专业英语-专业英语八级分类模拟题阅读理解(二十三).doc

专业英语八级分类模拟题阅读理解（二十三）

READING COMPREHENSION

TEXT A

In Don Juan Lord Byron wrote, n Sweet is revenge — especially to women. n But a study released on Wednesday, supported by magne tic resonance imaging, suggests that men may be the more natural avengers.

In the study, when male subjects witnessed people they perceived as bad guys being stroke by a mild electrical shock, their M.R. I. scans lit up in primitive brain areas associated with reward. Their brains 1empathy centers remained dull ? Women watching the punishment, in contrast, showed no response in centers associated with pleasure. Even though they also said they did not like the bad guys, their empathy centers still quietly glowed.

The study seems to show for the first time in physical terms what many people probably assume they already know：that women are generally more empathetic than men, and that men take great pleasure in seeing revenge exacted. H Men expressed more desire for revenge and seemed to feel satisfaction when unfair people were given what they perceived as deserved physical punishment, n saidDr.Tania Singer, the lead researcher, of the Wellcome Department of Imaging Neuroscience at University College London. But far from condemning the male impulse for retribution, Dr.Singer said it had an important social function: "This type of behavior has probably been crucial in the evolution of society as the majority of people in a group are motivated to punish those who cheat on the rest.n

The study is part of a growing body of research that is attempting to better understand behavior and emotions by observing simultaneous physiological changes in the brain, a technique now attainable through imaging? H Imaging is still in its early days but we are transitioning from a descriptive to a more mechanistic type of study,n said Dr.Klaas Enno Stephan, a co-author of the paper.

Dr?Singer1s team was simply trying to see if the study subjects' degree of empathy correlated with how much they liked or disliked the person being punished. They had not set out to look into sex differences ?To cultivate personal likes and dislikes in their 32 volunteers, they asked them to play a complex money strategy game, where both members of a pair would profit if both behaved cooperatively. The ranks of volunteers were infiltrated by actors told to play selfishly. Volunteers came quickly to n very much like11the partners who were cooperative, while disliking those who hided rewards, Dr?Stephan said. Effectively conditioned to like and dislike their game-playing partners, the 32 subjects were placed in scanners and asked to watch the various partners receive electrical shocks. On scans, both men and women seemed to feel the pain of partners they liked. But the real surprise came during scans when the subjects viewed the partners they disliked being shocked. n When women saw the shock, they still had an empathetic response, even though it was reduced, n Dr?Stephan said?

n The men had none at all. n Furthermore, researchers found that the brain1s pleasure centers lit up in males when just punishment was meted out.

The researchers cautioned that it was not clear if men and women are born with divergent responses to revenge or if their social experiences generate the responses. Dr.Singer said larger studies were needed to see if differing responses would be seen in cases involving revenge that did not involve pain. Still, she added, "This investigation would seem to indicate there is a predominant role for men in maintaining justice and issuing punishment.n lx Lord Byron1s words are mentioned to

A.demonstrate the cruelty of women.

B.show women feet sweeter with revenge than men.

C.introduce the different idea about revenge.

D.suggest women love to take revenge on the bad guys.

2、According to the passage, Dr.Singer1s attitude to male revenge impulse is

Four years passed, and on a dismal spring afternoon I was running errands

feeling depressed. You 1 ve got the winter blahs again, I told them every year.

birtzhday, and 1 found myself thinking about him. This was family often talked about him, remembering how he lived his and found myself myself. You get It was Dad 1s

not unusual — my

faith. Once I saw him give his coat to a homeless man? Often he 1 d chat with

A. sympathetic.

B. positive.

C. negative.

D. detached.

3、 According to the passage, the study is originally aimed to

A. show sex differences on revenge.

B. better understand human 1s behavior and emotions.

C. cultivate personal likes and dislikes.

D. see if the de gree of empathy is connected with personal likes and dislikes ?

4、 The word 11 inf iltrated 11 (Line Six, Para. Five) probably means

A. acted.

B. mixed ?

C. taught?

D. filtrated ?

5、 Dr. Singer thinks men are more suitable to maintain justice and issue punishment than women because

