必修一unit4Earthquake导学案完整版
Unit4 Period 1 Warming up and Reading
班级组名姓名得分
【学习目标】
1. Get the students to know basic knowledge about natural disasters.
2. Get the students to learn about Tangshan Earthquake and understand the text.
3. Get the students to learn different reading skills.
【教学重难点】:
1.Master the new words ,phrases and useful expressions in the text .
2. Train the students’ reading ability to understand the content of the text in detail .
3.Get the students to master the Attributive Clause introduced by that ,which ,who and whose .
I. 重点单词
1.________ vi / n. 爆裂;爆发
2._______ n.事件,大事
3.________ 废墟,毁灭
4. ________ 极度的
5.________ 破坏,毁坏,消灭
6. _______(使)震惊,震动;n.休克,打击
7.________ n/vt. 使陷入困境 n.陷阱,困境
8. ________ n/vt. 援救,营救
9.________n.灾难,灾10. ________ vt. 埋葬,掩埋掩藏11.________ n/vt.损失,损害12. ________n.裁判员,法官vt.断定,判断,13.________vt.损害,伤害,_____ n.伤害,损害 _____adj.受伤的 14. ________n.电,电流,电学_______ adj. 用电的,带电的________adj.与电有关的15________vt,使惊吓,吓唬 _____ adj. 受惊吓的______-adj.令人恐惧的 16. _________n.祝贺,___________vt.祝贺
II. 重点短语
right__________ 立刻burst ___ ____ = burst ____ ____突然大哭_____ _____ end 结束lay _____ _______成为废墟dig _____ 掘出,发现 be _____ ___ / bury _____ ___专心… ___(_____) nu mber of大量的 give _____ 分发,发出(气味,热等)
________ from / by 从…判断 be ____ __ = take _____ __为..感到自豪 ___ honor ___ 为了纪念… tens ___ __________ of 成千上万get _____ __________ 做好充足准备 ________ sth. for sth. 为…做准备begin to __________ 开始复苏 __________ of 取代 think ______ ___ 对…考虑少 think ______ of对…高度评价__________ workers 营救人员be _____ =be missing 丢失 build _____ ___ _____ 为幸存者建造避难所put ___搭建(临时住所等)be pleased ___ __很高兴做…break _____爆发be ________ under sth被困在下面wake ______叫醒某人
【设问导读】Step1.Lead-in
1.Who can remember what happened in Yushu,in Qinghai Province in the year 2010?
A terrible earthquake broke out there on April 14th.More than 2,200 people were killed.
2.Do you know any other natural disasters?
tornadoes;typhoons/hurricanes;volcano eruption;drought;floods;etc.
3.Do you know why an earthquake happens?
The plates are moving constantly.Sometimes these two plates stop and do not move for
years.Then suddenly,they jump and an earthquake happens.As a result of the movement
of these plates,west America near the sea has always been a bad place for earthquakes.
4.What do you think may happen before an earthquake?
Mice ran out of the fields looking for places to hide.Fish jumped out of bowls and ponds.The
chickens and even pigs were too nervous to eat.The dog barked loudly again and again.People
could see bright lights in the sky.
【自学检测】
Step2. Pre-reading----Talk about the title “A Night the Earth Didn’t Sleep”Step3. Fast reading
I. 用一句话概括 What does the passage mainly talk about?
The passage mainly talks about a terrible________(回答what?) that happened in ________( where?) in _______( when? ) and caused great damage to people. (What result?)
2. The earthquake began at ________.
A. 3:00 am, June 28, 1976
B. 3:00 am, July 28, 1976
C. 3:42 am, July 28, 1976
3. _________ people were killed or injured in the quake.
A. Less than 400,000
B. More than 400,000
C. More than 150,000
4. Match the sentences. Divide the passage into three parts and find out the main
idea of each part.
Part 1 (Para.1 ) What happened during the quake and the damage
caused by the quake.
Part 2 ( ) The rescue work after the earthquake
Part 3 ( ) Signs before the earthquake.
5.Number each of these things that happened dthe Tangshan earthquakeuring.
____Brick buildings were destroyed. -
___ The walls of the village wells had cracks in them.
___ Shelters were put up for those with no homes.
___ Roads got huge cracks.
___ The army helped the survivors.
【拓展延伸】Step5. Deal with long difficult sentences(与同桌讨论、理解下列长难句并尝试翻译成汉语。)1.原句:“Mice ran out of the fields looking for places to hide.”
句子结构分析:这是一个复杂的简单句。现在分词短语looking for places to hide在句中表______,作_________状语。
翻译:_____________________________________________________.
2. 原句:“But the one million people of the city, who thought little of these events, were asleep as usual that night.”
分析:这是一个_______(简单句/ 并列句/主从复合句),该主句的主语为____________, 谓语为_______, asleep在句中作_______, 中间跟一个由who引导的________从句:“who thought little of these events”, who 在从句中充当______, 修饰的先行词为___________ .
