(word完整版)人教版初中英语七年级下册Unit2SectionB教材全解

(word完整版)人教版初中英语七年级下册Unit2SectionB教材全解
(word完整版)人教版初中英语七年级下册Unit2SectionB教材全解

人教版初中英语七年级下册Unit2SectionB教材全解

Unit 2 What time do you go to school?

Unit 2 Section B教材全解

1.half past six in the morning早上六点半

【重点注释】①half作为名词或代词,意为“一半,半数”,是可数名词,其复数形式是halves。例如:Please cut the apple in half.请把这个苹果切成两半。Half of ten is five.十的一半是五。Cut the apple into halves.把苹果切成两半。

【拓展记忆】表示“某物的一半”用“half a (an)+单数名词”结构。例如:half an hour半小时half a kilo半公斤half an orange半个橘子

②past作介词,意为“(在时间、地点、范围上)超过”。例如:half past two两点半ten(minutes) past six六点十分It’s twenty past seven.现在是七点二十分。The hospital is about a mile past the school.医院在过了学校的一公里处。

【拓展记忆】past作介词时,还可表示“超过(某年龄)”。例如:an old man past seventy七十多岁的老人

2.a quarter past three in the afternoon在下午三点十五(三点一刻)

a quarter to seven in the evening在晚上六点四十五(七点差一刻)

.【重点注释】①quarter作名词,意为“一刻钟;四分之一”,a/one quarter“一刻钟;四分之一”;three quarters =three fourths四分之三。例如:Please wait for a quarter.请等一刻钟。There are four of us,so wo cut the orange into quarters and each eats a piece.我们共有四个人,因此我们吧橘子切成四等份,每人吃一份。

②to作介词,意为“(在时间上)差”,“(几点)差(几分)”,结构是:分钟数(超过30分钟,即分钟数>30分钟)+to+整点(整点+1),意思是“几点差几分(几点零多少分钟)”。例如:six to five 四点五十四分(五点差六分)

【比较记忆】past 与to表示时间:①用past(过,超过)表示时间时,有三种表达法:1)half past+整点,表示“几点半”。例如:half past nine/eleven/three九点/十一点/三点半2)分钟数(不超过30分钟,即分钟数<30分钟;如果=30分钟,要用half past+整点;如果分钟数>30分钟,不能用past而要用to“差”来表示)+past+整点,意思是“几点(过)几分”。例如:ten past ten十点十分two past two两点零二分twenty-five past eight八点二十五分fifteen(a quarter)past four四点十五3)a quarter past +整点,表示“几点(过)一刻”。例如:a quarter past three 三点一刻(三点十五分)a quarter past nine九点过一刻(九点十五分)

②用to(差,不到)表示时间时,有两种表达法:1)分钟数(超过30分钟,即分钟数>30分钟;如果=30分钟,要用half past+整点;如果<30分钟,要用分钟数+past+整点,即“几点(过)几分”)+to+整点(点时间+1),表示“几点差几分”。例如:two to two两点差二分(一点五十八分)thirteen to ten十点差十三分(九点四十七分)five to twelve十二点差五分(十一点五十五分)2)a quarter(正好15分钟)to +整点(整点+1),表示“几点差一刻”。例如:a quarter to three三点差一刻(二点四十五分)a quarter to eleven十一点差一刻(十点四十五分)注意:有“half past+整点”的说法,但没有“half to+整点”的说法。

【归纳记忆】时间的表达方式:数词用基数词。①整点表达法:如果时间是整点,可以直接用钟点数或在钟点数后加o’clock来表达。例如:at six (o’clock)

②“钟点数+分钟数”表达法:先说钟点,再说分钟,直接罗列。例如:five twenty-five

③(参见以上【比较记忆】)“分钟数+past/to+钟点数”表达法:30分钟以内,用“分钟数+past +钟点数”表达,例如:5:25;30分钟以上,用“分钟数(60-分钟数)+to+钟点数(下一个钟点数,即钟点数+1)”表达,例如:5:40。另外,在分钟数中,正好30分钟,用“half past+整点”来表达;正好15分钟,即“几点过一刻,或几点差一刻”用“a quarter past/to+整点”来表达。

