初中英语语法梳理和重点句型
名词
含义：表示人、事物、地方、现象或抽象概念等的名称的词。
一、名词的分类
注：1.专有名词是指人、地方、团体、机构等特有的名称。第一个字母必须大写。专有名词前一般不加冠词。
2、有普通名词构成的专有名词前要用定冠词“the”，但它不大写。
3、有些不可数名词有时表示为具体的东西时，则变为可数名词，而且意思上也有了变化。
Eg： beer ----a beer 一杯啤酒
work--- a work 工厂，著作
glass---a glass 一个玻璃杯
room空间---a room一个房间
二、名词的数：表示可以计算数目的人或物称为可数名词。
可数名词有单、复数两种形式：可数名词的单数形式要在名词前加“a或an”；复数形式是在名词后加“-s或-es”。名词复数形式有规则变化和不规则变化两种
1、可数名词的规则变化：
2. 可数名词复数的不规则变化
①改变单数名词中的元音字母
eg. man--men, woman—women, tooth—teeth, foot—feet, mouse--mice
②单复数同形 eg. Chinese-Chinese, deer-deer, fish-fish, sheep-sheep,
③由man 和woman构成的合成词, 每个名词都要变复数
eg. a man doctor— men doctors, a woman teacher--women teachers 注: 有些名词表示一种物体具有不可分割的相同的两部分,在使用时只有复数形式
eg. trousers, clothes, glasses, shorts, etc;
有些名词从形式上看是复数, 实际上是单数(其后的谓语动词要用单数).
eg. maths , physics, politics, news
3. 不可数名词：表示不能计算数目的人或物，称为不可数名词。他们前面不能用a/an,没有复数形式。物质名词和抽象名词都属于不可数名词。不可数名词一般只有单数形式, 但有其特殊用法:
(1)同一个词,变成复数形式, 意义不同。eg. food 食物--- foods 各种食物，
time 时间 --- times 时代，green 绿色 ---greens 青菜
(2)有些不可数名词用复数代指具体的事物
eg. hope ---hopes 希望 hardship --- hardships 艰苦
(3)物质名词在表示数量时,常用某个量词+of来表示
eg. a cup of tea, seven pieces of bread, several bags of rice
三、名词的所有格
名词的所有格是表示名词之间的所有关系,有两种表示形式, 一种是在名词后+’s；另一种是用of, 表示“……的”。
1. (1) 一般词的所有格, 直接在词尾加’s。eg. Mr. Mott’s robot, children’s clothes
(2) 以s结尾的名词所有格只在词尾加’ 。eg. teachers’ books
(3) 两人共有的物体, 则在第二个名词后+’s; 如果分别是两人所有, 则在每个名词后面加’s。eg. Lucy and Lily’s room. (指两人共住一个房间)
Mrs Green’s and Mrs Brown’s son. (指两人各自的儿子)
(4) 表示某具体场所时, 所有格后面的名词可省略
eg. the doctor’s (office) Mr. White’s
2.(1) 没有生命的事物一般用of 短语来表示所属关系。
eg. the wall of the classroom，a picture of the bedroom，
(2) 名词的的定语较长时,有生命的事物也可用of短语表示。
eg. a long story of a 50-year-old man
(4)双重所有格 eg. a friend of his, the big nose of Tom’s
(5)有些表示时间、距离、国家、城市等无生命的东西的名词，也可以加’s来构成所
有格。
eg. ten minutes’ walk, today’s newspaper
例题解析：举一反三，学的更轻松！
1. They got much _____ from those new books.
A. ideas
B. photos
C. news
D. stories
解析: much 是用来修饰不可数名词的, A B D三个选项均是可是名词的复数形式, C项为不可数名词, 因此选C.
2. I have two _______ and three bottles of _________ here.
A. orange, orange
B. oranges, oranges
C. oranges, orange
D. orange, oranges
解析: orange 有两种含义, 一种可数名词橘子, 另一种是不可数名词橘汁, 此题第一空应填可数名词, 第二空填不可数名词, 因此选 C。
3. Every evening M r. King takes a _________ to his home .
A. 25 minutes’ walk
B. 25 minute’s walk
C. 25 minute walk
D. 25 minutes walk
解析: 句中的 minute应该用其复数的所有格形式,只+’,而不能+s,因此选A。
4. An old _______ wants to see you.
A. people
B. person
C. the people
D. the person
解析: person 与people 都有”人” 的意思, 但用法不同. “一个人”用“a person”,“两个人” 用“two persons”; people 泛指“人们”是集合名词,表示复数, the people 指“人民”, a people 指“一个民族”. 应选B。
5. Help yourself to __________.
A. chickens and apples
B. chickens and apple
C. chicken and apple
D. chicken and apples
解析: chicken 可用作可数名词指小鸡,用作不可数名词指鸡肉,根据词题意应理解为鸡肉;apple为可数名词, 故应+s, 因此选D。
6. Oh, dear. I forgot the two _________.
A. room’s number
B. rooms’ number
C. room numbers
D. rooms’ numbers
解析: room number 房间号码. room可直接用作定语修饰后面的名词 . 类似的还有my phsics teacher, two bus drivers 等. 应选C。
7. She has been in Tianjin for ten years. Tianjin has become her second _________.
A. family
B. house
C. home
D. room
解析: family指的是家庭或是家庭成员; house指的是房子(住所); room 指的是房间;而home 指的是家, 因此选C.
