2020届高三英语精准培优专练六 名词性从句(教师版)

2020届高三英语精准培优专练

培优点六名词性从句

一、真题在线

1. 【2019·江苏·单项选择】Scientists have obtained more evidence ________ plastic is finding its way into the human body.

A. what

B. that

C. which

D. where

【答案】B

【解析】考查同位语从句。句意：科学家已经获得更多证据，塑料正在进入人们的体内。从句不缺句子成分，意思完整，且与“evidence”指代的是同一事件，用that引导同位语从句。故选B。

2. 【2018·天津·单项选择】The gold medal will be awarded ___________to wins the first place in the bicycle race.

A. whomever

B. wherever

C. whoever

D. whatever

【答案】C

【解析】考查名词性从句连接词。句意：无论谁获得自行车比赛第一名，金牌将授予他。分析句子可知，宾语从句中缺少主语，故用whoever，表示“任何人，无论谁”。故选C。

3.【2018·北京·单项选择】This is _________ my father has taught me — to always face difficulties and hope for the best.

A. how

B. which

C. that

D. what

【答案】D

【解析】考查名词性从句。句意：这是我父亲教我的——总是要面对困难，抱最大的希望。“________ my father has taught me”是表语从句，该空在从句中作“teach”的宾语，且表示“父亲教我的道理”，故该从句应用

what引导。D项正确。引导名词性从句时,how表方式，意为“如何”；which意为“哪一个”；that只起引导从句的作用，不做成分。

4. 【2018·北京·单项选择】Without his support, we wouldn’t be _________ we are now.

A. how

B. when

C. where

D. why

【答案】C

【解析】考查名词性从句。句意：没有他的支持，我们是不会在现在这个位置的。how表方式，when表时间，where表地点，why表原因。“_________ we are now”是表语从句，结合句子的意思可知，该处指我们所处的位置，故该从句应用where引导。C选项正确。

5. 【2017·江苏·单项选择】We choose this hotel because the price for a night here is down to $20, half of _______ it used to charge.

A. that

B. which

C. what

D. how

【答案】C

【解析】考查宾语从句。句意：我们选择这家宾馆是因为一晚上的住宿费降到了20美元，这是该宾馆过去要价的一半。“half of _______ it used to charge”是“$20”的同位语，即原来价格的一半是现在的20美金；另外，of后跟名词或名词短语构成介宾短语，所以，这里是宾语从句；宾语从句中的“charge”后面缺少宾语，所以用what来引导宾语从句，并充当宾语从句中的宾语，故选C。

6. 【2018·江苏·单项选择】By boat is the only way to get here, which is _______ we arrived.

A. where

B. when

C. why

D. how

【答案】D

【解析】考查名词性从句。句意：乘船是到达这里唯一的途径，这就是我们如何到达的。分析which引导的非限定性定语从句可知，后面为表语从句。分析句意可知，这里用连接副词how引导表语从句，充当方式状语，表示“如何”。故选D。

7. 【2019·全国I·语法填空】While they are rare north of 88°, there is evidence __________ they range all the way across the Arctic, and as far south as James Bay in Canada.

【答案】that

【解析】考查同位语从句。根据句子结构分析可知，主句为“there be”句型，且结构完整，空格后为同位语从句，解释说明中心词“evidence”的内容，故填that。

8. 【2018·全国III·语法填空】I am not sure ___________ is more frightened, me or the female gorilla that suddenly appears out of nowhere.

【答案】who/which/which of us

【解析】考查宾语从句。句意：我不确定谁更害怕，我，还是突然不知从哪蹦出来的母猩猩。“________ is more frightened”，该从句缺少主语，若把大猩猩拟人化，则填who；若仅将其二者进行客观对比，则填which；which of us亦可，但语法填空中不常见，故填who/which/which of us。

二、对点专练

一、单项选择

1. People crowd into ________ cherry trees are blooming, appreciating the fresh spring sight.

A. what

B. when

C. which

D. where

【答案】D

【解析】考查宾语从句引导词。句意：人们涌向樱花盛开的地方，欣赏清新的春光。从句做介词into的宾语，且从句缺少地点状语。where = in which，结合句意，“樱花盛开的地方”。故选D。

2. Air pollution is ________ most Chinese people are concerned about nowadays, because their health is being threatened.

A. that

B. why

C. what

D. how

【答案】C

【解析】考查表语从句。句意：空气污染是现在大多数中国人关心的问题，因为他们的健康正受到威胁。此处be动词后面是表语从句，从句缺少引导词，谓语动词短语“are concerned about”缺少宾语，所以所填词要起双重作用，应填what，故选C。

3. It is obvious to the students _____________they should get well prepared for their future.

A. as

B. that

C. which

D. whether

【答案】B

【解析】考查主语从句。句意：很明显，学生们应该为他们的未来做好准备。“It”是形式主语，真正的主语是后面的主语从句，引导词在从句中不作任何成分，也没有实际意义，用that，故选B。

4. ________ some teenagers don’t realize is ________ difficult life can be after they get addicted to drugs.