3.do homework做家庭作业

【重点注释】homework是不可数名词,一般不加冠词。在词组do homework 中可以使用形容词性物主代词(do one’s homework),也可不用。例如:He has a lot of homework.他有许多家庭作业。I do my homework every day.我每天做作业。He usually does his homework before dinner.他经常晚饭前做作业。

【拓展记忆】housework是不可数名词,指“家务劳动;家务活”。例如:My mother does housework every day.我妈妈每天都做家务。

4. eat dinner/breakfast吃晚/早饭

【重点注释】eat breakfast/lunch/dinner表示“吃早/午/晚饭”,也可以用have来表示“吃”。例如:Let’s eat/have our dinner.咱们吃饭吧。It’s time to eat/have breakfast.到吃早饭的时间了(该吃早饭了)。

5.——When do students usually eat dinner?学生们通常什么时候吃晚饭?——They usually eat dinner at a quarter to seven in the evening.

他们通常晚上六点四十分吃晚饭。【重点注释】①本句是由疑问副词when引导的特殊疑问句,when意思是“什么时候,何时”。例如:——When is your birthday,John?约翰,你的生日是那一天?——My birthday is February6th.我的生日是2月6日。When do you usually get home?你通常什么时候到家?When can you come?你什么时候能来?

②英语钟点时刻的表达方式:1)采用基数词表达时间。例如:seven thirty7:30 seven fifteen七点十五seven forty-five七点四十五2)采用介词past,to表达时间。一般说来半个小时以内,常用介词past,表示“几点过几分”;半小时过后,常用介词to,表示“差几分到几点”。例如:a quarter past eight半点一刻half past 六点半。twenty-five to five差二十五分五点

③AM和PM:AM表示“午前,上午”(午夜12:00后至中午12:00);PM表示“午后,下午”(中午12:00后至午夜12:00前)。在使用时,常用小写形式am和pm.在美式英语中,使用形式为a.m.和p.m.

6. do my homework做我的家庭作业

【重点注释】do one’s homeworkyiwei “做某人的家庭作业“。do作动词,意为“做;干”,指做具体的工作,强调动作、行为。其后的宾语常常是lesson,work,homework,exercise等。其中one’s 代表形容词性物主代词,在句中根据前面的主语选用相应的物主代词。例如:She wants to help his sister do her homewok.他想帮助他妹妹做家庭作业。He doesn’t do his homework on Sunday.他在星期天不做家庭作业。注意:do one’s homework中的do充当实义动词,变否定句时,要借助于助动词do或does。

7.clean my room打扫我的房间

【重点注释】此处elean是动词,意思是“把……打扫干净”。例如:She is cleaning the bedroom now.现在他正在打扫卧室。

【拓展记忆】clean还可作形容词,意思是“干净的,清洁的”。例如:Are your hands

clean?你的手干净吗?

8.take a walk散步

【重点注释】①此处take a walk=have a walk=take/have walks=walk意为“散步”,与have a walk/go for a walk.同义,“take a+名词”表示与该名词意义相关的动作。take常和名词连用,意为“做……事情”,表示与该名词意义相关的动作。例如:Let’s take a walk.让我们散步吧。I want to take a rest.我想休息一下。Can I have a look?我可以看看吗?

【拓展记忆】take表示“乘,坐”某一交通工具。例如:He takes a bus to go to school every day.他每天乘公共汽车上学。Mr.Smith often takes a train to work.

②walk作可数名词,意为“步行,行走”。例如:How about going for a wlk(go for

a walk“去散步”)?出去散散步,如何?She usually takes a walk after supper.她经常在晚饭后散步。He took the dog for a walk.他带着狗去散步。

【拓展记忆】1)walk作名词,还可意为“步行的距离”。例如:The station is ten minutes’walk from my house.车站离我加要步行十分钟2)walk作动词,意为“步行,行走”例如:He walks to school every day.他每天步行去上学。We walk home.