8. ________ mothers couldn’t go to the meeting, because they have gone to Shanghai .
A. Mary and Peter’s
B. Mary and Peter
C. Mary’s and Peter
D. Mary’s and Peter’s
解析: 此句中“mothers”是复数,表示两个人各自的母亲,因此应选D。
9. Li Lei has been to __________ many times this month.
A. her uncle
B. her uncle’s
C. her uncles
D. aunt’s
解析: 此句意为“李雷这个去她舅舅家多次”. 表示具体场所时, 可省去所有格后面的名词.
因此选B。
10. He is a success as a leader but he hasn’t ________ in teaching.
A. many experiences
B. much experience
C. an experience
D. a lot experience
解析: experience 作“经验” 讲时是不可数名词, 作“经历”讲时是可数名词. 本句中应理解为“经验”,因此是不可数名词,排除 A C. 又因 a lot of , lots of, plenty of 只用于肯定句, 不用于否定句, 因此选B。
11. A classmate of _________ was here ten minutes ago.
A. you
B. your
C. your sister
D. your sister’s
解析: 此题考查名词的双重所有格.应选D。
12. A group of _________ are talking with two ___________.
A. Frenchmen, Germans
B. Germans ,Frenchmans
C. Frenchmans , Germen
D. Germen , Frenchmen
解析: Frenchman 是复合词,其复数形式为 Frenchmen; German 的复数为直接在单词末尾+S, 应选A.
team ________ having a meeting .
A. is
B. are
C. am
D. be
解析: team 是一个集合名词,即可表示复数意义(指整个小组) , 也可指小组中的成员(表示复数), 此题意为后者, 因此选B。
14. “Would you like _________” “________, please.”
A. drink, Three coffees
B. a cup of drink, Coffees
C. a drink, A coffee
D. a drink, Three cups of coffees
解析: drink 和coffee是不可数名词, 可以用…of来表示数量, eg, three cups of coffee, 当前面加a 时,则表示“一杯”．因此选C。
15. The Great Wall was made not only by _______, but also the flesh and blood of ________ men.
and stone, millions of B. earths and stones, millions
C. the earth and stone, million of
D. the earths and stones, millions 解析：earth 是不可数名词，因此删除B D,数以百万的应为millions of .
因此选A。
练习与巩固：熟能生巧，取得好成绩！
选择最佳答案：
1．Last night, there was a food accident. The _______ were ill, but no _______ were lost.
A. child, lives
B. children, life
C. children, lives
D. child, life
2. ---This is a photo of _________ when they were young.
---OK, how happy they both looked!
A. my father and mother
B. my mother and father's
C. my mother's and father's father's and my mother
3. The new student is in __________ , Grade Two.
A. Class Third
B. Third Class
C. Class Three
D. Three class
4. Today is September 10th. It's __________ Day. Let's go and buy some flowers for our teachers.
A. Teachers
B. Teachers'
C. the Teachers'
D. Teacher's
5. The market isn't far from here. It's only _________ bicycle ride.
an hours' B. half an hour's C. half an hour D. an hour and a half
6. --- What would you like to drink, girls
--- _________, please.
cup of coffee B. Two cups of coffe
C. Two cups of coffee
D. Two cups of coffees
7. During Christmas, people get together and sing Christmas songs for _________.
A. fun
B. wishes
C. interest
D. thanks
8. Some _________ are flying kites near the river.
A. child
B. boy
C. boys
D. childs
9. After the exam, we'll have________ holiday.
A. two weeks
B. two-weeks
C. two weeks'
D. two week's
10. They are those _________ put them on the bus.
A. visitor
B. visitors
C. visitor's
D. visitors'
How many workers are there in your factory
--- There are two ___________.
A. hundreds
B. hundred
C. hundred of
D. hundreds of
12. ---What do you think of the _______ the Moonlight Sonata by Beethoven
--- It sounds really wonderful.
A. subject
B. music
C. book
D. animal
13. There is not enough _________ in the corner for the fridge.
A. place
B. room
C. field
D. ground
14. _________ comes from sheep and some people like eating it
A. Wool
B. Pork
C. Mutton
D. Milk
15. If you don't take more ________, you'll get fat.
A. medicine
B. lessons
C. photos
D. exercise
16. My school is about twenty ________ walk from here.
A. minute
B. minutes'
C. minutes's
D. minutes
17. Mum, I have _______ to tell you!
A. a good news
B. some good news
C. some good newes
D. much good news
18. Which is the ________ to the post office
A. street
B. way
C. road
D. address
19. I stayed at ________ last Sunday.
A. my uncles
B. my uncles'
C. my uncle's
D. my uncle's family
20. Maths ________ not easy to learn.
A. are
B. is
C. am
D. were
1-5 CBCBB 6-10 CACCD 11-15 ABBCD 16-20 BBBCB
冠词
冠词分为不定冠词(a, an )和定冠词 (the)
一、不定冠词的用法
1)用与可数名词的单数形式前,指人或事物的某一种类：例如：
She is a girl.
Pass me an apple , please.
2)、指某人或某物,但不具体说明何人或何物。例如：
A boy is waiting for you
We work six days a week.
3). 表示“一”这个数量,但数的概念没有one 强烈.例如:
We are going to have an English lesson tomorrow.
I have a mouth , a nose, two eyes and two ears.
4). 用于某些固定的词组中.例如:
a few, a little, a lot of
注: 用a 还是an, 要看后面的词读音以辅音开头还是以元音开头.
