4. 非谓语动词(一)+完形填空(学生版) 高三高考会考英语总复习 知识点

非谓语动词（一）

+完形填空

学习目标

1. 掌握非谓语动词的基本分类和意义。

2. 掌握非谓语动词作状语和定语的用法。

3. 掌握综合练习中的重点词汇和短语。

一、概念和分类

在句子中充当除谓语以外的各种句子成分的动词形式叫做非谓语动词。非谓语动词也是动词形式的一种。

非谓语动词包括：不定式、动名词和分词。它们的核心意义是：

不定式：、

动名词：

现在分词：、

过去分词：、

1.非谓语动词可以充当的句子成分

主语宾语补语表语定语状语

不定式√√√√√√

动名词√√√√

分词√√√√

2.非谓语动词的各种变体及意义

非谓语动词有一般体、进行体和完成体和被动的变体，它们的意义和形式如下：

主被动一般式完成式

（强调非谓语动作

先于谓语动作完成）

进行式

（强调非谓语动作

与谓语动作同时发生）

主动to do to have done to be doing to do

被动to be done to have been done

上表中列出了各种非谓语动词的变体。高考中常考下表中的七种非谓语动词。现对这七种非谓语动词举例如下：

【注意】1

The

2

Once

3

Knowing

② To draw maps properly, you need a special pen.

（2）不定式作状语，可以表结果，经常是。如：

③ I hurried to his house only to find he was out.

（3）某些形容词作表语，表示喜怒哀乐，后跟不定式表原因。如：

④ I'm very glad to see you.

⑤ I'm sorry to hear about your failure in business.

2.现在分词作状语

总而言之，分词（包括现在分词和过去分词）除了不作目的状语外，几乎可充当所有的状语。

（1）作时间状语

A.如果现在分词的动作和主谓语的动作同时发生，分词用一般式，有时其前可以加上连词while或when。

①Hearing the news, they all jumped with joy.(＝，they...)

听到这个消息时，他们都高兴得跳了起来。

②Walking slowly across the grass, he pointed the gun at the lion and fired.

他慢慢地走过草地，把枪对准狮子就射击了。

B.如果现在分词的动作结束之后，谓语动词的动作才发生，现在分词应用。这时分词所表示的动作有一定的持续性。如果用一般式就会给人感觉到似乎是“某人在做某事时就开始做某事”，容易产生误解。但是，如果现在分词是hear，see等表示感官的动词或是leave，arrive，turn，open等表示位置转换或情况改变的动词，现在分词所表示的动作发生后，主句的动作往往紧接着发生，那就不必用完成式，仍用一般式。例如：

①Having watered the flowers(＝),he began to cut the grass.

他把花浇好后，开始割草。

②Having eaten his dinner, the boy rushed out.

那男孩吃完了饭就跑出去了。

③Hearing the footstep below(＝),he rose and went to the top of the stairs.

听见下面脚步声，他站起身来走到楼梯口去。

（2）作方式状语

① But later, people developed a way of printing, using rocks.

（3）作结果状语

①I thought he was making fun of me,and ran faster than ever,reaching(＝）the school yard quite out of breath.

② Her husband died ten years ago, leaving her with three children to look after.

（4）作伴随状语（非常常见的一类非谓语作状语）

伴随状语的特点是：它所表达的动作或状态是伴随着句子谓语动词的动作而发生或存在的。

① He sat in the armchair, reading a newspaper.他坐在扶手椅里读报。

② All night long he lay awake, thinking of the problem.

他整夜躺在床上睡不着，思考着那个问题。

（5）作原因状语

现在分词短语作原因状语，尤其是be，feel，know，recognize，fear等状态动词的现在分词（短语），以及现在分词的否定式用作状语时，通常表示原因。

① Being sick, I stayed at home.我因病呆在家中。

② Not knowing her address, I can't write to her.由于不知道她的地址，我没法给她写信。

③ Not having done(＝)his homework, he stayed at home.

（6）作条件状语

Taking (＝) the path that leads out of the town, you will come to a dense wood.

