青岛市高三统一一模真题带答案
2016年青岛市高三统一质量检测
理科综合能力测试
本试卷分第I卷(选择题)和第Ⅱ卷(非选择题)两部分。第I卷1至5页，第Ⅱ卷6至16页，共300分。考试时间150分钟。
考生注意：
1．答题前，考生务必将自己的准考证号、姓名填写在答题卡上。考生要认真核对答题卡上粘贴的条形码的“准考证号、姓名、考试科目”与考生本人准考证号、姓名是否一致。
2．第I卷每小题选出答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑，如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号，第Ⅱ卷用黑色墨水签字笔在答题卡上书写作答，在试题卷上作答，答案无效。
3．考试结束，监考员将答题卡收回。
可能用到的相对原子质量：H 1 N 14 O 16 Na 23 S 32 Fe 56
第I卷(选择题共126分)
本卷共21小题，每小题6分，共126分。
一、选择题：本题共13小题，每小题6分。在每小题给出的四个选项中。只有一项是符合题目要求的。
1．下列关于细胞结构和功能的说法，错误的是
A．植物细胞“生命系统的边界”是细胞膜
B．胃蛋白酶分泌到消化道内不需要载体蛋白
C．胰岛B细胞分泌胰岛素的过程中一定会发生膜的融合
D．经核糖体合成到达细胞膜的膜蛋白必须经过高尔基体的加工和包装
2．下列关于基因表达的叙述，正确的是
A．T细胞受病毒刺激后有特定mRNA的合成
B．线粒体、叶绿体和核糖体中均存在A-T和U-A的配对方式
C．转运20种氨基酸的tRNA总共有64种
D．基因的两条链可分别作模板进行转录，以提高蛋白质合成的效率
3．下列有关实验的描述，正确的是
A．鉴定还原糖的实验中，刚加入斐林试剂时组织样液呈无色，加热后变成砖红色B．在观察口腔上皮细胞DNA和RNA分布时，盐酸的作用是对该细胞进行解离
C．选取经低温诱导的洋葱根尖制成的临时装片，在显微镜下观察不到联会现象
D．探究温度对酶活性的影响时，将酶与底物溶液混合后置于不同温度下保温
4．下列有关遗传和变异的叙述，正确的是
A．基因重组可以产生新的性状，但不能改变基因频率
B．一对表现正常的夫妇生一患某遗传病的孩子，正常情况下母方是致病基因的携带者C．花药离体培养过程中，基因突变、基因重组、染色体变异均有可能发生
D．基因型为AAbb和aaBB的个体杂交，F2双显性性状中能稳定遗传的个体占1／16 5．下列关于人体内环境稳态及调节的叙述，错误的是
A．血浆和组织液都有运输激素的作用
B．内环境稳态是指内环境的温度、PH、渗透压保持相对稳定
C．兴奋沿反射弧的传递过程离不开内环境
D．神经元细胞膜内心外流是形成静息电位的基础
6．用不同浓度的生长素类似物溶液处理某植物插条使其生根，结果如下表。下列叙述错误的是
A．实验中用于扦插的枝条可能带有芽或幼叶
B．根据实验结果无法比较a、b、c浓度的大小
C．实验结果表明促进插条生根的最适浓度在a和c之间
D．该生长素类似物对根的生理作用具有两重性
7．漆器是中华民族传统工艺的瑰宝，常以木材(炭)、金属为胎骨，在胎骨上层层髹红漆。漆的主要成分是含有15或17个碳原子的烷基邻苯二酚。下列说法不正确的是
A．收藏漆器工艺品应注意避免阳光暴晒
B．“钻石恒久远，一颗永流传”中的钻石和漆器中的木炭均由碳元素组成
C．铜做胎骨的漆器，掉漆后长时间放置，铜的表面仍能保持光亮
D．漆的烷基部分碳原子数越多越难溶于水
8．N A代表阿伏加德罗常数，下列说法正确的是
A．3.36 LNO2与水充分反应转移的电子数目为0.1N A
B．4.0 gH218O与D2O的混合物中所含中子数为2N A
C．50 g质量分数为68％的H2O2的水溶液中含氧原子数为2N A
D．常温下，l L0.1 mol·L-1的硝酸铵溶液中氮原子数目小于0.2N A
9．某羧酸酯的分子式为C8H16O2，l mol该酯完全水解可得到1 mol A和l mol乙醇，则A 的结构有(不含立体异构)
A．5种B．6种C．7种D．8种
10．用下列装置进行相关实验，不能达到目的的是
A．可用甲装置来探究SO2的漂白性
B．可用乙装置验证HCl气体极易溶于水
C．用图示的方法可以检查丙装置的气密性
D．可用丁装置测量铜与稀硝酸反应生成气体的体积
11．随着原子序数的递增，五种短周期元素原子半径的相对大小和最高正价或最低负价如图所示。下列说法不正确的是
A．X2W能与WY2反应生成W
B．气态氢化物的稳定性：W>Q
C．Y分别与其它四种元素均可形成至少两种以上化合物
D．Y、Z、Q三种元素组成化合物的水溶液可能呈中性，也可能呈碱性
12．制备新型高效水处理剂高铁酸钠(Na2FeO4)的主要反应为：2FeSO4+aNa2O2== 2Na2FeO4+2Na2O+2Na2SO4+bX。下列说法中正确的是
A．该反应中X物质为O2
B．反应物Na2O2只做氧化剂
C．该反应中发生氧化反应的过程只有FeSO4→Na2FeO4
D．每生成lmol Na2FeO4，反应过程中转移4 mol e－
13．常温下，取浓度均为0.0l mol·L-1的HA溶液和MOH
溶液各20mL，分别用0.01mol·L-1NaOH溶液、0.0l mol·L-1
盐酸进行中和滴定，滴定过程中pH随滴加溶液的体积
变化关系如右图所示。下列说法正确的是
A．HA和MOH均为弱电解质
B．曲线a中，滴加溶液到20 mL时：c(Cl－)=c(M+)=c(OH－)=c(H+) C．曲线b中，滴加溶液到20 mL时：c(Na+)>c(A－)>c(OH－)>c(H+) D．曲线b中，滴加溶液到l0 mL时：c(A－)+c(OH－)=c(H+)+c(HA)
二、选择题：本题共8小题。每小题6分。在每小题给出的四个选项中，第14～18题只有一项符合题目要求。第19~21题有多项符合题目要求。全部选对的得6分，选对但不全的得3分，有选错的得0分。
14．在同一平面内有四根彼此绝缘的通电直导线，如图所示，四根
导线中的电流大小关系为i l=i2 点(O点为四根导线所围矩形的中心)的磁感应强度减为最弱 A．切断i l B．切断i2C．切断i3D．切断i4 15．如图所示，斜面上放有两个完全相同的物体A、B，两物体间用两根相同轻杆连接，轻杆通过铰链相连，在铰链上加一与斜面垂直的拉力F，使两物体均处于静止状态。则下列说法正确的 A．A受到沿斜面向上的摩擦力，B受到沿斜面向下的摩擦力 B．A、B两物体受到力的个数一定相同 C．A、B两物体对斜面的压力一定相同 D．当逐渐增大拉力F时，物体B先开始滑动 16．在平直公路上行驶的a车和b车，其位移-时间图象分别为图中直线a和曲线b，由图可知 A．b车运动方向始终不变 B．在t1时刻a车与b车速度相同 C．t1到t3时间内a车与b车的平均速度相等 D．t1到t2时间内有一时刻两车的速度相同 17．如图所示，实线表示等量异种电荷的等势线，过O点的虚线MN与等势线垂直，两个相同的带正电的粒子分别从A、B两点以相同的初速度v0开始运动，速度方向水平向右，且都能从PQ左侧经过O点，AB连线与PQ平行。设粒子在A、B两点的加速度大小分别为a l和a2，电势能分别为E pl和E p2，通过O点时的速度大小分别为v l和v2。粒子的重力不计，则 A．A点的电势大于B点的电势 B．a l < a2 C．E pl> E p2 D．v l< v2 18．2016年2月11日，美国科学家宣布探测到引力波的存在，引力波的发现将为人类探索宇宙提供新视角，这是一个划时代的发现。在如图所示的双星系统中，A、B两个恒星靠着相互之间的引力正在做匀速圆周运动，已知恒星A的质量为太阳质量的29倍，恒星B的质量为太阳质量的36倍，两星之间的距离L=2×105m，太阳质量M=2×1030Kg，万有引力常量G=6.67×10-11N·m2／kg2。若两星在环绕过程中会辐射出引力波，该引力波的频率与两星做圆周运动的频率具有相同的数量级，则根据题目所给信息估算该引力波频率的数量级是 A．102Hz B．104Hz C．106Hz D．108Hz 19．如图所示，一理想变压器原、副线圈匝数之比为5：l，原线圈与一可变电阻R0串联后，接入一正弦交流电源；副线圈电路中固定电阻的阻值为R1，负载电阻的阻值R2=7R1，电路中所连接的电流表是理想电流表。现保持变压器输入电流不变，将负载电阻的阻值减少为R2=5R1，此时电流表读数为5.0A，则 A．此时流过原线圈的电流最大值约为1.7A B．此时流过原线圈的电流最大值约为1.2A C．原先电流表的示数为0.75A D．