二、定冠词的用法
1) 特指某(些)人或某(些)物.例如: the photo of the boy
2) 指双方都知道的人或物.例如:
-Where are the new books, Jim
- They are on the small table.
3) 指上文提过的人或物.例如:
Today he is making a machine.
He wants to ride the machine like a bike and fly it like a plane.
4). 用在世界上独一无二的事物前.例如:
The sun is bigger than the moon.
5). 用在序数词或形容词最高级前.例如:
The first truck is carrying a few baskets.
The third one is carrying the fewest of all.
6). 用在由普通名词构成的专有名词前.例如:
the Great Wall
the North Street Hospital
7). 用在一些习惯用语中.例如:
in the morning (afternoon, evening),
on the left(right)
at the end of
三、不用冠词的情况
1）在专有名词前和不可数名词前。例如：
China, Grade Two, Bill Smith, milk
2）名词前已有作定语用的this, that, my, your, some, any 等代词。例如： The letter is in her pocket.
I think the shop is closed at this time of day.
3）复数名词表示一类人或事物时。例如：
My father and mother are teachers.
I like cakes.
4）在星期、月份、季节、节日前。例如：
It is Sunday (Monday, Tuesday, etc.)
Today is Mid-Autumn Day.
It is cold in winter.
5）在称呼语或表示头衔的名词前。例如：
Uncle Wang likes making things.
What colour are Mrs Green’s shoes
6）在三餐饭和球类运动的名称前。例如：
He went to school after breakfast.
Can you play basketball
注：在某些固定词组中，如：at home, by bus, go to school 等的名词前不用冠词。
例题解析：举一反三，学的更轻松！
1. _______ milk is food. ________ milk in this cup has gone bad.
2. ---Do you like playing _________ football
---Yes. But I have only _________ basketball.
3. Do you know _______girl on ________another side of ________ lake
4. There’s ________ “u” and ________ “s” in ________work “use”.
5. She says ________animals cant’s live without __________air, either.
6. His father, who is ________honest man, is teaching in ________ university.
7. Which is heavier, ________elephant or ________ horse
8. ________ cold wind was blowing from the north.
9. He is always ready to help _________ old and ________ young.
10. ________ Greens are traveling in _________ South China.
11. Although ________ most of us like to drink beer, those who drink ________most are _______ least healthy.
saw _________ interesting film last night. ________ film was about _________ kind doctor.
13. You can have _________ second try if you fail _______ first time.
14. Tom went to _________ school as usual, but he didn’t know his father went to ________school for a parent meeting.
15. ________ knowledge begins with _________ practice.
解析：１．/, the (milk 是物质名词，一般不用冠词，但后面加上一个定语in the cup 后，使其成为特指，所以需要用定冠词the.)
2. / , the (球类运动前不用the ; 指一个物体要用不定冠词a )
3. the,/, the ( 特指这个女孩用the;名词前已有定语another;)
4. a, an, the (“u” 发音以辅音开头所以用a;“s” 发音以元音开头所以用an; 特指这个单词用the)
5. /,/ (泛指动物所以不用任何冠词; air 不可数名词，其前一般不用冠词)
6. an, the ( honest 发音以元音开头，故用an, 在大学里为in the university)
7. an, a 或the ,the ( 不定冠词a , an 和定冠词the与名词单数连用表示种类)
8. a (物质名词coffee, food, tea, fog, rain, snow, wind等，在表示“一种”或“一场”的意义时，前面要加不定冠词。
9. the, the ( 形容词前加定冠词，表示一类人)
10. The ,/ ( 姓氏的复数前加定冠词the 表示一家人；在华南是in South China)
11. /, the, the ( most当大多数讲时前面不用the；后两空均为形容词的最高级，前面要
加the)
12. a, the, a ( 第一空和第三空都指一个事物，第二空是特指前面提到的电影)
13. a, the (a second try 指的是第二次)
14./, the (go to school 去上学，go to the school 去那所学校)
15./,/ (具有单纯意义的物质名词或抽象名词前，一般不用冠词)
练习与巩固：熟能生巧，取得好成绩！
一、在空白处填入a / an 或the。
1. ---Mum, what shall we have for _______dinner
---Dumplings.
---Oh, what _______ wonderful dinner! I enjoy it very much.
2. _________ PLA was founded on __________August 1st,1927
3. _______ Kings came to us at _________ noon.
4. The scientists from ________ United States live in __________ Ninth Street.
5. The doctor to him, “Take ________ medicine twice ________day. Stay in _________ bed and you’ll be better soon.”
6. September 10th is ____________ Teachers’ Day.
7. Mr Black arrived here on __________ Tuesday morning.
8. There are four seasons in _______year. ________ first season is spring. It is __________ best one of __________ four.
9. Some people have been to _________moon, in _______ spaceship.
10. _______ China is _________ old country with _________ long history
答案
1. /, a
2. the, / , / 4. the, the 5. the, a, / 6. / 7. / 8. a, the ,the , the , / 10../,an,/ a
二、选择填空： A. / B. a C. an D. the
1.They are living ______happy life now.
2.______bag on ______desk is mine.
3.There is ______empty box on the table.
4.Do you like ______music of the film “Titanic”
5.On ______Saturday, I stay in ______bed till 12:00.
6.______Browns have been to China twice.
7.Don’t make any noise in ______clas s.
8.This is such ______interesting story that you must listen to it.
9.Next week they will go to Australia by ______air.
