新视野大学英语 教案

UNIT 2

Section A Iron and the Effects of Exercise

I PURPOSE

1. To enlarge students’ vocabulary and sentence patterns.

2. To improve the students’ reading comprehension.

II IMPORTANT AND DIFFICULT POINTS

1. Expressions:

Section A

moderate ；consume；respectively；ratio；interfere with ；interfere in；to bounce back(L. 11)

one in / out of four; up to; to take in; to be at greatest/more risk of; plus ; in an effort to do sth.; to be liable to do sth. ; to tip sb over the edge into ; to be lost in sweat (L. 30)

Section B

desirable, clash, moreover, distress, reject, appreciate, furthermore

2. Sentences:

①Plus, many healthy-conscious women increase their risk by rejecting red meat, which contains the most easily absorbed form of iron. (L19-22)

②.Athletes in high-impact sports such as running may also lose iron through a phenomenon where small blood vessels in the feet leak blood. (L32-33)

③. The iron content of tomato sauce cooked in an iron pot for three hours showed a striking increase , the level going up nearly 30 times. (L64-65)

III PROCEDURE

1. Lead-in

Do you often do exercise ? Do you know how to do exercise scientifically?

2. Analyzing the structure of the text

Part I (Paras. 1-3)

Exercise, even moderate exercise, may lead to reduced iron in the blood of women.

Part II (Paras. 4-6)

This part is about the causes for both iron deficiency among women in general and more serious deficiency among active women.

Part III (Paras. 7 - 9)

The author makes clear both the effects of iron deficiency on people’s health and the importance of checking iron reserves to active people.

Part IV (Paras.10-12)

The author gives his advice on how to remedy iron deficiency.

3. Detailed study of the passage

Language points

(1)moderate: a. of middle degree, power, or rate; neither large more small, neither high nor low。

__Ten years of working in the company enabled him to afford a house of moderate size

__.At the time of the accident , the car was traveling at a moderate speed.

(2)consume:1.eat or drink;https://www.360docs.net/doc/8717272802.html,e;use up

He would consume nearly two pounds of milk per day.

__Some of the new air conditioners consume 70 percent less electricity than the old models.

(3)respectively: ad . Each separately in the order mentioned各自地

__Their sons, were three and six respectively.

(4)ratio: n. a figure showing the number of times one quantity contains another比，比率

__The ration of 10 to 5 is 2 to 1.

__The chart shows the ratio of personal debt to personal income.

(5)interfere with:（不是出于主观的）干扰

interfere in :(出于主观的）干扰，干涉

你不可以让家庭责任干扰你的工作。

__You mustn’t allow your family duties to in terfere with your work.

不要介入那些与你无关的事。

__Don’t interfere in matters that don’t concern you.

我们足球队遭受一连串的失败后又东山再起了。

Our football team bounced back from a series of defeats.

(遭受挫败／损失后)很快恢复

(6) up to (L. 15): 多达······, 上至······

He is so famous in that area that one in/out of three local people know him.

在这个地区，他很有名，以至于当地人中有三分之一都认识他。

(7) one in/out of four··· (L.13) :有四分之一······

This film star finds favor with everyone in her country, up to the president and down to the boy who sweeps the floor.

(8)这位影星受到她的国家里每个人的喜欢,上至总统,下到扫地的男孩。

(8)to take in (L. 17): 吸收，理解

She listened attentively, taking in every word he said

她聚精会神地听讲,听懂了他说的每个字。

(9) to be at greatest/more risk of (L. 17): 危险最大/更大

Those with fair skin are more at risk of skin cancers than those with dark skin.

浅色皮肤的人比深色皮肤的人患皮肤癌的危险性更大。

(10) plus … (L. 19): 而且;此外

Patriotic education enables teenagers to know better about the nation’s yesterday. Plus, it helps them hold today’s life dearer.

爱国主义教育可以使青少年更好地了解民族的昨天。此外,它还有助于青少年更加珍惜今天的生活。

(11) in an effort to (do sth.) (L. 23): 为了······

They were trying to transport many hens to their hometown in an effort to wipe out the plague of locusts. 他们为了消除蝗灾正设法把许多母鸡运往家乡。

(12 )to be lost in sweat / one’s work / thought/ amazement (L. 30):随汗液流失/埋头工作／沉思／不胜惊奇

We we re all lost in admiration of the beauty before our eyes. 我们大家都被眼前的美景所吸引。

(13) to go to zero (L. 42): 耗尽，用完

The spirit of the enemy went to zero.