原先电流表的示数为5.25A θ=的光滑斜面体固定在水平面上，斜面长度L=0.8m，一质量20．如图所示，倾角30o m=l×10-3Kg、带电量q=+1×104C的带电小球静止在斜面底端。现要使小球能够到达斜面顶端，可施加一沿斜面向上、场强大小为E=100V／m的匀强电 场，重力加速度g=10m／s2，则这个匀强电场存在的时间t可能 为 A．0.5s B．0.4s C．0.3s D．0.2s 21．如图所示，光滑水平面上放置一平行金属导轨，其左端与平行板电容器C相连，一金属棒垂直金属导轨放置，整个装置处于垂直导轨平面向上 的匀强磁场中。现对金属棒施加一水平向右的恒力F作用， 使金属棒由静止开始运动，不计导轨及金属棒的电阻，则下 面关于金属棒运动的速度v、加速度a、电容器两板间的电 势差U、极板所带电量Q随时间t变化关系图象中，正确 的是 第II卷(非选择题共174分) 三、非选择题：包括必考题和选考题两部分。第22题~第32题为必考题，每个试题考生都必须做答。第33题～第40题为选考题。考生根据需求做答。 (一)必考题(共129分) 22．(7分)某实验小组在实验室中利用图甲所示实验装置来探究合力做功与物体动能变化的关系。实验步骤如下： ①将木板固定在水平桌面上，一端装上定滑轮，木板上放置一质量M=200g的滑块，左端与穿过电磁打点计时器的纸带相连； ②将左端适当垫高，给滑块一个初速度，滑块恰好能做匀速直线运动； ③滑块右端通过跨过定滑轮的细线与质量m=l0g的砝码连接，实验中用砝码的重力代替 小车受到的拉力。接通电源，释放砝码，滑块开始运动，打点计时器打出纸带的一部分如图乙所示，0、l……5、6为计数点，每相邻两计数点间还有四个点未画出。已知打点计时器使用的交流电源的频率为50 Hz，当地的重力加速度g=9.8m／s2，所有运算结果均保留两位有效数字。 (1)滑块打点1时的动能为______J；打点5时的动能为_____J (2)在从点l运动到点5过程中拉力所做的功W=_____J (3)通过计算，发现拉力所做的功____(填“大于”、“小于”或者“等于”)滑块动能的增加，原因是________________________________。 23．(8分)某同学设计了如图甲所示的电路来测量电源电动势E、内阻r和定值电阻R l的阻值。实验器材有：待测电源E，待测电阻R1，电流表A(量程0.6A，内阻很小)，电阻箱R(0—99.99 )，单刀单掷开关S1，单刀双掷开关S2，导线若干。 (1)先测定值电阻R1的阻值。请将该同学的操作补充完整： A．闭合S1，将S2切换到a，读出电流表的示数记为I0； B．将S2切换到b，_____________，读出此时电阻箱的示数记为R o； C．则电阻R1=_______________ (2)该同学继续测电源电动势E和内阻r的阻值。做法是：闭合S1，将S2切换到b，调节电阻箱，读出多组电阻箱示数R和对应的电流表示数I，根据测得的数据，绘出了如图乙 所示的图线1 R I -，则电源电动势E=___V，内阻r=______Ω(结果均保留两位有效数字)。 24．(12分)如图甲所示，在水平桌面上有一质量为m1的物块A，桌面的左端安装一个光滑的定滑轮，物块A通过轻绳绕过定滑轮与放在水平地面上质量为m2的物块B相连，物块B距离滑轮的高度为h0。现在物块A上施加一个水平向右的恒力F，使A由静止开始水平向右运动。规定桌面为零势能面，B物块的机械能E B随上升高度h的变化规律如图乙所示。已知A物块与桌面的动摩擦因数为μ，物块可看做质点，求： (1)E 1和E2的数值； (2)恒力F的大小。 25．(20分)如图所示，在平面直角坐标系xOy平面内， 直角三角形abc的直角边ab长为6d，与y轴重合， ∠bac=30°，中位线OM与x轴重合，三角形内有垂 直纸面向里的匀强磁场。在第一象限内，有方向沿y 轴正向的匀强电场，场强大小E与匀强磁场磁感应强度B的大小间满足E=v0B。在x=3d的N点处，垂直于x轴放置一平面荧光屏。电子束以相同的初速度v0从y轴上-3d≤y≤0的范围内垂直于y轴向左射入磁场，其中从y轴上y=-2d处射入的电子，经磁场偏转后，恰好经过O点。电子质量为m，电量为e，电子间的相互作用及重力不计。求： (1)匀强磁场的磁感应强度B； (2)电子束从y轴正半轴上射入电场时的纵坐标y的范围； (3)荧光屏上发光点距N点的最远距离D m。 26．(15分)亚硝酸钠(NaNO2)在肉类制品加工中常用作发色剂，防腐剂。某活动小组在实验室中利用Na2O2+2NO=2NaNO2反应来制备亚硝酸钠，装置如下图所示(部分夹持装置略去)。 已知：①3NaNO2+3HCl=3NaCl+HNO3+2NO↑+H2O；②酸性条件下，NO或NO2－都能与MnO4－反应生成NO3－和Mn2+。 具体操作：如图连接装置，检验气密性后，装入药品。实验开始前先通入常见气体X 一段时间，然后关闭弹簧夹，再滴加浓硝酸，加热控制B中导管均匀地产生气泡，直至E 中淡黄色粉末完全变为白色固体。 (1)气体X的化学式为_____________，其作用是___________。 (2)上述装置中，仪器C的作用是________。B中观察到的主要现象是____________。 (3)该活动小组制取的NaNO2产品不纯，杂质为_________(填化学式)；为提高产品的纯度，对上述实验装置进行的改进是_____________。 (4)请设计实验证明产品中含有NO2－__________(简述实验操作、现象和结论)。 (5)称取该小组产品4.5 g溶于水配成500mL溶液，取50mL溶液于锥形瓶中，用0.1000 mol·L-1的酸性KMnO4溶液进行滴定，实验数据如下表所示： 第一组实验数据出现异常，造成这种异常的原因可能是_________(填字母)。 a．酸式滴定管未用标准液润洗 b．锥形瓶用水洗净后又用待测液润洗 c．滴定前仰视读数，滴定终点平视读数 d．滴定结束后滴定管尖嘴处仍悬有液滴 根据表中数据，计算产品中亚硝酸钠的质量分数_________。 27．(14分)在印染工业中，连二亚硫酸钠(Na2S2O4)因能使染好的布褪色，而使布能重新染色，故而俗称保险粉，其可溶于水，但不溶于甲醇。工业制备流程如下： 请回答下列问题： (1)流程①步骤中需在耐高温的坩埚中进行，常用来制做耐高温坩埚的金属氧化物化学式为_____________。 的锌粉(粒度表示晶(2)向锌液中鼓入M气体，使液态锌雾化，冷却得到粒度约为180m 体或固体颗粒平均大小程度的数值)。若气体M为常见的化合物，则M的电子式为______。分散系A为_______(填“溶液”“胶体”或“悬浊液”)。 (3)流程②步骤中的化学方程式为___________________。 (4)流程③步骤中加入NaCl固体的作用为_______。过滤后用_____洗涤、干燥后可以得到纯净的保险粉。 (5)将等体积0.04 mo1·L-1AgNO3溶液和0.02 mol·L-1碱性Na2S2O4溶液混合，两者恰好完全反应，反应后溶液中有纳米级的银粉生成，写出反应的离子方程式____________。28．(14分)草酸(H2C2O4)广泛存在于食品中，人们对其及相关产品进行了深入研究。(1)已知反应：H2C2O4 (1)=H2O(g)+CO(g)+CO2(g) △H=+340kJ·mol-1，为了使草酸分解，通过CO燃烧反应提供能量：2CO(g)+O2(g)=2CO2(g)△H=-566 kJ·mol-1，空气中氧气的体积分数为0.20，则分解的草酸与所需空气的物质的量之比为___________。 (2)草酸分解生成的CO燃料燃烧不足以提供足够的能量，还可通过甲烷来制备燃料： CH4(g)+CO2(g)?2CO(g)+2H2(g) △H >O。常温下，在2 L的密闭容器中通入4 mol CH4气体 和6 mol CO2气体发生反应，5min后达到平衡，测得CO气体的浓度为0.1 mol·L-1。 ①达平衡时，该反应的平均反应速率用CO2表示，v(CO2)=__________。 ②在不改变反应混合物用量的前提下，为了提高CH4气体的转化率，可采取的措施是________________________。 (3)电解饱和草酸溶液可以制得高档香料乙醛酸 (H2C2O3)，装置如右图所示，写出复合膜电极的电 极反应式________________。 (4)已知草酸为二元酸(K1=6×10-2，K2=6×10-5)，是 一种温和的还原剂。 ①通过计算判断中和反应2Fe(OH)3(s)+3H2C2O4?2Fe3++6H2O+3C2O42-在常温下能否发生________。