A. That; how

B. Which; what a

C. What; what

D. What; how

【答案】D

【解析】考查连接词。句意：青少年所意识不到的是他们染上毒瘾后生活会变得多么艰难。分析句子可知，第一空是主语从句，从句中“realize”缺少宾语所以用关系代词“what”来充当宾语，表示“所……的”；第二空

是表语从句，此句是一个感叹句，空后面的词是形容词“difficult”所以用“how”修饰。故D选项正确。

5. Yesterday is history, tomorrow is a mystery, only today is a gift, and that is ______ we call it present.

A. how

B. when

C. why

D. where

【答案】C

【解析】考查表语从句。句意：昨天是历史，明天是未知，只有今天是一份礼物，这就是为什么我们称“今天”是“礼物”。“______ we call it present.”是一个表语从句，引导词在从句中作原因状语，用“why”引导，故选C。

6. Hard work, along with dedicated revolutionary spirit is the fundamental guarantee of success, which is ________ we should learn from the pioneers participating in the Long March.

A. that

B. what

C. where

D. how

【答案】B

【解析】考查表语从句。句意：努力的工作和奉献的革命精神是成功的基本保证，这是我们应该向参加长征的先烈们学习的事情。“________ we should learn from the pioneers participating in the Long March.”是一个表语从句，引导词在从句中作宾语，表示“学习的事情”，用what，故选B。

7. Father made a promise______________ I did well in the entrance exam, he would take me to Hong Kong in the summer vacation.

A. if that

B. if

C. that if

D. that

【答案】C

【解析】考查同位语从句和条件状语从句。句意：爸爸答应我，如果我考得好，他会在暑假带我去香港。此处“promise”后面是“that”引导的同位语从句，说明“promise”的具体内容；在同位语从句中含有“if”引导的条件状语从句。故选C。

8. Modesty is a kind of good quality, which is ______it takes to be your personal best.

A. what

B. where

C. which

D. when

【答案】A

【解析】考查表语从句连接词。句意：谦虚是一种良好的品质，它能让你成为最好的自己。分析句子可知，“which is”后面的句子为表语从句，在表语从句中，“take”缺少宾语，所以用“what”来充当其宾语。故A选项正确。

9. — Shall we go to the seven o’clock performance or the eight?

— _____suits you fine.

A. Whatever

B. Whichever

C. Whenever

D. Wherever

【答案】B

【解析】考查连接代词。句意：——我们去看七点钟的演出还是看八点钟的演出？——看哪个适合你。A. Whatever无论什么；B. Whichever无论哪一个；C. Whenever无论什么时候；D. Wherever无论哪里。前句已经给出两个时间点，即“seven o’clock or the eight”意为“七点还是八点”，需要你确定一个，因此“whichever”意为’无论哪一个’符合题意。故B选项正确。

10. What I finally believe is that it’s of no importance ______ others think about you, and what matters most is the attitude of your own.

A. what

B. how

C. that

D. way

【答案】A

【解析】考查主语从句。句意：我终于相信别人对你的看法是什么不重要，最重要的是你对自己的态度。该句结构复杂，“that it’s of no importance ______ others think about you”是一个表语从句，在这个表语从句中，“it”是形式主语，真正的主语是后面的主语从句，引导词在主语从句中作宾语，故选A。

11. The same boiling water softens the potato and hardens the egg. It’s about ________you’re made of, not the circumstances.

A. that

B. what

C. how

D. who

【答案】B

【解析】考查名词性从句连接词。句意：同样的沸水使土豆变软，使鸡蛋变硬。重要的是你是由什么构成的，而不是环境。本句位于介词“about”后，是宾语从句，从句中缺少宾语，指代事物，用“what”，故选B。

12. You should set a goal and see ________ you can achieve it in the coming exam.

A. which

B. what

C. whether

D. when

【答案】C

【解析】考查宾语从句。句意：你应该设定一个目标并看你是否能在即将来临的考试中实现目标。根据句意可知，此处表示“是否”，故C项正确。

13. Bob made a promise to the manager ________ the work would all be finished on time.

A. that

B. what

C. which

D. whether

【答案】A

【解析】考查同位语从句。句意：鲍勃向经理保证将按时完成工作。分析句子结构可知，此处为同位语从句，从句意思、成分完整，从句解释“promise”的内容，只起连接作用，无实义，故用连接词“that”，A项正确。