10.Which is bigger, ______sun or ______moon
Key: 1----5 BDCDA 6----10 DACAD
三、在空白处填入a / an或the。
1. This morning I bought _____ newspaper and _____ magazine. _______ newspaper is in my bag but I don’t know where I put ______ magazine.
2. I saw ______ accident this morning. ______ car crashed into ______ tree. ______ driver of ______ car wasn’t hurt but ______ car was badly damaged.
3. There are two cars parked outside: ______ blue one and _______ grey one. _______ blue one is my neighbour’s; I don’t know who ______ owner of _______ grey one is.
4. My friends live in _______ old house in _______ small village. There is _______ beautiful garden behind _______ house. I would like to have ______ garden like that. 1．a ,a, The the , a, a, The ,the, the 3. A, a, the the, the 4. an, a, a, the, a
代词
一、代词的分类英语中常把代词分为人称代词、无主代词、反身代词、指示代词、疑问代词、
连接代词、不定代词和相互代词。
二、代词的用法
1．人称代词：人称代词是指人的代词，有性、数、格的区别。表示“我” “你” “他”
“我们” “你们” “他们”。请看下表：
(1)人称代词主格在句中作主语。例如：She is my English teacher.
(2)宾格在句中作宾语。例如：They don’t want me to go there alone.
Don’t worry. I can look after her.
(3)宾格还可以作宾格。特别是在口语中。例如：--- Who’s that --- It’s me.注意：①人称代词we, you, they 可以用来表示一般人。例如：
You cannot go into the hall with slippers. 不准穿拖鞋进入大厅。
②人称代的主格作表语，一般都在正中的谈话中，表示强调。例如：
It was he who took away the necklace. 是他拿走了那条项链。
③人称代词she可以用指代祖国、大地、月亮、轮船等。例如：
The ship is leaving. She’s on her first trip to Boston. 轮船要起航了。这时她第一次去波士顿。
We love our country, we hope she’ll be stronger and stronger. 我们热爱我们的祖国，我们希望她越来越强大。
④It作为人称代词时，可以表示天气、距离、时间、环境等。例如：
It is about 10 kilometres from here. 离这儿大约有10公里。
⑤It 还可用作形式主语或形式宾语，来代替由不定式，动词的-ing,形式或主语从句构成的真正的主语或宾语，以避免句子头重脚轻。例如：
It is not easy to learn English well.
It is good for you taking a walk after supper.
I found it difficult to sleep.
⑥英语里当主语是并列的几个人时，人称代词的排列顺序和汉语不同， I 在最后，you 在最前；但是，当受到批评或时承认错误时正好相反，I 在最前， you在最后。例如：
You, he and I are all the winners.
I, Li lei and you are wrong. We should do more for the project.
2．物主代词：表示所有关系的代词叫物主代词。物主代词包括名词性物主代词和形容词性物主代词。
（1）形容词性物主代词在句中具有形容词的特征。在句中作定语，后面跟名词。例如：To our surprise, he has passed the exam.
(2) 名词性的物主代词具有名词的特征，在句中作主语、表语、宾语。例如：
May I use your bike Mine is at school. (作主语)
Whose glasses are these They are hers. ( 作表语)
My dictionary is lost. Can I use yours (作宾语)
(3) 名词性物主代词可以与of 连用，作定语。例如：A friend of ours are waiting for us.
3．反身带词：用来表示“某人自己”的代词称为反身代词。如下表所示：
（1）反身代词在句中常用宾语,主语或宾语的同位语。例如：
Her sister is too young to dress herself. (作宾语)
He himself is always making such mistakes. (主语同位语)
You’d better ask your wife herself. (宾语同位语)
(2)反身代词可与其他词构成固定搭配，例如：
make oneself at home, teach oneself, learn by oneself, help oneself to…,etc 4．指示代词：表示时间和空间远近关系的代词叫指示代词。见下表
指示代词可在句中作主语、宾语、表语、定语等。例如：
Those are my parents. ( 作主语)
Throw it like that. (作表语)
The toys little Tom likes are those in the basket. ( 作表语)
These pictures are drawn by an old blind man. ( 作定语)
注意：（1）前面刚刚提到过的东西，常用that, those 表示。例如：
I’m sorry to hear that.
( 2 )下文将要提到的事情，可用these, this 表示，起启下的作用。例如：
Tell the children to do like this: knock the stick into the earth first, then tie the tree to it.
5．疑问代词：用来构成特殊疑问句的代词叫疑问代词。常用的有：who, what, which, whose, whom，在句中常作主语、宾语、定语、表语。
作主语： What make you so happy
作宾语： Who / Whom is your manager talking with
在口语中，作宾语时 who和whom可以通用，但在介词后面只能用whom.
例如：
About whom they are talking just now
作定语： Which subject do you like best
作表语：What’s your mother.
6．相互代词：用于表示相互关系的代词。常用的有：each other, one another. 相互代词可以作宾语、定语。例如：
We should help each other.
The villagers have looked after one another these year.
相互代词后可以加’s,表示所有关系。例如：
We put the presents in each other’s stocking.
7．连接代词：用来连接宾语从句、表语从句、主语从句的代词叫连接代词。常用的有：what, which, who, whom whose, that例如：
I know what he said at the meeting.
The problem is who will mend it.