翻译:_________________________________________________________.
3. 原句:“A huge crack that was eight kilometers long and thirty metres wide cut across houses, roads and canals.”
分析:这是一个_______(简单句/ 并列句/主从复合句),该主句的主语为_________,谓语为___________, cut across在这里意为: “__________”, 中间跟一个由that引导的________从句:“that was eight kilometers long and thirty metres wide”, that 在从句中充当______, 修饰的先行词为___________ .
翻译:_____________________________________________________.
4.原句:“The army organized teams to dig out those who were trapped and to bury the dead.” (Page 26, Para 4)
译:______________________________________________________________。
从结构上看,这是一个___________句(简单句/并列句/复合句)。______________________________是定语从句,修饰先行词those;“and”起连接作用,连接____________和___________。
5.原句:“Workers built shelters for survivors whose homes had been destroyed.分析:这是一个_______(简单句/ 并列句/主从复合句),该主句的主语为_________,谓语为___________, 句尾由一个whose引导的________从句:“whose homes had been destroyed”, 其中whose在从句中充当_______, survivors跟homes存在一种_______关系;从句修饰的先行词为__________ 。
翻译:_________________________________________________________.
【巩固练习】Quiz I: Retell the text by filling the following blanks.
_______ things happened in Tangshan. For a few days, water in the wells ____ and fell. The wells had ______ and a ______ gas came out of them. Mice, chickens and even pigs became too _______ to live as usual. At 3:42 am, everything began to _____. It seemed that the world was __ __ ____._____of he nation_____a _____ crack cut across the city. The city lay in _____. Two-thirds of the people _____ or were _______. Then later that afternoon, another big quake ______ Tangshan, which _______ many ______ workers and doctors. People began to wonder how long the ________ would ____. But all hope was not _____. ________ came to help those _________. Slowly, the city began to _______ again.
Section Two Language points
学习目标:
1. Enable the students to grasp the usages of such important new words and expressions as injure, destroy, burst, rescue, as if, etc.
2. Get the students to master the usages of the patterns: “It seemed that the world was at an end” and “All hope was not lost”. etc.
Step1. 课文知识点重现
根据中文提示完成下列句子。(方法指导:熟读课文,独立完成练习,然后校正答案。)1.In the farmyards, the chickens and even the pigs were______________________________ (紧张的不想吃食).
2.In the city, the water pipes in some buildings ______________________ (爆裂开来).
3.But one million people of the city, who __________________________ (几乎都没有把这些情况当回事), were asleep ________________(照常) that night.
4.It seemed ____________ the world was ________________(世界似乎到了末日).
5. In fifteen terrible seconds a large city ___________________ (沉沦在一片废墟之中).
6.The ___________ of the people __________________ (人们遭受的灾难极为深重).
7._________(无论朝哪里) they looked nearly everything was destroyed.
8. People were __________(惊呆了) to see two-thirds of them die or __________(受伤) and(成千上万)_______________families were killed during the earthquake. 9.Some of the ________________ (救援人员) and doctors ________________ (被困) under the ruins. 10. Water, food, and electricity were ________________________ .(很难弄到)
11. The army organized teams _______________ (挖掘) those who were trapped and _________________________ (掩埋死者).
12. Workers _______________ (盖起避难所) for survivors __________________(家园被毁).
Step2. 重点句型突破
1.It seemed as if the world was at an end!
句子结构分析:It seemed as if是固定句型结构,意为“____________”。as if意为__________; at an end意为_______________.
说明: 也可说It seems that...替代It seems as if, 其中as if 可用as though替代, 常用在动词look,seem,feel等之后引导_______从句。如果从句表示的情况接近事实,从句用______语气;反之,如果从句表示的情况与事实相反,或者是不可能发生,从句用_______语气
仿写:
⑴好像有人在叫你。
_______________________________.
⑵看来他似乎很笨, 但事实上比我们更聪明。
______________________________,but in fact he is cleverer than every one of us.⑶他说起罗马(Rome)来好像他以前去过罗马似的。
He talks about Rome __________________________________________ .
2. All hope was not lost.
句子结构分析: all 与not 连用表示_______否定。
句型: all... not=not all... 并非都……
说明: all, both, each, always, every及every的合成词与not 连用时表______否定。仿写
⑴不是所有的学生都通过了考试。
_____________________ passed the exam.
⑵并不是每个人都像你那么自私。
________________________ as selfish as you.
II. 重点动词突破
1. injure
★观察例句:
1) I was seriously injured in the plane crash.我在那次飞机坠毁事故中严重受伤。 2)John fell off the tree and injured his back.约翰从树上摔下来把背部摔伤了。★自我探究:
injure,词性为___________,意为“_________________”。
★归纳拓展:
injure→n.___________伤害,损伤→adj.___________受伤的
the injured意为__________________(表示一类人)
☆运用用injure的正确形式填空。
1) He ____________ his left hand in the fire..
