2015年北京外国语大学英美文学真题解析,考研真题,考研笔记,考研经验

2015年北京外国语大学英美文学真题解析,考研真题,考研笔记,考研经验
2015年北京外国语大学英美文学真题解析,考研真题,考研笔记,考研经验

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【育明教育】中国考研考博专业课辅导第一品牌官方网站:https://www.360docs.net/doc/8512589511.html, 1

2015年北京外国语大学考研指导

育明教育,创始于2006年,由北京大学、中国人民大学、中央财经大学、北京外国语大学的教授投资创办,并有北京大学、武汉大学、中国人民大学、北京师范大学复旦大学、中央财经大学、等知名高校的博士和硕士加盟,是一个最具权威的全国范围内的考研考博辅导机构。更多详情可联系育明教育孙老师。

(01)英语语言学及应用语言学

1.Yule,G.(2010).The Study of Language (4th ed.).Cambridge:Cambridge University Press.

2.McGregor,W.(2009).Linguistics:An Introduction.London:Continuum.

3.Davies,A.(2007).An Introduction to Applied Linguistics:From Practice to Theory (2nd ed.).Edinburgh:Edinburgh University Press.

4.

McCarthy,M.(2001).Issues in Applied Linguistics.Cambridge:Cambridge University Press.5.陆俭明:《现代汉语语法研究教程》北京大学出版社,2005年。

(02)英美文学

1、M.H.Abrams 编:《诺顿英国文学选集》W.W.Norton ,2002年。

2、Nina Baym 编:《诺顿美国文学选集》W.W.Norton ,2005年。

3、金莉、张剑编:《文学原理教程》,外语教学与研究出版社,2005年。

4、Raman Selden :《当代文学理论导读》外语教学与研究出版社,2004年。

5、赵一凡等编:《西方文论关键词》外语教学与研究出版社,2004年。

(03)美国研究

1、Thomas A.Bailey,David M Kennedy &Lizabeth Cohen.The American Pageant-A History of the Republic,11th edition,Houghton Mifflin Company 1998,北外研招办(或者其它英文版美国历史书,历史阶段截止到里根政府时期)

2、梅仁毅主编:《美国研究读本》,外语教学与研究出版社,2002年。

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(04)英国研究

1、肖慧云主编:《当代英国概况》,上海外语教育出版社出版,2003年。

2、余志远主编:《英语国家概况》,外语教学与研究出版社,1996年。

3、朱永涛王立礼主编:《英语国家社会与文化入门》,第三版,高等教育出版社,2011年。

(05)澳大利亚研究

1、《澳大利亚历史》(1788-1942),北京出版社。

2、《澳大利亚历史》(1942-1988),北京出版社。

3、夏玉和、李又文编:《澳大利亚社会与文化》,外语教学与研究出版社,2008年。

4、朱永涛王立礼主编:《英语国家社会与文化入门》,高等教育出版社,2005年

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【育明教育】中国考研考博专业课辅导第一品牌

官方网站:https://www.360docs.net/doc/8512589511.html, 3

手持一本《中国近现代思想史》,目光随着字面有序移动,渐渐惺忪的眼睛时睁时合,思维的运转已经不觉缓慢下来……这就是雨琪现在的读书状态。

雨琪目前是一名大四的学生,正在努力备战即将面临的硕士研究生考试。从自身来讲,雨琪对于这场考试本是信心十足的。但是,近期却遭遇了一个十分令人头疼的问题,她常常一读书就犯困,读书效率大大降低,大脑中本已基本建立的知识结构缺少了丰富详尽的血肉。在读书过程中遇到的这种障碍直接影响了雨琪备考的精神状态,日益促成一种紧张焦虑的心理。

到底是什么原因使得一个干劲十足的考生捧起书本就睡意袭来呢?这只是一个个案的特殊状况呢,还是有着普遍的心理根源呢?对此,心理研究所的专家郭聪荣和陈琪给我们做了详尽的解析。

睡眠本身和读书活动无关

从心理学的角度分析,这是一种条件反射所形成的不良习惯。睡眠本身是与读书活动无关的人的本能行为,但由于与无关刺激建立了联系,就形成了相应的条件反射。比如一个人在大脑疲劳的情况下,仍然坚持看书学习。而当拿起书时,又抵制不住疲劳的侵袭,便想抛书睡觉,但又觉得不学不看不行从而勉强支撑。

如此多次反复以后,学习与睡觉两种本来并不相关的活动就联系起来了。经过不断地强化,这种联系逐渐地固定下来,以至于以后看书便成了瞌睡的诱发因素,只要拿起书便想睡觉。当然,有些人的瞌睡并不是因疲劳而引起的,可能对书不感兴趣或对学习反感等,从而形成这种抑制性条件反射。所以,要克服这种毛病,就必须消除抑制性条件反射,建立兴奋性条件反射。

这是心理学中对读书犯困现象的定义。从中不难发现,原来这并不是发生在个别考生身上的个人现象,而是有着深层次的心理学意义的。深入地了解它,剖析它,是为了能够更好地克服它。那么,广大考生怎样才能有效地克服读书犯困的障碍呢?

