名词性从句解析及常用例句

名词性从句解析及常用例句
名词性从句解析及常用例句

名词性从句Noun Clauses

在句子中起名词作用的句子叫名词性从句(Noun Clauses)。名词性从句的功能相当于名词词组, 它在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语、介词宾语等,因此根据它在句中不同的语法功能,名词性从句又可分别称为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。

一、主语从句

作句子主语的从句叫主语从句。主语从句通常由下列词引导:

1)从属连词that,whether 等;

2)连接代词what,who,which,whatever,whoever,whom 等;

3) 连接副词how,when,where,why 等。

that在句中无词义,只起连接作用;连接代词和连接副词在句中既保留自己的疑问含义、又起连接作用,在从句中充当从句的成分。注:whom、who指人,what指物,whatever,whoever 表示泛指意义。例如:

That I am beautiful is known to everyone. 众所周知,我是个万人迷。

What he wants to tell us is not clear. 他要跟我们说什么,还不清楚。

Who will win the match is still unknown. 谁能赢得这场比赛还不得而知。

It is known to us how he became a writer. 我们都知道他是如何成为一名作家的。

Where the English evening will be held has not yet been announced. 英语晚会将在哪里举行,还没有宣布。

有时为避免句子头重脚轻,常用形式主语it代替主语从句作形式主语放于句首,而把主语从句置于句末。主语从句后的谓语动词一般用单数形式。常用句型如下:

(1)It + be + 名词+ that从句

(2)It + be + 形容词+ that从句

(3)It + be + 动词的过去分词+ that从句

二、宾语从句

名词性从句用作宾语的从句叫宾语从句。引导宾语从句的关联词与引导主语从句表语从句的关联词大致一样,在句中可以作谓语动词或介词及非谓语动词的宾语。

1. 由连接词that引导的宾语从句

由连接词that引导宾语从句时,that在句中不担任任何成分,在口语或非正式的文体中常被省去,但如从句是并列句时,第二个分句前的that不可省。例如:

He has told me that he will go to Shanghai tomorrow. 他已经告诉我他明天要去上海。

We must never think (that) we are good at everything while others are good at nothing. 我们决不能认为自己什么都好,别人什么都不好。

注意:在demand、order、suggest、decide、insist, desire, request, command, doubt等表示要求、命令、建议、决定等意义的动词后,宾语从句常用“(should)+ 动词原形”。例如:

I insist that she (should) do her work alone. 我坚持要她自己工作。

The commander ordered that troops (should) set off at once. 司令员命令部队马上出发。

2. 用who,whom, which, whose, what, when, where, why, how, whoever, whatever, whichever 等关联词引导的宾语从句相当于特殊疑问句,应注意句子语序要用陈述语序。例如:

I want to know what he has told you. 我想知道他告诉了你什么。

She always thinks of how she can work well. 她总是在想怎样能把工作做好。

She will give whoever needs help a warm support. 凡需要帮助的人,她都会给予热情的支持。

3. 用whether或if引导的宾语从句,其主语和谓语的顺序也不能颠倒,仍保持陈述句语序。此外,whether与if 在作“是否”的意思讲时在下列情况下一般只能用whether,不用if:

a. 引导主语从句并在句首时;

b. 引导表语从句时;c . 引导从句作介词宾语时;d. 从句后有“or not”时;e. 后接动词不定式时。例如:

Whether there is life on the moon is an interesting question. 月球上有没有生命是个有趣的问题。

Everything depends on whether we have enough money. 一切要看我们是否有足够的钱。

I wonder whether he will come or not. 我想知道他来还是不来。

Can you tell me whether to go or to stay? 你能否告诉我是去还是留?

三、表语从句

1.定义:在一个复合句中,从句作的是主语的表语成分。表语从句在复合句中放在系动词

之后,说明主语是什么或者怎么样。

2.结构:由名词、形容词或相当于名词或形容词的词或短语充当,和连系动词一起构成谓语。

3.连接词:that, what, who, when, where, which, why, whether, how, whoever, whomever,

whichever, whatever等。

4.例句:

1, He has become a teacher.

他已经成为一名教师。

He has become what he wanted to be ten years ago.

他已经成为了他10年前想成为的。

2, She has remained there for an hour.

她曾在那里停留了一个小时。

She has remained where I stood yesterday for an hour.

她一直在我昨天站的地方站了一个小时。

3, His suggestion is good.

他的建议是好的。

His suggestion is that we should stay calm.

他的建议是,我们应该保持冷静。

4, The question is confusing.

这个问题令人困惑。

The question is when he can arrive at the hotel.

