(完整版)虚拟语气用法总结及详细解析,推荐文档

(完整版)虚拟语气用法总结及详细解析,推荐文档
(完整版)虚拟语气用法总结及详细解析,推荐文档

3、虚拟语气表示说话者做出的假设而非事实,或难以实现的情况,甚至表达彻底相反的概念。此外,如需表达主观愿望或某种强烈的感情时,也可用虚拟语气。虚拟语气是由句中的谓语动词的特殊形式表示出来的。如:

If I were a bird,I would be able to fly in the air. 如果我是一只小鸟,我就能在空中飞行。

I wish I could pass the examination. 我希望我能通过考试。

条件从句:主语+ had done 主句:主语+ should/would/could/might + have done

If I had got there earlier, I should/could have met her. 如果我早到那儿,我就会见到她。

If he had taken my advice, he would not have made such a mistake. 如果他听我的劝告的话,就不会犯这样的错误了。

3、表示对将来情况的主观推测

条件从句:①if+主语+ were to do

②if+主语+ did/were 主句:主语+ should/would/could/might + do

③if+主语+ should do

If he should come here tomorrow, I would talk to him. 如果他明天来这儿的话,我就跟他谈谈。

If there were a heavy snow next Sunday, we would not go skating. 如果下周日下大雪,我们就不能去滑冰了。

If she were to be here next Monday, I would tell her about the matter.

如果她下周一来这儿的话,我就会告诉她这件事的始末。

4、有时,虚拟条件句中,结果主句和条件从句的谓语动作若不是同时发生时,虚拟语气的形式应作相应的调

整。这种条件句叫错综条件句。

①从句的动作与过去事实相反,而主句的动作与现在或现在正在发生的事实不符。

If I had worked hard at school, I would be an engineer, too.如果我在学校学习刻苦的话,我现在也会成为一个工程师了

If they had informed us, we would not come here now. 如果他们通知过我们的话,我们现在就不会来这里

了。

②从句的动作与现在事实相反,而主句的动作与过去事实不符。

If he were free today, we would have sent him to Beijing. 如果他今天有空的话,我们会已经派他去北京了。

If he knew her, he would have greeted her. 要是他认识她的话,他肯定会去问候她了。

5、当虚拟条件句的谓语动词含有were, should, had时,if可以省略,这时条件从句要用倒装语序,即把were, should, had等词置于句首,这种多用于书面语。

Should he agree to go there, we would send him there.要是他答应去的话,我们就派他去。

Were she here, she would agree with us.如果她在这儿的话,她会同意我们的。

Had he learnt about computers, we would have hired him to work here.

如果他懂一些电脑知识的话,我们已经聘用他来这里工作了。

【注意】

① 若条件从句为否定句,否定词not应置于主语之后,而不能与were,should,had 等缩略成Weren't,

Shouldn't,Hadn't而置于句首。

Had it not been for the bad weather we would have arrived on time. 若不是天气坏,我们就准时到达了。

②有时省略if后提前的had不是助动词:

Had I time,I would come. 假若我有时间,我会来的。(=If I had time…)

6、非真实条件句中的条件从句有时不表达出来,暗含在副词、介词短语、上下文或其他方式表示出来,这种句子叫做含蓄条件句。

①将条件会暗含在介词短语中,如without…, but for…,otherwise(要不是因为)等

But for his help, we would be working now. (要不是他的帮助,我们还会在工作呢。

Without your instruction, I would not have made such great progress.

We didn't know his telephone number, otherwise we would have telephoned him.

②将条件隐含在不定式短语中

I should be happy to go with you. 如果能与你一起去,我将很高兴。(=I should be happy if I could go with

you.)

To have studied harder, you would have passed the examination. 你学习更用功些,你早就考及格了。

(=If you have studied harder, you…)

③将条件隐含在分词短语中

Born in better times, he would have been a scholar. 如果出生在好时代,他早就成为学者了。

(=If he had been born in better times, he …)

Failing this time, what would you do?假若这次失败,那你怎么办?(=If you failed dthis time, what…)

④将条件隐含在名词短语中

A true friend would not have betrayed me. 若是真正的朋友,就不会背弃我。

(=If he had been a true friend, he would…)

A few hours earlier, and you would have seen the famous writer. 要是你早来几个小时,你就见到这位著

名的作家了。(If you had come a few hours earlier, you…)

两个常用虚拟语气句型:与but for, without同义。

①If it weren’t(wasn’t) for…“若不是有…/要不是有…”

If it weren’t(wasn’t) for the children, we wouldn’t have anything to talk about. 要不是因为孩子们,我们不会有什么可谈的。

②If it hadn’t been for…

If it hadn’t been for the rain, we would have had a good harvest. 要不是有雨,我们本会获得一个大丰收的。

7、有时,虚拟条件句中,主、从句可以省略其中的一个,来表示说话人的一种强烈的感情。

①省略从句

He would have finished it. 他本该完成了。You could have passed this exam. 你本该通过这次考试的。

②省略主句

If I were at home now. 要是我现在在家里该多好啊。

If only I had got it. 要是只有我得到它了该多好啊。

8、注意,在虚拟语气的从句中,动词be的过去时态一律用were,不用was。

If I were you, I would go to look for him. 如果我是你,就会去找他。

注意:“it+be”的省略

If necessary,I would send more farmhands to help you.如果需要的话,我会派更多的人去帮你。(=If it were necessary,…)

二、虚拟语气在宾语从句中的应用

c、与将来难以实现的愿望,wish + 主语+ would/could/might+ 动词原形

I wish I had your brains. 我希望我有你那样的头脑。(事实:我根本比不上你)

I wish I had known the truth of the matter. 我希望我那时就知道这件事情的真相。(事实:那时还不知道)

I wish I should have a chance again. 我希望我还能有一次这样的机会。(事实:很难再有这样的机会了)

I wish prices would come down. 我希望物价能降下来。

注意: 从句的时态只与从句所指的时间有关,如果将wish改为过去式wished,其后that 从句中的动词形式不变。

We wish he didn't smoke. 我们希望他不吸烟。

I wished I hadn't spent so much money. 但愿我没有花这么多钱。

注意:if only引导的感叹句与wish

If only she would pass the English examination! 但愿她能通过英语考试!