Could you tell me which is the way to the post office
8. 不定代词：不定代词没有确定的对象，常用的有：all, each, every, both, either, neither, one, none, little, few, many， much, other, another, some any, no以及由some, no, any, every 构成的复合词。
不定代词通常可以做主语、宾语、表语、定语，而none及含有some, an every 的合成代词不能做定语，no和every 只能做定语。
代词
many, few, a few修饰可数名词，much, little, a little修饰不可数名词。both, either, neither, each用于指两者，all, any, none, every, another用于指三者或三者以上。
例题解析：举一反三，学的更轻松！
1.This isn’t ______ pencil case. I left ______ at home.
A. my, mine
B. me, my
C. I, my
D. my, myself
解析：此类题主要用于考查学生对人称代词、物主代词和反身代词的掌握情况。要做好这类题，就必须熟练掌握这三类词的用法。应选A。
2.The English novel is quite easy for you. There are ______ new words in it.
A. a little
B. little
C. a few
D. few
解析：历年来中考始终将little, a little, few, a few作为一个重要考点，要做好
这类题，必须明确几点：（1）little, a little修饰或代替不可数名词；few, a few修饰或代替可数名词复数。（2）few, little 一般表示否定意义；a few, a little表示肯定意义。应选D。
3.------ Can I come this evening or tomorrow morning
------ ______ OK. I’m free today and tomorrow.
A. Either
B. Neither
C. Both
D. None
解析：此类题主要是针对each, every, both, all, either, neither, none等不定代词的考查。Both指两个人或物；all表示三者或三者以上“都”，它们都表示肯定意义，均与of连用，作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式，作定语修饰复数名词。all也可代替不可数名词或一个整体，这时谓语动词用单数形式，either指两者只任何一个，表肯定，表示三者或三者以上中的任何一个用any, neither是either的否定形式，表示两者都不是。应选A。
4.The population of China is much large than ______
A.this
解析：在比较级的句型中，经常用that指代前面提到过的不可数名词，用those指代可数名词的复数。选D。
5 . ------ When shall we meet again
------ Make it ______day you like. It’s all the same to me.
A. one
解析：any表示任何一个。选B。
He said ______ at the meeting and just sat there silently.
A. something
B. anything
C. nothing
D. everything
解析：此句的意思是“他在会上一言不发，只是静静地坐在那里。”根据句意，应选C。------ Do you know the lady ______ is interviewing our headmaster ------ Yes, she is a journalist from CCTV.
A. which
B. who
C. whom
D. whose
解析：先行词指人且在定语从句中作主语，所以应选B。
练习与巩固：熟能生巧，取得好成绩！
一、用适当的代词填空
Help ______ to some ice cream, girls.
He came up with an idea at last, the idea of ______ was very good.
Hurry, up, there’s ______ time left.
There is hardly ______ in the basket, it’s empty.
Lili and Coco don’t know ______ address. Lili has never been to Coco’s home and Coco has never been to Lily’s home, either.
He is ______ a kind friend that ______of us like him.
He have two English novels, but he has read ______ of them.
I don’t like the color of this jacket. Could you show me ______ one
You may take ______ of them, they’re both good.
Don’t worry. ______ goes well here.
二、选择最佳答案填空：
1. These two books are very interesting. You can choose _________ of them.
A. both
B. each
C. either
D. any
2. He had ________milk but_________ bread for breakfast.
A. many; few
B. much; little
C. few; much
D. little; many
3. Is there ________you want to say
A. something else
B. anything else
C. else anything
D. else something
4. A: _________ are you going to visit
B: I am going to visit the Palace Museum.
A. Where
B. What
C. Why
D. When
5. One should keep ________ promise.
A. one’s own
B. every
C. himself
D. herself
三、完成句子
1.There’s two apples here, you can take ______（任意一个）.
2.Lisa has two daughters. ______(没有一个喜欢)traveling.
3.______ (所有的)girls like singing.
4.To say is ______ (一回事), to do is ______ (另一回事).
5.They keep one black cat and ______ (两只黑的).
6.He has ______ (许多) money, but he has ______ (没有) friends.
7.Can she speak French ______ (只会一点).
8.______ (他们中很少有人) can talk in Chinese.
9.______ (没人) has been reached farther than the moon.
10.We looked at ______ (相互) in great surprise.
Key: 一、other’s ,all
二、CBBAA
三、 thing, another thing black ones lot of/much, no
little of them 9. No one /Nobody other
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英语数词表示数目或者顺序，可分为基数词和序数词。基数词表示数量，序数词表示顺序。
一、基数词的构成
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2．13—19的基数词以-teen结尾。如： fourteen，seventeen等，但13，15，18较特殊， 13—thirteen 15—fifteen 18—eighteen。
3．20—90的整十位均以-ty结尾。如： sixty，ninety，但20，30，40，50，80较特殊， 20—twenty 30—thirty 40—forty 50—fifty 80—eighty。
4．十位数与个位数之间要加连字符号“-”，如：28—twenty-eight，96—ninety-six。 5．百位和十位（若无十位则和个位）之间加and，如：148—one hundred and forty-eight
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初中英语语法综合练习题
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最新初中英语语法梳理和重点句型
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6. Tom was ____ill that we had to send for a doctor. A. so B. very C. and D. too 7. The woman was____ angry_____ she couldn't speak anything. A. neither…nor B. either…or C. both…and D. so…that 8. ______we got home it was very late. A. When B. While C. Because D. As 9. We heard clearly_____ she said. A. what B. which C. before D. because 10. I can't sleep well at night, ______I often feel very tired in the day. A. so B. because C. and D. or 11. When you're learning a foreign language, use it, ______ you will lose it.
