Unit 1 Living Well单词

Unit 1 Living Well单词·巧记·典句·考点

disability [d?s?'b?l?t?] n. 伤残；无力；无能

【巧记】dis（否定前缀）-ability（能力）.口诀：没能力即“残疾”。

【典句】Do you know anyone with a mental or physical disability?

【考点】可用作可数名词和不可数名词，用作可数名词表“残疾”；用作不可数名词表“无能、劳动能力丧失”。

【记忆链】able ['e?b(?)l] a. 能够；有能力的

ability [?'b?l?t?] n. 能力；才能

unable['e?b(?)l]adj.不能的，不能胜任的

disable [d?s'e?bl]vt. 1. 使失去能力[(+from)] 2. 使伤残

disabled [d?s'e?b(?)ld]adj.伤残的

enable [?n 'e?bl]vt.使某人能够做某事；使某事成为可能

【活用】

1) Mr. Hill lost his legs while he was in the army, so he became a _____person.

A. disable

B. disabled

C. disability D unable

2) The students in the pictures each have ____ _______.

答案：1) B 2) a disability

hearing ['h??r??]n. 听力；听觉

【巧记】hear--ing.口诀：听见加-ing是“听力”。

eyesight ['a?sa?t] n. 视力

【巧记】eye-sight.口诀：眼睛视线—视力，视觉。

2. ambition [?m'b??(?)n]n. 雄心；野心

【巧记】am-bit-ion.“野心”是一点点积累起来的。谐音--俺必胜。口诀：你要有“俺必胜”“雄心”。

【典句】Her son was filled with ambition to become a great inventor.

她儿子一心想成为伟大的发明家。

【考点】1）ambitious：[?m'bi??s]adj. 有雄心的；有野心的【巧记】ambitio(n)-us. 口诀：我们是有“有雄心的”。

2）常用结构：

One’s ambition is to do sth. 某人的理想就是……

have no ambition to do sth. 没有精力做某事

be ambitious for [power, social position, etc.] 极欲获得[权力, 社会地位等]

be ambitious of success渴望成功

be ambitious to serve the people一心想为人民服务

【活用】用适当形式填空：

1) His __________ is to sail around the world.

2) As ___ ________ leader, he wants to guide the local people to lead a happy life.

答案：1) ambition 2) an ambitious

3. beneficial adj. 有益的；受益的

【巧记】benefi(t)( 益处)+ cial(形容词后缀)。

【考点】1）常用短语：be beneficial to sb./ sth.对……有益

=be of benefit to sb./ sth.

2）benefit v. &n.有助于；受益；利益，好处。【巧记】ben-e-fit.口诀：奔（ben）跑的姨(e)有“健康的”(fit)身体，终身“受益”。

benefit from从……中受益（A benefits B = B benefits from A）

Thousands of patients have benefited greatly from this treatment.

= This treatment has benefited thousands of patients.

3) for the benefit of为了……(的利益)

get/gain/receive a benefit 得到好处

have the benefit of (sth.) 拥有……的好处

【活用】翻译句子：阳光对植物有益。

1）Sunshine __ __ ______ ___ plants.

2）Sunshine ___ ________ ___ plants.

3）Sunshine __________ plants.

4）Plants _______ _____ sunshine.

答案：1）is of benefit to 2）is beneficial to 3）benefits 4）benefits from

The new regulations will be ___________us all.

A. great beneficial to

B. greatly beneficial to

C. great benefit to

D. of greatly benefit to

key：B. be of great benefit to= be greatly beneficial to

。

4. in other words 换句话说

=that is to say

【典句】You can stay at home and needn’t come here any longer. In other words, you are fired.你可以在家呆着以后都不用来了。也就是说，你被解雇了。

【词卡】in a word=in one word总而言之

in word 口头上

in words用语言

have a word with sb.与某人谈话

have words with 与某人争吵

get in a word 插话

keep one’s word 守信用; 履行诺言

【活用】从以上短语中选择适当的短语填空。

1. I found it hard to convey my feelings _____.

2. His wife is my daughter, _____, I am his mother-in-law.

3. Let us not work hard _____, but in deed.

4. _____, then, we should improve our service.

答案：: 1. in words 2. in other words 3. in word 4. In a word

5. adapt [?'d?pt]vt. 使适应；改编;vi. 适应

【巧记】ad--apt ; 联想：ad广告，apt易于...的。口诀：广告易于“适应”。

【考点】1）常用搭配：

adapt to 适合（to是介词）

adapt sb. / sth. to ... 使某人/某事物适应…… （其中to为介词）

adapt (oneself) to ... (使自己)适应/习惯于……（to是介词）

adapt ... for ... 为……而改编

adapt from ... 根据……改编

adapt sth. for sth. from sth.根据某事将……改编成……

2）派生词：adaptable adj.能适应的; 可改编的

adaptation n.适应; 改编本

adapter/adaptor n.适应者; 改编者

Courses can be adapted to suit the needs of the individual.