I'd rather you had seen the film yesterday.我倒想你昨天看过了这场电影。

I'd rather you were here now.我倒想你现在在这儿。

We'd rather you went here tomorrow.我们倒想你明天去那儿

注意:would rather(比较正式)=had rather(非正式),would sooner(sooner代替rather)的细微差别。

提示:would rather 主要有两种用法。

1.后接不带to的不定式

I'd rather play tennis than swim. 我宁愿打网球,也不愿游泳。

I'd rather not go to the movies. 我宁愿不去看电影。

Which would you rather have, tea or coffee 你喜欢喝茶,还是咖啡

2.后接不用连词的that从句

I'd rather you went home now. 我希望你现在就回家。

I would rather my daughter attended a public school. 我希望我的女儿能上公立学校。

3、一想要(desire),一宁愿(prefer),一坚持(insist) ,二命令(order ,command) ,三建议(advise ,

suggest ,propose/recommend),四要求(demand ,require ,request ,ask) 中,无论主句谓语动词为何种时态,从句的谓语动词都用“should + do”,且should可以省略。

He suggested that we (should) take the teacher's advice.

He insisted that we (should) take the teacher's advice.

He demand that we (should) take the teacher's advice.

He ordered that we (should) take the teacher's advice.

主要是指insist的宾语从句,从句谓语由"should+ do" 构成,其中的should可以省略。

I insisted that he (should) stay. 我坚持要他留下。

He insisted that I (should) go with them. 他坚持要我同他们一起去。

注意①:动词insist后接宾语从句时,除可用虚拟语气外,也可用陈述语气,两者的区别是:

若谓语动词所表示的动作尚未发生,或尚未成为事实,则用虚拟语气;

若谓语动词所表示的动作已经发生,或已经成为事实,则要用陈述语气。

比较:He insisted that I had read his letter. 他坚持说我看过他的信。

He insisted that I should read his letter. 他坚持要我看他的信。

注意②:“insist意为"坚持某种动作"才用虚拟语气;意为"坚持某种观点,某个事实"则不用虚拟语气。

He insists he is a student.他坚持说他是个学生。

这个语句表示的是事实,因此在这个语句中不能使用虚拟语气。

order, command引导的宾语从句,从句谓语由"should+do"构成,其中的should通常可以省略。如:

He ordered that it (should) be sent back. 他命令把它送回去。

He commanded that we (should) attack at once. 他命令我们立即发起进攻。

advise, suggest, propose, recommend等引导的宾语从句,从句谓语由"should+do" 构成,

其中的should可以省略。

He suggested that we should leave early. 他建议我们早点动身。

The doctor advised that he change his job. 医生劝他换工作。

They recommend that this tax be abolished. 他们建议取消这种税。

The committee proposed (that) Mr. Day be elected. 委员会建议推选戴先生。

注意:与动词insist相似,动词suggest后接宾语从句时,除可用虚拟语气外,也可用陈述语气

两者的区别也是:suggest意为"建议"才用虚拟语气,意为"暗示"或"表明"则不用虚拟语气。

He suggested that we (should) stay for dinner. 他建议我们留下吃饭。

What he said suggested that he was a cheat. 他说的话表明他是个骗子。

I suggested that you had a secret understanding with him. 我觉得你与他心照不宣。

主要是指ask,demand,require,request等后的宾语从句,从句谓语由"should+ do" 构成,should可省略。

He requires that I (should) appear. 他要求我出场。

I demand that John (should) go there at once. 我要求约翰立即到那里去。

They demanded that the right to vote be given to every adult man. 他们要求给予每个成年男子以选举权。

I requested that he should use his influence on my behalf. 我请求他为我施用他的影响。

He asked that the message be given to Madame immediately. 他要求把信息立即带给夫人。

主要是指move, vote, urge, direct等后的宾语从句,从句谓语由"should+动词原形"构成,should可以省略。

I move that we accept the proposal. 我提议通过这项提案。

Mr. Chairman, I beg to move that the meeting be adjourned. 主席先生,我提议休会。

Congress has voted that the present law be maintained.国会投票决定维持现在这条法律。

He urges that the restrictions be lifted. 他敦促取消这些限制。

He urged that the matter should go to arbitration. 他极力主张这件事要提交仲裁。

The general directed that the prisoners should be set free. 将军指示释放那些俘虏。

主要是指动词arrange后的宾语从句,从句谓语由"should+动词原形"构成,should可以省略。

He arranged that I should go abroad. 他安排我去国外。

They arranged that the minister should be met at the airport. 他们安排在机场迎接这位部长。

It was arranged that they should leave the following spring. 已安排好他们第二年春天离开。

They've arranged that I should absent myself for part of the meeting. 他们安排好让我一部分时间不在开会现场。

主要是指动词desire,intend后的宾语从句,从句谓语由"should+动词原形"构成,should可以省略。

She desires that he do it. 她希望他做此事。

They intended that the news (should) be suppressed. 他们打算封锁这条消息。

I desire the patient should have a bath every day. 我希望病人每天洗澡。

三、虚拟语气在定语从句中的应用

虚拟语气还可用在定语从句中,表示:"早该做某事了"时,定语从句中的谓语动词须用虚拟语气。

结构为:It is (high / about) time that + 主语+ V-ed(优先使用动词过去式)

It is (high / about) time that + 主语+ should + do (should不可省略)

如:It is time that I went to pick up my daughter at school.我该去学校接我的女儿了。

It is high time you should go to work.你早该上班了。

It is (high) time that we should go to school 也可以写成It is (high)time that we went to school.