2)Liu Xiang dropped out of the race due to his foot ____________.
3)___________were taken to hospital right away after the accident.
☆易混辨析 injure, hurt, harm和wound
1) The driver was slightly___________in the accident.
2)Actually she felt quite _________ at your rude words.
3) The typhoon has done great __________ to the crops in Xuwen.
4) The soldiers got ____________ in the war.
5) The circulation of rumor(谣言)________ his business and health.
2. burst
读下面的句子,猜测burst的词性及词义
1) It’s a game in which children try to burst balloons by sitting on them. _________________
2) That balloon will burst if you blow it up any more._______________________________
3) The words burst from her in an angry rush. _______________
4) She burst into laughter(out laughing) to hear the news. ______________________
5) He burst into the room without knocking. ____________________
☆要点归纳: burst 后可接一些介词或副词,构成的常用搭配有burst into 意为:(1) ____________;(2)______________; burst out doing意为:__________________.
☆运用用burst的正确形式及其短语填空。
1) When he was driving, the tire _____________.
2)The baby-girl________ tears when she was watching Lion King.
3) Mr. Bean ___________ laughing while walking on the street.
3. rescue n.&vt. 援救,营救
1). The police came to his rescue and pulled him out of the river.
警察来救他,把他从河里拉了出来。
2). The rescue team made countless rescues during the earthquake.
营救队在这次地震期间进行了无数次救援。
3). Michael rescued a boy from drowning. 迈克把溺水的男孩救了起来。
☆自主探究→说出下列短语或固定搭配的意思
1)rescue sb./ sth. from sb./ sp. ≈save sb. from
2)come to/ go to sb’s rescue = rescue sb.
3)a rescue team 4)a rescue mission 5)rescue workers
☆运用
⑴ He jumped into the icy water to rescue the child ______ drowning. (填介词)
⑵ The child who fell into the river would have died if the young man __________ ___________________________________________(没有来营救他).
用rescue的适当形式填空
⑶ The mother, along with her two children, _______from the sinking boat by a passing ship.
⑷. The firemen ________ five children from the burning house yesterday.
4. ruin
1)He wanted to become a doctor but his mother’s death was the ruin of his hope.他想当医生,但他母亲的死使他的希望破灭了。
2)She poured water over my painting and ruined it.
她把水浇在我的画上,将画毁掉了。
3)The castle is now in ruins.
城堡现在已成废墟。
小结:ruin动词或名词,意为“__________”,其复数形式ruins意为“_________”,in ruins
意为“_________________”。其常用的固定搭配为:
fall into ruin 成为废墟 be/lie in ruins 成了(呈)一片废墟
bring sb. to ruin毁灭某人come/go to ruin毁灭 be the ruin of- -成为- - -毁灭的原因
☆运用用ruin的正确形式填空:1)The big flood not only ______ the crops, but also left the whole town in _______.
2) People built shelters among the ____ (ruin) of the city.
3) After the war many buildings__________(成为废墟).
☆词语辨析 .用ruin, damage与destroy填空
(1)The car ________ in the accident was under repair.
(2) Finally the fire ________ several houses and made some people homeless.
(3) This unpleasant man with his endless complaints ________ my journey.
Section Three Using languages
预习导学
本单元重点词汇句型归纳总结
1. Imagine your home begins to shake and you must leave it right away.
○1 imagine vt. form a picture of in the mind;think of (sth.) as probable:想象;
I didn’t imagine (my) _______________(成为一名教师) in my childhood.
Can you imagine _______________(多么)I was surprised to hear the news?
I don’t imagine so. = I imagine ____________.我认为不是这样。
○2 shake: move, be moved, quickly or violently up and down, forwards and backwards: 最普通用词,可指人或物“摇动,发抖”。指人时常用于感情激动、寒冷、惧怕引起的身
They were badly shaken ____________.他们对这个消息大为震惊。
The host ____________ all the guests. 主人跟所有的客人握手。
2. rise vi. & raise vt
rise (rise -rose- risen) vi. ( of the sun, moon, stars, river, price, temperature, etc.) appear above the horizon:指自然“上升”,常用于日、月、云、霞、烟、水蒸气、物价、温度、河水、潮水及人的职位等
raise (raise -raised-raised) vt. 1. lift up; move from a low(er) to a high(er) level; cause to rise: 外部的力量,“举起、提高”: 2.grow or produce (crops); breed (sheep, etc.); bring up a family: 饲养、种植”、养育、抚育:
The people’s living standard has greatly __________.
He has __________ in rank.
Her temperature is still _______. They can _______ rice here.
He _______ from his chair and began his speech. 3. It seemed as if the world was at an end!
