高考英语复习题：课时18 阅读理解体裁解读5 应用文含答案

课时18 阅读理解体裁解读5 应用文

Ⅰ.体裁解读——应用文

应用文指在日常工作和生活中使用的文体，一般可分为两大类：一类是叙述性应用文，例如书信、日记、便条、报告、请帖等；另一类是说明性应用文，包括广告、启事、海报、守则、公告、公约、个人简历、备忘录、摘要等。近年普通高考英语试题主要涉及宣传广告、公告类应用文，当然偶尔也出现了书信类文章；其文章呈现形式多样，除了文字外还有图表、图片、表格、地址、网址等。

高考英语阅读理解应用文的命题特点：

1．应用文类型文章，语言简练，一般来说和所述问题无关的文字不会出现，例如很多文章没有标题，许多文章甚至通篇都没有一句完整的句子，而是用词、数字、缩写、短语等来替代。

2．就其用词来看，文章中充斥着大量冗长而生僻的专有名词，例如人名、地名、机构名、组织名、书籍名、作品名等等，而且均没有汉语注释。

3．应用文的行文方式：每种文体都有其固定的格式。叙述性应用文采用一般记叙文的写作方法，无特别之处；说明性应用文的行文是排列式——即以小标题为单位逐一下行排列。

4．高考英语应用文的设问一般按照文章段落的顺序依次设置。设问内容一般以细节题为主，也兼有询问短文出处和写作意图的题目。例如：Where can you most probably find this article/passage? What is the purpose of this passage?

【体裁演练】

//https://www.360docs.net/doc/862613761.html,/share

1.How much will the magazine pay for a joke to be published?

A．$50. B．$100. C．$150. D．$350.

2．If you want to share a story of your pets with the readers，you need to submit it to________．

A．Anecdotes and Jokes B．Smart Animals

C．Power of Love D．My Story

3．A story showing people's generosity should be emailed to the editor at ________．

A．juliet@https://www.360docs.net/doc/862613761.html, B．susan@https://www.360docs.net/doc/862613761.html,

C．audrey@https://www.360docs.net/doc/862613761.html, D．nanjc@https://www.360docs.net/doc/862613761.html,

4．An inspiring story sent to the magazine should________．

A．describe strange behaviour

B．contain less than 800 words

C．be real and original

D．be published before

Ⅱ.能力提升演练

Alpine Valley Ski Trip

Spend your holiday break on the slopes! Head up to Alpine

Valley to enjoy all that winter snow sports have to offer. Cost

includes lift, ski lessons, ski/snowboard rental, transportation and

supervision. Make sure to bring extra money for lunch and

quarters for locker rental. Helmet rental is an additional $ 10.

Please print off a release of liability and rental agreement from www. alpine v alleyresort. com which must be signed by a parent/guardian and turned in at time of registration. This form is required for all teens to participate.

Date：Thursday, January 3(Winter Break—No School)

Time: 9 am to 7 pm

Cost: $ 100 (Ski/Snowboard Rental), $ 75 (No Rental)

Min/Max: 4/12

Registration Deadline: Thursday, December 27

All Night Ski/Snowboard Trip at Chestnut Mountain

It's back and better than ever... the All－Night Ski Trip 2019.

We will travel with other park districts to Chestnut Mountain in

Galena, IL. The resort has 19 ski runs, a snowboard park, bonfire

area and game room. Fees include transportation and all night

supervision. This trip is recommended for teens that have previous experience snow skiing or snowboarding. Departure may be from a location other than the Teen Center.

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3．对症下药，各个击破。了解全文的大概意思之后，再把短文的问题简单看一遍，弄懂题意，然后带着问题再去寻读全文。这次阅读过程中要善于抓文章中的关键词句。寻读也就是迅速的查找需要了解的信息，是为某些特定的问题而阅读，因此阅读时要有较强的针对性，对与问题有关的数据，词句等仔细阅读，认真理解，同时结合不同考查内容的题型，采取如下解题对策：（1）事实询问题：这类试题通常是以疑问词what，who，when，where，why，how 等引起的特殊问句，就文章中某一词语、某一句子、某一段落或某一具体细节和事实进行提问。解答此类试题首先要弄清题目和每一个选项的含义，然后按题目要求寻找与之相关的细节，正确估计答案来源，同时注意题目和文章中的暗示作用。特别注意辨别各种信息，确认各种信息。（2）推理判断题：此题要求我们通过表面文字信息去推测文章隐含的意思，对文章的发展情节及作者的态度、意图等做出合乎逻辑的的推理判断。这种题要求我们在阅读时要抓住文章的主题和细节、从分析文章的结构入手，根据上下文的内在联系，充分挖掘文章的深层含义。对暗含在文章中事件的因果关系，人物的动机，以及作者未言明的倾向、态度、意图、观点进行合乎逻辑的推理、分析和判断。同时善于抓住文中实质性的东西，不要被带假象的表面信息或似是而非的东西所迷惑。并且注意推断作者态度时要力求从作者的态度、观点去思考，切勿想当然，凭个人的观点习惯看法来回答的问题。（3）数据推算题：此题要求我们就文章提供的数据，以及数据与文章中其他信息的关系做出计算和推断，然后做出选择。这就要求我们解题时，要在理解好题意的前提下去对与数据有关的信息认真分析，若数据信息较多，还要注意弄清数据之间的关系，同时分清有用与无用信息，最终作出正确判断。（4）主旨大意题：此题用以考查我们对文章主题或中心思想的领会和理解能力。在解答此类试题时要注意每段的中心句，抓住每一段的主题句。一般主题句都用来表达一段主旨大意，因此，只要找准每段的主题句，文章的中心思想和文章的最佳标题也就不难确定了。

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