It's high time for me to write my homework. I have to leave. 到了写作业的时候了,我必须要离开了。

注意:若该句型略微调整成It is/was the first/second time that + 句子,那这个句子谓语动词不再采用上述形式,而是It is the first/second time that …have/has done…这是某人第一/二/三...次做某事。

It was the first/second time that …had done…

如:This is the first time that I have ridden a horse。这是我第一次骑马:

This is the first time that I ride (am ridding) a horse.(你会让人觉得你说这句话的时候你还是骑在马背上)

It was the first time that I had ridden a hose.那时我第一次骑马(你已经骑过马了)。

It will be the first time that I ride a horse. 如果你要说那将会是你第一次骑马(你还没有骑过马)。

四、虚拟语气在主语从句中的应用

句式①It is+ adj./n.+ that +主语从句(从句的谓语动词常用should+原形且should的省略要看情况而定)

表情绪、观点的形容词或名词,如:necessary、important、impossible、natural、strange、surprising、funny、right、wrong、better、a pity 、the shame、no wonder等。

如:It is strange that such a person should be our friend.(should表示"竟然"的语气,不可省。)

句式②It is+ adj.+ that +主语从句(礼貌委婉地表达情况的紧迫性可用虚拟语气)

表示紧迫的形容词,如:advisable,best,critical,desirable,essential,imperative,important,necessary,urgent,vital等。

如:It's vital that you make a decision right now . 你立刻就做决定是至关重要的。

五、虚拟语气在状语从句中的应用

A.对现在事实的假设,从句用一般过去时(be用were);

B.对过去事实的假设,从句用过去完成时;

C.对将来的假设,从句用过去时或would/might/could/should+V原形

(1)虚拟语气在目的状语从句中的应用

1、在for fear that(生怕,唯恐),in case(以防),lest(以免,免得)引导的从句中,若用虚拟语气时,

从句谓语为: (should) + do

Please remind me of it again tomorrow in case i (should) forget. 请你明天再提醒我这件事,以免我忘记。

She examined the door again for fear that a thief (should) come in. 她又把门检查了一遍,以防盗贼的进入。

He started out earlier lest he (should) be late. 他早早地就出发了以防迟到。

2、在so that,in order that所引导的目的状语从句中,

从句中的谓语为: can / could ,may / might ,will / would ,should + do

I shall write down your telephone number so that i may not forget. 我要把你的电话号码记下来,以免忘记。

He goes closer to the speaker so that he can hear him clearer. 他走近说话的人以便能听得更清楚。

He read the letter carefully in order that he should not miss a word. 他把信读得很仔细以便不漏掉一个字。

(2)在as if/as though引导的方式状语从句中的应用

as if 或as though引导的状语从句,用陈述语气表示可能符合事实的情况,用虚拟语气表示与事实不符或与事实相反的情况。

A.The teacher treats the pupil as if he were her own child.

这位老师对待这位学生就像自己的亲生孩子一样。(这位学生并不是她的亲生孩子)

B.I felt as though we had known each other for years.我感觉我们好像认识多年了。(其实并没有认识多年)

C.It looks as if it might rain. 天看上去好像要下雨。(不大可能下雨)

对比:

He looks as if he is young. 看样子他好像很年轻。(他就是年轻,符合事实)

He looks as if he were young. 看样子他好像很年轻。(实际上他不年轻,不符合事实)

(3)虚拟语气在让步状语从句中的应用

A.在even if, even though 引导的让步状语从句中的应用(需判断情况是否真实)

让步状语从句指事实时,从句谓语动词用陈述语气。若从句内容表示现在和将来的假设情况,从句谓语动词用虚拟语气。

even if 表示“即使”“纵然”“就算”“哪怕”,在真实条件句中不用虚拟。

They’ll stand by you even if you don’t succeed.即使你不成功,他们也会支持你。

Ev en if it rains tomorrow, we won’t change our plan.即使明天下雨,我们也决不改变计划。

even if从句的内容通常是假设性的用虚拟语气;

Even if he had the money, he wouldn’t buy it.他即使有钱也不会买它。

even though“尽管”“虽然”,引导的从句内容往往是真实的,有时也用虚拟。

He went out even though it was raining. 尽管在下雨,他还是出去了。

Even though we all tried our best, we lost the game. 虽然我们已尽了最大的力量,但还是输了。

Nobody could save him even though Hua Tuo should come here.即使华佗在世也救不了他。(事实:华佗不在世)

B.在whatever/ whichever/ whenever/ whoever/ wherever/ however以及no matter + wh-等引导的让步状语从句中,从句虚拟语气结构为:

表示现在或将来:may/might + V原形

We will finish it on time no matter what may happen.不管发生什么事,我们都要按时完成。

We will find him wherever he may be.无论他在哪里,我们都要找到他。

I will wait for him no matter how late he may come.不管他来的多么晚,我都会等他。

No matter what his social position (might) be, a man is equal in the eye of the law.

一个人不论其社会地位如何,在法律面前都是平等的。

However hard it might rain rains, we shall go there together. 不管雨下得多么大,今晚我们还是要去那里。

表过去:may/might +have done(主句结构不限)

You mustn't be proud whatever great progress you may have made. 不管你取得了多么大的进步,你也不能骄傲。

We must respect him no matter what mistakes he may have made. 不管他犯过什么错误,我们必须尊敬他。

C.though, although等引导的让步状语从句中,从句虚拟语气结构为should +动词原形,主句结构不限。

Although / Though he should often be late, he is a good student. 尽管他经常迟到,他还是个好学生。

Although / Though he should be secretary, he must obey the rules. 尽管他是书记,他也必须遵守规定。

D.whether…or…

虚拟语气用在由“whether”引导的让步状语从句中,从句谓语用: should+ V原形

原句:whether he should be sick or well, he works had.

省略whether的倒装:Be he sick or well, he works had.

(whether 引导的让步状语从句在虚拟语气中,省略whether和should,be提前)

七、简单句中的虚拟语气

(1)说话时,为了表示客气、谦虚、委婉而有礼貌,言语常使用虚拟语气。

其虚拟语气的结构形式常为:would / could / might / should +do。

Would you mind my shutting the door? 你介意我把门关起来吗?

You should always learn this lesson by heart. 你要把这个教训牢记于心。

I should agree with you.我本该同意你的观点。(委婉的不同意)

(2)表示“祝愿”时,常用may +主语+ do。

May you have a good journey!祝你一路顺风。

May your youth last forever!祝你青春永驻。

May you be happy! 祝您快乐!