9.go to bed early早睡get up early 早起

(Hi,I’m Tony.I don’t like to get up early你好!我是托尼。我不喜欢早起床。) 【重点注释】early:①形容词(adj.)。1)早的;提早的;早产的,早熟的。例如:They were much earlier than I expected. 他们比我期待的早多了。We had an early dinner today. 今天我们晚餐吃得早。2)早期的,早先的,在前的。例如:In his early years, he was a keen basketball player. 他早年热衷于打篮球。3)不久的,很快的。例如:We look forward to an early reply. 我们期望早日得到答复。

②副词(adv.),没有earlily 这一说。1.早;提早。例如:Please come to see me early tomorrow morning. 请明天一早来见我。Please come early. 请早点来。2.在开始阶段,在初期。

10.eat quickly吃得快/ eat very quickly吃得很快

【重点注释】quickly副词,一般指思维、动作反应快且用时少,意为“快;很快地,迅速地”,用于修饰动词,常放在动词之后。quickly的形容词是quick,意为“快的”。quick(迅速的,敏捷的,机敏的,快的)—slow(慢的)quickly —slowly。例如:He runs very quickly.他跑得非常快。Come here quickly快点儿到这里来。He quickly changes his clothes.= He changes his clothes quickly.他迅速地换了衣服。

【试题链接】用括号中词语的正确形式填空:In my class, many students like playing ____(sport). Some boys like basketball.

(翻译;“在我们班上,很多学生喜欢做运动。有一些男孩喜欢打篮球。”解析:短语play sports翻译为“做体育运动”。故答案是sports。)

【试题链接】What___do you like? I like ping-pong,but I only watch ___on TV.

A. sport, it

B. sports, them

(这道题选A较好。问“你喜欢什么运动”。答“我喜欢乒乓球,但我只是在电视上看看”。这样的问题有很多类似的,是很普遍的问句。比如:what color/book

do you like?一般问的人只是泛泛的问,并不知道对方喜欢哪个或哪些,回答的人可以答一种或几种(口语中)。上题回答pingpong一项,则用it。英语学习还是要注意多听多练多说,习惯了,答案则脱口而出。比如,此类问句what color do you like?,类比一下就知道答案了。)

【试题链接】根据首字母填单词:We have many s____;volleyball,basketball,ping pong and more. (答案是sports,后面的是举例有哪些运动。)

12.I don’t have much time for breakfast.我没有很多时间吃早餐。

【重点注释】①此处time意为“时间”,是不可数名词,故“许多”用much,而不用many。many/much意思都是“许多”,前者与可数名词复数连用,后者与不可数名词连用,many/much可以用于肯定句或否定句。lots of等于a lot of, 也是“许多”的意思,并且只能用于肯定句中;lots of既可修饰可数名词复数,也可修饰不可数名词,相当于many或much。思考:该句的much能否用lots of 或a lot of 替换?

②此句中的介词for表示目的,意为“为”,该句相当于I don’t have much time to have breakfast.类似例句:She doesn’t have much time to play sports.I have no time to go home.I have no time to do my homework.I usually don't have time to clean my room.Sorry, I have no time to go out.

13.After school,I sometimes play basketball for half an hour.放学后,我有时打半个小时篮球。

【重点注释】①sometimes副词,意为“有时”,相当于at times。例如:I sometimes play computer games.我有时候玩电脑游戏。

时间”。

②“for+一段时间”表示“长达多久”,此时句中的谓语动词应用延续性动词。例如:I waited for you for half an hour.我等了你半个小时。I study English for ten years. 我学英语10年了。I watched TV for two hours last night.我昨晚看了两个小时的电视。

【辨析记忆】延续性动词表示的动作不但可以延续,而且可以产生持久的影响。常见的这类动词有:be,have,keep,know,learn,lie,live,read,sing,sleep,stand,stay,wait,walk,watch,study, work, play等。短暂性动词是非延续性动词,即动作一开始便结束的动词,又可称结束性动词,瞬间动词,如come, go, begin, start, become,leave,buy,join,die ...