①as if = as though 似乎,好像; 在表语从句中相当于that: She spoke to me as if she knew me. 她和我说话的神情,______________
It seemed as if the world was at an end!= It seemed _____the world was at an end!
) . It seems that they will arrive in the city before dark
. = They ________ _________ _________ the city before dark.
○
3 He will be a scientist __________. At last the meeting _________. How many English words had you learned ____________ last term?
4 .In fifteen terrible seconds a large city lay in ruins. ①lie (lay, lain): to be, remain or be kept in a certain state
The
village
___in
ruins
after the
war.
These machines have ____idle (闲置的)since the factory closed. ②in ruins : severely damaged or destroyed Compare: ruin ; destroy ; damage
Everywhere they looked nearly everything was_________. Soft wood ________easily.
5. Two-thirds of the people died or were injured during the earthquake. _________ (五分之三) of the soil __________ (wash) away by the flood last night. ______ (大部分的) of the lecture he made yesterday ______ (be) interesting. _________________ (百分之九十) of the mountain __________ (cover) by trees. ②Compare: injure ; hurt; wound ,harm
Their criticisms (批评)_________him deeply. Smoking will ________his health.
He was slightly ________in the car accident. He got _________in the fighting.
What you said _____my feeling.
6. All hope was not lost= Not all hope was lost.
all...not = not all...意为“______.”,是部分否定。当all, both 及every 的合成词与not 连用时,表示部分否定;完全否定要用no, never, nowhere, none, neither, nothing , nobody 等。
__________________(不是所有的蚂蚁都出去)out for food. Some work in the tunnels as guards and workers.
I agree with most of what you said, but I don’t agree with ______. (NMET 1997) A. everything B. anything C. something D. nothing
7. The army organized teams to dig out those who were trapped and to bury the dead. ○1 Some journalists are working hard to _______the secret of that history incident.
They____________ telling the reason why she stole the gift.他们设了套,让她说出她偷礼物的原因3. bury v.埋葬,掩藏
The dog____________________. 这只狗把骨头埋在地里
I ___________________my studies.我专心于学习。 She ____________ thought. 她陷入
沉思。
8. The number of people who were killed or injured reached more than 400,000. It was a frightening night because a great number of things happened at the same The number of people invited _____ fifty, but a number of them ______ absent for different reasons. 实战演练
I 分词做伴随状语练习:完成句子
1. He dug out a box of money _____________________ (觉得非常激动)
2. My mother was in the kitchen _____________________ (正在做饭)
3. He lay on the grass _________________________ (看着天空) II. 部分否定练习:翻译成汉语
1. All that glitters(闪光) is not gold.
2. Not everyone agrees with me.
3. Not all people are interested in fame and money.
4. Both of them didn't attend the meeting.
5. Not many people like music. III . seem 用法练习
1. Our English teacher seems ______________ 我们的英语老师看来是个和善的人
2. He seems ______________ (=______________ he knows everything.)他似乎什么都知道.
3. It seems __________ since we last met. 我们好像有多年没见了.
4. __________ I have seen her before. =__________ to have seen her before. 好像我以前见过她
IV . As if 句型练习:
1. 他做起事来好象是个电视专家。He acts as if he _________ (be ) a TV expert.
2. 你看上去似乎并不在乎。You look as if you __________ (not care).
3. 那棵树看上去好象很久没人给浇水了
The tree looked as if it __________ (water) for a long time.
4. 他说起罗马来好像他以前去过罗马似的。
He talks about Rome as if _________(be) there before.
5. 他张开嘴似乎要说什么。He opened his mouth as if he __________ (say) something.
6. 看来似乎要下雪了。It looks as if it __________ (may snow) V. 介词to, in, on 表示方位 1. China faces the Pacific__________ the east. 2.
the east of China.
