英语语法填空答题技巧解题攻略

英语语法填空解题攻略

2014年2月份国家考试中心公布的《考试说明》宣布从2014年开始，课标高考全国卷也将以语法填空替代使用了几十年之久的单项选择。语法填空是根据德国心理学家的格式塔心理学原理和英语语言学家的语篇分析理论等，从语法的句子结构、语法形式和词法的角度以语篇的形式对学生进行英语能力的考察。这种命题形式将过去以句子为核心的语法单项选择变成以语篇为核心的语法填空。这一改变体现了新课改将英语重点由语法知识到语法技能的转变，以及当今高考英语改革的趋势：突出语篇，强调语篇在英语能力和应用中的重要性。不少考生都对此类看似有难度的题型产生了诸多疑问，那么语法填空究竟怎么考，考什么，以及应该如何备考呢?下面让我们一起来认识这种新题型和应试策略吧。

一.单选题和语法填空题的不同：

同样都是考语法知识，但单选和语法填空题有着很大不同。语法填空题是给出200字左右的一段短文或对话，段落中给出10个填空，其中几个填空是给出一个单词，填写它的正确词形，如形容词的比较级等，在考试说明的样题中给出提示词的空共有4个，其余填空是结合上下文直接填词，这要求考生既要掌握熟练的语法知识，还要有一定的语言阅读能力。从单选题那种单独句子中的单独的语法考核，到短文中的语法实际应用，

此次题型转变得更加灵活，对考生的词汇量，语篇的语感，句子成分的分析提出了新的要求。

二.语法填空考察的的知识点：

这种所谓的“语法填空”题都会考察到哪些语法知识点呢?考纲说明

中的样题十个填空分别考察了：动词过去式，时间状语从句引导词，过去分词，形容词副词比较级，动词与动名词的动宾搭配，连词，代词it, 冠词，情态动词表推测，动词短语习惯搭配。从样卷的考点，我们不难发现，与单选不同，与句法相比，琐碎的词法在此类题型中所占的比率更高。

三.解题思路：

从外观上看，语法填空分为两种考查形式，即横线后有提示词，和横线后无提示词。这看似直白简单，没有任何意义，却直接决定这一题型的解题思路。

首先，观察是否有提示词。

1.有提示词：考生要运用根据单词的适当形式填空的技巧。

可填词性：动词、名词、形容词和副词。

———若提示词为动词则先要进行两个步骤：

(1)将有横线的部分以句子为单位进行划分。(2)标出句子中动词 a.若

句中无谓语动词则需考虑

①时态和语态②主谓一致

b.若句中已经有一个谓语动词，而且没有连词，则需考虑非谓语动词

———若提示词为名词，则需考虑

①可数名词或是不可数名词。②可数名词单数或复数。

———若提示词为形容词副词则需考虑

①形容词修饰名词。

②副词修饰动词、形容词及整个句子。

③形容词和副词的比较级。

2. 无提示词：可填词性：介词、代词、连词、冠词、情态动词。

——--若判断为介词则需考虑：

①，介词的基本意思，例如：with常考的三个意思： a.和 b.用 c.伴随

②固定搭配

——--若判断为代词则需考虑：

①代词指代往向上文看(同时要注意主语单复数及男、女区别)。

②当动作发出者和承受者为同一人或物，则使用反身代词。

③it做形式主语及形式宾语，并且和可以指天气，时间。

——--若判断为冠词则需考虑：

①定冠词和不定冠词的区别。

② a和an的区别。

③单数可数名词前一定要有冠词。

④固定搭配。

——--若判断为连词则需考虑：

连词此处是并列连词(因为并列连词表示逻辑，则以下称逻辑连词)和从句

连接词的统称。

(1)，逻辑连接词：

①当句子中出现： "句子A,_____句子B"。(A、B成分完整)

②"句子A____ 句子B" (A、B平行)

(2)，从句连接词：

①"句子A，____句子B" (句子B 缺往往缺主语、宾语和表语，其中以

主语为多)，则为非限制性定语从句。

②"句子A_____句子B" 或 "_____句子A，句子B",则为三大从句。

注：1，名词和代词做主语和宾语 2，注意词性变化

四.面对新题型，我们该如何复习备考?

1.不断记忆,积累词汇.

语法填空题对单词提出了比以前更高的要求,它不但要求考生认识

单词,还要求能写出一些要求的单词.这就要求考生平时不断地记忆单词,

不断地积累词汇,千方百计地把我们的词汇量提高上去.考试时才能随心所

欲的写出单词,填出固定搭配.

2.夯实基础,学好语法.

英语的基础知识琐碎繁杂,不是一朝一夕就能掌握的,它要求我们平时多听,多读,多记,夯实自己的基础知识;我们还要坚定不移地加强语法的学

习,尤其是长句,难句,复杂句的分析.只有这样,才能为综合能力的提高打下

坚实的基础.