敌人的士气丧失殆尽。

(14) to remedy the deficiency / a fault/ a loss (L. 69): 弥补不足/错误/补救损失

A great deal has been done by governments to remedy the loss caused by SARS.

政府做了大量的工作来弥补SARS造成的损失。

(14)advisable: adj. sensible, wise可取的，适当的，明智的

1.It’s advisable that you leave now.

你最好现在就离开。

2.Because of the popularity of the region, it is advisable

To book hotels in advance.

该地区很有名气，所以最好的做法是预先订好旅馆。

(15)modify: vt. change sth. Slightly, esp. to improve it修改，更改，改善

1.These plans must be modified if they are to be used successfully.

如果要使这些计划成功实施，必须对它们进行修改。

2. The training program has been modified to the benefits of the students.

这个训练计划已进行了修改，以使学生们受益。

typically: on usual occasions; representing a particular type pf person or thing 代表性地, 作为特色地

1.Typically, he would come in late and then say he was sorry.

他总是来得晚，然后说对不起。

2.He greeted me with typically American hospitality.

他以美国人特有的热情欢迎我。

III. Expressions & Patterns

Sentences

1. Typical patterns for showing the results of sb.’s observation / scientific research

1) A new study (research / opinion poll / survey) by sb. suggests / indicates that…某人进行的一项新的研究(科研／民意测验／调查)表明，······

原句:We found that women who were normally inactive and then started a program of moderate exercise showed evidence of iron loss. (L. 2)

2) Sb. finds / observes that those who …(从句) show evidence of …某人发现／通过观察发现，那些······人／动物，出现······的迹象。

原句:For a woman who already has a poor iron status, any additional iron loss from exercise may be enough to tip her over the edge into a more serious deficiency. (L.

27)

3) For sb. / sth. who / that …, as they have observed / found, any …may be enough to …正如他们所观察发现的那样，对于······的某人／某物来说，任何的······足以······

Back

原句:People think that if they’re not at the third stage, nothing is wrong, but that’s not true. (L.40)

2. Typical patterns for argumentation

句型提炼

人们认为，只要不到第三阶段就不会有什么问题。这种看法是不对的。

1) Some/Many people think/believe/claim that…, but this/that (statement) is not/may not be true/the case.一些/很多人认为/声称······，但是这种/那种看/说法是/也许是不正确的。

原句:While active, child-bearing age women are most likely to have low iron stores, men are not safe, especially if they don’t eat meat and have a high level of physical activity. (L. 47)

2) While sb. / sth. is most / least likely to…, sb. / sth. (else) is (not)…, especially if / when…虽然某人/某事最有／不可能······, 但(另一) 某人／事也（并非）······, 尤其是······

In general, it’s better to undo the problem by adding more iron-rich foods to the diet, because iron supplements can have serious shortcomings. (L. 53)

3. Typical patterns for suggestion

1) It’s better /suggestive/ advisable (for sb.) to do sth. (It’s advisable that sb. should do sth.)by v.+ ing..., because …(对于······来说) 最好是通过······来······，因为······

原句:And people who are likely to have low iron should avoid drinking coffee or tea with meals, since substances in these drinks can interfere with iron being absorbed into the body. (L. 65)

5. Summary

Exercise may lead to more loss of iron in females, which in turn produces serious effects on their health. According to sports medicine experts, active women should pay more attention to iron deficiency in their bodies and take correct measures to remedy it before it really becomes a problem.

IV TIME NEEDED

1. Introduction Remark: 5 minutes

2. Warm-up activity: 5 minutes

3. Analyzing the structure of the text: 20 minutes

4. A detailed study of the passage: 50 minutes

5. Summary: 10 minutes

V HOMEWORK

Review this section

Do the exercises in Section A

Preview Section B

Section B Does Exercise Have Unexpected Benefits?

1. Understanding the text

In this passage,we know exercise may power up the brain besides strengthening the heart and lungs, bones and muscles. A succession of scientific studies of animals implies that physical activity has a positive effect on mental functioning.

2. The structure of the text

Part1(Paras.1)

Introduction: physical activity has a positive effect on mental functioning.

Part2(Paras.2-9)

Studies with rats, older adults and children show that exercise powers up the brain. Part3(Paras. 10-11)

3.The reading skill

Distinguishing Between Facts & Opinions

Facts are statements that tell what really happened or what really is the case. A fact can be proved or disproved with direct evidence. It is something known by actual experience or observation. Opinions are statements of belief, judgment or feeling. They show what someone thinks or feels about a subject. Solid opinions, of course, are based on facts. How ever, opinions are still somebody’s view of something and are not facts themselves. Here are some examples from Passage A.