14.In the evening,I either watch TV or play computer games.晚上,我要么看电视,要么玩电脑游戏。

【重点注释】either…or…意为“要么……,要么……;或者……,或者……;不是……,就是……”,连接句子中两个独立的词、短语等并列的成分,甚至独立的句子。例如:When the girl is happy,she either sings or dances.那个女孩高兴时,不是唱就是跳。He is either in the classroom or in the libruary.他不是在教室就是在图书馆。You can either go swimming or play tennis.你可以去游泳也可以去打网球。

You can have either this one or that one.你拿这个或那个都可以。

【拓展记忆】either的用法:①either,副词,意为“也”,用于否定句,置于句末。例如:If you don't go there, I won't, either.如果你不去那里,我也不去。He doesn’t like playing cards.I don’t ,either.他不喜欢打牌,我也不喜欢。注意:too,also也是“也”的意思,其用于肯定句。too置于句末,also置于句中(be动词、助动词之后,实义动词之前)。

②either作形容词或代词,意为“两者之一(的);两者中的任何一个”;可以单独用,也可以用于“either+单数名词”或“either of+复数名词”结构;当它们在句中作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式。例如:—Do you want tea or coffee?你要茶还是咖啡?—Either is OK.哪一种都行。Come on Saturday or Sunday. Either day is OK.星期六或星期天来吧,这两天哪天都行。There are lots of shops on either side of the street.(=There are lots of shops on both sides of the street.)街道两边有许多商店。Is either of your parents coming to see you next week?下周你父亲或母亲要来看你吗?注意:either作主语时,谓语动词应用单数形式,of后面的名词在数上应是“两个”,并带有限定词,如往往说either of the/your boxes,而不说either of boxes。

③either…or…连接两个并列的成分,当连接两个名词或代词作主语时,谓语动词应与最近的一个名词或代词在人称和数上保持一致,这就是我们常说的“就(靠)近原则”。例如:Either you or I am going there tomorrow.明天要么你去那里,要么我去那里。

【辨析记忆】either…or…与neither…nor…(既不……也不……;两者都不)容易混淆。either与neither可用作形容词、代词、副词和连词等,它们的用法如下:一、用作形容词。起定语作用,常放在单数名词前。either 表示“这个或者那个”;neither 表示“既非这个、也非那个,两者皆非的”。如:You may use either book.两本书你可以随便用一本。Neither answer is right.两个答案都不对。二、用作代词。范围多限定于两者之间,常用作主语。作主语时后面跟单数动词。either 表示“二者之一”;neither 表示“两者都不”,其反义词是both 。如:Either of the knives is useful.两把刀都有用。Neither of them was in good health, but both worked very hard .他们两人身体都不好,但都努力地工作。三、用作副词。either 只用于否定句中,表示“也(不)”;neither 通常用在句子(或简略答语)的开头,表示“也不”,其后要用倒装语序(即:将主语放在助动词、情态动词、连系动词be 之后)。如:I don’t speak French. She doesn’t, either .( =Neither I nor she speaks French .) 我不会讲法语,她也不会讲法语。If she won’t go, neither shall I .( =If she won’t go, I won’t, either .) 要是她不去,我也不去。四、用作连词。构成短语either…or…与neither…nor…,分别表示“要么……要么……,或者……或者……”和“既不……也不……,既非……也非……”。常用来连接两个并列成分,如并列主语、并列谓语等。但应注意以下几点:1 .无论either…or…还是neither…nor…,在连接两个并列的单数名词作主语时,后面动词用单数。2 .若连接两个复数名词作主语,后面动词用复数。3 .如果一个单数名词和一个复数名词一起作主语时,动词的单复数形式必须和最靠近的一个主语保持一致。人称代词作主语也一样。如:Either Mary or Rose is coming.不是玛丽来,就是罗斯来。(连接两个并列的单数主语)Neither boy students nor girl students are right .男生和女生都不对。(连接两个并列的复数主语)Neither the teacher nor the students are going to Huashan. 老