(完整版)人教版初中英语语法和知识点总结以及练习题
初一至初三全程英语知识点总结及练习 初一年级(上) 【知识梳理】 I. 重点短语 1. Sit down 2. on duty 3. in English 4. have a seat 5. at home 6. look like 7. look at 8. have a look 9. come on 10. at work 11. at school 12. put on 13. look after 14. get up 15. go shopping II. 重要句型 1. help sb. do sth. 2. What about ?? 3. Let's do sth. 4. It's time to do sth. 5. It's time for ? 6. What's ?? It is ?/ It's ? 7. Where is ?? It's ?. 8. How old are you? I'm ?. 9. What class are you in? I'm in ?. 10. Welcome to ?. 【名师讲解】 1.in/on 在表示空间位置时， in 表示在某个空间 的范围以内， 例如： There is a bird in the tree. 树上有只鸟。 2. this/that/these/those (1) this 常常用来指在时间、地点上更接近讲话 人的人和事， 时间、地点上离讲话人更远一点的 人和事， look in that one over there. 11. What's ?plus ?? It's ?. 12. I think ? 13. Who's this? This is ?. 14. What can you see ？ I can see ?. 15. There is (are) ?. 16. What color is it (are they)? It's (They're) ? 17. Whose ?is this? It's ?. 18. What time is it? It's ?. III. 交际用语 1. Good morning, Miss/Mr ?. 2. Hello! Hi! 3. Nice to meet you. Nice to meet you, too. 4. How are you? I'm fine, thank you/thanks. And you? 5. See you. See you later. 6. Thank you! You're welcome. 7. Goodbye! Bye! 8. What's your name? My name is ?. 9. Here you are. This way, please. 10. Who's on duty today? 11. Let's do. 12. Let me see. IV. 重要语法 those 时 that 的复数形式。 你看看这个盒子，我去看那边的那个盒 子。 on 表示在某一个物体的表面之上。 There is a picture on the wall. 墙上有张图。 these 是 this 的复数形式。 that 常常用来指在 例如： You look in this box and I'll
整理初中英语语法综合练习题有答案
初中英语语法综合练习题 1、The boy likes questions. A．ask B．answer C．to ask 2、We'll try there on time. A．to get B．getting C．got 3、They hoped their mother soon. A．to see B．saw C．seeing 4、I'm glad you again. A．meet B．met C．to meet 5、He often helps me my bike. A．mending B．to mend C．to mended 6、I heard Alice in the next door. A．sings B．sang C．sing 7、The work is easy. Let him it by himself. A．do B．to do C．doing
8、He saw Dick in and take a book away. A．came B．coming C．come 9、Does Jack want a writer? A．be B．is C．to be 10、The boss had them from morning to night. A．worked B．working C．work 11、It's time home. A．to go B．went C．going 12、Tom is kind. He would like you. A．to help B．help C．helped 13、Don't forget your books to school. A．bring B．to bring C．brought 14、I don't know . A．where does he live B．what is he doing C．where he lives D．what he is dring it
初中英语语法：句型的讲解
初中英语语法：句型的讲解句型的讲解: 1,肯定句:就是句子中没有not和问号的句子. 例如:He has a book. 2,否定句就是句子中有not的句子. 例如:He is not a good boy. 3,一般疑问句就是在答语中有yes,或者no的问句 例如:Is he a good boy. 4,特殊疑问句就是答语没有yes,或者no的句子. 例如:What’s your name ? 5.感叹句就是有感叹号的句子,一般以what或者how开头.例如:What a nice boy! It is a good boy ----What a good boy ! The girl is tall.----How tall the girl is ! 6.祈使句就是以动词开头的句子. 例如:Open the book ,please 句型转换: 肯定句变成否定句, 1,在句中有be的时候,在be的后面加not.
He is a good boy. ---He is not a good boy. 2,在句中有can等的情态动词的时候,在can的后面加not. He can play football---He can not play football. 3,在句中没有be和can的时候,在句子的最前面加do,does(现单三) He plays football---He doesn’t play football. I play football---I don’t play football. 肯定句变成一般疑问句 1,在句中有be的时候,把be放在句子的最前面,其他的不变 He is a good boy.---Is he a good boy? 2,在句中有can等的情态动词的时候,把can放在句子的最前面,其他的不变. He can play football.---Can he play football? 3,在句中没有be和can的时候,把do,does(现单三)放在句子的最前面,其他的不变.动词变成原形. He plays football.-----Does he play football? They play football.---Do they play football?