A. b rains 1 empathy centers of men remained dull when punishment was executed.

B. women 1s pleasure centers were lit up with punishment implemented.

C. men have no response when seeing punishment executed.

D. men had different experiences from women.

TEXTB

It was an autumn morning shortly after my husband and I moved into our first house. Our children were upstairs unpacking, and I was looking out the window at my father moving around mysteriously on the front lawn. My parents lived nearby, and Dad had visited us several times already. n What are you doing out there?11 I called to him.

He looked up, smiling. 1111 m making you a surprise. n Knowing my father, I

thought it could be just about anything? A self -employed jobber, he was always building things out of odds and ends. When we were kids, he once rigged up a jungle gym out of wheels and pulleys. For one of my Halloween parties, he created an electrical pumpkin and mounted it on a broomstick. As guests came to our door, he would light the pumpkin and have it pop out in front of them from a hiding place in the bushes.

Today, however, Dad would say no more, and, caught ups in the busyness of our

new life, I eventually forgot about his surprise.

Until one raw day the following March when I glanced out the window. Dismal ?

Overcast. Little piles of dirty snow still stubbornly littering the lawn, would winter ever end?

And yet. ? . was it a mirage? 1 strained to see what I thought was something

pink, miraculously peeking out of a drift. And was that a dot of blue across the yard, a small note of optimism in this gloomy expanse? I grabbed my coat and headed outside for a closer look.

They were crocuses, scattered whimsically throughout the front lawn. Lavender,

blue, yellow and my favorite pink — little faces bobbing in the bitXer wind.

Dad. I smiled, remembering the bulbs he had secretly planted last autumn. He

knew how the darkness and dreariness of winter always got me down. What could have been more perfectly timed, more attuned to my needs? How blessed I was, not only for the flowers but for him.

My father 1 s crocuses bioomed each spring for the next four or five seasons,

bringing that same assurance every time they arrived: Hard times almost over. Hold on, keep going, light is coming soon.

Then a spring came with only half the usual blooms. The next spring there were

none. I missed the crocuses z but my life was busier than ever, and I had never been much of a gardener. I would ask Dad to come over and plant new bulbs. But I never did.

He died suddenly one October day. My family grieved deeply, leaning on our

faith. I missed him terribly ， though I knew he would always be a part of us ?

the author was unpacking when her father was making the surprise. the author knew what the surprise was because she knew her father.

it was not the first time that the author 1

s father had made a surprise ? it kept bothering the author not knowing what the surprise was.

7、 Which of the following can best describe the author 1 s purpose of mentioning the jungle gym and electrical pumpkin? A. B. C ? D. To To To To show show show show his father loved building things. his father was good at handwork. it is not uncommon for his father to give her surprises. his father loved her deeply.

8

、 of the following is INCORRECT, according to the passage? 9

、 Which A. The author 1 s father planted the crocus to lift the author 1 s low spirit.

B. The crocuses bloomed each spring before the author 1s father died.

C. The author often thought about her father since her father died.

D. The author 1 s father prob^bly died 14 years after he planted the crocus .

The author 1s father should be best described as 10> Which A. She B. She She D ? She

strangers, and if he learned they were poor and hungry, he would invite them home for a meal. But now, in the car, I could not help wondering: How is he now? Where is he? Is there really a heaven?

I felt guilty for having doubts, but sometimes, I thought as 1 turned into our

driveway, faith is so hard?

Suddenly I slowed, stopped and stared at the lawn. Muddy grass and small gray

mounds of melting snow. And there, bravely waving in the wind, was one pink crocus. How could a flower bloom from a bulb more than 18 years old, one that had not blossomed in over a decade? But there was the crocus. Tears filled my eyes as I realized its significance.

Hold on, keep going, light is coming soon. The pink crocus bloomed for only a

day. But it built my faith for a lifetime.