师和同学们都不打算去华山。(动词与最靠近的主语相一致)You can either ride a bike or take a bus to go there.你可以骑车或坐公共汽车去那里。(连接并列谓语)I have neither time nor money for skiing.我没有时间,也没有钱去滑雪。(连接并列宾语)The green shirt is either yours or hers.这件绿色的衬衣不是你的就是她的。(连接并列表语)He will come neither today nor tomorrow.他今天不会来,明天也不会来。(连接两个状语)

【试题链接】——When are you going camping?

——today or tomorrow.We’ll be free these days.

A.Neither

B.Either

C.Both

(neither两者都不;either两者之一;both两者都。结合答语句意“要么今天,要么明天。我们这几天都有空”知选B。)

【试题链接】——When are you going to Beijing for your holiday?

——I haven’t decided. this Sunday next Sunday is OK.

A.Not only;but also

B.Neither;nor

C.Either;or

(not only……but also……“不仅……而且……”;neither……nor……“既不……也不……(两者都不)”;either……or……“或者……或者……(两者之中有一个)”,句意:你什么时候去北京度假?我还没决定。或者这个周日,或者下周日都行。根据句意知选C。)

15.At twelve,she eats lots of fruit and vegetables for lunch.十二点,她吃许多水果和蔬菜作为午饭(在十二点,午饭她吃许多水果和蔬菜)。

【重点注释】①lots of意思是“许多的,大量的”,相当于a lot of,既可以修饰可数名词复数形式(=many),又可以修饰不可数名词(=much),只能用于肯定句中。例如:There are lots of/a lot of/many birds in the tree.树上有许多鸟。We have lots of/a lot of/many vegetables every day.我们每天都吃许多蔬菜。There is lots of/a lot of/much milk in the glass.玻璃杯里有许多牛奶。There is lots of/a lot of/much water in the lake.湖里有许多水。

【拓展记忆】a lot 的用法:1)a lot可用作名词性词组,意为“许多”。如:I can learn a lot about Chinese history. 我可以学到很多有关中国历史方面的知识。2)a lot也可作副词词组,在句中作状语,修饰动词,表示程度,意思是“十分”、“非常”,相当于very much. 如:Thanks a lot.多谢。I like Chinese action movies a lot. 我非常喜欢中国的动作片。

②fruit和vegetables:fruit表示总称时,是不可数名词,表类别是可数。vegetables 可数名词。

【拓展记忆】名词fruit的用法:fruit与food, fish, chicken等一样,既可作可数名词,也可作不可数名词, 要注意区分。1)fruit 通常以不可数名词形式作集合性用法,即总称。例如:There are some fresh fruit on the table.桌上有些新鲜水果。Do you like fruit? 你喜欢吃水果吗?2)如果个别的水果或种类,fruit为可数名词,复数形式为fruits。例如:He is peeling a fruit. 他在削水果。I like fruit, but I don’t like some tropical fruits. 我喜欢水果,但有些热带水果我却不喜欢。

【试题链接】I am going to the greengrocer‘s(菜店)to get some ____and ____(用fruit 和vegetable的单数或者复数填空)。

16.After lunch,she sometimes plays volleyball.午饭后,她有时打排球。

【重点注释】①after是介词,表示时间,意为“在……之后”。例如:after a moment/while过了一会儿after dark天黑以后after school放学后

②sometimes是副词,意思是“有时“,表示频率。例如:He sometimes writes to me.他间或给我写写信。Sometimes I go by car.有时我坐汽车去。(参见Unit 2 Section B课文全析10)

【试题链接】用sometime ,sometimes,some time,some times填空:

1)I’ll stay here for some time.我将在这儿呆一段时间。2)Kate will be back sometime in February.凯特将在2月某个时候回来。3)Sometimes he comes by bike and sometimes by bus. 他有时骑车来,有时乘公共汽车来。4)I have been to the Great Wall some times.我去过长城几次。

17.She knows it’s not good for her,but it tastes good!她知道这对她(健康)不利,但它却很好吃!