初中英语语法大全汇总
初中英语语法大全汇总 （一） 一.词类(Parts of Speech) 名词英文名称The Noun(缩写为n.) 表示人或事物的名称例词boy,clock,book等 冠词英文名称The Article(缩写为art.) 用在名词前帮助说明名词所指的人和或事物。例词a(an),the 代词英文名称The Pronoun(缩写为pron) 用来代替名词、形容词或是数词例词we,that,his,what 形容词英文名称The Adjective(缩写为adj.) 用以修饰名词,表示人或事物的特征 例词old,red,fine,good. 数词英文名称The Numeral(缩写为num.) 表示数量或是顺序。例词one,thirteen first 动词英文名称The Verb(缩写为v.) 表示动作或状态。例词sit,go,be(am,is,are) 副词英文名称The Adverb(缩写为adv.) 修饰动词、形容词或其他副词。例词not too,here,very 介词英文单词The Preposition(缩写为prep.) 表示名词、代词等和句中其他词的关系。例词in,on,of,to,under. 连词英文单词The Conjunction(缩写为conj.) 用来连接词与词、短语与短语或句与句。例词and,or,but. 感叹词英文单词The Interjection(缩写为interj.) 表示说话时的喜悦、惊讶等情感。例词oh,hello,hi,er. 二.名词(Nouns) 1.总的说来,名词分专有名词和普通名词两类。 专有名词: 表示具体的人,事物,地点或机构的专有名称。 Lucy China 中国Asia 亚洲Beijing 北京。 专有名词的第一个字母要大写。 普通名词: 表示某些人,某类事物,某种物质或抽象概念的名称。例如: teacher 老师tea 茶reform 改革 普通名词又可进一步分为四类 1) 个体名称: 表示单个的人和事物。 house 马car 汽车room 房间apple 苹果fun 风扇picture 照片 2) 集体名称: 表示一群人或一些事物的名称。 people 人们family 家庭army 军队government 政府group 集团 3) 物质名词:表示物质或不具备确定形状和大小的个体的物质。 fire 火steel 钢air 空气water 水milk 牛奶 4)抽象名词:表示动作,状态,品质或其他抽象概念。 labour 劳动health 健康life 生活friendship友情patience耐力 2.名词按其所表现的事物的性质分为可数名词和不可数名词。 可数名词(Countable Nouns)有复数形式,如: an apple two apples a car some cars 不可数名词(Uncountable Nouns)一般没有复数形式. 抽象名词, 物质名词和专有名词一般是不可数名词。 sand 沙sugar 糖 有少数名词即可作可数名词,也可作不可数名词,但含义不同。 glass 玻璃glass 玻璃杯paper 纸paper 报纸,文件 名词的功能 名词在句中作主语, 宾语,介词宾语,宾语补助语,表语以及名词短语作状语。 The bag is in the desk. bag 作主语。 书包在桌子里边。 I washed my clothes yesterday. clothes 作宾语。 昨天我洗了我的衣服。
初中英语语法总结(完整)
英语时态讲解 【注】构成时态的助动词be (is, am, are), have (has), shall, will 等需根据主语的变化来选择。时态是英语中一个重要的语法范畴，它表示不同时间发生的动作或存在的状态以及动作发生或存在的方式。动作发生的时间可分为现在、过去、将来和过去将来四种形式，动作发生的方式可分为一般、完成、进行和完成进行四种形式。将时间形式和动作方式结合起来，就构成了以下 英语的时态是靠动词的变化和时间状语来表达的。英语中的时态共有十六种，但是常考的或较常用的只有9种。要掌握英语的时态和语态，必须掌握好英语中的助动词(do, be, have)和时间状语这两个核心问题。 1、一般现在时 主要用来表示人、事物的现在状况和特点；表示经常或习惯性的动作，句子中常有often, always, from time to time 等时间状语；表示客观规律和永恒真理等。 H e usually goes to work at 7 o’clock every morning. 他每天7点上班。 2、现在进行时 表说话时或目前一段时间内正在进行的活动：或表感情色彩，加强语气。与频率副词，如always，constantly，continually，again等连用表示说话人的某种感情色彩（赞叹、厌烦、埋怨等）。 We are having English class.
我们正在上英语课。 3、现在完成时 表示动作发生在过去，完成在过去，但强调与现在情况仍有联系，其结果或影响仍存在。 They have lived in Beijing for five years. 他们在北京已经住了5年了。 4．一般过去时 表在过去某个特定时间发生且完成的动作，或过去习惯性动作，不强调对现在的影响，只说明过去。常跟明确的过去时间连用，如：yesterday; last week; in 1945, at that time; once; during the war; before; a few days ago; He used to smoke a lot. 他过去抽烟比较厉害。 5. 过去进行时 表示过去某个时间点或某段时间内正在发生的动作。 Beijing was hosting the 29th Olympic Games in August 2008. 在2008年8月，北京正在举行29届奥运会。 6. 过去完成时 表示过去某个时间之前已经完成的动作，即过去完成时的动作发生在“过去的过去”，句中有明显的参照动作或时间状语，这种时态从来不孤立使用( before, after, by, up till ) They finished earlier than we had expected. 他们提前完成了（工作）。 7. 一般将来时 表在将来某个时间会发生的动作或情况。常和tomorrow, next year, in 2008等表示将来的时间状语连用。 I am leaving for Beijing tomorrow. 我明天就要离开北京。 8、将来进行时 表将来某个时间正在发生的动作，或按计划一定会发生的事情。 I’ll be doing my homework this time tomorrow. 明天这会我正在写作业。 9、将来完成时 表在将来某时刻之前业已完成的事情，时间状语非常明显。常用的时间状语一般用by+将来的时间。如：by the end of this year, by 8 o’clock this evening, by March next year以及由by the time…, before或when等引导的副词从句。 By the end of next month, he will have traveled 1000 miles on foot. 到下个月底，他步行将达到1000英里。 英语共有十六个时态、四个体。（注：四个体为——一般、进行、完成、完成进行。） 英语中的四个体相当于法语、西班牙语以及所有印欧语系罗曼语族中的式，如：直陈式，命令式等。
初中英语语法大全：英语五个基本句型
初中英语语法大全：英语五个基本句型1简单句、并列句、复合句 根据语法形式，即句子的结构，英语的句子可分为简单句、并列句和复合句。 1简单句 句型：主语+谓语 只包含一个主谓结构，而句子的各个结构都只由单词或短语表示。简单句有五种基本句型，详见第十七章。 They are playing baseball in the garden. 他们正在公园里打棒球。 Her brother and sister both are teachers. 她的哥哥和姐姐都是老师。 2并列句 句型：简单句+并列连词+简单句 （常见的并列连词有and，but，or） 并列句是由两个或两个以上的简单句连接而成。并列句中的各简单句意义同等重要，相互之间没有从属关系，是平行并列的关系。它们之间用连词连结。 My friend was at home，and we talked for along time. 我的朋友在家，我们谈了好长时间。 Her father is a doctor and her mother is a teacher.