China lies __________ the east of Asia. Section Four Grammar
预习导学
引导定语从句的关系词有关系代词who, whom, whose, which 和that 等;关系副词有when, where, why 等。关系词不仅起连接作用,而且还代表先行词并在定语从句中担任某一句子成分,关系代词作主语、宾语、定语、表语等,关系副词作状语。 定语从句的结构: 先行词__ +_______ +________
先行词是人或物, 在句中充当_____, _____,____,_____等成分用关系代词
I.先行词是人,在从句中作主语和宾语用关系代词_______, _______,_______。 who, whom ,that 的区别:
1 介词后只能用_______ ,不能用_______ _______。
2 先行词为代词,或逗号后不用_______。
3 主句是特殊疑问句,已经有who ,则从句引导词用_______。
II.先行词是事或物, 在从句中作主语、宾语,用关系代词_______, _______。 that, which,的区别:
1. 只用which: ______后, _______后。
2. 只用that : ○1先行词是或被指物的不定代词修饰,常用的不定代词有:______, ______, ______, _____, _____, _____, _____, _____ ______, ______,______, ______, ______等 ○2先行词特指,为the +_____(包括last, next)/ _______/ ______/ _____等修饰时 ○3先行词有____又有_____ ○4先行词在从句中作____语 ○5主句是___或___开头的特殊疑问句。
3. 不用that 引导 ○1在__________定语从句中, ○2直接在_____后作宾语时,不能用that 引导,要用whom, whose 或which ,且不能省略。但当介词放在从句的末尾时,可以用______替代which, ______替代whom ,也可以省略关系代词。 ○3当先行词是指人的all, any, few, one(s), anyone, everyone, people 等时,多用______。 ○4当先行词与关系代词之间有较复杂的短语或从句隔开时
○5定语从句中,those who相当于意为“凡……的人”,表示的是两者以上的不定数量,who引导的定语从句用复数,不能用that代替。(注意:anybody who, he who中谓语动词用单数。
III. 先行词是事或物, 在从句中只用作定语,表示“…的”, 后加名词, 用关系代词_______。
指物 = the +名词 +_______, 指人= the +名词+_______。
IV. 关系代词whom, which前介词的选择看主句中的习惯搭配或从句中动词的搭配而决定,但从句中含有介词的短语动词一般_____(拆开,不拆开),介词仍放在动词的后面。
V. 定语从句常犯的问题
○1引导词用错. 如:The book which cover is green was lost yesterday.(应改为______) ○2语序用错. 如:Is there anything else that can I do for you? (应改为______)
○3无先行词如:Is this museum _____ you visited last Saturday? (应该填________ ) Is this the museum ______ we visited last Saturday? (应该填________ )
○4关系代词在从句中作主语时,从句谓语动词的人称和数没有和____保持一致,如:Tom is the only one of the boys who _____(like) playing football. (应该填________ )
○5引导词代替的成分在从句中又出现。如:
Do you know the boy whom / who / that I talked with him just now? (应改为______)实战演练
定语从句练习
I. 用所给的关系代词which, that, who, whom, whose.完成以下从句:
The force __________ causes everything to fall towards the ground is called gravity.
A friend __________ helps you in time of need is a friend indeed.
He saw a house __________ windows were all broken.
Everything __________ can be done today mustn’t be done tomorrow.
This is the best hotel __________ I know.
The boy with ______ John spoke is my brother..
He paid the boy $10 for washing ten windows,most of ____________ hadn’t been cleaned for at least a year.
He talked a lot about the teachers and the schools __________ he had visited. The ninth lesson __________ we are learning is the most difficult in Book One. Will you please lend me the very book ______ you bought yesterday?
II. 把下列句子改写成定语从句。(提示:主从句的选择:主句多为:1表状态,2 表结果3 时间较后;从句多为:1 表动作 2 表原因 3时间靠前)
1. I have a friend. He likes listening to classical music.