(已知：Ksp[Fe(OH)3]=1×10-39；66=4.67×104) ②在K3Fe(C2O4)3溶液中存在：[Fe(C2O4)3]3-?Fe3++3C2O42-，常温下，已 知该溶液中[Fe(C2O4)3]3-的浓度与温度的关系如右图，则A点的 c(Fe3+)____B点的c(Fe3+) (填“<”“>”或“=”)；其他条件不变，向 K3Fe(C2O4)3溶液中加入少量KMnO4固体，Fe3+的浓度______(填“增大” “减小”或“不变”)。 29．(9分) 研究小组将生长状况相似的菠菜幼苗均分为A、B两组进行实验探究，A组培养在完全培养液中，B组培养在缺Mg2+的培养液中，其他条件相同且适宜。一段时间后，持续提供14C标记的CO2进行光合作用，然后检测并比较14C标记的有机化合物的量。请回答下列问题。 (1)该实验的目的是________________________________。 (2)B组14C标记的(CH2O)的量比A组低，原因是________________。 (3)在检测过程中，发现6s后有十余种产物含有放射性，而0.5s内只发现一种产物含有放射性，这种产物最可能是__________________ (4)实验中的“其他条件”主要是指________(至少答两项)。若在实验过程中突然停止14CO2供应，则此时两组实验中14C的含量均会________，(CH2O)／C3比值会____________ 30．(9分) 随着生活水平的不断提高，人们对健康的关注越来越高，有氧运动是增进健康的重要方式，请回答下列相关问题。 (1)有氧运动离不开神经—体液调节，兴奋在通过突触传递的过程中，伴随着____，实现了由电信号到化学信号的转变。运动过程中通过甲状腺激素分泌的_____调节和____调节机制，最终使甲状腺激素的含量增多且保持相对稳定。 (2)运动过程中产热量增加，产热器官主要是______，同时散热量也增加，增加散热的途径主要是________、_________。 (3)运动过程中胰高血糖素的分泌量相对增加，影响其分泌的主要因素是_______，胰高血糖素与靶细胞膜上的受体结合，促进的生理过程是_____________。 31．(10分) 如图表示草原上某野兔种群数量的变化(K0表示野兔种群在无天敌进入时的环境容纳量)，请分析回答相关问题。 (1)图中0→b时段内野兔的出生率_____(填“大于”“等于”或“小于”)死亡率，具体原因是____________________。 (2)某种天敌在图中标注的某个时间点迁入，一段时间后，野兔种群数量达到相对稳定状态，则该时间点最可能是_______。在捕食压力下，野兔种群的环境容纳量降在_______之间。 (3)用标志重捕法调查该草原上某区域的种群数量时，若部分标记个体迁出，则导致调查结果_______(“偏高”或“偏低”)；对捕获的野兔进行性别比例调查，发现其雌雄比例稍大于l，该比例_______(“有利”或“不利”)于种群增长。 (4)该草原随着环境的不断变化，此后可能慢慢长出小灌木丛，甚至有可能继续演替出森林，整个过程属于_______。演替过程中不断出现新的优势种群，这主要体现了不同植被物种对________的竞争能力不同。 32．(11分) 科研人员将某纯合的二倍体无叶舌植物种子送入太空，返回后种植得到了一株有叶舌变异植株，经检测发现该植株体细胞内某条染色体上多了4对脱氧核苷酸。已知控制有叶舌、无叶舌的基因位于常染色体上。请分析回答下列问题。 (1)从变异类型分析，有叶舌性状的产生是_____的结果，该个体为_____(“纯合子”或“杂合子”)。 (2)让有叶舌变异植株自交，后代有叶舌幼苗134株、无叶舌幼苗112株，这一结果_____(“符合”或“不符合”)孟德尔自交实验的分离比。 (3)针对(2)中的现象，科研人员以有叶舌植株和无叶舌植株作为亲本进行杂交实验，统计 母本植株的结实率，结果如下表所示。 由表中数据分析推断，该变异能导致_______配子育性大大降低。 (4)研究人员从上表杂交后代中选择亲本进一步设计测交实验，根据测交后代性状的出现情况验证上述推断。请写出实验的思路和结果。 (二)选考题：共45分。请考生从给出的3道物理题、3道化学题、2道生物题中每科任选一题作答，并用2B铅笔在答题卡上把所选题目题号后的方框涂黑。注意所做题目的题号必须与所涂题目的题号一致，在答题卡选答区域指定位置答题。如果多答，则每学科按所做的第一题计分。 (1)(5分)下列说法正确的是_____。(填正确答案标号。选对一个得2分，选对2个得4分，选对3个得5分。每选错一个扣3分，最低得分为0分) A．气体分子单位时间内与单位面积器壁碰撞的次数，与单位体积内的分子数及气体分子的平均动能都有关 B．若两个分子间的势能减少，一定是克服分子间的相互作用力做了功 C．只要知道水的摩尔质量和水分子的质量，就可以计算出阿伏伽德罗常数 D．外界对气体做正功，气体的内能一定增加 E．在一个绝热容器内，不停地搅拌液体，可使液体的温度升高 (2)(10分)如图所示的气缸距底部h0处连接一U形管(管内气体的体积忽略不计，两边管足够长)，气缸内用一体积可忽略的T型活塞密闭一定质量的理想气体。初始时，封闭气体温度为T0，活塞距离气缸底部为1.5 h0，U型管内两边水银面的高度差为△h0。已知水银的密度为 ，大气压强为p o，活塞竖直长柄长为1.2 h0，重力加速度为g。现缓慢降低气体的温度，求： (i)当T型活塞竖直长柄下端刚与气缸底部接触时， 气体的温度T1； (ii)当温度降为0.4T0时，U形管内两水银面的高度差 △h． (1)(5分)如图所示为某时刻的两列简谐横波在同一介质中沿相同方向传播的波形图，此时a 波上某质点P 的运动方向如图所示，则下列说法正确的是______。(填正确答案标号。选对一个得2分，选对2个得4分，选对3个得5分。每选错一个扣3分，最低得分为0分) A ．两列波具有相同的波速 B ．此时b 波上的质点Q 正向上运动 C ．一个周期内，Q 质点沿x 轴前进的距离是P 质点的1.5倍 D ．在P 质点完成30次全振动的时间内Q 质点可完成20次全 振动 E ．a 波和b 波在空间相遇处会产生稳定的干涉图样 (2)(10分)半径为R 的固定半圆形玻璃砖的横截面如图所示，O 点为圆心，OO ’与直径AB 垂直。足够大的光屏CD 紧靠在玻璃砖的左侧且与AB 垂直，一光束沿半径方向与OO ’成30o θ=射向O 点，光屏CD 区域出现两个光斑，已知玻璃的折 射率为2。求： (i)当θ变为多大时，两光斑恰好变为一个； (ii)当光束沿半径方向与OO ’成θ=30°射向O 点时，光屏CD 区 域两个光斑的距离。 35．【物理—选修3-5】(15分) (1)(5分)下列说法正确的是______。(填正确答案标号。选对一个得2分，选对2个得4分，选对3个得5分。每选错一个扣3分，最低得分为0分) A ．发生光电效应时，光电子的最大初动能与入射光的频率成正比 B ．关于原子核内部的信息，最早来自天然放射现象 C ．方程式238 234 492902U Th He →+是重核裂变反应方程 D ．光电效应和康普顿效应都揭示了光具有粒子性 E．普朗克为了解释黑体辐射现象，第一次提出了能量量子化理论 (2)(10分)在一水平支架上放置一个质量m1=0.98kg的小球A，一颗质量为m0=20g的子弹以水平初速度V0=400m／s的速度击中小球A并留在其中。之后小球A水平抛出恰好落入迎面驶来的沙车中，已知沙车的质量m2=3kg，沙车的速度v1=2m／s，水平面光滑，不计小球与支架间的摩擦。 (i)若子弹打入小球A的过程用时△t=0.01s，求子弹 与小球间的平均作用力； (ii)求最终小车B的速度。 西城区高三统一测试 英语2019.4 本试卷共9页，共120分。考试时长100分钟。考生务必将答案答在答题卡上，在试卷上作答无效。考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。 