初中英语名词知识点

初中英语名词知识点
初中英语名词知识点

名词的分类:名词分为专有名词和普通名词。

1、专有名词:个人,地方,机构等专有名称,如:China,Shanghai,Lilei等。专有名词的首字母通常要大写。具体说来,它包括人名、地名、月份、星期、节日、书名、电影名以及某些抽象名词等。如:Jim吉姆China中国July七Friday星期五Christmas圣诞节English 英语

2、普通名词:指表示一类人或东西或抽象概念的名词。

1)个体名词:某类人或东西中的个体,如fighter,gun,country,cup,desk,student等。一般可数,有单复数形式。

2)集体名词:若干个体组成的集合体,如family,team,police,class等。一般可数,有单复数形式

3)物质名词:无法分为个体的实物,如cotton,tea,air等。一般不可数,没有单复数之分。

4)抽象名词:动作,状态,品质,感情等抽象概念。如health,happiness,love,work,life 等。一般不可数,没有单复数之分。

名词的所有格:

1、's 所有格:

1)构成:

A. 一般词尾+ 's.:the teacher's office, Xiao Li's sister's husband's mother.

B. 以s 结尾的复数名词只+"' ": workers' rest room.

C. 不以s结尾的复数名词加's: children's toys.

D. 复合名词只在最后一个词的后面加's:my sister-in-law's brother.

E. 表示共同所有的几个名词,只在最后一个词的后面加's:This is Tom, James and Dick's room.

F. 表示各个所有关系的几个名词,在每个名词后分别加's:

Jenny's, Jean's and Mary's rooms face to the south.

G. 名词短语只在最后一个词后加's:a quarter of an hour's talk.

2)用法:

A. 名词所有格主要用于表示有生命的名词,表示所属关系:Lei Feng's dairy.

B. 用于表示时间的名词:today's paper. an hour's drive. Friday's work.

C. 用于表示地理、国家、城市等名词:the country's plan. the farm's fruit. China's population.

D. 用于表示由人组成的集体名词: our party's stand

E. 用于表示度量、价值的名词: two dollars' worth of books. a pound's weight.

2、of所有格:

1)凡不能用's 属格的情况可用of 属格表示所属关系:

the City of New York. a map of China.

2)下列情况通常要用of 属格:

A. 当名词有较长的定语时:

the name of the girl standing at the gate.

Have you read the articles of the students who were with us yesterday.

初中英语知识点:名词所有格用法

以-s结尾的单数名词加"'"或"'s"构成所有格;以-s或-es结尾的复数名词只加"'";不规则复数名词在词尾加"'s";两者或两者以上共同所有,把"'s"加在最后的名词上;表示各自拥有某件东西时,每个名词都要用所有格形式。

_________fathers are both scientists.[ 咸宁]

A.Jim's and Bob B.Jim's and Bob's C.Jim and Bob's D.Jim and Bob

[答案]B。[解析]当两个人分别拥有时,要在每个人后都加名词所有格的标志"'s"来表达。吉姆的父亲和鲍勃的父亲不是一个人,所以在其后都加"'s",故选B。

_____room is big and bright.They like it very much.[河北]

A.Tom and Sam B.Tom's find Sam C.Tom and Sam's D.Tom's and Sam's

[答案]C。[解析]本题考查名词所有格的用法。表示两人共同拥有某一事物时,只需要在第二个人的后面加"'s"。故选C。

―How's Joy's skirt? ―Her skirt is more beautiful than . [ 兰州]

A. her sister's and Kate

B. her sister and Kate

C. her sister and Kate's

D. her sister's and Kate's

[答案] D。[解析]当某物为几个人所共有时,只在最后一个名词后用所有格形式;如表示两者或两者以上分别所有,应在每个名词后用所有格形式。

初中英语名词知识点:可数名词和不可数名词

英语中的绝大多数名词既可以用作可数名词也可以用作不可数名词。

1.可数名词

可数名词一般可以分成以下三类:

第一类:如bike,desk,factory等,这类名词占可数名词的多数。以bike为例:

There are fifty bikes at this shop.这家商店有50辆自行车。

第二类:如clothes等,本身表示复数形式。以clothes为例:

She cares for nice clothes.她爱好穿着。

2.不可数名词

不可数名词的用法特征主要有以下几种:

(1)不带冠词的单数形式需用动词单数作谓语。例如:

Knowledge is power.知识就是力量。

(2)由much,little等词修饰。例如:

They have saved much money for future use.他们存了很多钱以备未来使用。

(3)与表示单位的量词如a piece of等连用。例如:

Go and fetch me a piece of chalk.给我去拿一支粉笔。

要十分注意的是:不可数名词不能与不定冠词或数词直接用在一起。如不能说a good news, an advice, a hard work等。

不可数名词可以与量词使用构成不同的词组:

如:a piece of paper 一张纸 a drop of water 一滴水

a 1oaf of bread 一条面包 a bag of money 一袋钱

a bottle of milk 一瓶牛奶 a pair of shoes 一双鞋

初中英语名词知识点:可数名词及其复数形式

初中英语名词知识点:名词作定语形式及特点

作定语的名词往往是说明中心名词的材料、用途、时间、地点、内容、类别等。

作定语的名词有以下三种形式:

A.一般用单数形式。

a stone bridge 石桥

a meeting room 会议室

morning exercise 早操

London Airport 伦敦机场

a story book 故事书

a shoe shop 鞋店

B. man, woman要与所修饰的名词的单复数一致。

a woman teacher 一位女教师

two women teachers 两位女教师

C. sports, sales, clothes, goods, arts, customs等只用复数形式。

a sports meet 运动会

a goods train 货车

customs house 海关

a sales manager 营业主任

现从四个方面来讨论名词定语的特点:

一、名词定语的语法作用

1.代替作定语用的介词短语。

a garden chair=a chair in the garden

Canada wheat=wheat from Canada

safety regulations=regulations for safety

machine shop practice=practice in a machine shop

2.名词定语代替形容词或分词作定语。

race problem→racial problem

China cotton→Chinese cotton

launch pad→launching pad

research worker→researching worker

在以上词例中,使用名词与使用形容词或分词并没有什么区别。

3.代替带's的所有格定语--在名词前加上定冠词the就可以代替名词的所有格,但是这个名词是专有名词。

the Tom composition=Tom's composition

the Carter grin=Carter's grin

4.代替定语从句。

investment money= money that is set apart for investment

the milk boy= the boy who brings the milk

二、名词定语与被修饰语之间的语义关系

作定语的名词都是后面一个名词的修饰语,但是它们之间的关系却各有不同。

1.名词定语表示逻辑上的主语,被修饰的词表示宾语。

a department decision(a decision which is made by the department)

中考英语词汇语法总汇

非谓语动词 概述:英语中有三种非谓语动词形式,即动词不定式(to do)、动词-ing和过去分词-ed。 动词不定式 动词不定式是由不定式符号to后接动词原形构成,也有个别情况不带to,只用动词原形。不定式可以行使名词、形容词和副词的功能。 一、不定式充当的句子成分 1.做主语:To dance is a lot of fun. = It is a lot of fun to dance. 跳舞非常有趣。 2.做宾语:You must learn to forgive. 必须学会原谅他人。 3.做表语:To choose time is to save time. 4.做宾补:She asked me to speak more loudly. 5.做状语: (1) 表目的:I went to the park to breathe the fresh air. 我去公园(为了)呼吸新鲜空气。 (2) 表原因:I am sorry to trouble you. 很抱歉给你添麻烦。 6.做后置定语: There is no time to lose. 时间不可拖延。 Give me something hot to drink. 给我一些热的东西喝。 注意: 不及物动词后面的介词:They have a lot of things to talk about. He is looking for a room to live in. 二、不定式的几个主要句型 1.Ask / tell sb. (not) to do sth. I asked him to open the window. (= I said to him, “Open the window.”) 不定式的否定式:not+不定式: My father told me not to be late. (= My father said to me, “Don’t be late.”) 2.疑问词+不定式 不定式与疑问词连用,构成不定式短语,在句子中担当主语、宾语、表语等。 What to do is a big problem. I know how to solve the problem. Can you tell me which way to go? 3.省去to的不定式 (1) 感官动词之后作宾语补足语。表示动作的全部过程 Every bird loves to hear himself sing. 每只鸟都喜欢听自己鸣唱。 (2) 使役动词之后作宾语补足语:相关的使役动词为let, make和have The boss made them work the whole night. 老板迫使他们工作了一整夜。 注意:被动语态中,to不能省略。 They were made to work the whole night.