6、 According to the first three paragraphs,

A. B. C.

D.

A. a full-time gardener with skillful hands.

B. a part-time jobber who loved flowers.

C. a kind-hearted man who lived with faith.

D. an ordinary man with doubts in his life.

of the following sentence is true about the author? is somewhat

sentimental?

is as determined to her faith as his father? is always negative toward life.

has a distant relationship with her mother.

TEXTC

The advantage of associating the birth of democracy with the Mayflower Compact is that it is easy to do so. The public believes a simple explanation that on November 11, 1620, when the compact was approved, a cornerstone of American democracy was laid. Certainly it makes it easier on schoolchildren. Making the start of democracy in 1620 relieves students of the responsibility of knowing what happened in the hundred some years before, from the arrival of the Santa Maria to the landing of the Mayflower.

Surely, the compact demonstrated the Englishman 1s striking capacity for self -

government. And in affirming the principle of majority rule, the Pilgrims showed how far they had come from the days when the king 1 s whim was law and nobody dared say otherwise.

But the emphasis on the compact is misplaced. Scholarly research in the last

half century indicates that the compact had nothing to do with the development of the self - government in America. In truth, the Mayflower Compact was no more a

cornerstone of American democracy than the Pilgrim hut was the foundation of

American architecture. As Samuel Morison so emphatically put it, American democracy 11 was not born in the cabin of the Mayflower. 11

The Pilgrims indeed are miscast as the heroes of American democracy. They

spurned democracy and would have been shocked to see themselves help up as its

defenders. George Willison, regarded as one of the most careful students of the

Pilgrims, states that 11 the merest glance at the history of Plymouth 11 shows that they were not democrats.

to settle in an area outside the jurisdiction of aboard the Mayflower had hinted that upon

landing liberty, for none had power to command them.

n Under they couldn 11 ； the compact required all who lived was and responsibility, democracy, freedom ? 13> 14、 15>

A. B. C.

D. the Pilgrims 1 respect servants 1 respect for the Pilgrims 1 respect the Pilgrims 1

respect

The mythmakers would have us believe that even if the Pilgrims themselves

weren 11 democratic, the Mayflower Compact itself was. But in fact tile compact was expressly designed to check freedom, not promote it. The Pilgrim governor and historian, William Bradford, from whom we have gotten nearly all of the information there is about the Pilgrims, frankly conceded as much. Bradford wrote that the purpose of the compact was to control traitors aboard the Mayflower who were threatening to go their own way when the ship reached land. Because the Pilgrims had decided their royal patent, some they would n use their own the terms of

the compact, in the colony

to H promise all due sub

mission and obedience 11 to it.

Moreover, despite the compact 1s mention of majority rule, the Pilgrim fathers

had no intention of turning over the colony 1 s government to the people ? Plymouth was to be ruled by the elite. And the elite wasn 11 shameful in the least about advancing its claims to superiority? When the Mayflower Compact signed, the elite signed first. The second rank consisted of the n goodmen n the bottom four servants. No women or children signed.

The public considers the Mayflower Compact as

English democracy. American American American 12、 In signing the compact, the Pilgrims broke away from

A. the self-government?

B. the authoritarian rule in Britain.

C. the principle of majority rule.

D. democratic rule.

The word n miscast 11 (Line One, Para. Four) means

A. displaced.

B. misunderstood.

C? unbelieved.

D. mismanaged.

According to Para. Five, which one is correct?

A. The compact 1 s real purpose was to keep the Pilgrims 1 free dom unde r

control ?

B. William Bradford agreed with what mythmakers said.

C. The compact allowed Pilgrims to use their own liberty upon landing.

D. The Mayflower Compact itself was democratic. The details about the signers of the compact are mentioned to emphasize

for majority rule? elit e?

for n goodmen H . for the social hierarchy. TEXTD

Canadians like to think that although they are the junior partner in their trade relations with the United States, the 174 billion barrels of proven reserves in the oil sands of Alberta provide a powerful ace up their sleeve in any dealings with their energy-hungry neighbor. That belief has now been shaken by an American law that appears to prohibit American government agencies from buying crude produced in the oil sands of the western province.