第一部分：知识运用（共两节，45分） 第一节语法填空（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分） 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 A I often help my mom cook and baked chicken is my favorite thing to make. One day, when mom was sick, I tried to make the chicken all by myself. I washed the chicken and put it in a pan in the oven 1 (bake). When the bell rang to tell me the chicken was done, I opened the oven door. Guess what? The chicken was not cooked! I started to laugh. I forgot to turn 2 the oven! Did you know what I did next? I 3 (order) pizza. Mom was happy I “cooked” by myself and we could eat the pizza together. B Chocolate was first used as a drink over 3,500 years ago in Central America. It was very popular with the Mayans and the Aztecs. In fact, cocoa beans were very important to people there. That was 4 they were used as money. In the beginning, cocoa 5 (plant) in Ecuador, which was, for a long time, the world’s number-one producer of cocoa beans. It is still one of the top 6 (producer) of the beans, but nowadays more than 70 per cent of cocoa beans come from West Africa. C Wallace’s giant bee is the world’s 7 (large) bee, with a body the size of a human thumb and wings that can spread to about 2.5 inches. That may sound 8 (frighten), but the bee isn’t likely to hurt anyone. It uses its large jaws (嘴) to collect a sticky goo, called resin, from trees. The bee 9 (make) its home in termite mounds (白蚁丘) found on trees, using the resin to protect its nest from the termites. Until recently, the bee had been seen by scientists only 10 (two), once in 1868 and again in 1981. 第二节完形填空（共20小题；每小题1.5分，共30分） 阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 We first met Tom and Gee in the early days of our marriage. Someone had been 11 our garbage cans to the garage each garbage day, and Jim and I had wondered 12 . Then one day we 13 him: an elderly man who lived across the street. I baked cookies and left them on a chair outside the garage 14 a thank-you note. When we got home from work that day, a typed letter had replaced the 15 . The letter was 听力材料和参考答案 I. Listening Comprehension Section A Directions: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard. 1.W: Oh, No, it’s still out of order! M: I’m afraid we will have to walk up all those stairs again today. Q: What are these two people talking about? 2. W: Mr. Smith, this is your schedule for tomorrow. You’ll be leaving Shanghai at five. M: All right. Have you reserved a room for our customer yet? Q: What is the possible relationship between the two speakers? 3. M: What’s your hobby? Stamp collecting, reading or something else? W: No, nothing special. I often take pictures during holidays, but I’m afraid I’m a bad photographer. Q: What is the woman’s hobby? 4. M: I’m not quite sure how to put this. But about that calculator you let me use, I dropped it. And now the “ON” button doesn’t light up. W: Oh! That’s OK. It hasn’t been working right for some time. Q: What is the man’s problem? 5. W: It’s a pity that the football match had already begun when I got home. M: When did you get home? W: It was a quarter to eight, and it had started an hour earlier. Q: When did the football match start? 6. W: Let’s see if you can find books by the authors your grandpa liked as a teenager. M: Haha. But first of all, I want to google the books to see if I like the story lines. Q: What is the man going to do? 7 W: Let’s take out the extra desks. There are only eight judges for our contest. M: I think we’d better leave some for the students who are taking part in the contest. Q: What are the speakers doing? 8. M: Wow, I really envy you, Shelly. W: Well, it’s for business. In fact, I’m sick and tired of restaurant food. Sometimes I just want a home-made meal. Q: What can we learn about Shelly? 9. W: Did you attend Amy’s presentation last night? It was the first time for her to give a speech to a large audience. M: How she could be so calm in front of so many people is really beyond me! Q: What do we learn from the conversation? 