜爱。The meeting, __________ by one thousand students, was a success. 这次会议获得很大的成功，共有一千个学生出席了。

▼3) 过去分词做状语：

①表时间，相当于一个时间状语从句，有时过去分词前可加连词when或while来强调时间概念。如：

_____________________________, the city looked like a big garden. 从山顶上看，这个城市就像一个大花园。Accepted by the Party, he decided to devote his life to the cause of the Party.

入党以后，他决定献身于党的事业。

__________________________________________, the boy kept silent. 当那个男孩被问到为何来这里时，他沉默不语。

②表原因，相当于一个原因状语从句。如：

_________________________________, the excited people stopped quarrelling with each other.

激动的人们被那个故事深深地感动了，停止了争吵。

_____________________________________, the young people made up their minds to take up the struggle.

受到了讲演的鼓舞，年轻人决定起来从事斗争。

③表条件，相当于一个条件状语从句，有时过去分词前可用if等词。如：

_____________________________________, he will do better. 再给他一次机会，他会做得更好。

______________________________________, you should make greater efforts to study English.

和你哥哥相比，你应该更加努力学习英语。

_________________, water can be turned into steam. 水如果被加热，会变成水蒸气。

④表让步，相当于一个though/although引导的让步状语从句。如：

Exhausted by the running, they went on running after the robber.

尽管已经跑得筋疲力尽，他们还是继续追赶着那个强盗。

__________________________, he continued his study. 尽管被许多人嘲笑，他还是继续他的研究。

⑤表方式或伴随情况。如：

The old man went into the room, supported by his wife. 那个老人在他的妻子的搀扶下走进了房间。

___________________, my father and I were talking about my job. 我和父亲坐在桌子旁边讨论着我的工作问题。

▼4) 过去分词作补足语：

过去分词可以在see, hear, notice, watch, feel, find, （感官动词）get, have, make, leave, keep（役使动词）等词后与一名词或代词构成复合宾语，用作宾语补足语。如：

When will you go to the hospital and have your tooth examined? 你什么时候去医院检查你的牙齿？

When you are making a speech, you should speak louder to make yourself __________.

当你在作报告时，你应该讲响一点使自己被人听清。

当这类句子变成被动语态时，过去分词用作主语补足语。如：

One of the glasses was found broken. 有人发现其中一个杯子破了。

They should be kept informed of the situation there. 应该让他们知道那儿的形势。

二、特别提醒

◆1. 过去分词作状语时，它的逻辑主语一般必须和___________的主语相一致。如：

When asked why he came here, the boy kept silent.当那个男孩被问到为何来这里时，他沉默不语。

Born and brought up in the countryside, he was interested in biology.

由于在农村出生并长大，他对生物很感兴趣。

如果过去分词的逻辑主语和句子主语不一致，必须使用过去分词的独立主格结构。

All our savings gone, we started looking for jobs. 积蓄全部用完了,我们就开始找工作. (All our savings gone是过去分词的独立主格结构)

He rushed into the room, his face covered with sweat. 他满脸是汗冲进屋内. (his face covered with sweat是过去分词的独立主格结构)

◆2. 动词have后所接的三种宾语补语：

have sb./sth. do不定式作补语必须省去to, 不定式动作由宾语发出，表示一次性的动作。如：

I had the workers ________ the job for me. 我让工人们替我完成了工作。

Jim often has his father __________ him with his homework. 吉姆经常让他的父亲帮助做家庭作业。

have sb. /sth. doing-ing分词作补语，分词动作也由宾语发出，强调动作的延续或正在进行;还可以表示一定的感情色彩。如：

They had the tractor __________ all the time. 他们让拖拉机一直工作着。

We won’t have the child __________ to his mother like that. 我们不能让那个孩子那样对他的妈妈说话。

have sb./sth. done过去分词作补语，宾语和补足语之间有逻辑上的被动关系，通常有两种情况：

①主语让别人做某事，强调主语的意志。如：

He had his hair ________yesterday. 他昨天理发了。

Later on the center had a great many new trees __________. 后来，这个中心让人种了很多树。

②主语遭到某种不幸或陷入恶劣的环境，说明宾语的一种无意识的被动行为。如：

He had his leg __________ in the match last month. 他在上星期的比赛中摔断了腿。

He had one eye __________ in the war. 在战争中，他失去了一只眼睛。

◆3. 非谓语动词的被动式作定语的三种形式：

the bridge ______________ 将要建造的桥（表示将来的动作）

the bridge ________________ 正在建造的桥（表示正在进行的动作）

the bridge _________ 造好的桥（表示完成的动作）

◆4. 过去分词和–ing分词作表语的区别：

过去分词作表语通常表示主语所处的状态或感受，而-ing分词作表语多表示主语所具有的特征，如：

Hearing the news, we felt very surprised. 听到那个消息，我们感到很惊讶

The news is very surprising. 这个消息很令人惊讶。

They were frightened to hear the frightening sound. 他们听到那可怕的声音很害怕。

At the sight of the moving scene, all the people present were moved to tears.