The Energy Independence and Security Act 2007 did not set out to discriminate

against Canada, America 1s biggest supplier of oil. But that is the effect of b anning federal agencies from buying alternative or synthetic fuel, including that from non-conventional sources, if their production and use result in more greenhouse gases than conventional oil. Transforming Alberta 1s tarry muck into a barrel of oil is an energy-intensive process that produces about three times the emissions of a barrel of conventional light sweet crude.

Having woken belatedly to the danger, the Canadian government is now scrambling A . the b

irth

B ? the birth

C ? the birth

D . the b irth

to secure an exception. Michael Wilson, Canada1s ambassador in Washington, has written to America 1s secretary of defense, Robert Gates (whose department is a big purchaser of Canadian oil) , stressing American dependence on Canadian oil, electricity, natural gas and uranium imports, and noting that some of the biggest players in the Alberta oil patch are American companies . Mr. Wilson added plaintively that both George Bush and his energy secretary, Samuel Bodman, have publicly welcomed expanded oil-sands production, given the increased contribution to American energy security.

John Baird, the Canadian environment minister, referred this week to the American move when he unveiled new proposals to reduce industrial emissions in Canada, including the oil sands, by 20% by 2020 . Big states like California were making similar pronouncements, he told reporters. The oil sands were an important national resource, but had to be expanded in an environmentally friendly way.

The fear in Canada is that the American purchasing restrictions, which at present apply only to federal agencies, is the start of a wholesale shift to greener as well as more protectionist policies under a Congress and potentially a White House controlled by the Democrats? With energy exports, mainly from Alberta，driving the Canadian economy, this is not a happy thought for Canadians.

Yet environmentalists point out that Canada is now paying for its own foot-dragging at the federal level on green initiatives. Having signed the Kyoto agreement under a previous Liberal government, Canada did little to stop its emissions rising. They are now almost 35% above the Kyoto target. And although Mr? Baird likes to describe his plan as tough, it will not bring Canada into line with Kyoto. The rules for the oil sands, now the fastest growing source of greenhouse gases, have yet to be finalised and will not come into force until 2 010 . Furthermore, they rely on carbon capture, a promising but unproven technology.

The vagueness of the proposed federal rules did not stop the premier of Alberta, Ed Stelmach, from giving a defiant warning that he will stand up for the interests of Albertans and will be examining the constitution to ensure that the federal government1s proposed plan does not intrude on provincial jurisdiction. His province has one of the weakest environmental regimes in Canada.

Although the Canadian embassy says that there has been no official response to Mr. Wilson1s letter, there are reports of talks going on in Washington aimed at addressing Canada1 s concerns. But even if a deal is reached with the outgoing Bush administration, any exception for Canada may be short-lived if green-tinged Democrats take the White House in November.

16、All of the following can be inferred from Paragraph One EXCEPT that

A.Canada ranks not very high in its trade relations with USA.

B.Canada still plays a very powerful role in the American energy industry.

C.An American law was passed to prohibit the import of crude from Western Canada.

D.Alberta must be located in Western Canada.

17> The Energy Independence and Security Act 2007 was aimed to

A.single out Canada for discrimination.

B.produce more alternative or synthetic fuel.

C.reduce energy-intensive industries to minimum.

D.prohibit the purchase of fuel that causes more emissions?

18> Which of the following is NOT mentioned as one of Canada 1 s responses to the American fuel purchasing restrictions?

A.The Canadian government looked for an exception hurriedly.

B.Canada 1s ambassador in America stated the significance of Canadian oil to America.

C.The premier of Alberta, Ed Stelmach, stands up for the interests of

Albertans?

D.New proposals on the reduction of industrial emissions in Canada were made publie.

19> What can be inferred from Paragraph Six?

A.Mr.Baird made tough plans to bring emissions in Canada in line with the

Kyoto target?