她父亲是个医生，她母亲是个老师。I liked the story very much but Li Ming wasn't interested in it.我非常喜欢这个故事，可是李明却对它不感兴趣。 Hurry up，or you'll be late. 快点，否则你就会迟到的。 3复合句 句型：主句+连词+从句；或连词+从句+主句（包含一个主句、一个或一个以上的从句，或只包含一个从句，但有两个或两个以上的主句的句子叫复合句。） 句子的成分 组成句子的各个部分叫做句子的成分。句子成分包括：主语、谓语、表语、宾语（直接宾语、间接宾语）、宾语补足语、定语和状语。主语和谓语是句子主体部分（在英文中一般的句子必须有主语和谓语）。表语、宾语和宾语补足语是谓语里的组成部分。其他成分如定语和状语是句子的次要部分。下面我们分别讲述一下句子的各个成分： 1主语 主语是谓语讲述的对象，表示所说的“是什么”或“是谁”。一般由名词、代词、不定式或相当于名词的词或短语来充当。它在句首。 We study in No.1 Middle School.（讲述“谁”～） 我们在一中学习。 The classroom is very clean. （讲述“什么”很干净） 这间教室很干净。 Three were absent.（数词作主语）
初中英语语法综合练习
初中英语语法梳理和提高23综合练习 2009-06-11 09:57:29 来源：英语教师网网友评论0条初中英语语法梳理和提高23综合练习综合练习一、用所给词的适当形式填空： 1.Please make ______for my bike.(room) 2.The beautiful scenery of Qingdao ______a large number of people to visit every year.(attract) 3.Our room is on the eleventh floor. What about ______? (you) 4.Summer is the ______ season of the year. (hot) 5.We must ______our classroom clean and tidy every day.(keep) 6. ______of Chinese are looking for ways to learn English well before Beijing 2008 Olympic.(thousand) 7.The book is rather interesting. It's ______reading again.（worth）8.Thank you for ______me your dictionary. I'll return it to you soon.(lend) 9.Hard work brings ______.(successful) 10.We should do something to stop waste water from ______rivers and seas.（pollute）11.The old man put on his sweater and ______out alone.(go) 12.One of the ______comes from South Africa.（science）13.I think I can do ______in French this year than last year. （well） 14.After three ______study, we worked out the physics
初中英语语法知识点整理总结-代词
代词： 英语中代词有人称代词、物主代词、反身代词、指示代词、疑问代词、关系代词、不定代词。 一）.人称代词： 1、主格用来做句子的主语、表语。 如：I often go shopping on Sundays.(星期天我常去购物) Are they from Brazil?(他们是巴西人吗？) That’s it.(就那么回事) / It’s he!(是他！) 2、宾格用来做及物动词或者介词的宾语 如：Who teaches you English this year?(今年谁教你们的英语？) Help me!(救救我！) / We often write letters to her.(我们常给他写信) 3、人称代词作表语或者放在比较状语从句连词than或as之后时,可以用主格形式,也可以用宾格形式,口语中大多用宾格。如：–It’s I/me.(是我。) 三个不同人称同时出现,或者主语中包含“我”时,按照“you→he→I”的顺序表达。 如：Both he and I are working at that computer company.(我和他都在那家电脑公司上班) –Who will go there?(谁要去那儿？) –You and me.(你和我) 4、人称代词it除了可以指人指物之外,还可以表示“时间、天气、温度、距离、情况”等含义,此外还可以作“非人称代词”使用,替代作主语或者宾语的不定式、动名词或者名词性
从句。 如：--What’s the weather like today?(今天天气怎样？)—It’s fine.(天气晴好) / --What’s the time?(几点啦？) –It’s 12：00.(12点) It’s a long way to go.(那可要走好长的路) / It took him three days to clean his house. It is very clear that the public want to know when these men can go into space.(很显然,公众想知道这些人什么时候能进入太空) We found it very difficult to learn a foreign language well.(我们发觉要学好一门外语是非常困难的) 二）.物主代词： 1、形容词性物主代词只能作句子中名词的修饰语,后面要跟名词。 如：Is that your umbrella?(那是你的伞吗？) / I often go to see my aunt on Sundays. 2、名词性物主代词相当于名词,既代替事物又表明所属关系,在句子中往往独立地作主语、宾语或者表语,后面千万不可以跟名词。 如：This is your cup, but where is mine?(这是你的杯子,可我的在哪儿？) Your classroom is very big, but ours is rather small.(你们教室很大,我们的相当小) 3、“of + 名词性物主代词”称为双重所有格,作定语时放在名词的后面。如： A friend of mine came to see me yesterday.(我的一个朋友昨天来看我了) (指若干朋友中有一个。) [试比较] My friend came to see me yesterday.(我的朋友昨天来看我了)(指我的那个特定的朋友)