问题是,他什么时候可以到达酒店。

5.注意:

A.表语从句一定要用陈述语序。

False: The question is when can he arrive at the hotel.

Right: The question is when he can arrive at the hotel.

B.不可以用if,而用whether 连接表语从句(as if 例外)。

(引导宾语从句时可以互换if/whether,位于介词后要用whether,

位于句首时要用whether。)

(引导表语从句,主语从句,同位语从句时要用whether。)

False: The question is if the enemy is marching towards us.

Right: The question is whether the enemy is marching towards us.

Right: It looked as if he had understood this question.

C.不像宾语从句,在有表语从句的复合句中,主句时态和从句时态可以不一致。

Right: The question is who will travel with me to Beijing tomorrow.

Right: The question is why he cried yesterday.

D.that在表语从句中不可以省掉。

四、同位语从句

1、定义:在复合句中充当同位语的名词性从句称为同位语从句。从句作同位语表示与之同

位的名词(短语)的实际内容,它的作用相当于名词,对前面的名词(短语)加以补充说明或进一步解释,相当于一个表语从句,它们之间的关系是同位关系,即主表关系。

2、用法:

A. 在复合句中用作同位语的从句叫同位语从句。它一般跟在某些名词后面,用以说明

该名词表示的具体内容。

I heard the news that our team had won.我听到了我们队获胜的消息。

B.可以跟同位语从句的名词通常有news,idea,fact,promise,question,doubt,thought,

hope,message,suggestion,words(消息),possibility等(一般的“抽象”名词都可

用)。

I’ve come from Mr wang with a message that he won’t be able to see you this

afternoon.我从王先生那里来,他让我告诉你他今天下午不能来看你了。

C. 英语中引导同位语从句的词通常有连词that,whether,连接代词what,who。连接副

词how, when, where等。(注:if, which 不能引导同位语从句。)

He must answer the question whether he agrees to it or not. 他必须回答他是否同意这

样一个问题。

D. 有时同位语从句可以不紧跟在说明的名词后面,而被别的词隔开。

The thought came to him that maybe the enemy had fled the city.他突然想起可能敌

人已经逃出城了。

3、引导词:

1. 连词that引导同位语从句(注:引导同位语从句的that不能省略)

The idea that you can do this work well without thinking is quite wrong.你认为不动脑筋就能做好这件工作

【注意】在某些名词(如demand,wish,suggestion,resolution等)后面的同位语从句要用虚拟语气

There was a suggestion that Brown should be dropped from the team. 有一项建议是布朗

应该离队。

2. 连词whether引导同位语从句(注:if不能引导同位语从句)

The question whether we should call in a specialist was answered by the family doctor. 我们是否请专家由家庭医生来定。

【注意】whether 可引导同位语从句,但if不能引导同位语从句。

3.其它引导词引导的同位语从句

连接代词what, who, whom, whose,引导同位语从句

1).I have no idea what size shoes she wears.我不知道她穿几号的鞋。(what作定语)

2).The question who will take his place is still not clear. (who作主语)

4. 连接副词引导同位语从句

连接副词when, where, how, why

We haven’t yet settled the question where we are going to spend our summer vacation.到哪儿去度暑假,这个问题我们还没有决定。

先行词

1.定语从句的先行词是名词或代词;而同位语从句的先行词只能是名词,而且仅限于idea,plan,fact,theory,promise,hope,news,doubt,truth,information,suggestion,question,thought,belief,conclusion等少数名词。

例如:

①The boy who is playing football is my classmate.

②Those who work hard will succeed.

③The fact that he had not said anything surprised everybody.

④The fact that you are talking about is important.

在①句中,划线部分是定语从句,其先行词是名词boy,它不能用作同位语从句的先行词。

在②句中,划线部分也是定语从句,其先行词是代词those,代词不能用作同位语从句的先行词。

在③句中,划线部分是同位语从句,其先行词是名词fact,它同样可以用作定语从句的先行词,④句便是一例。

由以上分析可见,同位语从句的先行词一定可以用作定语从句的先行词,但定语从句的先行词不一定能用作同位语从句的先行词。

2.when,where,why引导的定语从句的先行词一定分别是表示时间、地点和原因的名词,而三者引导的同位语从句的先行词则肯定不是表示时间、地点和原因的名词。

例如:

①I still remember the day when I first came to Beijing.

②I have no idea when she will be back.