(3)表示强烈的"愿望"、"祝愿"的感叹句,常用do。

God bless us. 上帝保佑。

Long live the Party!共产党万岁!

God bless you! 上帝保佑你!

Success attend you! 祝你成功!

The lord save us! 愿主救我们!

(4)习惯表达中常用的虚拟语气。

情态动词用于虚拟语气,部分情态动词的过去形式(could, might, should, would),可以用于非真实条件

句以及其他结构中表示虚拟语气。

①提出请求或邀请。

Would you like to have a talk with us this evening?今天晚上来跟我们聊天好吗?

Could I use your bike now?我可以用一下你的单车吗?

②陈述自己的观点或看法。

I should be glad to meet you.见到你我会很高兴。

I would try my best to help you.我会尽力帮助你。

③提出劝告或建议。

You'd better ask your father first.你最好先问一问你的父亲。

You should make a full investigation of it first.你应该先全面调查一番。

④提出问题。

Do you think he could get here on time你认为他能按时来吗?

Do you expect he would tell us the truth?你期望他会告诉我们真相吗?

⑤表示对过去情况的责备时,常用虚拟语气。其虚拟语气的结构为:情态动词+ have done。You should have got here earlier. 你早该到这里了。

You should have returned it to him. 你早该把它还给他了。

高考虚拟语气用法详解()

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虚拟语气的用法总结 语气:语气是动词的一中形式,它表示说话人对某一行为或事情的看法和态度。 虚拟语气表示动作或状态不是客观存在的事实,而是说话人的主观愿望,假设或推测等。如If I were you, I should study English. 一.虚拟语气在条件从句的用法 条件句有两类,一类是真实条件句;一类是非真实条件句,也就是虚拟条件句。 如果假设的情况是有可能发生的,就是真实条件句,谓语要用陈述语气。如If it doesn’t rain tomorrow, we will go to the park. 如果假设的情况是过去或现在都不存在的,或将来不大可能发生的,则是虚拟条件句。如If he had seen you yesterday, he would have asked you about it. 在含有虚拟条件句的复合句中,主句 If her mother had taken the doctor’s advice, she would/might have got well earlier. If it were to rain tomorrow, the match would be canceled. 有时候省略if,采用局部倒装语序。把had /should/were 等动词(不包括行为动词)移到从句的句首。例如: Were it to rain tomorrow, our picnic would be canceled. Had it not been for the storm, we would have arrived in time. Should the earth stop running, what would happen? 二. 错综时间条件句 有时条件从句的动作和主句动作发生的时间不一致,这时需要根据意思采用表示不同时间的动词形式来进行调整。 If she had taken the doctor’s advice, she might still be alive. If I were you, I would have accepted their terms. 三.含蓄条件句

虚拟语气用法详解

虚拟语气用法详解 一、条件句中的虚拟语气 1.条件句中虚拟语气的形式 从句中提出一种与客观现实不相符或根本不可能存在的条件,主句会产生的一种不可能获得的结果。条件句中的虚拟语气根 2. 条件句中的虚拟语气的举例 (1) 将来时的条件句中的虚拟语气。如: If he should go to Qing Hua Univer sity, he would make full use of his time. If he were to come here, he would tell us about it. (2) 现在时的条件句中的虚拟语气。如: If he were free, he would help us.

If he studied at this school, he wo uld know you well. (3) 过去时的条件句中的虚拟语气。如:If I had seen the film, I would have tol d you about it. If I had got there earlier, I would have met Mr. Li. 3.运用条件句中的虚拟语气时,须注意的几个问题 (1) 有时,虚拟条件句中,主、从句的动作若不是同时发生时,须区别对待。 从句的动作与过去事实相反,而主句的动作与现在或现在正在发生的事实不符。如: If I had worked hard at school, I would be an engineer, too. If they had informed us, we would not come here now. (2) 当虚拟条件句的谓语动词含有wer e, should, had时,if可省略,而将were, s hould, had等词置于句首。如: Should he agree to go there, we wo uld send him there. Were she here, she would agree wit h us. Had he learnt about computers, we would have hired him to work here. (3) 有时,句子没有直接给出假设情况的条件,而须通过上下文或其他方式来判断。如:

虚拟语气表格总结版

虚拟语气 一、虚拟语气用于非真实条件句 (一)形式 I.动词的语气简介: 语气——表示说话人对说话内容的看法的一种语法范畴。在英语中,可用不同的动词形式表示说话的语气。 ?虚拟语气——与事实相反,表达的是怀疑、忧虑推测、祝愿等。 II.虚拟语气的运用 一、在if条件从句中的运用 (一)表格及注意事项 ?注: ? 1. 目前,虚拟语气的were除了在If I were you 的结构中不能改动外,其他有些情况可以用was。 ? 2. 如果表示否定的意思,多用过去时结构,用should和were to较少。

(二)、虚拟条件句中的省略和倒装 若符合下列条件,可以省略if: ? 1.必须是非真实条件句,并且有时,才可以省略if. ? 2.省略if时,主语与的位置必须相互调换。 例: (1)万一我见到她,我会告诉她的。 If I should meet her, I would tell her. (2)如果我处在你的位置上,我会做得更好。 If I were in your position, I would do it better. (3)如果他们准备了的话,他们应该能成功的。 If they had made preparations, they would have succeeded. (三)含蓄条件句 假设情况不以if条件句表现出来,而是通过某个介词或介词短语,不定式表现出来。如with,without,but,but for,otherwise等。根据句子要表达的事态,选择相应的虚拟语气的形式。 I lost her phone number, otherwise I her up. 我弄丢了她的电话号码,否则我就能打给她了 If I had not lost her phone number… But for your help, I would not have the chance to go to school. 要不是有你的帮助,我不会有机会去学校的。 If you had not helped me… I was away that day, otherwise I ____ the lecture. A.had attended B.would have attended C.would attend D.attended 例:(1)我们在那个小村庄中迷路了,否则昨天我们还能去更多有趣的地方地方。 (2)我本来可以帮你的,但是我太忙了。 二、用在宾语从句中的虚拟语气 (一)在wish引导的宾语从句中,表示未能实现或不可能实现的愿望,用虚拟语气。主句