B.The Canadian federal government is now slow in carrying out its green plans

?

C.The Canadian economy suffers for lack of federal rules for the oil sands.

D.Carbon capture technology is now in use in Canada?

2 0、According to the author, the prospects of addressing Canada1s concerns are

A.bright.

B.slim.

C? definitely hopeless?

D? unknown?

答案：

READING COMPREHENSION

TEXT A

1、c

［解析］推理判断题。题干信息提示，本题考查第一段首句提到的拜伦所说话的用意。其后的转折句及下文内容提示，引言的H的是为了引出''男人在报复得到满足时，更会感到愉悦〃的观点，故答案为c。其余三项都是根据这句话字面意思所出的干扰选项。

2、 B

［解析］观点态度题。根据题干屮的关键词revenge impulse^以将答案定位在文章的第三段。辛格博士对于男性报复心理所持的态度可以根据其话语判断得出。她认为男人这种心理和行为对人类发展有很重要的意义，因此对其持肯定态度，B正确。A''同情的〃，C、'否定的〃、D''超然的〃都不能概括博士的态度。

3、D

［解析］事实细节题。根据这个研究可以看出男女对报复有不同的反应，但是这个研究的初衷却非如此。第四、五段对该研究有一一个明确的描述，第四段是对该研究从属的研究项H的描述，第五段是对该研究的捕述，最初并不是要研究性别差杲，而是要发现同情程度与对被惩罚人的喜好程度的联系, 因此D是答案。

4、B

［解析］语义理解题。根据提示，将答案信息定位在文章第五段。该词所在的原句为''The ranks of volunteers were infiltrated by actors told to play self ishly".从卜文可以看出，人们并不喜欢那些自私的同伴，据此可以推断这些志愿者们和演员们是徵混在一起的。选项屮，A''扮演〃，B''混杂〃，C''教授〃，D''过滤〃。因此B最合适。

5、A

［解析］事实细节题。根据题干屮的maintain justice and issue punishment nJ"以将答案定位在最后一段。辛格博士Z所以认为男人更适合维持公正、执行惩罚是和其天牛的本性有关的，从文章前面也可以看出，男人看到惩罚坏人吋会有愉悦感，而女人则有一点怜悯感，这就是男人比女人更适合做这些工作的原因。选项A''执行惩罚吋男人的同情屮心呈迟钝状〃，说明这吋没有同情的感情在。B和文章事实相反。C''男人看到执行惩罚时没有反应〃，而文中提到其愉悦中心发亮，有愉悦感。D 只是最后一段描述的一个猜测。因此，只有A最符合题意。

TEXTB

6、C

［解析］事实细节题。第二段后三句提到在作者小的时候，父亲就曾用零碎的东西给她做过攀爬架，还在万圣节给她做了个电南瓜，可见作者的父亲善于给作者制造惊喜，故C正确。由第一段第二句可知父亲制造惊喜吋孩子们在开箱而作者在透过窗户看父亲，故排除A。第二段第二句说因为很了解父亲的为人，所以知道这个惊喜有任何可能性，所以作者猜不出來父亲会给她什么样的惊喜，故B错。

由第三段可知作者忙于新牛活，很快就把这个惊喜忘了，所以作者并没有为惊喜是什么而困扰，故 D 错。

7、C

［解析］推理判断题。第二段第二句说因为了解父亲的为人，所以作者知道这个惊喜有各种可能；紧接着作者列举了儿吋父亲给她做的攀爬架和电南瓜，两者都属于父亲给作者的惊喜，可见提及这两个例子是为了证明父亲喜欢给她制造惊喜，所以C正确。A、B文屮没有提到，属于主观臆断，可排除。D项表述正确，但不是作者在此举例的H的，属于过度推断，可排除。