课程可作修改以适应个人的需要。(to是表目的状语的不定式标记)

【活用】1、用上面结构完成下列句子：

1) They _______ this book ____ the needs of beginners.

2) It took him a while to ______ _______ ____ his new surroundings.

3) The children find it difficult to _____ ___ their new school.

4) Three of her novels have ____ _______ ___ television.

5) The movie ___ ________ ____ one of Lu Xun’s novels.

6) The film-makers _______ the cartoons film _____ children _____ the Russian original.

2、选择最佳答案：

1) She found it difficult to _____ herself to the new surroundings.

A. adapt

B. force

C. fit in

D. change

2) These are English story books ____ Chinese students.

A. adapted from

B. adapted for

C. adapted to

D. adapting for

答案：1、1) adapted , to 2) adapt himself to 3) adapt to 4) been adapted for 5) was adapted from 6) adapted, for, from

2、AB

辨析: adapt, adjust, fit, suit, match

adapt: 指修改或改变以适应新条件

adjust: 多指“调整, 调节”使之适应

fit: 多指“大小适合”，引申为“吻合”

suit: 多指“合乎要求、口味、性格、情况”

match: 指“大小、色调、形状、性质”等相配或相称

【活用】用上面动词完成下列句子：

1) You can’t see through the telescope until it is ________ to your eyes.

2) The shoes __ me well.

3) A red jacket doesn’t _____ green trousers.

4) No dish ____ all tastes.

5) You should _____ yourself to the new environment.

答案：adjusted, fit, match, suits, adapt

6. cut out 切去；省略；停止（做某事）

【词卡】cut down砍倒; 削减,压缩

cut up切[破]碎

cut off切断, 停掉;隔绝, 挡住

【活用】用恰当的介词填空。

1) I would cut _____ the bit about working as a waitress.

2) The car industry cut ______ production.

3) The woodchopper cut _______ the tree and cut it _______.

答案：: 1) out 2) down 3) down; up

7. absence ['?bs?ns]n. 缺席；不在某处

【巧记】absen(t) +-ce(名词后缀) 反义词：presence(n.)

【典句】Every time after a long absence from school, I feel really stupid because I am a bit behind the others.

【考点】1）常用短语：

in one’s absence = in the absence of… 当……不在时；当没有……

absence of mind心不在焉

2）absent adj

be absent from… “缺席……；缺乏……”

He has been absent from school for three days. 他已经旷课3天了。

【活用】

The presence of social support helps people fend off（避开）illness, and the ____ of such support makes poor health more likely(likely:很可能发生的).

A. absence

B. absent

C. appearance

D. help

key：A。注意此处为对比结构，空处应与presence相对应。

8. annoy[?'n??]vt. 使……不悦；惹恼

【巧记】an-no-y.口诀：一个不要，让人“烦恼”。

【考点】1）区别：annoyed adj. 颇为生气的；恼怒的;烦恼的（形容人）；annoying 令人恼火的（形容物）

△annoyance n. 烦恼

2）常用搭配：be annoyed at/by sth.因为某事而感到困扰

get /be annoyed with sb.生某人的气

to sb’s annoyance 让某人恼火的是

【活用】完成句子：

1) Stop ______ your mother. She is busy.

2) He ____ _______ ____ his lost ID card.

答案：annoying ；was annoyed at

all in all 总而言之

9. make fun of 取笑

【典句】Nobody likes being made fun of.

没有人喜欢被嘲笑。

【巧记】laugh at 嘲笑

play a joke on sb. 开某人的玩笑

play a trick on sb. 捉弄某人

have a joke with sb, 与某人开玩笑

have fun with sb.(和某人在一起)娱乐，开心

for fun为了快乐，闹着玩地

10. conduct['k?nd?kt]n. 行为；品行vt.指挥；管理；主持

【巧记】con-du-ct. 口诀：“带领”反对堵CT机。

【考点】1）conductor n. （汽车等的）售票员；（火车）列车员；乐队指挥；管理员，指导者

2) under the conduct of在...指导［管理］下

3) conduct oneself well.= behave oneself well 行为端正

4) conduct a survey/an experiment 进行调查(实验)

5)conduct /show sb. in/out 引领某人进来(出去)

【活用】选择最佳答案：

1) He is respected by his colleagues because he always _____ himself well.

A. shows

B. conducts

C. praises

D. reflects

2) As is known to all, rubber does not ______ electricity.