看到这么动人的情景，所有在场的人都感动得流下了眼泪。

英语中这样的分词还有很多，如：amusing, amused; encouraging, encouraged; disappointing, disappointed; exciting, excited; puzzling, puzzled; satisfying, satisfi ed; worrying, worried; tiring, tired; pleasing, pleased; interesting, interested; astonishing, astonished 等。

5. 过去分词和–ing分词作定语的区别：

过去分词作定语和-ing分词作定语有一定的区别。试比较下面几组短语：

_____________water开水________________ water正沸腾的水

_____________ countries发展的国家________________ countries发展中国家

_____________ leaves落叶________________ leaves 正在飘落的叶子

______________ condition改变了的情况 _________________ condition变化着的情况

由此可见，过去分词作定语通常表示完成的或被动的动作；而-ing分词作定语可以表示正在进行的主动的动作。三．提高练习

1. I’m going to have my car ________ .

A. to be fixed

B. to fix

C. fixed

D. to fix

2. What’s the language ______ in Germany?

A. speaking

B. spoken

C. be spoken

D. to speak

3. ______ some officials, Napoleon inspected his army.

A. Followed

B. Followed by

C. Being followed

D. having been followed by

4. He had his leg _______ in the match yesterday.

A. to break

B. broken

C. break

D. breaking

5. Most of the people _______ to the party were famous scientists.

A. invited

B. to invite

C. being invited

D. inviting

6. ________ more attention, the trees could have grown better.

A. Given

B. To give

C. Giving

D. Having given

7. The murderer was brought in, with his hands _________ behind his back.

A. being tied

B. having tied

C. to be tied

D. tied

8. The computer center, _______ last year, is very popular among the students in this school.

A. open

B. opening

C. having opened

D. opened

9. ________ in thought, he almost ran into the car in front of him.

A. Losing

B. Having lost

C. Lost

D. To lose

10. The Olympic Games, _________ in 776BC, didn’t include women players until 1912.

A. first played

B. to be first played

C. first playing

D. to be first played

11. Don’t get _________ in the rain.

A. to be caught

B. catching

C. to catch

D. caught

12. I found a car _________ in a pool by the side of the road.

A. to be stuck

B. stuck

C. sticking

D. stick

13. ---By the way, when did you get your bedroom _______ ? ---Last week.

A. to paint

B. painted

C. painting

D. to be painted

14. The children were found _________ in the cave.

A. trapping

B. trapped

C. to be trapped

D. be trapped

15. They found a ______ old woman _______ on the ground when the door was broken down.

A. dying, lying

B. dead, lied

C. death, laying

D. died, lain

16. On a _____ morning the little girl was found _______ at the corner of the street.

A. freezing, freezing

B. freezing, frozen

C. frozen, frozen

D. frozen, freezing

17. No one enjoys ______ fun of in public.

A. making

B. being made

C. to be made

D. to make

18. Before he came to London, he had never heard a single English word _____.

A. speaking

B. spoken

C. to be spoken

D. speak

19. ______ from space, the earth, with water _______ seventy percent of its surface, looks like a blue ball.

A. Seen, covered

B. Seen, covering

C. Seeing, covering

D. Seeing, covered

20. An _________ crowd is awaiting the arrival of the film star.

A. excited

B. exciting

C. excite

D. excitedly

1---5 C B B B A 6---10 A D D C A

11—15 D B B B A 16---20 B B B B A

四. 高考真题：

1. As soon as she entered the room, the girl caught sight of the flowers ______ by her mother. (上海' 93)

A. buying

B. being bought

C. were bought

D. bought

2. The first textbooks ______ for teaching English as a foreign language came out in the 16th century. (NMET ' 94)

A. having written

B. to be written

C. being written

D. written

3. The Olympic Games, ______ in 776 B.C., did not include women players until 1912. (NMET ' 97)

A. first playing

B. to be first played

C. first played

D. to be first playing

4. Prices of daily goods ______ through a computer can be lower than store prices.(NMET2002)

A. are bought

B. bought

C. been bought

D. buying

5. Most of the artists ______ to the party were from South Africa. (MET ' 90)

A. invited

B. to invite

C. being invited

D. had been invited

6. Don't use words, expressions or phrases ______ only to people with specific knowledge. (上海2002)

A. being known

B. having been known

C. to be known

D. known

7. What's the language ______ in Germany? (MET ' 87)

A. speaking

B. spoken

C. be spoken

D. to speak

8. The computer center, ______ last year, is very popular among the students in this school. (NMET ' 93)

A. open

B. opening

C. having opened

D. opened

9. If you go to Xi'an, you will find the palaces there more magnificent than commonly ______ . (上海' 94)

A. supposing

B. supposed

C. to suppose

D. suppose

10. _____ in thought, he almost ran into the car in front of him. (NMET'96)

A. Losing

B. Having lost

C. Lost

D. To lose

11. European football is played in 80 countries,_______ it the most popular sport in the world. (NMET' 98)

A. making

B. makes

C. made

D. to make

12. If______________the same treatment again, he is sure to get well. (上海'98)

A. giving

B. give

C. given

D. being given

13. The research is so designed that once_______ nothing can be done to change it. (NMET2002)

A. begins

B. having begun

C. beginning_______

D. begun

14. ______ some officials, Napoleon inspected his army. (MET' 84)

A. Followed

B. Followed by

C. Being followed

D. Having been followed by

Key:1-5 DDCBA 6-10 DBDBC 11-14 ACDB