最新材料科技英语句子翻译重点

材料科技英语考试句子翻译复习

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1. Material science involves investigating the relationship that exists between the structures and properties of materials. In contrast，“material engineering”is on the basis of these structure-property correlations，designing or engineering the structure of a material to produce a predetermined set of properties

材料科学是研究材料的结构和性能之间存在的关系，相反，材料工程是在这些结构性能相互关系的基础上，设计和构建材料的结构来实现一系列的预定的性能。

2. Virtually all important properties of solid materials may be grouped into six different categories：mechanical，electrical，thermal，magnetic，optical，and deteriorative

实际上，固体材料的所有重要材料可以被分成六个目录，力学，热学，磁学，光学和失效。

3. In addition to structure and properties, two other important components are involved in the science and engineering of materials，namely“processing”and “performance”.

除了结构和性质，还有两个重要的材料科学与工程的性质是材料加工材料和性能。

4. The more familiar an engineer or scientist is with the various characteristics and structure-property relationships，as well as processing techniques of materials，the more proficient and confident he or she will be to make judicious materials choices based on these criteria

工程师和科学家对于材料的各种性质特征和结构性能越熟悉，他们基于这种标准而对材料做出的明智选择将更加熟练和自信。

5. On only rare occasion does a material possess the maximum or ideal combination of properties. Thus，it may be necessary to trade off one characteristic for another

只有在极少数新情况下，才能在材料的加工过程中，将各种性能最大化、理想化地结合起来，因此，权衡材料的一个性能和另一个性能是很有必要的。

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6. An object will float in water if its density is less than the density of water and sink if its density is greater than that of water. Similarly, an object with specific gravity less than one will float and those with a specific gravity greater than one will sink.

一个物体的密度比水小时，它会浮在水上，比水大时，它会下沉。类似地，当一个物体的比重大于一，它就会上浮，比重小于一，它就会下沉。

7. Materials that cause the lines of flux to move farther apart, resulting in a decrease in magnetic flux density compared with a vacuum, are called diamagnetic. Materials that concentrate magnetic flux by a factor of more than one but less than or equal to ten are called paramagnetic; materials that concentrate the flux by a factor of more than ten are called ferromagnetic

反磁性体是一类会引起磁力线疏离导致磁通量比真空中低的材料。顺磁性体是会引起磁力线密度成倍增加，倍率系数大于1，小于等于10的材料。铁磁性体是磁力线密度增加倍率超过10的材料。

8. Certain ferromagnetic materials, especially powdered or laminated iron, steel, or nickel alloys, ha ve μr that can range up to about 1000000. Diamagnetic materials have μr less than one, but no known substance has relative permeability much less than one.

一些铁磁性材料，尤其是粉末状或层压状的铁、不锈钢或镍基合金的相对磁导率μr可达1000000。反磁性材料的相对磁导率μr小于1。已知材料中尚未发现相对磁导率比1小很多的。

9. When a paramagnetic or ferromagnetic core is inserted into a coil, the inductance is multiplied by μr compared with the inductance of the same coil with an air core.

当线圈内插入一个顺磁性体或铁磁性体芯，其电感是空气芯的相同线圈电感的μr倍。(10-13,1/4)

10.化学性质是用来描述一种物质是怎样变成另外一种完全不同的物质的性质。Properties that describe how a substance changes into a completely different substance are called chemical properties.

11.相变是一种物理性质，并且物质存在四种相：固相、液相、气相和等离子体。

Phase transformation is a physical property of matter, and matter can exist in four phase: solid, liquid, gas and plasma.

12.当温度低于熔点时，聚合物的晶体结构破坏，但其分子仍然连接在分子链上，从而形成一种柔软和柔顺性材料。

At the temperature below the melting point, polymers start to lose their crystalline structure but the molecules remain linked in chains, which results in a soft and pliable material.

13.在工程应用中，渗透率通常用相对值而不是绝对值来表示。

In engineering applications, permeability is often expressed in relative, rather than in absolute, terms.

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14.通常，温度低于室温的时侯，金属合金的强度性质降低，而延展性、破碎韧度和拉伸性能增强。

Temperature above room temperature usually cause a decrease in the strength properties of metallic alloys.

15.从材料的角度来说，应力是一种在材料内部所分布的力，它可以平衡所施加的负荷并与其发生相互作用。

From the perspective of what is happening within a material,stress is the internal distribution of forces within a body that balance and react to the loads applied to it.

16.工程应变可定义为:所施加的力方向上的材料的改变量与材料原始长度的比值。Engineering strain is defined as the amount of deformation in the direction of the applied force divided by the initial length of the material.

17.高强度和高延展性的材料比低强度和低延展性的材料的韧性高。

A material with high stress and high ductility will have more toughness than a material with low strength and high ductility.

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18.作为陶瓷的金刚石是所致的材料中具有最高导热性的材料。

Diamond, which is classified as a ceramic, has the highest thermal conductivity of any known material.

19.陶瓷的压缩强度大于拉伸强度，而金属的压缩强度与拉伸强度相当。

Ceramics are stronger in compression than in tension, whereas metals have comparable tensile and compressive strengths.