10. W: Hi, Harry. You’ve travelled a lot recently. When did you come back to China? M: I just came back from France this morning. I stayed there for half a month. But before that 1 秘密★启用前试卷类型：B 广州市2020 届高三年级阶段训练题 英语 本试卷共10 页，满分120 分。考试用时120 分钟。 注意事项： 1.答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名和考生号、试室号、座位号填写在答题卡上，并用 2B 铅笔在答题卡的相应位置填涂考生号及试卷类型（B）。因听力另考，试卷从第二部分的“阅读理解”开始，试题序号从“21”开始。 2.回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡对应题目的答案信息点涂黑。如需 改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案。写在本试卷上无效。 3.回答非选择题时，必须用黑色字迹的钢笔或签字笔作答，答案必须写在答题卡指定区域内的相应位置上；如需改动，先划掉原来的答案，然后再写上新答案；不准使用铅笔和涂改液。写在本试卷上无效。 4.考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。 第二部分阅读理解( 共两节，满分40 分) 第一节( 共15 小题；每小题 2 分，满分30 分) 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C 和D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡 上将该项涂黑。 A Mama and I spend mornings cleaning up the dirt that blows into our house. Mama says all the dust is due to the drought. The dirt sifts into everything. It covers our clothes. We have to wash the dishes before each meal. We rarely drive the truck because Papa fears the dust from the road will ruin the motor. When my sister, Faye, and I walk to school, we wear kerchiefs over our mouths so we don’t breathe in the dirt. On days when the air is so bad that they close the school, we stay home and help Mama put wet sheets over the windows. But the dirt always finds a way in. Last Sunday, there was no dirt in the air, only bright spring sunshine and a clear blue sky. After lunch, Papa headed out to the field to check on the cattle while I played with Faye in the yard. The temperature suddenly dropped. I looked to the west and saw a huge black cloud of dust. All the birds flew away. “I must warn Papa,” I thought to myself. To avoid her panicking, I gently told Faye to go back inside where she would be safe, and then headed off to the field. 海淀区高三年级第二学期期中练习 英语2020.4本试卷共10页，120分。考试时长100分钟。考生务必将答案答在答题纸上，在试卷上作答无效。考试结束后，将本试卷和答题纸一并交回。 第一部分：知识运用(共两节，45分) 第一节语法填空(共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分) 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 A At 8,1 started taking art lessons ] (improve) my painting skills. However, later, I found that I focused too much on mastering different techniques. Eventually, I became more distressed when my expectations weren't matched. So, in the 11th Grade, I returned to the basics. On 2 sketchbook I forced myself to draw whatever interested me. Over time, I have been released from the tight control. I have learned that a good painting is not about having perfect technique. In fact, all I need to do is trust my 3 (create) talents and find moments of joy in life. B In recent years, trampolining (蹦床)has become a new craze among Chinese youths. Short videos 4 (show) people's excitement about jumping back and forth on the colourful trampolines are regularly uploaded to social media. Most videos feature teenagers, but adults too have jumped on the trend, hoping to relive their childhood. ：扩Compared with soccer, basketball, tennis or any other competitive sports, 5 various injuries occur from time to time, trampolining is relatively 6 (safe). However, preparation and safety always come first. You must do warm-up exercises before playing and you can't lose concentration during the movements. C A news report shows that China's urban pet consumer market 7 (expect) to break through the 200 billion yuan threshold this year. Young people in big cities are the main contributors. Nowadays, with the cost of living rising, young people 8 (suffer) from greater loneliness and pressure. They are busy working all day in a competitive environment, leaving little time for fun and friends. That may explain 9 more and more young people are choosing to keep pets 10 companionship. Apart from relieving loneliness, many scientific studies have shown that keeping a pet reduces stress and may even improve overall health. 