8、B

［解析］推理判断题。作者在第七段提到她总是在冬季心情郁闷，紧接着说父亲知道番红花最符合作者的需要，可见父亲种花的初衷是驭散作者的压抑心情，故A正确。由第九、十段可知父亲种的番红花在四五年之后就不再开了，作者本想再让父亲帮忙种植，却一直没有行动，可见番红花在父亲在世时便己经不开了，故B错，为答案。第十二段首句说作者在父亲牛日时想起父亲，紧接着下一句说这并不奇怪，可见作者经常想起父亲，故C正确。由十一段首句可知番红花吋隔多年重新开花是在父亲去世四年后，十四段倒数第三句乂说种植了十八年的番红花怎么还会开花，可以推断作者的父亲是在种下番红花十四年后去世的，故D正确。

9、C

［解析］推理判断题。由第十二段第二句可知作者的父亲是个实践自己的信仰的人，血由该段第三、四句父亲把外套送给陌牛人并且邀请困顿饥饿的人去家里吃饭可知他心肠好，所以C正确。由第二段第四句可知作者父亲做的是个体批发牛意而不是园艺师，是self-employed jobber,而不是part-time jobber,且文章并没有提到父亲爱花，故A与B错。由十二段可知作者的父亲是个坚持井实践自己信仰的人，并没有对牛活有所怀疑，故D错。

10、A

［解析］推理判断题。文章多次提到作者在冬天总是情绪低落心情郁闷，甚至戏称口己有winter blahs,在看到春天开放的番红花吋乂觉得很受鼓舞，可见作者是个多愁善感的人，故选A。第十三段作者写到自己对天堂的存在产牛怀疑，并且她有吋认为要坚持信念很难，可见作者并非像父亲一样笃定信念，故B错。每逢看到盛开的番红花作者都更加坚定了对光明和努力的信念，可见整体上她的牛活态度是乐观的，故C错。文屮虽然没有着墨于作者的母亲，但并不能因此判断作者和母亲关系疏离，故D属于过度推断，可排除。

TEXTC

n> c

［解析］事实细节题。由题干屮的关键词the public可以将信息定位于第一段第二句。从该处可知, 公众相信这样一种简单的解释：1620年月口，也就是协议牛效的那天，是美国民主的奠基口。由此可见，公众认为''五月花号协议〃是''美国民主的诞牛〃，故C正确。''五月花号协议〃是由从英国逃离的清教徒签订的，他们虽是英国人，但这份协议的签订是为了摆脱英国主权的统治，因此A不正确；第一段虽然提到了responsibility,但是指对学牛而言的，故B排除；本段并未提到freedom, 虽然文章小也出现过，但与本题无关，属于偷换概念的迷惑项，所以D也不正确。

12> B

［解析］推理判断题。第二段的首句说协议表明了英国人H治的能力，接着指岀清教徒确立了多数人统治的原则，这表明他们远远摆脱了''国王的想法就是法律〃的岁刀，这里的国王当然是指英国的国王，国王的统治喑指一种专制统治。因此，B正确。A''自治〃是清教徒所支持的，不是他们力求摆脱的。C''多数人统治的原则〃也不是清教徒们力求摆脱的。D''民主统治〃虽然不是清教徒及协议所提倡的，但也不是他们所力求摆脱的，故D也不正确。

13、B

［解析］语义理解题。本题要求回答miscast在文屮的含义。该词出现在文章第四段的首句，也没有

对它的解释，所以需要结合整段或者前后句的句意来理解。很明显，本段第一句是屮心句，其后的两句话都是対本句的论证。根据第二句话屮的''shocked to see themselves help up as its

defenders"AT知，清教徒并不是民主的守护者，而这正与首句的''the heroes of American democracy,/相矛?盾，所以可以初步推断miscast有''误解〃意思。另外，再依据该段最后一句屮的