四种办法消除抑制性条件发射

第一,量体裁衣,了解个人生物钟,选择科学而个性化的高效率读书时间。

普遍来讲,有以下几种时间段不适合高效率地读书:

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(一)疲劳困倦时不要看书。人体机能活动具有一定限度,活动超过限度,大脑皮层就会自动进入抑制状态。这就是所谓的保护性抑制。因此,自己感到疲劳困倦时,就不要勉强支撑看书,尤其是不要"开夜车"看书,以避免形成不良习惯。

(二)睡觉前最好不要看书。有些人习惯躺在床上看书,把看书当作催眠,这种习惯最易形成抑制性条件反射。

(三)剧烈活动或情绪过于激动后不应马上看书。因为大脑皮层神经的兴奋和抑制的相互诱导规律告诉我们,大脑皮层出现兴奋之后,随之就会产生抑制。如果剧烈活动或情绪激动之后看书,就很容易与抑制反应建立联系,并产生抑制性条件反射。

(四)饭后不要马上看书。人进食后,消化系统的活动量加大,大脑血液流量相对减少,中枢神经主要控制消化系统,而对其他部位处于抑制状态,如果此时看书,不仅效果差,而且易形成抑制性条件反射。

第二,精心经营,顺应个人喜好,找一些令自己愉悦,有助于提高思维运转能力的"小动作"。

每个人都有自己的兴趣点与兴奋点所在--无论是简单听听音乐,还是独具匠心地布置一个自己喜欢的小环境,往往都能起到提高注意力与激发动力的作用。

如果你喜欢听音乐的话,可以选择一些相对舒缓但又较有活力的音乐。比如巴赫、贝多芬的钢琴曲等,都非常有助于激发思维的活力与触发灵感。因此,尝试着边听音乐边读书,也会收获不错的效果。

如果你喜欢运动的话,不妨在一天的开始、间歇与尾声小小地舒展一下筋骨。比如早起之后晨练一会儿,跑跑步,或者做做操都是不错的选择。在一天之中,如果明显地感觉到疲劳,也可以做些不是很剧烈的活动。除了早晨之外,恐怕晚上也是一个读书犯困的高峰期。所以,在晚间给自己设置一个小小的课间,去外面慢跑两圈,或者散散步,会有效地焕发清醒的思维。

如果你有一点"恋物癖"的话,那就把心爱的它们搬到你的书桌上吧!尤其对于女生,总有一些自己喜欢的"小可爱",每当紧张、忧郁、压抑时,和它们倾诉下,可能会使自己的不良情绪得到舒缓。或者有些同学总喜欢把无论生活还是学习的地方,都布置成自己喜欢的样子,那么不妨为自己的学习装点一个更美的小平台。其实男生也不例外。大概每个人都有自己的座右铭或者一些励志的话语,大家可以将这些词句写在易见的地方,每当读书而瞌睡虫爬来的时候,就起到"不用扬鞭自奋蹄"的效果。

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第三,聚精会神,深入体味,发觉所读书目的"魅力"所在。

一个人在读一本不十分感兴趣的书时,往往容易产生负面情绪,也就容易犯困。从另一个角度讲,也可以说,当这个人没有发掘出这本书的精髓抑或"吸引力"所在时,他可能会厌倦、

疲倦,从而犯困。所以我们需要借得那双慧眼去发现它的独具匠心之处。

但是,考生在备考中所阅读的书目通常都是理论性非常强的,当面对理论性著作时,兴趣的提升就显得略具难度。如果考生迟迟不能调动起兴趣,那么,恐怕需要反思一下了:自己是否真的对这个专业方向感兴趣?如果与当初的预期南辕北辙,那只能说明,你选错了方向,不是么?在这种状况下,还是重新体问内心比较明智。而如果本人十分确定,这个专业就是自己的兴趣所在,目前的倦怠与易犯困状况只是由于短期的挫败感引起的--在读书过程中遇到了瓶颈,有那么一些点难以捕捉在思想的内在含义,那么需要做的就是将其突破。

在此,十分想提醒考生,不要闭门造车,要注意与他人的交流。读书的过程中遇到一些困惑的地方,和别人沟通之后,可能会获得"柳暗花明又一村"的豁然开朗之感;而当产生有益的想法时,去和别人分享,相互补充,如果发现自己掌握了比别人更多的知识,会产生一些优越感,这样,读书的兴趣与信心就可以得到强化。在某些学习的需求得到满足的时候,便不会那么容易引起厌倦心理,从而使读书的过程变得更加有趣味。所以,当读书犯困或者产生不良情绪的时候,朋友之间互相鼓励、互相搀扶是十分有益的。