_____________________________________________
2. Yesterday Emily was wearing the new dress. I gave it to her.
_____________________________________________
3. The student’s article was published. I know the student.
_____________________________________________ 4. Betty is studying English very well. She has never been abroad. _____________________________________________
5. My grandparents live in a house. It is more than 100 years old. _____________________________________________
生物必修一第一章第一节详细教案
同学们好,今天将由我来带领同学们走进高中的生物学习之旅。 现在,请同学们对生物这个词给出一个最简单的定义。(Put up your hands) 其实,简单地说,生物也就是有生命的个体。 要了解一个个体,首先要从细胞开始。今天我们来学习必修一的第一章走进细胞 第一节从生物圈到细胞 同学们请看,在教材第二页的左上角有一幅图,是SARS患者肺部X光片阴影图,和SARS病毒模式图。给同学们两分钟的时间看一下这个问题探讨,仔细思考讨论题,待会儿会请两位同学来回答一下。 第一问,病毒不具有细胞结构,是怎样生活和繁殖的?(请坐。病毒尽管不具有细胞结构,但它可以寄生在活细胞中,利用活细胞中的物质生活和繁殖。 第二问,谁来说说?。。。 SARS病毒侵害了人体的上呼吸道细胞,肺部细胞,由于肺部细胞受损,导致了患者呼吸困难,患者因呼吸功能衰竭而死亡。此外,SARS病毒还侵害人体其他部位的细胞。 由此可见,生命活动离不开细胞。即使是像病毒那样没有细胞结构的生物,也只有依赖活细胞才能生活。因为,细胞是生物体的结构和功能的基本单位。尽管现在生物科学的研究已经进入分子水平,并且对生物大分子(如核酸、蛋白质等)的研究已经相当深入,但是这些大分子并没有生命。生命和细胞是难解难分的。 接下来我们一起来看一下四个关于生命活动与细胞的关系的实例分析 这是草履虫的运动和分裂 人的生殖和发育 缩手反射的结构基础 艾滋病病毒入侵免疫系统。 看完这几幅图后,请同学们认真思考第四页上面的无道题,可以相互讨论一下,三分钟后请同学来回答 第一题,请一位同学来回答一下。 草履虫除了运动和分裂外,还能完成哪些生命活动? 它得先摄能才能运动吧,它还能呼吸和生长,还有应激性。 好,第二题,某某 在你和你爸妈之间,什么细胞充当了遗传物质的“桥梁”?, 精子和卵细胞通过受精作用形成受精卵,然后它在子宫中发育成胚胎,再进一步发育成胎儿,那么胚胎发育跟细胞的生命活动有什么关系, 细胞分裂和分化 第三题,需要哪些细胞的参与?由传入神经末梢形成的感受器,传入神经元、中间神经元、传出神经元、效应器。还有相关的骨骼肌细胞。请坐 第二问,你每天学习的时候需要哪些细胞 太多了,它涉及人体的多种细胞,但主要是神经细胞的参与 艾滋病是由人类免疫缺陷病毒破坏淋巴细胞引起的,同学们还知道哪些类似这样的特定细胞受损而致病的。。。。 例如脊髓中的运动神经元受损容易导致相应的肢体瘫痪,大脑皮层上的听觉神经元受损的话会导致听觉发生障碍。 第五题
七年级上第一章第一节科学导学案+十个科学家的小故事
七年级上册科学导学案 第一章科学入门 第1节科学并不神秘 【学习目标】 1、知道科学是一门研究各种自然现象的学问,知道通过探究和实验可以了解自然现象并对一些现象作出比较合理的解释。 2、理解科学是一个充满想象力的创造过程,科学是不断发展的。 3、了解科学技术对社会进步的影响,知道科学技术的发展必须保护环境、协调人与自然的关系。 4、培养和形成发现问题和提出问题的意识,激发学生对科学的向往,增强学生的环保意识,学会全面看问题。 【重点难点】 1、通过“观察”各种自然现象,让学生对科学产生一定的兴趣。这节的关键是让学生意识到“观察”在生活中学习科学的重要性,及如何通过观察去得出实验答案。 2、从自然现象到最新科技在生活中的应用,让学生感受到科学就在身边,并且在生活中占据了越来越重要的地位。这里就要引用大量的例子来说明了。【课前准备】 1、科学要研究各种,并寻找它们产生、发展的和。每一个小小的都有可能引发科学的发现。牛顿好奇于苹果落地而发现了;瓦特好奇于水沸腾后顶起壶盖而改进了。 2、鱼在水中的沉浮除了与的活动有关外,还与的大小有关。 3、科学技术在推进人类文明进步的同时,也会给人类带来。 【学习过程】 一、1、观察活动一(奇妙的现象): (1)观察PPT上图片,描述观察到的自然现象。 图1 ; 图2 ; 图3 ; 图4 。 (2)讨论这些图中的自然现象,谈谈你的想法与感受。 (3)请你说说你最感兴趣的奇妙现象,跟大家分享。 2、观察活动二(不断变化的自然界): (1)自然界的事物都在不断地变化着,请认真观察PPT上图片,它们各出现了哪些变化? 图1 ;图2 ; 图3 ;图4 ; 图5 ;图6 ;(2)你能举出一些发生在你周围的奇妙的变化吗?
新课标高中数学必修1全册导学案及答案
§1.1.1集合的含义及其表示 [自学目标] 1.认识并理解集合的含义,知道常用数集及其记法; 2.了解属于关系和集合相等的意义,初步了解有限集、无限集、空集的意义; 3.初步掌握集合的两种表示方法—列举法和描述法,并能正确地表示一些简单的集合. [知识要点] 1. 集合和元素 (1)如果a 是集合A 的元素,就说a 属于集合A,记作a A ∈; (2)如果a 不是集合A 的元素,就说a 不属于集合A,记作a A ?. 2.集合中元素的特性:确定性;无序性;互异性. 3.集合的表示方法:列举法;描述法;Venn 图. 4.集合的分类:有限集;无限集;空集. 5.常用数集及其记法:自然数集记作N ,正整数集记作* N 或N +,整数集记作Z ,有理数集记作Q ,实数集记作R . [预习自测] 例1.下列的研究对象能否构成一个集合?如果能,采用适当的方式表示它. (1)小于5的自然数; (2)某班所有高个子的同学; (3)不等式217x +>的整数解; (4)所有大于0的负数; (5)平面直角坐标系内,第一、三象限的平分线上的所有点. 