第二节完形填空(共20小题；每小题L 5分，共30分) 阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题纸上将该项涂黑。 I was 11 when I asked my mum for piano lessons. We were in an economic crisis and she'd recently been 11 off. She said a polite “no". That didn't 12 me. I drew a keyboard onto a piece of paper and stuck it on my desk. I would 13 notes on an online keyboard and "play" them back on my paper one—keeping the sound they made on the computer in my head. I spent six months playing without 14 a real piano. As my mum found I was 15 松江区2019学年度第一学期期末质量监控试卷 高三英语 （满分140分，完卷时间120分钟）2019.12 I. Listening Comprehension Section A Directions: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions you will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard. 1. A. Leave the errors in the paper. B. Let the woman use the typewriter. C. Read the newspaper again. D. Check the paper for mistakes. 2. A. It takes time for her to learn new things. B.She should have been informed earlier. C.She won't attend the meeting. D.She has made preparations for the meeting. 3.A, American students are not talkative in class. B.Being talkative in class means active participation. C.She thinks highly of her experience in the American school. D.One can participate in class activities in different ways. 4. A. Crying. B. Talking loudly. C. Watching TV. D. Having a walk. 5. A. It is the only property she has. B.Her father asked her not to sell it. C.She inherited it from her father. 2018北京市朝阳区高三（一模） 英语 2018.3 （考试时间100分钟满分120分) 本试卷共10页。考生务必将答案答在答题卡上，在试卷上作答无效。 第一部分：知识运用（共两节，45分） 第一节单项填空（共15小题；每小题1分, 共15分） 从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 例：It’s so nice to hear from her again. _____, we last met more than thirty years ago. A. What’s more B. That’s to say C. In other words D. Believe it or not 答案是D。 1. Peter has previous experience, ______ I think he’s the right person for the job. A. or B. but C. for D. so 2. ––What did the doctor say about your injury? ––She said I should avoid doing too much exercise ______ it feels better. A. until B. since C. if D. while 3. The meal itself was not so good—______ was boringly brown including vegetables. A. nothing B. everything C. anything D. something 4. Don’t worry. A num ber of efforts are being made ______ the whole system operating normally. A. being kept B. kept C. keeping D. to keep 5. Hawking believes the earth is unlikely to be the only planet _____ life has developed gradually. A. that B. why C. where D. whose 6. ––Cathy is not coming to your birthday party tonight. ––But she ______! A. promised B. promises C. will promise D. had promised 7. Don’t forget to send ______ attended the conference a follow-up email. A. however B. whatever C. whoever D. wherever 8. Your red coat looks so good. It stood out clearly ______ the snow. A. across B. against C. through D. over 9. Look! Here’s a photo ______ in my classroom at primary school. Can you recognize me in it? A. taken B. taking C. to take D. being taken 10. ––Are the repairs finished yet? ––Yes, they ______ when I came back home. A. would be completed B. would complete C. had completed D. had been completed 11. Sometimes it seems to bother the teacher ______ all the students are being too quiet. A. how B. what C. that D. where 12. ______ such a problem before, we handled the situation very well this time. 