英语语法填空答题技巧

一、动词(谓语/非谓语) 二、名词三、代词四、冠词五、介词六、连词(从属连词/并列连词)

七、情态动词八、形容词/副词九、挖掉表示起承转合的副词或副词性短语十、词形变化或者词性变化十一、特殊句型(或固定短语) 十二、定语从句的引导词. 十三、状语从句十四、名词性从句

十五、时态、语态十六、非谓语动词和独立主格结构十七、倒装

语序、主谓一致关系、强调结构及其他语法填空的考查范围：

1 语境(上下文);

2 语法：动词(时态、语态、主谓一致、非谓语形式)、名词、代词、冠词、介词、连词固定搭配、情态动词、复合句、形容词和副词的比较

级最高级及构词法、倒装等。

语法填空的能力要求：

1.阅读/理解语篇的能力

2.分析句子结构的能力

3.熟练运用语法的能力

4.单词拼写能力和逻辑推理能力等，对中下层考生来说，难度较大。

重点复习：掌握句子的基本结构

首先，我们必须熟练掌握简单句的基本句型结构：

(1) 主语+谓语(+宾语+宾补) (2) 主语+系动词+表语

其次，我们要充分了解充当各个句子成分的典型词类：

(1) 充当主语或宾语的典型词类是名词或代词。此外，还有动名词、

不定式短语等。

(2) 充当谓语的一定是动词。(3) 充当补语或表语的典型词类是形容词。

(4) 在名词前作定语的典型词类是形容词或形容词性物主代词。

(5) 作状语的典型词类是副词。

再次，我们还要掌握句子的扩展结构：两个或几个简单句之间若不用句号或分号，就必须要用连词，否则，句子的结构就不完整。连词主要有以下四类：

(1) 用and, but,or,while(而，却)，when(就在这个时候)等构成并列句。

(2) 用

if,unless,before,after,until,although,though,as,since,because,so,so that等构成含状语从句的复合句

(3) 用who, which, that, when, where, why等构成含定语从句的复合句。(这里要提醒考生的是往往不给任何提示的空就是填连词或关系词的，但也须结合句子结构来分析。)

(4) 用that,if/whether(是否)，wh-等构成含名词性从句的复合句。

解题方法：用句子结构分析法巧解语法填空.分析句子的结构对解答语法填空题很有帮助。在解答语法填空题时，分析句子结构可以迅速确定所要填的词语的词类或大致方向，若再结合语境就可以很快得出具体的词语或词形，结合语境方面要特别注意短文的时态和上下文中的一些提示。

如: 阅读下面短文，根据上下文填入适当的词语，或使用括号中的词语的适当形式填空，并将答案填写在答题卡上标号的相应位置。

英语语法填空答题技巧与练习题

一、动词(谓语/非谓语)

给出动词的原形，根据句子结构的需要给出其适当的形式。填动词形式，首先抓住主谓结构，确定主句，剩下的部分，如有连词，则是句子，仍然有主谓结构，否则就用非谓语;是谓语就思考时态，语态，主谓一致，是非谓语就看主动被动，有否先后关系。

动词及动词短语辨析

主要考查的知识点：每年必考的考点，主要从以下几个角度来命题：

② 惯性用法。测试语境中动词的词义辨析;测试一些习惯用语中的

动词;测试一些系动词。

②下列动词组成的短语：break，carry，come，get，give，go，look，pick，send，set，take，turn。英语词组的深层含义挖掘、多种含义拓宽也是当今考题的一个热点。每年的高考英语科考试大纲中虽列出了单词和词组，但并未注明其具体的含义，这就给命题者留下了自由的伸缩空间。所以在复习时，不能拘泥于其在教材上的含义，要大胆地对其深层含义进行挖掘。如：go out便可挖掘出以下含义：出去;出国;发出去;贴出去;出去参加社交活动;离家出去工作;压塌;(火)熄灭;过时;死去;消失;辞职;下台;结束;罢工等。(在完形填空中多加注意)

1. … Ms Chen _________ (teach) me English since Junior 1, and to show my appreciation I decided to get her a present. (广州一模)

2. … I was certain she would like it because I ___________ (tell) by my classmates that she loved hot food. (广州一模)

3. … The exam, which was originally to be held in our classroom,__________ (change) to the library at the last minute. .(广州二模)

4. I had to leave work to take him to the hospital because he __________ (break) his finger. (深二模)

5. The child, Nicole Hobson,___________ (take) by her mother to Children's Memorial Hospital about 11 p.m., Wednesday to check …(汕头二模)

6. A transit spokesman said the driver should _________ (make) radio call to the control center for help. (汕头二模)

7. An official from the Ministry of Education said that China follows an educational policy that__________ (encourage) students to study abroad. (茂名二模)

8. One of them was a visitor, saying he wouldn’t have been there if he ______ (watch)the weather forecast the day before. (梅州二模)

9. We must also consider the reaction of the person ___________ (receive) the gift. (广州一模)

10 … With the problem (solve), I felt proud of my achievement. .(广州二模)

11 … I then noticed that I had just 10 minutes left_________ (complete) the rest. .(广州二模)

12.____________ ( compare) with the previous year, the number of students who went abroad for study was increased by 15 ,000, or a rise of 13%. (茂名二模)

13.We must practise speaking and__________ (write) the language whenever we can.