''they were not democrats,z可以证明这个推断是正确的，故B为答案。A''取代；转移〃，C''不

相信〃，D''处置不当〃，均与原文的意思不吻合。

14、A

［解析］事实细节题。可从选项入手，逐一解答。A''协议的真正H的是要控制清教徙的口由〃，这与

该段第二句话的意思一致，所以正确；B''威廉?布雷福德同意神话编造者所说的〃，这与该段第三句

话的意思札I矛盾，该句屮的conceded as much是指承认了''协议是控制自由而不是促进自由的〃，所以不正确；C''协议允许清教徒在登陆后使用自由权〃，这正与协议的FI的相反，可从该段的倒数第一句屮的they couldn11 (use their own liberty)得知，所以不正确；D'''五刀花号协议，是民主的〃，这与该段的观点相矛盾，从该段的第一、二句话可知，这是神话编造者的冃的，也正是作者所批驳的观点，所以不正确。

15、D

［解析］推理判断题。由题干关键词将信息定位于尾段。该段主要是论证： ''五月花号协议〃所体现的仍然是精英统治的原则，而不是大多数人统治的原则；其屮所举的签字实例正是为了说明这个观点。

A''清教徒对多数人统治原则的尊重〃，这与该段首句的''清教徒并不打算将统治权交给大众〃相矛盾，所以不正确；B''仆人们对精英的尊重〃和C''清教徒对主人的尊重〃文小都未体现，属于过度推断；协议签署细节体现了森严的等级观念，故D、、清教徒对社会等级的尊重〃才是本段所强调的核心，所以D 正确。

TEXTD

16、C

［解析］事实细节题。首先定位到第一段。选项A''加拿大在和美国的贸易关系上排名不是很高〃与本段屮的junior partnerffl符。选项B''加拿大在美国能源业小仍然占有重要地位〃可从第一句话后半部分推断出。选项C'、美国通过了一?项禁止从加拿大西部进口原油的法律〃与本段的最后一?句不符，该句只是说该法律''似乎要禁止美国政府机构购买〃。选项D''阿尔伯达省位于加拿大西部〃是正确的，这是因为本段屮的the western province就扌旨Alberta。

17、D

［解析］事实细节题。首先定位到第二段。该段提到此部法律的实施并非是对加拿大的歧视，而是禁止联邦机构购买替代或合成燃料，其屮包括非传统能源，除非其牛产或使用不会产牛多于传统能源的温室气体。据此可判断D正确。其余选项均不符合文屮相关信息。

18、C

［解析］事实细节题。文屮第三、四段提到了加拿大对美国的购买限制的反应。选项A''加政府匆忙寻

找特殊照顾〃与第三段第一句相符。选项B''加驻美大使陈述了加石油对美国的重要性〃与第三段第二

句的相关信息相符。选项C''阿尔伯达省省长埃徳?斯特默挺身维护阿省人民的利益〃是阿尔伯达省省

长对加拿大联邦政府制定有关限制废气排放规定的反应，因此此项不符合题意，为答案。选D''减少加拿大工业废气排放的新提议己广为人知了〃与第四段第一句话屮的信息相符。

19> B

［解析］推理判断题°第六段第四句提到''尽管们德先牛总是把他的计划渲染得那么不折不扣，但与

《京都议定书》的要求还是相去甚远〃，由此排除A''伯德先牛制定出不折不扌II的计划，旨在使加拿大的工业废气排放符合《京都议定书》的要求〃。B''加拿大联邦政府在实施绿色行动计划时显得拖拉〃与本段首句丨卩的''foot-dragging at the federal level on green initiatives"对应, 是正确项。C''由于缺乏针对油砂的联邦规定，加拿大的经济受损〃屮的''缺乏〃说法有误，文屮只是说''未垠后定案〃。D''碳捕集技术现在在加拿大已得以应用〃也与本段111的unproven technology不一致，故排除。故本题选B。

20、B

［解析］观点态度题。首先定位到最后一段。该段说''即使加政府和布什政府达成了任何协议，如果到了十一月份注重环保的民主党上台，那么任何给予加拿大的特殊照顾都可能是短命的〃。据此可知, B''微乎其微〃是正确的，即''其前景很惨淡〃，但不一定是C项所说的''完全没有希望〃和D项所言的''不确定〃。