（7）起补充说明作用

现在分词短语起补充说明的作用与伴随状语有些相似，但严格地说，它不是伴随状语，因为它所表达的情景不与句子的动作相伴而产生，实际上，它起着补充说明的作用，相当于一个并列分句，但比分句简洁、明快。

① My train leaves at six, arriving in Chicago at ten.＝... and will arrive in Chicago at ten.

②The visiting Minister expressed his satisfaction with the talks,adding that he had enjoyed his stay here.＝... and added that he had enjoyed his stay here.

3.过去分词作状语

（1）过去分词作时间状语相当于一个时间状语从句。例如：

① Asked () what had happened, he lowered his head.

当他被问问题的时候,他低下了头。

（2）过去分词作原因状语相当于一个原因状语从句。例如：

② Frightened (=) by the tiger, the girl didn't dare to sleep alone.因为害怕老虎, 这个女孩不敢单独睡觉。

（3）过去分词作条件状语相当于一个条件状语从句。例如：

③ Grown () in rich soil, these seeds can grow fast.

如果种在肥沃的土壤里，这些种子能长得很快。

④ Given () more time, we could do it better.

如果给我们更多时间的话，我们可以做得更好。

（4）过去分词作让步状语相当于一个让步状语从句。例如：

⑤ Left () at home, John didn't feel afraid at all.

虽然John被单独留在房间里, 他一点都不害怕。

4

An earthquake hit the capital,

5

6

7

The World Internet Conference,

8

I wonder what kind of instruments you'll practise

9

The little girl stared at the snake

10

Anxiously, she took the dress out of the package and tried it on, only 11

When I was little, my mother used to sit by my bed,

12

Since the plants took a while to grow, he started cutting down trees 13

能够充当定语的非谓语动词有

对上述五种能够充当定语的非谓语动词，根据动作与所修饰名词的主动、被动关系，可以作如下分

（1）作定语的不定式如果是不及物动词，或者不定式所修饰的名词或代词是不定式动作的地点、工具等，不定式后面需要相关的介词。如：

① The Brown have a comfortable house to live in.

但是，不定式修饰的名词如果是time,place或way时，不定式后面的介词习惯上省去，如：

② He had no money and no place to live(in).

（2）当作定语的不定式所修饰的名词或代词是不定式动作的承受者时，不定式既可以用主动语态，也可以用被动语态，但其意义有所不同，试比较：

③ Have you got anything to send?（不定式to send的动作执行者是“你”）

④ Have you got anything to be sent?（不定式to be sent动作执行者是“我”或“别人”）

（3）用不定式作定语的几种情况：

A. 不定式表将来

⑤ The car to be caught is for his sister.

B. 用来修饰被序数词、最高级或不定代词（no,all,any等）限定的中心词，且与中心词为逻辑上的主动关系。

⑥ He was the best man to do the job.

⑦ She was the first woman to win the gold medal in the Olimpic Games.

C. 被修饰的词是抽象名词，常见的有：ability,chance,idea, fact, excuse, promise, attempt, belief, way, reason, moment, time等。

⑧ Do you have the ability to read and write in English?

⑨ I have no chance to go slightseeing.

2.分词作定语

（1）作定语的及物动词的分词形式为：现在分词、being+过去分词、过去分词。当被修饰的名词与非谓语动词为主动关系时，用现在分词；当被修饰的名词与非谓语动词为被动关系且表正在进行时，用being+过去分词；当被修饰的名词与非谓语动词为被动关系且表完成时，用过去分词。如：

① The houses being built are for the teacher.（被动，正在进行）

② Tsinghua University, founded in 1911, is home to a great number of outstanding figures.（被动，完成）

③ I have never seen a more moving movie. （主动，表特征）

（2）作定语的不及物动词的分词形式为：现在分词和过去分词。现在分词表示正在进行；过去分词表示已经完成。如：

① boiling water 沸腾的水

② boiled water 烧开过的水（开水）

③ falling leaves 正在下落的叶子

④ fallen leaves 已经落下的叶子

【再次强调】

不定式

用所给动词适当形式填空：

14

I have a lot of reading

15

A

16

The foreign visitors were amazed at the valuable traditional Chinese 17

18

Nine

19

We're having a meeting in half an hour. The decision 20

Last night, there were millions of people

21

With more forests

22

Bank was the first

23

The house

24

25