分析:判断某些对象能否构成集合,主要是根据集合的含义,检查是否满足集合元素的确定性. 例2.已知集合{},,M a b c =中的三个元素可构成某一个三角形的三边的长,那么此三角形 一定是 ( ) A.直角三角形 B.锐角三角形 C.钝角三角形 D.等腰三角形 例3.设()()() {} 2 2 ,,2,,5,a N b N a b A x y x a y a b ∈∈+== -+-=若()3,2A ∈,求,a b 的值. 分析: 某元素属于集合A,必具有集合A 中元素的性质p ,反过来,只要元素具有集合A 中元素的性质p ,就一定属于集合A. 例4.已知{}2,,M a b =,{} 22,2,N a b =,且M N =,求实数,a b 的值. [课内练习] 1.下列说法正确的是( ) (A )所有著名的作家可以形成一个集合 (B )0与 {}0的意义相同 (C )集合? ?????∈= =+N n n x x A ,1 是有限集 (D )方程0122=++x x 的解集只有一个元素 2.下列四个集合中,是空集的是 ( ) A .}33|{=+x x B },,|),{(2 2R y x x y y x ∈-= C .}0|{2 ≤x x D .}01|{2 =+-x x x 3.方程组2 0{ =+=-y x y x 的解构成的集合是 ( ) A .)}1,1{( B .}1,1{ C .(1,1) D .}1{. 4.已知}1,0,1,2{--=A ,}|{A x x y y B ∈==,则B = 5.若}4,3,2,2{-=A ,},|{2 A t t x x B ∈==,用列举法表示B= . [归纳反思] 1.列举法:把集合中的元素一一列举出来,写在花括号“{ }”内表示集合的方法.当集合中的元素 较少 时,用列举法表示方便. .例:x 2 -3x +2=0的解集可表示为{1,2}. 有些集合元素的个数较多,元素又呈现出一定的规律,在不至于发生误解的情况下,亦可用列举法表示,如何用列举法表示从1到100的所有整数组成的集合及自然数集N. 答 分别表示为{1,2,3,…,100},{1,2,3,4,…,n ,…}. 小结 用列举法表示集合时,应把集合中的元素一一列举出来,并且写在大括号内,元素和元素之间要用“,”隔开.花括号“{ }”表示“所有”、“整体”的含义,如实数集R 可以写为{实数},但如果写成{实数集}、{全体实数}、{R}都是不确切的. 1 用列举法表示下列集合: (1)小于10的所有自然数组成的集合;
2020年新人教版高中英语必修一导学案全套
2020年新人教版高中英语必修一导学案全套 Welcome Unit Listening and Speaking & Reading and Thinking 导学案 【学习目标】 1.学会本节单词、短语。 2.掌握本节句型表达与运用。 【学习重难点】 掌握本节句型表达与运用。 【学习过程】 一、词汇学习 1. get to know 逐渐了解 2. exchange n.交换;交流vt.交换;交流;交易;兑换 3. lecture n.讲座;讲课;教训vi.(开)讲座;交易;兑换 4. registration n. 讲座;注册;挂号 5. sex n.性别 6. nationality n. 国籍;民族 7. anxious adj. 焦虑的;不安的 8. annoyed adj.恼怒的;生气的 9. frightened adj.惊吓的,害怕的 10. senior adj.级别(或地位)高的n.较年长的人 11. outgoing adj.爱交际的;外向的 12. impression n.印象;感想 13. awkward adj. 令人尴尬的;难对付的 14. junior adj.地位(或职位、级别)低下的n.职位较低者;(体育运动中)青少年 15. explore vt.&vi. 探索,勘探 16. confident adj.自信的;有把握的
17. designer n. 设计师;构思者 二、知识运用 1. exchange 词性:________ 意思:__________ 词性:________ 意思:__________ 短语搭配: in exchange (for......)作为(与.......的)交换 exchange A for B 以A交换B;把A兑换成B exchange sth. with sb. 与某人交流/交换某物 exchange opinion/ideas/views 交流意见/想法/看法 练习:The School of Life has a large number of professional staff who are willing to meet up with you for an hour of chat in exchange ______ a small fee. 2. designer (1)词性:_________ 意思:________ (2)词性:_________ 意思:________ 短语搭配:make designs for.....为......做设计 by design(=on purpose)故意地 design sth. for.......为......设计某物 be designer to do.......旨在做.......,用于做........ 练习:Lucy was born on January 30th, 1998, when her sister got married to a fashion_____(design). 3. anxious 词性:__________ 意思:________ 短语搭配:be anxious for sb./about sth. 为某人/某事担心/担忧 be anxious for......渴望........ be anxious (for sth.) to do sth. 渴望(某人)做某事 be anxious that.......渴望(从句谓语用“should + 动词原形”,should 可以省略) 练习:She lost her job last month. Therefore, she is anxious_______ (find) a new job.