虚拟语气用法总结及详细解析

虚拟语气用法 英语中的语气分为陈述语气、祈使语气、虚拟语气、疑问语气和感叹语气五类。 1、表示动作或状态是客观存在的、确定的或符合事实的,用于陈述句、疑问句和某些感叹句中。 China is an Asian country. (肯定句) How interesting my stay in China has been! (感叹句) 2、祈使句表示说话人对对方的请求、警告,建议或命令。如: Please come over here. 请到这边来。 Watch your steps! 当心!(走路) 3、虚拟语气表示说话者做出的假设而非事实,或难以实现的情况,甚至表达彻底相反的概念。此外,如需表达主观愿望或某种强烈的感情时,也可用虚拟语气。虚拟语气是由句中的谓语动词的特殊形式表示出来的。如: If I were a bird,I would be able to fly in the air. 如果我是一只小鸟,我就能在空中飞行。 I wish I could pass the examination. 我希望我能通过考试。

If there were a heavy snow next Sunday, we would not go skating. 如果下周日下大雪,我们就不能去滑冰了。 If she were to be here next Monday, I would tell her about the matter. 如果她下周一来这儿的话,我就会告诉她这件事的始末。 4、有时,虚拟条件句中,结果主句和条件从句的谓语动作若不是同时发生时,虚拟语气的形式应作相应的调整。这种条件句叫错综条件句。 ①从句的动作与过去事实相反,而主句的动作与现在或现在正在发生的事实不符。 If I had worked hard at school, I would be an engineer, too.如果我在学校学习刻苦的话,我现在也会成为一个工程师了 If they had informed us, we would not come here now. 如果他们通知过我们的话,我们现在就不会来这里了。 ②从句的动作与现在事实相反,而主句的动作与过去事实不符。 If he were free today, we would have sent him to Beijing. 如果他今天有空的话,我们会已经派他去北京了。 If he knew her, he would have greeted her. 要是他认识她的话,他肯定会去问候她了。 5、当虚拟条件句的谓语动词含有were, should, had时,if可以省略,这时条件从句要用倒装语序,即把were, should, had等词置于句首,这种多用于书面语。 Should he agree to go there, we would send him there.要是他答应去的话,我们就派他去。 Were she here, she would agree with us.如果她在这儿的话,她会同意我们的。 Had he learnt about computers, we would have hired him to work here. 如果他懂一些电脑知识的话,我们已经聘用他来这里工作了。 【注意】 若条件从句为否定句,否定词not应置于主语之后,而不能与were,should,had 等缩略成Weren't,Shouldn't,Hadn't而置于句首。 Had it not been for the bad weather we would have arrived on time. 若不是天气坏,我们就准时到达了。 ②有时省略if后提前的had不是助动词: Had I time,I would come. 假若我有时间,我会来的。(=If I had time…) 6、非真实条件句中的条件从句有时不表达出来,暗含在副词、介词短语、上下文或其他方式表示出来,这种句子叫做含蓄条件句。 ①将条件会暗含在介词短语中,如without…, but for…,otherwise(要不是因为)等 But for his help, we would be working now. (要不是他的帮助,我们还会在工作呢。

虚拟语气用法总结讲课稿

虚拟语气用法总结

虚拟语气用法总结 朱世梅 新时代大学英语中针对虚拟语气的练习题较多,而学生们往往把握不好虚拟语气的正确使用,现将其用法总结如下: 一.虚拟语气在英语里主要用来表达: a. 非真实的情景,不可能发生的事,即某种与事实相反或难以实现的情况,或说话人主观愿望。 b. 与客观事实相反地情景,即强制性虚拟语气,表示建议、命令、劝告这一类的意思上,表示强烈的要求做到、必须做到这样的含义。 c. 虚拟语气的表达形式是通过动词的变化形式表达的,其特点是主从句时态的不一致,而且一般有明显得标志。 二.虚拟语气的考点为: 1.If 句型 (共有三种句型) 非真实条件句: a.与现在的事实相反:从句用一般过去时,主句的谓语用would (could, might) +动词原形 If I were Bill Gates, I would not work so hard every day. b.与过去的事实相反:从句用过去完成时,主句的谓语用would (could, might) +现在完成时 If I had gone to America when I graduated from middle school, I would have got my PhD degree. c.与将来的事实相反:从句用should (were to,did) + 动词原形,主句的谓语用would (could, might) +动词原形 If it should/were to snow tomorrow, I would go skiing.

注意:虚拟条件句的倒装虚拟条件句的从句部分如果含有were, should, 或had, 可将if省略,再把were, should或had 移到从句句首,实行倒装。 Eg: Should it rain, the crops would be saved. =Were it to rain, the crops would be saved. Eg:_____ to do the work, I should do it some other day. A. If were I B. I were C. Were I D. Was I 答案C. 在虚拟条件状语中如果有were, should, had这三个词,通常将if省略,主语提前, 变成 were, should, had +主语的形式。但在虚拟条件状语从句中,省略连词的倒装形式的句首不能用动词的缩略形式。如我们可说 Were I not to do., 而不能说 Weren't I to do. d.混合条件句主句与从句的动作发生在不同的时间,这时主,从句谓语动词的虚拟语气形式因时间不同而不同,这叫做混合条件句。例如:条件句动作发生在过去,主句的动作发生在现在)谓语动词要根据表示的时间进行调整。 Eg: If it had rained last night (过去), it would be very cold today (现在). 2.Wish 句型表达“但愿…,要是…多好”的语气表示与事实相反的情况,或表示将来不太可能实现的愿望。其宾语从句的动词形式为: He wished he hadn't said that. 他希望他没讲那样的话。 I wish it would rain tomorrow. 我希望明天下雨就好了。 Wish to do表达法: Wish sb / sth to do I wish to see the manager. = I want to see the manager. I wish the manager to be informed at once. (= I want the manager to be informed at once.) 3.在强制性语气的宾语从句中的运用即表示建议、命令、劝告、决心等主观色彩的动词 + that + (should) + 动词原形,其中should 经常被省略。这类动词包括: suggest, propose, recommend, demand, order, command, desire, require, insist,