精心整理 2018年石景山区高三统一测试 英语 学校姓名准考证号 本试卷共10页，120分。考试时长100分钟。考生务必将答案答在答题卡上，在试卷上作答 无效。考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。 第一卷 第一部分知识运用(共两节，45分) 第一节单项填空(共15小题；每小题1分，共15分) 从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将 该项涂黑。 1.—HowcanIwakeupsoearly? —Setthealarmat5:00am.,_____youwillmakeit. A.and B.but C.or D.so 2.Afterclass,theteachercouldn’tleave,_____bythestudents. A.surrounded B.tosurround C.wassurrounded D.surrounding 3.IkeepthepicturewhereIcanseeiteveryday,_____remindsmeofthedaysinmyhometown. A.that B.which C.who D.when 4.Selfconfidenceisakindofqualityandthatis_____ittakestodoeverythingwell. A.why B.that C.what D.which 5.—Whydoyoudrinksomuchcoffee? —Well,_____itdoesn’tkeepmeawakeinthenight,Iseenoharminit. A.when B.aslongas C.asthough D.while 6.Asisknown,only_____hardleadstohappiness. A.work B.works C.worked D.working 7.Aftercollege,hewasemployedinamiddleschooland_____thereeversince. A.wouldworked B.hadworked C.worked D.hasworked 8.Itisreported_____thehousingpricesinsomebigcitiesfallindifferentdegrees. A.which B.what C.that D.where 9.—WherewasI? —You_____youdidn’tlikeyourjob. A.hadsaid B.said C.weresaying D.hassaid 10._____studentsEnglishwell,theteachertriestospeakEnglishinclassveryoften. A.Teaching B.Taught C.Toteach D.Teach 11.Ifthetraffic_____soheavy,Icouldhavebeenbackby6o’clock. A.hadn’tbeen??? B.wasn’t??????? C.couldn’tbe D.hasn’tbeen 12.Wearelivinginanage_____mostofthingsaredoneoncellphones. A.which B.that C.whose D.when 2018年高中三年级一模 英语参考答案 一、选择题（1-60）： 1.C 2.B 3.A 4.C 5.C 6.A 7.B 8.C 9.B 10.A 11.B 12.C 13.B 14.A 15.A 16.C 17.B 18.C 19.A 20.B 21.B 22.C 23.A 24.B 25.D 26.C 27.B 28.D 29.C 30.D 31.B 32.A 33.D 34.D 35.B 36.G 37.E 38.A 39.D 40.B 41.A 42.C 43.B 44.D 45.C 46.B 47.A 48.D 49.B 50.A 51.D 52.C 53.D 54.A 55.B 56.C 57.A 58.D 59.B 60.C 二、英语知识运用第二节（61-70）： 61. failure 62. as 63. includes 64. fiercely 65. the 66. to practice 67. winning 68. where 69. backgrounds 70. was defeated 三、短文改错： Hi Sandra, You’ll never guess over I’m writing this email from a cave! We’re on holiday in Spain now. 71 We spent a few days in Barcelona first. It’s a great place but we had a good time though I didn’t 72. and feel well one day. Anyway, after we left Barcelona, we come to spend several days in Granada. 73. came And guess what? We couldn’t find a hotel because there were quite a lot of tourist. Then someone 74. tourists said, “Why not trying the cave dwellings (住宅) here?” We thought he was joking, but here we 75. try were really in a cave dwelling and it’s wonderfully. Tomorrow we’re going to visit a palace 76. are 77. wonderful in Granada. We’re enjoying it very much that we d on’t want to leave this amazed place. We’re 78. so 79. amazing never going to have enough time ∧explore everything! 80. to Take care! Ben （注：第71题若把over改为at或about，第78题若在that前加so或把that改为so，亦可。） 四、书面表达： Possible Version I Hi David, You’re warmly welcome to my city to experience the Spring Festival. Usually, we give our houses a thorough cleaning and decorate them with red couplets and beautifully-designed paper-cuttings before the festival. Gathering for the annual reunion dinner and watching the Spring Festival Gala on the Eve of the New Year is a meaningful moment for us Chinese. During the festival, we visit the elder and relatives to give our greetings and best wishes. When you are here, I want to invite you to make dumplings, watch beautiful fireworks and dragon dance with us. If time permits, I’ll show you around our city. I hope you’ll have a happy 2017年河南省濮阳市高考英语一模试卷 第一部分听力（共两节，满分30分） 1．Who will the man call？ A．His wife． B．His boss． C．