【重点注释】①be good for意为“对……有益;对……有好处”;其反义短语为be bad for,意为“对……有害;对……有坏处”。例如:Exercise is good for the health.锻炼身体有益健康。Eating more vegetables is good for you.多吃蔬菜对你有好处。It’s bad for your eyes to read in the sun.在阳光下看书对你的眼睛有害。

作表语,表示主语所具有的特征。例如:Theset chocolates taste good.这些巧克力的味道很好。This tomato tastes sweet.这个西红柿尝起来是甜的。This drink tastes orange juice.这份饮料尝起来像橘汁。

【拓展记忆】①taste作连系动词,后可接like。如:This tastes like an orange.这(东西)尝起来像橘子。②taste还可作名词,意为“味道;滋味”。例如:This orange has a sweet taste.这个橘子有甜味。③类似的表示感觉的连系动词还有look(看起来),sound(听起来),smell(闻起来),feel(摸起来)等,其后都只能接形容词作表语。例如:The music sounds funny/interesting.

【试题链接】——What do you think of the zongzi?

——They delicious.Are they made by your mother?

A.sound

B.taste

C.feel

D.look

(sound“听起来”;taste“尝起来”;feel“摸起来”;look“看起来”。由答语中的delicious(美味的)可知应该是“尝起来”。答案:B。)

【试题链接】——This kind of tofu smells terrible.

——That’s true.But it delicious.

A.feels

B.sounds

C.tastes

D.looks

(feel“摸起来”;sound“听起来”;taste“尝起来”;look“看起来”。tofu意为“豆腐”,上文说闻起来不好,下文用but转折说“尝起来”好吃,因此答案选C。)

18.I have a very healthy life.我过着非常健康的生活。

【重点注释】①have a healthy life=live a healthy life 过着健康的生活。have构成的词组:have a healthy life have a good day have a good time have fun have sports have(eat) breakfast/lunch/supper/dinner ……

②healthy形容词,意为“健康的”。例如:We should eat healthy food.我们应当吃健康的食物。The old man looks very healthy.那个老人看起来很健康。

【拓展记忆】health(n.健康)+-y→healthy(adj.健康的)→(变y为i+-ly)healthily(adv.健康地)

③life在此意为“生活”,若指某种生活方式的生活,为可数名词。例如:We have

a happy life.我们过着幸福的生活。

【拓展记忆】life作可数名词时,还可意为“生命;一生”。例如:The policeman saves the boy’s life.那名警察救了那个男孩的命。My grandfather works hard all his life.我爷爷一生都在努力工作。

19.Here are your clothes.这是你的衣服。

【重点注释】这是一个倒装句,即谓语动词提到主语之前。当①副词here,there 等位于句首,②且主语为名词时,句子要完全倒装。英语句子通常主语在前,谓语动词在后。但如果谓语动词出现在主语之前,这种现象叫倒装。谓语的所有组成部分都移到主语之前的称谓完全倒装或全部倒装;谓语的一部分(助动词、情态动词等)移到主语之前,而谓语的其余部分(实义动词)仍留在主语之后,这种倒装称为部分倒装。例如:Here comes the bus!公共汽车来了!There goes the bell!铃响了!

【拓展记忆】在这种句型中,如果主语是代词时就不要倒装。例如:Here you are!给你!Here he comes!他来了!

【归纳记忆】英语的正常语序是“主语+谓语动词(+宾语)”,但有时由于强调、承上启下、平衡等需要,要把谓语动词放在主语的前面,这种语序称作倒装。倒装可以分为全部倒装和部分倒装。①全部倒装,就是整个谓语部分放在主语之前。例如:In front of the house stands a tree.房前有一棵树。Here comes the bus.车来了。

②部分倒装,就是把谓语的一部分(通常是助动词、情态动词)放在主语之前。例如:Only in this way can we finish the work.只有这样,我们才能完成工作。

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