虚拟语气中的含蓄条件句常见用法总结

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虚拟语气用法大全

1.虚拟语气在条件句中的用法 (1)若表示与现在事实相反的假设,则条件从句中用过去式,主句中用过去将来式(would,should,could,might + 动词原形);若表示某事将来实现的可能性不大,则条件从句中用should + 动词原形也可用“were to+动词原形”或用过去式动词。如: 2)若表示与过去事实相反的假设,从句中用过去完成式,主句中用过去将来完成式(should,would,could,might + have + 过去分词)。如: busy. (3)含有虚拟语气的条件状语从句中,如有had,should,were 这三个词的话,在正式或书面语言中可将if省略,再将句子的主语和谓语动词实行全部倒装或部分倒装。如: (4)若主句从句所指的时间不一致,即条件从句表示与过去事实相反,主句表示与现在事实相反;或者条件从句表示与现在事实相反,主句表真实情况,则从句中应采用与具体时间相对应的虚拟形式。如: 2.虚拟语气在宾语从句中的用法 在动词suggest,order,demand,propose,request,command,insist等后的宾语从句中,用虚拟语气(即Should+动词原形或只用动词原形)来表示愿望、建议、命令、请求等。在动词wish /would rather后的宾语从句中,用过去式表示与现在事实不符,用过去完成式表示与过去事实不符。如: 3.虚拟语气在主语从句中的用法 在It is necessary/important/strange/natural;It is requested/suggested/desired/proposed;it is a pity等结构后的主语从句中要用虚拟语气,即Should+动词原形或只用动词原形。如: 4.虚拟语气在表语从句、同位语从句中的用法。 在 suggestion, proposal,idea,plan,order,advice等名词后的表语从句、同位语从句中要用虚拟语气,即should+动词原形或只用动词原形 5.虚拟语气在其他状语从句中的用法 在as if引导的状语从句中,用过去式表示与现在事实不符,用过去完成式表示与过去事实不符;在so that,in order that引导的状语从句中,常用should/would/could/might+动词原形来表示虚拟语气。 6.虚拟语气在定语从句中的用法: 在it is time后面的定语从句中常用过去式表示虚拟语气。 虚拟语气(Subjunctive Mood)这一语法项目是各类英语考试中心测试的重点之一。虚拟语气是一种特殊的动词形式,用来表示说话人所说的话并不是事实,而是一种假设、愿望、怀疑或推测。 Ⅰ用以表示虚拟条件的虚拟语气 ⒈ 用if条件从句表示的虚拟条件,是虚拟条件最普通的方式。 ① 虚拟现在时表示与现在事实相反的假设,其if 从句的谓语形式用动词的过

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虚拟语气用法归纳 虚拟语气主要指的的是带有非真实条件状语从句的复合句,表达的是说话人的遗憾后悔的语气,愿望以及建议,命令,要求等等的情感,往往说的是与事实相反或者没办法实现改变的东西。虚拟语气主要表现为在对过去现在或者将来的情况做出假设后,有可能出现的情况。 虚拟语气的内容主要有三大模块,第一模块就是涉及到条件从句部分的内容。这一部分的虚拟语气主要体现在三个方面:基本用法,各自为政,以及含蓄之美。 下表就是条件从句虚拟语气的基本用法: 通常,在上面表格里反映的是非真实条件句的虚拟语气模式,从句和主句的谓语动词时间是一致的,如果两者时间不一致,此时就是混合型虚拟语气。混合型虚拟语气的使用要求“各自为政”,即从句和主句根据各自假设的时间不同,采用上面表格中对应的的谓语动词形式。 如何“各自为政”呢?这就像是数学里的排列组合,一边有三种情况,交叉一搭配就出现了好多种情况。不管怎样,我们要遵循一个原则,就是“各自为政”。例如,从句是对过去情况的假设,而主句则是对现在情况的假设,那我们在使用时,从句就用过去完成式,而主句要用would/could do的形式。当然,也不是所有的AB配就是合理的,有时候在具体语境下,会出现矛盾的情况,这时我们就要结合要表达的意思来判断他们是对什么情况的假设,选择合适的形式。一般而言,主句的假设时间会发生在从句的假设时间之后。因为是有这么一个条件才会出现主句的现状。因此在此类的完成句子练习中,我们要特别提醒注意时间状语的暗示 1. If I had seen you, I would not be so worried now. (从句是对过去的假设,主句是对现在的假设) 2. If you had not watched television so late last night, you would not be so sleepy now.( 从句是对过去的假设,主句是对现在的假设) 3. If I were you, I would seize the chance to go abroad. (从句和主句都是现在的假设) 4. Had you followed the doctor’s suggestion, you would be fine now.( 从句是对过去的假设,主句是对现在的假设) 5. If I had made some money last summer, I would go on holiday next month.( 从句是对过去的假设,主句是对将来的假设) 6. You didn’t let me drive. If we had driven in turns, you wouldn’t be so tired now. (从句是对过去的假设,主句是对现在的假设) 7. If Jack hadn’t met Rose on his voyage, he would be alive now. (从句是对过去的假设,主句是对现在的假设) 8. If Lily didn’t attend today’s party, she could not have the chance to work in the company next week. (从句是对现在的假设,主句是对将来的假设) 9. Had Father followed my travel plan , our family would not stay at home now. (从句是对

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英语虚拟语气用法总结 1、表示与现在事实相反的情况: 从句:主语+过去时 主句:主语+should/would/could/might+do eg: 1.If I were you,I would take an umbrella. 如果我是你,我会带把伞.(事实:我不可能是你) 2.If I knew his telephone number,I would tell you. 如果我知道他的电话号码,我就会告诉你.(事实:不知道) 2、表示与过去事实相反的情况 从句:主语+had+done 主句:主语+should/would/could/might+have done eg: 1. If I had got there earlier,I should/could have met her.如果我早到那儿,我就会见到她. (事实:去晚了) 2.If he had taken my advice,he would not have made such a mistake.如果他听我的劝告的话,就不会犯这样的错误了.(事实:没有听我的话) 3、表示对将来情况的主观推测 从句:主句 ①if+主语+were to do :①主语+should/would/could/might+do ②if+主语+did/were ②主语+should/would/could/might+do ③if+主语+should+do ③主语+should/would/could/might+do eg: 1.If he should come here tomorrow,I would talk to him.