14.but it is not enough only _____________ (memorize) rules from a grammar book. (佛山一模)

15. The television viewer makes no choice and no judgment. He is completely passive and has everything ______ (present) to him without any effort on his part. (东莞一模)

二、名词

主要考查的知识点：名词的用法,语境中词性的判断，词的转化。在语法填空题中常出现给一个提示词要求用它的正确形式填空，

重点复习：①掌握名词单复数的变化规律以及与相近语法的关系(名词单复数的使用受冠词、数词和主谓一致等语法的制约，因此复习名词单复数时，应注意分析名词前的数词、量词、冠词等修饰语情况，还应注意主谓一致问题)。②熟悉、区别可数不可数(英语中有些名词有时为可数名词，而有时又是不可数名词，其区别由各自不同的用法而定，这是名词可数性用法的难点)。如：work 工作，不可数名词;著作作品，可数;工厂作坊，可数;工程工事，可数。③掌握名词所有格的表示方法和名词作定语的用法，特别注意 else的所有格、双重所有格的用法。

1.Father went to his doctor for_______ (advise)about his heart trouble.

2. There are ten__________ (woman)teachers and two hundred ________(girl) students in the school.

3. Facing cut-throat ______ (compete) in all subjects, students must devote as much of their time as possible.

4. I shall never fear difficulty and I shall never know the _______ (exist) of the word “failure”.

6. Not long ago he sent ______(word) that he would return with his family.

7. She was in London and spent her ________(young) in China.

8. The ________ (erupt) of Mount Kilauea, one of the most active volcanoes in Hawaii, is always taking people by surprise.

9. His _________ (curious) made him wonder about clouds.

11. The number of languages is getting smaller all the time because of the steady ________ (grow) of bigger languages.

12. Tight jeans and trousers, short skirts and even sensible flat shoes may all cause _____

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英语语法填空解题技巧与方法语法填空是通过语篇在语境中考察语法知识的运用能力，我们在解题时可遵循“三步走”浏览全文，了解大意；边读边填，先易后难；验证核查，清楚难点。语法填空的考察形式分为两大类：无提示词填空类；提示性词填空类一．无提示词类。即纯空格题。（只限一个单词）纯空格填空题主要是填冠词（a/ an /the）、介词、代词、连接词(含从属连词和并列连词)等虚词.。技巧1：在简单句和并列句中，若句子缺主语或宾语，一定是填代词。技巧2：若两个句子（即两个主谓结构）之间没有连词，也没有分号或句号，一定是填并列连词（连接并列的句子）或从属连词（连接定语从句、名词性从句和状语从句（以句子为单位） 1.I have ___________ interesting book. _________ is called “Frozen” 2.___________ he worked very hard, he still failed the test. 3.He was very tired after working for a whole day, ____________ he felt very happy. 4.Whether we will go to the park depends _____________ the weather. 二．提示性填空类。即用所给词的适当形式填空，（此类题填空不超过三个单词）。此类型的题一般考察动词的时态、语态、单复数；动词非谓语（to do / done/ doing）; 词性的转换（形名副动）；adj/ adv 的比较级和最高级。注意：(一)、.判断要填的动词是谓语动词还是非谓语动词。要从以下两点进行思考：（1）. 若句子没有别的谓语动词，或者虽然已有谓语动词，但需填的动词与之是并列关系时，所给动词就是谓语动词；若是谓语动词，就要考虑时态语态和单复数 1 . Friends can always _____________(trust),loved and respected. 2.People in the future _______________(know) and benefit from the technology. （2.）若句中已有谓语动词，又不是并列谓语时，所给动词就是非谓语动词。若是非谓语动词就要确定是v-ing形式，-ed形式，还是不定式，确定的方法主要有： (1) 作主语，通常用v-ing 形式表示习惯或一般情况，（用不定式表示具体情况） (2) 作目的状语或在形容词后作状语，一般用不定式 (3) 作伴随状语，通常用分词，若与逻辑主语是主动关系，用现在分词（v-ing）;若是被动关系，用过去分词（-ed） 1.We are supposed to work very hard _____________(go) to a good university.

(英语)英语语法填空试题类型及其解题技巧

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