20.尽管陶瓷与复合材料结合可以显著地改善陶瓷的韧性，但是在通常情况下陶瓷的韧性比较差。

Ceramics generally have low toughness, although combining them in composites can dramatically improve this property.

21.陶瓷产品的功能取决于它们的化学组成和微结构，正是这些化学组成和微结构决定着它们的性能。

The functions of ceramic products are dependent on their chemical composition and microstructure, which determines their properties.

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22. 要想了解任一材料的行为与性能，有必要先了解它的结构。

To understand the behavior and properties of any material, it is essential to understand its structure.

23. 晶粒尺寸是由初始粉体颗粒的大小和它们的凝结方式所决定的。

The grain size is determined by the size of the initial powder particles and the way in which they were consolidated.

24. 透明与半透明陶瓷需要限制由气孔和二相粒子引起的光散射。

Transparent or translucent ceramics require that we limit the scattering of light by pores and second-phase particles.

25. 因为氧化铝陶瓷具有高电阻率和低介电常数，所以它可以用作电的绝缘体。

Alumina ceramics are used as electrical insulators because of their high electrical resistivity and low dielectric constant.

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26.生物材料是应用医疗器械中并与生物系统发生相互作用的一种非活性材料。Biomaterial is a non-viable material used in a material device intend to interact with biological systems.

27. 当现有的机体部分发生突变、损坏或只是简单的磨损时，这些修复就会变得很有必要。These repairs become necessary when the existing part becomes diseased, damaged, or just simply wears out.

28. 因为松质骨的密度低，所以它的弹性模量比骨皮质低，断裂应变率比皮质骨高。Because of its lower density, cancellous bone has a lower E and higher strain-to-failure radio than cortical bone.

29. 利用降低弹性模量的方法来排除应力屏蔽是生物陶瓷复合材料发展的一个主要目的。Eliminating stress shielding, by reducing E,is one of the primary motivations for the development

of bioceramic composites.

30. 这里有许多关于氧化锆陶瓷α辐射排放的长期效应问题，尽管这种作用很小。Although the activity is small, there are questions concerning the long-term effect of α radiation emission from zirconia ceramics.

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31.If a nearly inert material is implanted into the body in initiates a protective response that leads to encapsulation by a non adherent fibrous coating about 1μm thick.

如果一种接近惰性的材料被植入人体内会引起一种保护性反应，这种反应可能引起非黏着性纤维维层的包裹，厚度大约1μm。

32. An example is a bioactive glass coating on stainless steel, which utilizes the strength properties of and toughness of steel and the surface-active properties of the glass, bioactive glass coating.

不锈钢生物活性玻璃涂层就是一个例子，它主要利用钢的强度和韧性以及玻璃的表面活性特征。

33. The composite consists of collagen, which is flexible and very tough, and crystals of an apatite of calcium and phosphate.

这种复合材料是由非常有弹性以及韧性的骨胶原和与钙羟基磷灰石极为相似的钙磷石灰晶体组成的。

34. The difference in E between the various types of connective tissues ensures a smooth gradient in mechanical stress across a bone , between bones , and between muscles and bones.

不同种类的连接组织的弹性模量不同，这种不同能够保证在骨、骨与骨之间以及肌肉与骨之间存在一个机械应力光滑梯度。

35. Studies show, as you might expect , that increased loads and longer times increase the probability of failure.

研究表明，可能想你期待的一样，负荷的增加以及时间的延续会增加失效的概率。

36. Results from aging and fatigue studies show that it is essential that Al2O3 implants be produced with the highest possible standards of quality assurance, especially if they are to be used as orthopedic prostheses in younger patients.

老化和疲劳的研究结果表明，Al2O3植入体要具有可能最高标准的质量保证，尤其是它们用于年轻患者的矫正假肢上。

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https://www.360docs.net/doc/84174701.html,posite retains its own distinctive properties and has properties that can not be achieved by any of the components acting alone .

复合材料既保留了各组分原有的性能，又具有每种组分单独存在时所不具备的性能。

38.Carbon-epoxy composites are two thirds the weight of aluminum ,and two and a half times as sitff.

碳环氧树脂的密度是铝的2/3，硬度是铝的2.5倍。该材料耐老化，易修复。

39.Known by the concept of composite,reinforced plastics,metal-matrix composite,ceramic-matrix composite and concrete are all composites.

由复合材料的概念可知，强化塑料、金属基复合物、陶瓷基复合物及混凝土等都是复合材料。

40.In fiber-reinforced composites,the fiber is the primary load-bearing component.Fiberglass and carbon fiber composites are examples of fiber-reinforced composites.

在纤维增强复合材料中，纤维主要起承载负荷的作用。玻璃纤维和碳纤维就是这种复合材料中的两种。

论文摘要：

Preparation/Synthesis……的制备Preliminary study of…….初步研究

Study on…………………探讨Progress in/Recent advances in…….进展

Effect/Influences of/on….影响Application of……………………..应用探讨

Performance comparison of ……………..性能比较

XRD: X射线衍射方法TEM：透射电镜SEM：扫描电镜DSC ：示差扫描量热分析DTA：差热分析TG：热重分析