在①句中,划线部分是when引导的定语从句,其先行词day是表示时间的名词;

在②句中,划线部分是when引导的同位语从句,其先行词idea则不是表示时间的名词。

(完整版)名词性从句专项练习100题附答案

名词性从句专项练习100题 1. His success was because of ________ he had been working hard. A. that B. the fact which C. the fact that D. the fact 2. “Is Mary from New York City” “I don't know _______.” A. from what city does she come from B. from what city she come C. what city does she come from D. what city she comes from 3. ________ makes mistakes must correct them. A. What B. That C. Whoever D. Whatever 4. The reason why I didn't go to Shanghai was ________ a new job. A. because I got B. because of getting C. I got D. that I got 5. It worried her a bit ____ her hair was turning grey. A. while B. that C. if D. for 6. Henry killed the dog. I'll ask him why ________. A. did he do that B. he did that C. he did D. he has done so 7. Have you seen Henry lately My boss wants to know ________. A. how he is getting along B. how is he getting along C. what he is getting along D. what is he getting along 8. It is generally considered unwise to give a child ____ he or she wants. A. however B. whatever C. whichever D. whenever 9. He asked me ________ with me. A. what is the trouble B. what wrong was C. what was the matter D. what trouble it is 10. I am sure ________ he said is true. A. that B. about that C. of that D. that what 11. When and why he came here ________ yet. A. is not known B. are not known C. has not known D. have not bee 12. I wonder how much ________. A. does the watch cost B. did the watch cost C. the watch costed D. the watch costs 13. Mary is ________ someone might recognize her. A. afraid of B. afraid about C. afraid that D. afraid for 14.________ is no reason for dismissing her. A. Because she was a few minutes late B. Owing to a few minutes late C. The fact that she was a few minutes late D. Being a few minutes late 15. They came to the conclusion ________ by a computer. A. that not all things can be done B. because of not all things be done C. being not all things can be done D. because not all things can be done 16. Why the explosion occurred was ________ the laboratory attendant had been careless. A. for B. because C. since D. that 17. I don't doubt ________ he'll come.

名词性从句知识点总结

名词性从句知识点总结 在句子中起名词作用的句子叫名词性从句(Noun Clauses)。名词性从句的功能相当于名词词组, 它在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语、介词宾语等,因此根据它在句中不同的语法功能,名词从句又可分别称为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。 一.主语从句 主语从句是在复合句中充当主语的从句,通常放在主句谓语动词之前或由形式主语it代替,而本身放在句子末尾。 1. It 作形式主语和it引导强调句的比较 It 作形式主语代替主语从句,主要是为了平衡句子结构,主语从句的连接词没有变化。而it引导的强调句则是对句子某一部分进行强调,无论强调的是什么成分,都可用连词that。被强调部分指人时也可用who/whom。例如: a) It is a pity that you didn’t go to see the film. 你不去看那场电影真可惜。 b) It doesn’t interest me whether you succeed or not.我对你成功与否不感兴趣。 c) It is in the morning that the murder took place.谋杀案是在早上发生的。(强调句型) d) It is John that broke the window.是John打碎的窗户。(强调句型) 2. 用it 作形式主语的结构 (1) It is +名词+从句 It is a fact that …事实是… It is an honor that …非常荣幸 It is common knowledge that …是常识 (2) It is +形容词+从句 It is natural that…很自然… It is strange that…奇怪的是… (3) It is +不及物动词+从句 It seems that…似乎… It happened that…碰巧… It appears that…似乎… (4) It +过去分词+从句 It is reported that…据报道… It has been proved that…已证实… It is said that…据说… 3. 主语从句不可位于句首的五种情况: (1)if 引导的主语从句不可居于复合句句首。 (2)It is said /reported…结构中的主语从句不可提前。例如: 正确表达:It is said that President Jiang will visit our school next week. 错误表达:That President Jiang will visit our school next week is said. (3)It happens/occurs…结构中的主语从句不可提前。例如: 正确表达:It occurred to him that he failed in the examination. 错误表达:That he failed in the examination occurred to him. (4)It doesn’t matter how/whether …结构中的主语从句不可提前。例如: 正确表达:It doesn’t matter whether he is wrong or not.