高一物理必修一第一章第一节教案
1.1 质点参照系和坐标系 一、教学目标 ①知识与技能: 1.认识建立质点模型的意义和方法能根据具体情况将物体简化为质点,知道它是一种科学的抽象,知道科学抽象是一种普遍的研究方法。 2.理解参考系的选取在物理中的作用,会根据实际情况选定参考系。 3.通过实例理解参考系,知道参考系的概念及运动的关系,会用坐标系描述物体的位置。 ②过程与方法: 1.体会物理模型在探索自然规律中的作用,初步掌握科学抽象理想化模型的方法。 2.通过参考系的学习,知道从不同角度研究问题的方法。 ③情感态度与价值观: 1.认识运动是宇宙中的普遍现象,运动和静止的相对性,培养学生热爱自然、勇于探索的精神。 2.渗透抓住主要因素,忽略次要因素的哲学思想。 二、教学重难点 教学重点: 1.理解质点的概念 2.从参考系中明确地抽象出了坐标系的概念 教学难点:理解质点的概念。 【思考】 1)在日常生活中,同学们是怎样去确定物体是在运动的呢? 2)看下面的图片,我们应该如何判断静止或者运动呢?
现在,我们坐在座位上是静止的还是运动的呢?让我们带着问题进入今天的学习。 一、机械运动 在我们物理世界里是这样确定定物体是否在运动的“一个物体对另一个物体相对位置变化运动称之为机械运动”。(定义) 思考:我们把地球当成静止的所以我们静止的,可是地球每时每刻都是在自转的,我们地球上的每一个物体都是跟着地球转动,这时候同学们还认为自己没动吗?那么我们到底动没 动啊?
为了解决之前的问题,我们引入了一个概念——那就是参考系。 二、参考系 定义:研究物体运动时所选定的参照物体或彼此不作相对运动的物体系。 特点:①假设是静止不动的(被认为是不动的,而且作为静止的标准)。 ②任意选取,但应以便于研究运动为原则。 参考系与运动: ①同一个物体,如果以不同的物体为参考系,观察结果可能不同. ②一般情况下如无说明,则以地面或相对地面静止的物体为参考系 解释思考的问题:在我们研究物体运动时,我们首先要引入一个参照物,这个物体被认为是静止不动的,有了这个参照物我们就可以去判断其他物体是否运动了。如果这个物体相对参考物的位置发生变化,我们就认为这个物体是运动的,同理这个物体如果相对参考系位置没有发生变化,那么我们就认为这个物体是静止的。 考点提醒:参考系是一个非常重要的考点其出题方向有两个,一个是我们对参考系的理
《化学必修二第一章第一节元素周期表》导学案(最新整理)
《化学必修二第一章第一节元素周期表》导学案 主备人:廖荣滔审核人:温秀花 第1 课时元素周期表 【学习目标】 1、了解元素周期表的结构以及周期、族等概念。 2、了解周期、主族序数和原子结构的关系。 3、周期、主族序数和原子结构的关系;元素周期表的结构 【课前导学】 阅读课本P4-5 的内容完成以下填空: 一、原子序数 1.定义:按照元素在周期表中的给元素编号,得到原子序数。 2.原子序数与元素的原子结构之间存在着如下关系: 原子序数=== 【课堂互动导学】 (一)元素周期表的结构 1、周期:元素周期表共有个横行,每一横行称为一个,故元素周期表共有个周期 ①周期序数与电子层数的关系: ②周期的分类 元素周期表中,我们把1、2、3 周期称为,周期称为长周期, 第周期称为不完全周期,因为一直有未知元素在发现。 课堂练习 1 请大家根据元素周期表,完成下表内容。
思考与交流:如果不完全周期排满后,应为几种元素? 2、族:元素周期表共有个纵行,除了三个纵行称为Ⅷ外,其余的每一个纵行称为一个,故元素周期表共有个族。族的序号一般用罗马数字表示。 ①族的分类 元素周期表中,我们把个纵行共分为个族,其中个主族, 个副族,一个族,一个族。 a、主族:由元素和元素共同构成的族, 用A 表示:ⅠA、ⅡA、ⅢA、ⅣA、ⅤA、ⅥA、ⅦA b、副族:完全由元素构成的族,用B 表示:ⅠB、ⅡB、ⅢB、ⅣB、ⅤB、ⅥB、ⅦB c、第Ⅷ族:三个纵行 d、零族:第纵行,即稀有气体元素 ②主族序数与最外层电子数的关系: ③族的别称 ⅠA 称为元素ⅡA 称为元素ⅣA 称为元素 ⅤA 称为元素 ⅥA 称为元素ⅦA 称为元素 零族称为元素 归纳小结:元素周期表编排原则: 1、。 2、。 3、。 课堂练习2:请描述出Na、C、Al、S 在周期表中的位置。 课堂练习3:某元素位于第二周期,第ⅦA 族它是元素。P 相邻的同族元素的原子序数是 【课堂效果反馈】 1.19 世纪中叶,俄国化学家门捷列夫的突出贡献是( ) A.提出原子学说B.制出第一张元素周期表