初中英语语法大全——名词

初中英语语法大全——名词 一、名词概述 1.名词的定义 名词是表示人、事物、地点、现象及其他抽象概念等名称的词。英语中的名词有可数名词和不可数名词之分;有其所有格形式;在句子中通常做主语、宾语、宾语补足语、表语、定语等。 2.名词的分类 名词分为专有名词和普通名词两类。普通名词又分为个体名词、集体名词、物质名词和抽象名词。个体名词与集体名词多数是可数名词,而物质名词与抽象名词多数是不可数名词。

二、名词的数 名词按照其可数性可以分为可数名词和不可数名词。可数名词是指可以直接计算数目的名词。个体名词和集体名词多数是可数名词;不可数名词是指无法直接用数目计算的词。物质名词和抽象名词多数是不可数名词。 1.可数名词的数 在英语中,可以直接用数字进行计算的名词是可数名词,不能直接用数字进行计算的名词是不可数名词。通常个体名词和集体名词可以用数目来计算,视为可数名词;物质名词和抽象名词往往指泛指的物质或者抽象的概念,不能用具体的数字来表示,视为不可数名词。专有名词往往只指一个人或物,因此没有必要再用具体的数字来修饰,一般也视为不可数名词。

eg: I was having dinner at a restaurant. eg: The two children are playing table tennis in the school. eg: Mr.Black gave us some advice on how to learn English well. eg: Paris is the capital of France. ①规则复数变化形式 可数名词在表示两个或两个以上的概念时需要用复数形式。可数名词单数形式变成复数形式的一般规则如下表:

(完整版)初中英语语法专项代词练习及答案

初中英语语法代词专项练习 —————人称代词、物指代词 (1)按要求写出下列代词的形式 1、I(宾格)________ 2、he(形容词性物主代词)________ 3、us(主格)________ 4、they(宾格)________ 5、she(宾格)________ 6、you(名词性物主代词)________ 7、it(宾格)________ 8、my(复数)________ 9、him(复数)________ 10、he(形容词性物主代词)________ 11、we(单数)________ 12、they(名词性物主代词)________ 13、I(反身代词)________ 14、you(反身代词)________ 15、she(反身代词)________ 16、he(反身代词)________ 17、it(反身代词)________ 18、I(反身代词)________ (2)选出括号中正确的词,在正确的词上打勾。 1. This is(my / I)mother. 2. Nice to meet (your / you). 3.(He / His)name is Mark. 4. What’s(she / her)name? 5. Excuse(me / my / I). 6. Are(your / you)Miss Li? 7.(I/ My)am Ben. 8.(She / Her)is my sister. 9. Fine , thank(your / you). 10. How old is (he / his)? (3)用所给代词的正确形式填空 1. These are ______ ( he ) brothers. 2. That is _______( she ) sister. 3. Lily is _______ ( Lucy ) sister. 4. Tom, this is _____ ( me ) cousin, Mary. 5. Now _____________(her parent) are in America. 6. Those __________ ( child ) are _____ ( I ) father’s students. 7. Do you know ______ ( it ) name? 8. Mike and Tom _________( be ) friends. 9. Thanks for helping ________( I ). 10. ______(Ann安)mother is ______(we) teacher. (4)填上正确的人称代词和物主代词 1._____ is my friend. 他是我的朋友。 2. My dog likes _____. 我的狗喜欢她。 3. Who is there? It’s _____.是谁啊?是我。 4. Come with _____. 跟我来。 5. ______ classroom is bigger than ____. 你们的教室比我们的要大。 6. _____ are Chinese. 我们是中国人。 7.I want to buy some balloons for ______. 我想买些气球送给他。 8. These are ______ photos. 这些是我们的照片。 9. _____ like ______ very much. 他们非常喜欢它。 10. Let _____ give _____ a book. 让我给你一本书。

人教版初中英语单词全册

七年级上册英语单词表 Starter Unit 1 good /gud/ adj. 好的 morning /'m?:ni?/ n. 早晨;上午Good morning! 早上好! hi /hai/ interj. (用于打招呼)嗨;喂hello /h?'l?u/ interj. 你好;喂afternoon /,a:ft?'nu:n/ n. 下午 Good afternoon! 下午好! evening /'i:vni?/ n. 晚上;傍晚 Good evening! 晚上好! how /hau/ adv. 怎样;如何 are /a:/ v. 是 you /ju:/ pron. 你;你们 How are you? 你好吗? I /ai/ pron. 我 am /?m/ v. 是 fine /fain/ adj. 健康的;美好的 thanks /θ??ks/ interj.&n. 感谢;谢谢OK /?u'kei/ interj.& adv. 好;可以 Starter Unit 2 what /w?t/ pron.&adj. 什么is /iz/ v. 是 this /eis/ pron. 这;这个 in /in/ prep. (表示使用语言、材料等)用;以 English /'i?gli?/ n. 英语adj. 英格兰的;英语的 in English 用英语 map /m?p/ n. 地图 cup /k?p/ n. 杯子 ruler /'ru:l?/ n. 尺;直尺 pen /pen/ n. 笔;钢笔 orange /'?rind?/ n. 橙子 jacket /'d??kit/ n. 夹克衫;短上衣 key /ki:/ n. 钥匙 quilt /kwilt/ n. 被子;床罩 it /it/ pron. 它 a /?/ art. (用于单数可数名词前)一(人、事、物) that /e?t/ pron. 那;那个 spell /spel/ v. 用字母拼;拼写 please /pli:z/ interj. (用于客气地请求或吩咐)请 Starter Unit 3 color /'k?l?/ n. (=colour) 颜色