14. He finished writing his first novel last year, and we all think that is ______ his career really took off.

A. where

B. when

C. how

D. why

【答案】B

【解析】考查连词副词。句意：他去年完成了他的第一部小说，我们都认为那是他事业真正起飞的时候。分析句子可知，“and”后的句子为表语从句，空处缺少连接副词，根据“He finished writing his first novel last year,”

可知，空处应该选择连接副词“when”。故B选项正确。

15. In many ways, the magic of AI is ________ it’s not something you can see or touch.

A. whether

B. what

C. that

D. why

【答案】C

【解析】考查名词性从句。句意：在很多方面，人工智能的神奇之处在于它不是你能看见或触摸到的。“____ it’s not something you can see or touch”是表语从句，该从句意思和结构完整，解释人工智能的神奇之处在何处，故应用that引导该从句。故选C。

二、单句语法填空

1. Never turn down a job because you think it’s too small. You don’t know _____ it can lead.

【答案】where

【解析】考查名词性从句。句意为：不要因为觉得一份工作太小就拒绝它，你不知道它能引向何方。“know”后面接了宾语从句，“lead”是不及物动词，后面不缺成分，故用副词引导从句，根填where。

2. — I’m sure we’ll have a good time with Henry at your birthday party.

— Maybe, but it’s still a question ________ he could spare some time.

【答案】whether

【解析】考查主语从句。句意：——我确信我们会在你的生日聚会上与Henry玩得很开心。——也许吧，但是他能否抽出时间来还是个问题。分析句子结构可知，“it”是形式主语，后面的从句是真正的主语，关系词在句中不作成分，但是有词义，表示“是否”，故填whether。

3. There are also people who object to fairy stories on the grounds ______ they are not objectively true, and that giants, witches, two-headed dragons etc do not exist.

【解析】考查同位语从句的连接词。句意：也有人反对童话故事，理由是它们在客观上不真实，巨人、女巫、双头龙等不存在。分析句子可知，本句空格是同位语从句的连接词，其中“they are not objectively true, and that giants, witches, two-headed dragons etc. do not exist.”是对名词“the grounds”（理由）加以解释说明，二者是同位语的关系。分析句子可知，同位语从句中不缺少成分，只是缺少一个引导词，连接词“that”在名词从句中不作成分，只起引导的作用，故填that。

4. ______ is important in study is diligence rather than intelligence.

【答案】What

【解析】考查主语从句连词。句意：学习中重要的是勤奋而不是智力。本句中“what”指代“重要的事”引导主语从句，并在句中充当主语。故填What。

5. _______are interested in it are welcome to participate.

【答案】Whoever

【解析】考查名词性从句。主语从句中，从句缺少主语，所以用whoever，表示“任何人”。句意：任何对此感兴趣的人都可以参加。故填Whoever。

6. My point here was _______less is more.

【答案】that

【解析】考查名词性从句。表语从句中，从句为不缺少成分的陈述句，故用that。句意：我的观点是少即是多。故填that。

7. No one knows _______ he really is — except that he’s known by the name “Jan Thorburn”.

【答案】who

【解析】考查名词性从句。宾语从句中，从句缺少表语，且指人，故用who引导。句意：没人知道他到底是谁——除了他的名字叫“简·索伯恩”。故填who。

8. I wonder ______ is being done to help the endangered species.

【解析】考查名词性从句。宾语从句中，从句里嵌入主语从句，且主语从句中缺少主语，故用what引导。句意：我想知道要做什么来帮助这个濒危物种。故填what。

9. ________ human beings pay much attention to the rainforest is to protect ourselves.

【答案】That

【解析】考查名词性。句意：人们特别关注雨林是为了保护人类自己。主语从句中，结构完整意思明确，只是缺少一个引导词，而不作成分。故填That。

10. I would appreciate ______ if you could do me a favor to carry the package upstairs?

【答案】it

【解析】考查代词。句中用“it”作形式宾语，真正的宾语是“if you could do me a favor to carry the package upstairs”。句意：如果你能帮我把这个包裹搬上楼，我将不胜感激。故填it。

11. The thought came to her ________maybe she had left the door open when she left home.

【答案】that

【解析】考查名词性从句。本题考查同位语，从句解释说明名词“thought”，从句为不缺少成分的陈述句，故用“that”引导。句意：她突然想到，也许她离开家的时候门是开着的。故填that。

12. According to The Sun, British scientists have solved the ancient riddle of ________ came first — chicken or egg?

【答案】which

【解析】考查宾语从句。句意：据《太阳报》报道，英国科学家日前解开了“先有鸡还是先有蛋”的古老谜团。表示“哪一个”用which，在宾语从句中做主语，故选C。