虚拟语气总结:be型和were型知识讲解

虚拟语气总结:b e型 和w e r e型

目录: 学习虚拟语气的三个必知 一、were式虚拟 二、be式虚拟 三、几个特殊的句式 学习虚拟语气必须明确了解以下三点: 1、英语的所谓“虚拟语气”,从用途上区别有三种:一种用来表达与实际情况相反的虚构假设,一种用来表达“祈使愿望”的口气,另一种满足特殊的句式需要。 虚拟语气并不全是在表达虚构的情况,理解这一点非常重要。 2、虚拟语气从句式表现上有三种:表达与实际情况相反的虚构假设用were式虚拟,表达“祈使愿望”的口气be式虚拟,在特殊句式中的照句式要求而定。 3、学习虚拟语气,其目的不在于单纯解决语法问题,更不能停留在应试的层面上。掌握虚拟语气的用法对英语的阅读理解非常重要,尤其是进入大学以后,这一点更为重要。 一、were式虚拟 英语中,被叫做“were式虚拟”的这种虚拟语气,通过扭曲时态形式来表示与实际情况相反的虚构假设,具体的做法是将时态的形式“倒推一个时态”。这样的表述也许不太准确,但是非常实用,也极容易理解。 具体的做法,就是将现在时态变成过去时态,将过去时态变成“过去的过去”。 在这种虚拟语气的用法中,动词be至少要倒退一个时态成为“过去时态”的were(在虚拟语气中一般不用was,is、am、are倒推一个时态以后都写成were)。因此,这种表示与实际情况相反的虚构假设的虚拟语气就就以动词be的变化为例,叫做了were式虚拟。 were式虚拟主要用在wish从句,as if从句和非真实条件句。 下面我们结合具体的例子学习were式虚拟的用法: wish从句的虚拟语气用法: 英语中表达一般性的愿望(即希望)用hope这个词,wish这个词往往表达难以实现或不能实现的愿望,所以要用虚拟语气,我们可以看看具体的用法: I wish I had the money to buy the book. 这句话表达的意思是,“我现在没有钱买这本书,但是希望能买这本书,而因为没有钱,虽然有这种愿望,却也买不了这本书。” wish从句中的动词have用来表达“现在有与没有”的情况,通过一个把have“倒推一个时态”变成had,had实际上表达了一个“现在没有”的概念,正好与have这个词的本义相反。 必须牢记:wish不是hope,wish要表达的是不能实现或难以实现的愿望,必须使用were式虚拟,必须通过扭曲wish从句的时态来体现这种虚拟语气。 下面的情况相同: My little brother wishes he had wings to fly up into the sky.

英语虚拟语气用法详解

英语虚拟语气用法详解 1. 英语语气的概念 英语有三种语气,即陈述语气、祈使语气和虚拟语气。陈述语气用于陈述事实、提出看法或问题等,祈使语气用于表示请求、命令或警告等,虚拟语气则表示假想或主观愿望。如: I like this book the best. 我最喜欢这本书。(陈述语气) Don’t be so careless. 不要如此粗心大意。(祈使语气) I suggest that we should go tomorrow. 我建议我们明天走。(虚拟语气) If you dropped the glass, it would break. 假如你把玻璃杯掉在地上,它会打碎的。(虚拟语气) 3. 虚拟条件句的基本类型 (1) 与现在事实相反:若与现在事实相反,条件从句的谓语用过去式(be通常用were),主句谓语用“should (would, could, might)+动词原形”。如: If we left now, we should arrive in good time. 假如我们现在就走的话,我们就会及时到达。 (2) 与过去事实相反:若与过去事实相反,条件从句的谓语用过去完成时(had+过去分词),主句谓语用“should (would, coul d, might)+have+过去分词”。如: If he had been in that train then, he might have been k illed in that accident. 如果当时他也在那列火车上,他可能就死于那场车祸了。

(3) 与将来事实相反:若与将来事实相反,条件从句的谓语用过去式(be通常用were),主句谓语用“should (would, could, might)+动词原形”。如: If he went,would you go too? 如果他去,你也去吗?(大概他不会去) If I asked him,I’m sure he’d help us. 如果我向他提出要求,肯定他会帮助我们。(不过我不打算这样做) 3. 错综时间虚拟条件句 所谓错综时间虚拟条件句即条件从句与主句所指时间不一致,如从句指过去,而主句即指的是现在或将来,此时应根据具体的语境情况,结合上面提到的三种基本类型对时态作相应的调整。如:If you’d listened to me, you wouldn’t be in such tro uble now. 如果你听了我的话,你现在也不会有这样的麻烦了。 If you were in better health, we’d have let you go wit h us. 你要是身体好一点,我们就让你和我们一道去了。 4. 含蓄虚拟条件句 所谓含蓄虚拟条件句即指将条件从句隐藏在上下文一定的短语中的一类条件句。如: Anybody else would have believed you. 任何别人都会相信你的话了。 Without your help, I couldn’t have achieved all this. 要不是有你帮助,我不会取得这些成就。 I would have written before, but I have been ill. 我本想给你写信的,但我生病了。 5. if it weren’t (wasn’t) for与if it hadn’t been for