A. conduct

B. carry

C. take

D. load

答案：BA conduct electricity导电

11. resign [r?'za?n]vi. & vt. 辞职；辞去（工作、职位等）

【巧记】re-sign.可联想成:re热，sign迹象。口诀：一有发热的迹象就“辞职”。

【考点】常用结构：

resign one's position (as secretary) 辞去(秘书)职务

resign office辞职

resign ... to... 把... 托付给

resign oneself to听任(某种影响); 只好(做某事)

resign oneself to one's fate听天由命

【活用】完成句子：

1) In order to look after her sick mother, Mary decided to ______ _____ ________ _____ a manager in the company.

2) I _______ my children ____ your care.

答案：1) resign her position as 2) resign, to

slavery ['sle?v?r?]n. 奴隶制

12. congratulate[k?n'ɡr?tj?le?t]vt. 祝贺；庆贺

【巧记】cong-rat-u-late.口诀：聪明的老鼠在向迟到的你表示“祝贺”。

【考点】1）经典搭配：

congratulate sb. on (doing) sth. 向某人祝贺……

congratulate oneself on (doing) sth. 暗自庆幸……

2）congratulation [k?nɡr?tj?'le??(?)n]n. 祝贺；贺词【巧记】congratulat(e)-ion

Congratulations！恭喜; 恭贺！(通常用复数形式），

=Congratulations to you. （意为：祝贺你；祝贺祝贺），

congratulations to sb. on (doing) sth.因为某事向某人表示祝贺

3）回答祝贺一般用Thank you 之类表示感谢的套语。

【活用】根据汉语提示完成句子。

1. I came to __________ (祝贺你获取第一名) in the National Maths Olympic Competition.

2. He sent them an email, _____________________.(祝贺他们成功)

3. We _______ him on his birthday and held a party to _______ it.

A. congratulate; celebrate

B. celebrate; congratulate

C. congratulated; celebrated

D. congratulated; celebrate

答案：1.congratulate you on getting the first place 2.congratulating them on their success

3.D.解析：本题题意是：“我们给他祝贺生日，并举办宴会庆祝。”根据congratulate 和celebrate的用法，排除B项; 根据时态排除选项A和C。

13. access ['?kses]n. （接近的）方法；通路；可接近性

【巧记】a-ccess→success（成功）. 口诀：苏（su）有一(a)条成功通道。a cc ess →a ss ess(评估)

【考点】1) 注意：access 是一个不可数名词，所以前面不能加不定冠词。

2) have / gain access to 获得接近/ 进入的权利(机会)……，后常跟介词to

be accessible to对……是可接近/进入、使用

accessible[?k'ses?b(?)l]adj. 可接近的；可进入的；可使用的【巧记】access(接近)-ible(形容词后缀-可能的)

【活用】1.根据所给汉语完成句子：

1) Every student ____ _____ _______ ____ the library.(自由利用)

2) All the public transport will ____ __________ ____ both ordinary people and the disabled. (供……使用)

答案：1）has free access to 2）be accessible to

2.单选

1）.Free ___ to scientific results is changing research practice.

A. access

B. charge

C. trend

D. decline

2）.It is not socially______ for parents to leave children unattended at that age.（07山东）

A. accessible

B. adorable

C. adaptable

D. acceptable

key：AD.

accessible a. 易接近的, 可进入的, 可使用的

adorable a.可崇拜的, 值得敬慕的

adaptable a. 能适应的, 适合的, 可修改的

acceptable a.可接受的, 合意的, 可忍受的

句意：家长不照顾那个年龄的孩子是社会普遍难以接受的。根据句意应选D

14. assistance

【原句回放】The blind climbers got assistance from sighted companions.(Page 6)

【点拨】assistance: help n.“帮忙；援助；帮助”

例如：Please call if you require assistance.

Can I be of any assistance, sir?

【拓展】assist v. “帮助”

assist sb. in/ with sth.

assist sb in doing sth.

assistant n.“助手”

【随时练】The car is stuck. Will someone ____me to push it?

A. assist

B. help

C. assistance

D. assistant

key：B。assist后不接动词不定式。

15.in particular

【原句回放】In particular, I would like you to consider the following things.

【点拨】in particular“尤其，特别”

例如：He stressed two points in particular.

【拓展】in particular= especially

especially“特别地，不寻常地“，强调程度。在进一步补充说明前面所叙述的事的时候，前面一般用逗号隔开，一般用来修饰形容词、介词短语或状语从句。

specially“特意地，专门地”指与其不同的，专门为某种需要而专门设立的。

例如：I love the country, especially in spring.

I came here specially to see you.

【随时练】I noticed his eyes ______, because they were very large.

A. on particular

B. in particular

C. in special

D. in especially

key：B。

16.in other words

【原句回放】I guess you could say I am one in a million. In other words, there are not many people in the world like me.

【点拨】in other words换句话说，也就是说，换言之

同义词组：that is to say, namely均常作插入语。

例如：

In other words, the objection is to avoid losing.

He became, in other words, a great hero.