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第四,张弛有度,科学理性,考虑客观性因素,切勿妄自菲薄。

读书时犯困也可能是由于一些客观的生理条件或者周围环境状况引起的,不要妄自菲薄,把问题都归因于自身,从而造成气馁的心理。

学习要劳逸结合,有张有弛,切勿拉紧精神的弦而不放松。有些考生时间观念十分强烈,恨不能抓住所有醒着的时间,分分秒秒不错过地畅游书海。但是每个人大脑运转都是有一定规律的。我们的注意力集中一段时间之后就会效率降低,这时,如果还硬性地让自己埋头苦读,恐怕只能事倍功半了。对于学生,这可以算是一个常识,所以,请考生勿钻牛角尖。

研究显示,流通的空气与相对开放的空间会更容易调动起大脑的兴奋度。有些考生的学习环境过于封闭,空气欠流通,也会导致思维呆滞从而容易犯困。另外,若是处在春夏换季的当口,我们的身体功能系统还没有完全适应,也会容易犯困的。

除此之外,美国近期的一个研究成果表明:一个人的睡眠有周期性,是浅度睡眠和深度睡眠交替变化的一个个周期。处于浅度睡眠的人大脑皮层还是兴奋的,没有完全休眠,所以你如果在浅度睡眠期间醒过来的话,会有一天的好精神;相反地,如果你在深度睡眠的时候醒过来,即使睡眠时间够了还是会觉得困。所以美国有生产一种闹钟可以测你大脑波动程度,可以在最合适的时间提醒你起床。

如果你觉得犯困的现象可能是这些因素造成的,那就不必太过紧张,顺其自然就可以了。预祝考研成功!!

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2011年7月自考真题英美文学选读

2011年7月自考真题英美文学选读 课程代码:00604 全部题目用英文作答,并将答案写在答题纸相应位置上,否则不计分。 Ⅰ. Multiple Choice (40 points in all, 1 for each) Select from the four choices of each item the one that best answers the question or completes the statement. Write your answer on the answer sheet. 1.With classical culture and the()humanistic ideas coming into England, the English Renaissance began flourishing. A. French B. German C. Italian D. Greek 2.“Come live with me and be my love, / And we will all the pleasures prove / That valleys, groves, hills, and fields, / Woods, or steepy mountain yields.” The above lines are taken from Marlowe’s “The Passionate Shepherd to His Love”, which derives from the()tradition. A. pastoral B. heroic C. romantic D. realistic 3.“Metaphysical conceit”is a strategy characteristic of John Donne’s poetry. It is(). A. a confession that avoids questions of moral accountability B. the linking of images from very different ranges of experience C. self-definition through images based on the four primal elements D. the chaining of images representing solid and gaseous elements 4.“So long as men can breathe, or eyes can see, / So long lives this, and this gives life to thee.”Shakespeare’s Sonnet 18 includes three stanzas according to the content with these last two lines as a(), which completes the sense of the above lines. 第 1 页

北京外国语大学英美文学专业初试复试备考经验及03

北外英美文学专业初试复试备考经验及 03—06真题 准备考研的时间不长,只有三个月,总结起来两大经验吧,细节和节奏。细节是说考研要做个有心人,要勤看别人的经验,即使不是一个方向的。因为虽然准备的内容不同,但过程都是一样的(讲到底也只有专二不同)。学习别人的经验自己才能避免走别人的弯路,犯别人犯过的错误。节奏是说时间的充分利用,时间不在长短而在效率的高低,要根据自己的情况制定合适的复习计划。在这里给大家小小的鼓励一下:永远不要觉得时间不够用,也永远不要觉得这是不可能完成的的任务。当然要基于自身实力和现实的考虑,我相信大家都明白我的意思。等到真正做到了,你就是那个“传说”。 政治:六十多分没什么经验。。。。。。总的感觉是过线不拉分就好因为进入复试政治和二外就不算分了,不要给自己太大的压力,不要浪费过多的时间,节省下来精力好好看专业。 法语:学校用的是很老的橘黄色皮的《法语》,先复习一遍,把忘掉的知识捡回来。然后把历年真题研究一遍,考察的知识点就那么多,有的题基本没变隔年又考一次。从图书馆借来新大学法语1-3,从头到尾梳理知识点整理笔记。因为知道考什么,所以看得有重点。借书的好处之一就是“书非借不能读也”,借来的总要还,有压力就看得快了,而且借的书都少都有点笔记,看看也是很好的。

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英美文学学习笔记-The_Romantic_Period-EL1

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