虚拟语气的基本用法归纳

虚拟语气的基本用法归纳 今天我们从以下几个方面来掌握虚拟语气的基本用法。 一、虚拟语气的使用范围: 虚拟语气用来表示说话人所说的话并不是事实,而是一种假设、愿望、怀疑或推测。该语法主要用于if 条件状语从句中,也可用于主语从句、表语从句和宾语从句等。 二、虚拟语气的判断: 1. if 条件状语从句中虚拟语气的判断。if 条件状语从句有真实条件句和非真实条件句。假设条件可以实现的句子为真实条件句,反之为非真实条件句,要用虚拟语气。其形式分为以下三种: (1) 与过去事实相反的假设。结构为:从句的谓语动词用“had + 过去分词”,主句用“should (would, could, might) + have + 过去分词”。例如: If it had not rained so hard yesterday, we could have played tennis. 如果昨天没有下大雨,我们就能玩网球了。(2) 与现在事实相反的假设。结构为:从句的谓语动词用过去式,系动词用were,主句的谓语用“should (would, could, might) + 动词原形”。例如: If I were in your position, I would marry her. 如果我是你,我就娶她为妻。

(3) 与将来事实相反的假设。结构为:从句的谓语动词用“should (were to) + 动词原形”,主句用“should (would, could, might) + 动词原形”。例如: If you should miss the chance, you would feel sorry for it. 如果你错过了这次机会,你会难过的。 2. 宾语从句中的虚拟语气。 (1) wish后接宾语从句中的虚拟语气:根据从句的意义来判断。 A: 表示与现在和将来事实相反的愿望,从句谓语动词用过去时态。例如: I wish they were not so late. 要是他们来得不是这么晚就好了。 B: 表示与过去事实相反的愿望,从句谓语动词用过去完成时态。例如: I wished he hadn't done that. 我真希望那件事不是他做的。 (2) 表示“要求、建议、命令”等动词后面的宾语从句中的虚拟语气。用于此结构的动词有:advise, direct, agree, ask, demand, decide, desire, insist, order, prefer, propose, request, suggest等。从句的谓语动词用“should + 动词原形”,其中should 可以省去。例如: I insisted that he (should) go with us. 我坚持让他和我们一

虚拟语气用法归纳(叶文斌)

虚拟语气(the subjunctive mood)用法归纳 第一部分:语气的定义和种类 1、语气(mood) 语气是动词的一种形式,表示说话人对某一行为或事情的看法和态度。 2、语气的种类 ⑴陈述语气:表示动作或状态是现实的、确定的或符合事实的,用于陈述句、疑问句和 某些感叹句。如: ①There are two sides to every question. 每个问题都有两个方面。 ②Were you busy all day yesterday? 昨天一整天你都很忙吗? ③How good a teacher she is! 她是多好的一位老师啊! ⑵祈使语气:表示说话人对对方的请求或命令。如: ①Never be late again! 再也不要迟到了。 ②Don’t forget to turn off the light. 别忘了关灯。 ⑶虚拟语气:表示动作或状态不是客观存在的事实,而是说话人的主观愿望、假设或推 测等。如: ①If I were a bird, I could fly in the air. 如果我是一只小鸟,我就能在空中飞行。 ②I wish I could pass the examination. 我希望我能通过考试。 ③May you succeed! 祝您成功! 第二部分:简单句中的虚拟语气 一、情态动词的过去式用于现在时态时,表示说话人的谦虚、客气、有礼貌、或委婉的语气, 常用于日常会话中。如: ⑴Would you be kind enough to show me the way to the post office? 请你告诉我去邮局的路好吗? ⑵It would be better for you not to stay up too late. 你最好别熬夜到很晚。 二、表祝愿。 1、常用“may+动词原形”表示祝愿,但愿,may须置于句首(多用于正式文体中)。如: ⑴May good luck be yours! 祝你好运! ⑵May you be happy! 祝你快乐! ⑶May you do even better! 祝你取得更大成就! ⑷May you have a good time. 祝愿你玩的痛快。 ⑸May the friendship between us last long. 祝愿我们的友情天长地久。 ⑹May you be happy. 祝你幸福。 【注意】本句型属于部分倒装句型,主语后用动词原形。 2、用动词原形。如: ⑴Long live the people! 人民万岁! ⑵“God bless you,” said the priest. 牧师说:“愿上帝保佑你!” ⑶Have a good journey! 祝愿你旅途愉快! 三、表示强烈愿望。(该类型虚拟语气谓语仅用动词原形,第三人称单数也不加“s”) ⑴God save me. ⑵Heaven help us. 四、表命令。 1. 命令虚拟语气只能用在第二人称(you),而且通常省略主语(也就是you)。

英语虚拟语气语法归纳总结归纳归纳

精心整理虚拟语气: 表示说的话不是事实,不可能发生或者说可能性很小的情况,表达一种愿望、建议、假设。 一、条件状语从句中的用法 附注: 虚拟语气,条件状从倒装 状语从句中,去掉if, 提前were/had/should 如:IfIwereyou,Iwouldgiveup. →WereIyou,Iwouldgiveup

Ifyouhadtakentheadvice,youwouldhave…. →Hadyoutakentheadvice,youwouldhave… Iftheworldshouldcometoanend,…… →Shouldtheworldcometoanend…… 另外,without,butfor,otherwise构成的条件状语从句中,也有含蓄的虚拟语气Butforthepopularizationofelectricity,wewouldleadawholedifferentlifetoday . (popularization普及,publicity宣传 Withoutyourhelp,Iwouldhavefailed. 但其实,高中英语考试也常考: 错综虚拟语气条件句 据各自的时间而定。 举例: (layout规划、设计、安排、陈设、摆放…layoutn.布局、规划) 二、特殊句式: 1.wish+宾语从句 Iwishmyparentswouldn’tpunishme.

IwishIhad n’t madesuchanirrevocablemistake.(irrevocable不可撤销、不可以挽回的) 2.「十个词」 一坚持:insist(表示坚持主张、认为,不表示坚持说) 二命令:order,command 三建议:advise,propose,suggest(表示建议,不表示表明、显示、暗示) 四要求: 这些动词后面的宾语从句要使用 例: WesuggestedthatTom(should)have (beforelong,不久之后 尝试翻译:他坚决要求 例 It’sanorderthatthesoldiersobeytheru lesinthearmy. Mysuggestionisthat everyone ofusthree finish onepartofthisprojectandthenwein tegratethemtogether.(integrate整合) 3.wouldrather宁愿 从句当中谓语形式

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