【拓展】相关短语：in a word 总而言之

keep one’s word信守诺言

get in a word插话，插嘴

【随时练】Paul is good, kind, hard-working and intelligent;_______, I can’t speak too highly of him.

A. as a result

B. in a word

C. by the way

D. on the contrary

key：B。前面说了Paul的许多优点，所以此处用in a word(总之)加以概括。句意为“我怎么夸都不过分。

重点句型

17.疑问词+不定式

【原句回放】The doctors don’t know exactly what is wrong with me, so they don’t know how to make me well.

【点拨】不定式和疑问词whether, what, which, whom, where, when, how, why等连用，在句中起名词性作用，常跟在tell, know, show, decide, learn, wonder，explain, advise, teach, discuss, find out等动词后作宾语，有时也作主语、表语。

例如：

Do you know how to prove a new idea in scientific research?

How to do it is a problem for me now.

The most important problem is how to get so much money.

【拓展】介词后一般不直接跟不定式，但可以跟疑问词+不定式短语作宾语。

例如：Mary gave some advice on how to learn English.

I have no idea of how to do it.

【随时练】①--Do you have the experience like that?

--Well, I’ve done the work before, so I know what _____ in my new job here.

A. expected

B. expecting

C. to expect

D. to be expecting

key：C.

so that

【原句回放】There should be a space at the end of each row so that people in wheelchairs can sit beside their friends.

【点拨】so that：in order that; with the result that。作“以便”，“为的是”讲，从句中通常用may(might)或can(could)等情态动词。

例如：

We learn English so that we may get more knowledge.

【拓展】

1.如果so that 引出的从句为否定结构，则其谓语多用should + v.原形，此时，so that 常译为“免得，以免”。例如：

He looked down so that she should not see his eyes.

2.so that 意为“以便于”，引导目的状语从句；而so…that…意为“如此……以至于……”，引导结果状语从句。

【随时练】John shut everybody out of the kitchen _____ he could prepare his grand surprise for the party.

A. which

B. when

C. so that

D. as if

key：C。

句意：约翰把每个人都关在厨房门外，以便他能够为晚会准备一份巨大的惊喜。

be +形容词+ to do

【原句回放】The buttons in the lift should be easy for people in wheelchairs to reach…(Page 8)

【点拨】be easy to do 中，easy后用不定式的主动形式表被动含义。

有此用法的形容词还有：important, light, difficult, heavy, comfortable，fit等。

例如：This kind of water isn’t fit to drink.

The box is difficult to carry.

【随时练】Come and see me whenever______.（全国）

A. you are convenient

B. you will be convenient

C. it is convenient to you

D. it will be convenient to you.

key：C。convenient指做某事对某人来讲是方便的，而不能理解为，某人是方便的。我们可以把It is convenient to sb. to do sth. 故排除A、B。而D项时态不对，whenever引导时间状语从句，用一般现在时态表示将来的含义。

used to

【原句回放】In fact, I used to dream about one day being a famous football player and representing my country in the World Cup.(Page 1)

【点拨】used to do sth.：indicating a frequent practice in the past:过去常常做某事。只用于过去时态。表示今昔对比，暗含现在已不再是原来的样子了。

例如：He used to get up early.

I used to go to office on foot but I don’t do tha t now.

【拓展】1.there used to be… 过去有……

There used to be a restaurant here.

2.be used to doing sth.习惯于……

I am not used to getting up early.

3.be used to do sth. 被用来做某事……

A knife is used to cut things.

【链接高考】

1.In my opinion, life in the twenty-first century is much easier than________.（07安徽）

A. that used to be

B. it is used to

C. it was used to

D. it used to be

答案解析：D。used to表过去常常，且与静态动词连用。it指代前面的life。

2. When and where to go for the on-salary holiday________ yet.

A. are not decided

B. have not decided

C. is not being decided

D. has not been decided

答案解析：D。疑问词+不定式作主语，谓语动词要用单数形式，“when and where”是指一个问题的两个方面，谓语动词仍然用单数。

3.Many of them turned a deaf ear to his advice, _______ they knew it to be valuable.（07浙江）

A. as if

B. now that

C. even though

D. so that

答案解析：C。本题考查连词。as if 好像；now that 既然；even though 尽管；so that 以便于，为了。根据意思很容易得出答案C。

4.Leonardo da Vinci(1452~1519)_________ birds kept in cages in order to have the pleasure of setting them free.（07重庆）

A. is said to be buying

B. is said to have bought

C. had said to buy

D. has said to have bought

答案解析：B. sb. be said/considered… + to have done 表示“某人被说或被认为已经做了某事”；sth. be said/considered… = to hav e done 表示“某事被说或被认为已经被做了”；sb. be said/considered… + to do 表示“某人被说或被认为将要去做某事”；sth. be said/considered… + to be done 表示“某事被说或被认为将要被做”。