4. Language points

(1) succession:

in succession 连续的，接连的

in succession to 接替······的；继承······的

claim the succession 要求继承权

__ His succession as headmaster was not in any doubt.

(2). primary

a primary concern 要事

primary education 初等教育

a matter of primary importance 头等要事

(3) formation

preserve the formation 保持队形

several kinds of cloud formations 几种云层

habit formation 习惯的养成

__ He had played a major role in the formation of the United States.

__ School life has a great influence on the formation of a child’s character.

(4)obstacle course: a training course in which runners have to climb over, under or through a series of obstacles; sth. which is difficult to do 越障训练；（喻）困难重重的事

(5)go through: 1. finish or complete 完成，通过2. undergo 经历，经过

__ We went through our task without any difficulty.

__ 战争期间大多数家庭都经历过许多苦难。

(6) by / in contrast 相比之下

in contrast with (to) 与······形成对比

form a sharp contrast to 与······形成鲜明对比

(7)possess: vt. have or own (sth.), or have (sth.) as a particular quality 拥有，具有possess property 拥有财产

possess the necessary patience具备必备的耐性be possessed of sth.具有某种品质

be possessed by jealousy 怒火中烧

__She possesses a beautiful singing voice.

__The density of the fog made it difficult to see where we were going.

(8) density

population density 人口密度

current density 电流密度

traffic density 交通量

(9) multiply

__If you multiply 7 by 15, you get 105.

__When animals have more food, they generally multiply faster.

(10) inference

arrive at an inference 推断出结论

draw/make an inference from …从······作出结论

(11) stem

__ A lot of the stems of the flowers in the garden were broken by the strong wind.

__Her problems stem from her tough childhood.

(12) speculate

speculate about/ on/ upon the future 推想未来

speculate about the result of an election 推测选举结果

speculate in oil shares 做石油股票的投机买卖

__ He made his money speculating on the London gold and silver markets.

__I don’t really know what happ ened —I’m just speculating.

(13)corresponding: adj. matching; not contradicting 相应的，对应的

1. Imports in the first three months have increased by 10 percent compared with the corresponding period last year.

前三个月的进口额和去年同期相比增长了10%。

2. As the course becomes more difficult, there’s usually a corresponding drop of the number of students.

随着课程逐渐变难，上课的学生人数也相应减少了。

(14)edge: n. advantage that makes one stronger or more likely to be successful优势1.The three days France have to prepare could give them the edge over England .

法国人有三天的时间作准备，这使他们能够获得超过英国人的优势。

2. With excellent production techniques they were able to gain the competitive edge. 凭借极好的生产技术，他们能够获得竞争上的优势。

(15)burn off steam: 消耗掉多余的体力；消除不良情绪

1. Regular exercise helps to fight against unwanted stress and is a good way of relaxing or burning off steam .

经常锻炼有助于减轻不必要的压力，是一种放松或消除被压抑情绪的好办法。

2.I was so angry that I burned off steam by taking a walk.

我很生气，于是出去散步，以消除心中的郁闷。

(16)point to: suggest; indicate 表明；表示

I can’t point to any particular reason for it.

就这件事我提不出任何具体的原因来。

(17)tackle: vt. 1. deal with 处理，应付 2. speak to (sb.) about a matter 与······交涉

1.I don’t think I can tackle this job until next week.

我想到下星期我才能开始办这件事。

2. If she keeps missing school like this you’ll have to tackle her parents about it.

如果她继续缺课，你得跟她父母谈谈。

(18)alike: ad. in the same way 一样地，相似地 a. like one another 相同的，相像的

1.The climate here is always hot, summer and winter alike.

这里的天气总是很热，夏天和冬天都一样。

2. The twins don’t look at all alike.

这对双胞胎一点也不像。

3. Sentences

1) In contrast , the animals that exercised inside the automatic wheel possesses a greater density of blood vessels in the brain than did either of the other two groups of animals. (L15-16)

2)And while animals aren’t people, he says it is logical to make the inference that an effect found in rats may also apply to humans. (L21-23)

3)young brains may be especially able to boost brain power through exercise , suggested another of Greenough’s experiments that showed the most significant changes in the brain occurred among rates that had been exercised when very young. (L19-21)

Homework:

Review this section;

Do the exercise;

Prepare for the next unit.