新东方名师谈英语词汇和语法学习的技巧 (1)

学习英语的重要性是众所周知的,从长远的角度来讲,学好英语可以多掌握一门语言,这可以使你多学多知、开阔眼界,可以使你同更多的人交流,使你在今后的生活中有更多的机会等等;从短期目标来讲,学好英语可以使你的考试成绩比其它人更高,可以使你拿到重要的证件,使你获得你想要的入场券等等。 有的同学会说:“这些我都懂,可是我的英语就是学不好,我也花了好多时间在英语上,我的单词就是记不住,做题就是会错;学好英语要长时间的积累,我就剩下几个月就要考试了,我准备放弃英语把时间放在其它科目的提高上来。”在我遇到的学生中的确存在报有这种想法的学生,甚至学生家长也说:“我当年就是外语不好,这孩子像我。” 从一名英语教师的角度来讲,我不同意这种说法。的确,“某些人”是有学语言的天分,但这不能做为把自己当作“另一些人”的借口。我认为任何人都不是天生的学者,大家都有一个学习的过程,就看谁更能有效地利用有限的时间。大家回忆一下你身边的“好学生”们,他们和你在同一间教室中学习,并没有看到他们熬夜,也没有见到他们把头发吊在房梁上,或者用锥子扎大腿,可是他们的成绩就是好。主要原因概括为两点:一、他们比你更投入。他们在看书时心理想的就是书中的内容;你在看书时可能在想今晚6点半有个动画片,我怎样才能骗过妈妈的监视看电视。二、他们比你有更好的学习方法,这不仅限英语,其它科目也是一样。或者说,他们懂得运用学习的技巧,这是你所欠缺的。只要你能突破这两点,那么学习将不再是难事,英语也可以很有趣。一句话,学习高效率。 我的词汇班的学生是年龄分布很广的,有初中准备升高中的,有准备考大学的,有成人要考英语的,还有评职称要求英语分数的等等。这些人大都是对英语很头痛,尤其是对英语单词的记忆更是当作敌人来看待。但是当他们坚持学习了一段时间以后,就对英语产生的很强的兴趣,原因是他们在老师的引导下,找到了学习英语的方法,有了好的方法就会看到自己的进步,看到进步就会产生兴趣,有了兴趣就会主动的学习,这是一个良好的正反馈循环。我曾经对同学们说,一个月的时间可以使你掌握学英语的方法,使你对英语产生兴趣;三个月的时间就算不能使你的英语有质的飞跃,也会使你的英语考试成绩显著提高;这就是方法技巧的重要性。 下面我通过一些例子来说明一下英语词汇和语法学习中的方法技巧。 一、英语学习的注意事项 1. 学习目标 目标是行动的方向指引和动力来源,是照亮你前进路上的一盏明灯。人生要有目标,赚钱要有目标,谈恋爱要有目标,学习更要有目标。比如,告诉自己一定要在3个月后英语提高多少分,达到多少分,或者半年后考试成绩排到班级前3名,年级前10名等等。这里有一个真实的例子:一名准备高考的学生,他的目标就是复旦大学,在考前1个月,他突发奇想地把自己的一支鞋邮寄到了复旦大学,并告诉自己,我一支脚已经在复旦了,我要努力让另一支脚也进去。然后努力准备,终于如愿以偿。我并不是说大家考试前都去邮寄鞋,而是说要有前进的目标和必胜的信念。 2. 计划性 这里所说的计划性是对自己而言的。就是说要和自己比,订的目标和学习计划要和自己当前的学习状况相当。不要看别人又背了几百单词,那怕自己今天比昨天只多背了3个单词,这也是自己的进步。要善于管理自己的时间。时间对于每个人都是公平的,要有效地利用时间。要保持单纯的学习心境,不要胡思

初中英语语法知识—名词的专项训练答案(5)

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