A taxi driver． 2．What does the man suggest the woman do？ A．Wait on the phone． B．Order the pizza online． C．Drive to the pizza place． 3．What does the woman want to do？ A．Make some coffee． B．Buy a coffee maker． C．Learn to make a video． 4．What will the man do at 3o'clock on Friday？ A．Go to school．B．Meet the doctor．C．Take the woman's shift．5．What does the man think of the lecture？ A．Excellent． B．Difficult． C．Boring． 6．听第6段材料，回答6、7题． 6．Who will send the file？ A．Sam．B．Carol．C．Lucy． 7．Where is the woman？ A．At the airport．B．In the officeC．In the hotel． 8．听下面一段对话，回答第8至第10三个小题． 8．When did the woman get to London？ A．Last spring． 高三模拟考试试卷 英语2020.3 （考试时间：100分钟试卷满分：120分） 考生务必将答案答在答题卡上，在试卷上作答无效。考试结束后，将答题卡交回。 第一部分：知识运用（共两节，45分） 第一节语法填空（共10小题：每小题1.5分，共15分） 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空，在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的 单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 A In the early 1800s, Stanislas Baudry built public baths in the center of a town in France. To encourage people to come, Baudry drove a large vehicle around to give people a ride to the baths. He called the vehicle an omnibus, 1 is a Latin word meaning “for everyone”. Then he 2 (notice) that many passengers would get off at stops during the journey to the baths. So Baudry shifted the focus of his omnibus service. He created a permanent route for passengers 3 (board) and get off. Eventually, the omnibus became known 4 (simple) as a bus. B In the film Frozen 2, Elsa and Anna are sisters who live in a kingdom called Arendella. Elsa is born 5 special power s that allow her to create ice and snow. Elsa’s powers are considered dangerous, 6 she must hide them. Eventually she loses control and changes summer to winter. Then Elsa flees from home, and Anna goes on a dangerous journey to find her sister. Along the way, Anna teams up with a man 7 (name) Kristof and his reindeer（驯鹿）)Sven. A talking snowman, Olaf also accompanies them. In the end, it’s Anna’s love for her sister that saves the day. C According to the World Wildlife Fund, only about 3,890 tigers are left in the wild. India is home to 70 percent of them, and its role in 8 (ensure) the big cat’s survival can’t be understated. Tiger numbers in India are believed to have dropped from about 40,000 at the beginning of the 9 （19）century to just 1,800 in the early 1970s, when India launched the conservation program Project Tiger. Kanha was one of the original nine 10 (reserve) set up under that program. 1 松江区2019 学年度第一学期期末质量监控试卷 高三英语 （满分140 分，完卷时间120 分钟）2019.12 考生注意： 1．本考试设试卷和答题纸两部分，试卷包括试题与答题要求，所有答题必须涂（选择 题）或写（非选择题）在答题纸上，做在试卷上一律不得分。 2．答题前，务必在答题纸上填写姓名、学校和考号。 3．答题纸与试卷在试题编号上是一一对应的，答题时应特别注意，不能错位。 I. Listening Comprehension Section A （10分） Directions: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard. 1. A. Leave the errors in the paper. B. Let the woman use the typewriter. C. Read the newspaper again. D. Check the paper for mistakes. 2. A. It takes time for her to learn new things. B. She should have been informed earlier. C. She won’t attend the meeting. D. She has made preparations for the meeting. 3. A. American students are not talkative in class. B. Being talkative in class means active participation. C. She thinks highly of her experience in the American school. D. One can participate in class activities in different ways. 4. A. Crying. B. Talking loudly. C. Watching TV. D. Having a walk. 5. A. It is the only property she has. B. Her father asked her not to sell it. C. She inherited it from her father. D. Her father has nowhere to live after selling it. 6. A. No one knows how to get it to work. B. 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