定语从句例句全

I feel sorry for famous people who live their lives in the glare of publicity.我真可怜那些要在众目睽睽之下生活的名人。He's not the kind of man who would go back on his words.他不是那种背信弃义的人。 People who walk on the grass are liable to a fine.在草坪上行走要罚款。 The man who I saw is called Smith.我见到的那个人名叫史密斯。 The man who telephoned was a friend of yours.打电话的人是你的一位朋友。 He who laughs last laughs best.谁笑到最后,谁笑得最好。 There is a lady who wants to see you.有一位女士要见你。 The girl with whom he had been living for two years suddenly packed her bags and left.这姑娘和他同居了两年,突然收拾起行李走掉了。 The police have pulled in a half dozen people whom they suspect.警方已逮捕6个他们怀疑的人。 That's the girl (whom) I teach. 那就是我教的女孩。 The person (whom) you wish to see has come.你希望见到的人已经来了。 He is a shallow thinker whose opinions aren't worth much.他看问题很浅薄,他的意见没有多大价值。 The play,whose style is rigidly formal,is typical of the period.这剧本是那个时期的典型作品,风格拘谨刻板。 Nobody is going to buy a house whose front door opens onto a gas works.没有谁会买一栋前门对着煤气厂的房子。 I'd like a room whose window looks out over the sea.我想要一个窗户面临大海的房间。 This is the room which is kept for the reception of visitors.这是专供接待来访者用的房间。 There is a special parasite which gives rise to the itch.有一种特别的寄生虫会导致皮炎。 Lally was right about the repairs which the cottage needed.拉莉关于农舍需要如何修理的意见是正确的。 Rule out neatly any words which you don't wish Jack to read.把你不想让杰克看的词句整整齐齐地划掉。 The sports day is an occasion which we can all join in.运动日是大家都能参加运动的一个机会。 that work very hard. 她是特别用功的学生之一。 Is he the man that sells eggs?他是卖鸡蛋的那个人吗? I like those cookies that are coated with chocolate spread.我喜欢那些裹巧克力酱的甜饼。 The letter that I received from him yesterday is very important.我昨天收到的他那封来信很重要。 Here is the car that I had told you about.这就是我和你谈过的那辆汽车。 The two brothers were satisfied with this decision,as was agreed beforehand.两兄弟对这个事先已经同意的决定都满意。 I never heard such stories as he tells.我从未听过他讲的这类故事。 I have never seen such a man as you talked about.我从没见过你说到的那种人。 During this terrible year they took only such food as they could find.在这可怕的年头里,他们只能找到什么吃什么。 He is not the same boy as he was.他和从前不一样了。 Her attitude to him was quite the same as it had always been.她对他的态度同她一贯的态度完全一样。 I gave him old clothes which he made a penny of.我给了他一些旧衣服,让他拿去换钱。 The situation (which) we had got into was very dangerous.我们当时的处境很危险。 The man (whom) we sent the present to is a doctor of laws.我们寄给他礼物的那个人是位法学博士。 He married a wife by whom he had two daughters.他娶了妻并和她生了两个女儿。 Water is the natural medium in which most fish live.水是大多数鱼类生活的自然环境。 There were long periods when we had no news of him.我们曾好长时间没有他的消息。 Jenney dreams of the day when she will be playing the piano for a living.珍妮梦想着有朝一日能以演奏钢琴为生。 This is the hour when the place is full of people.这种时候这地方到处都是人。 Returning to a city where one used to live can be a saddening experience.重归故地有时会给人带来几许惆怅。 I went off in search of a garage where I could buy some petrol.我跑去寻找加油站买汽油。 The tourists sought out a shady spot where they sat down and rested. 旅游者找到一块阴凉的地方坐下休息。 The reason why she didn't get the job was that her English was not very good.她没得到这个工作的原因是她的英语不是很好。 The reason why he is late is that his car went wrong.他迟到的原因是他的汽车坏了。 That is the reason why we must go now.这就是我们现在必须走的理由。 This is one of the basic reasons why some of our work can't be done well.这是我们有些工作做不好的一个基本原因。 This is the way how he always treats me. 他一贯就是这样对待我的。 That's the way how I learn English.那就是我学英语的方法。

名词性从句翻译句子

名词性从句是由if, whether, that 和各种疑问词充当连接词所引导的从句,其功同名词一样。 一.主语从句 1. It 作形式主语和it引导强调句的比较 It is a pity that you didn't go to see the film. It doesn't interest me whether you succeed or not. It is in the morning that the murder took place. It is John that broke the window. 2. 用it 作形式主语的结构 (1) It is +名词+从句 It is a fact that …事实是… It is an honor that…非常荣幸 It is common knowledge that…是常识 (2) it is +形容词+从句 It is natural that…很自然… It is strange that…奇怪的是… (3) it is +不及物动词+从句 It seems that…似乎… It happened that…碰巧… (4) it +过去分词+从句 It is reported that…据报道… It has been proved that…已证实… 3. What 与that 在引导主语从句时的区别 What 引导主语从句时在句时在从句中充当句子成分,如主语.宾语.表语,而that 则不然。例如: 1) What you said yesterday is right. 2) I know that he will study. 3) I know what he will study.

定语从句详解+例句(精品)

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