高中英语阅读理解经典试题(含答案)百度文库

一、高中英语阅读理解

1．阅读理解

Jane Austen is loved mainly as a charming guide to fashionable life in the Regency period (英国摄政时期). She is admired for describing a world of elegant houses, dances, servants and fashionable young men driving barouches (四轮四座大马车). But her own vision of her task was completely different. She was an ambitious and strict moralist. She was highly conscious of human failings and she had a deep desire to make people nicer: less selfish, more reasonable and more sensitive to the needs of others.

In Pride and Prejudice, Mr. Darcy and Elizabeth Bonnet start off heartily disliking each other and then, gradually realize they are in love. They make one of the great romantic couples. He is handsome, rich and well connected; she is pretty, smart and lively. But why actually are they right for one another?

Jane Austen is very clear. It's for a reason we tend not to think of very much today: It is because each can educate and improve the other. When Mr. Darcy arrives in the neighborhood, he feels "superior" to everyone else, because he has more money and higher status. At a key moment, Elizabeth condemns his arrogance (自大) and pride to his face. It sounds offensive in the extreme, but later he admits that this was just what he needed.

Mostly, we tend to think of love as liking someone for who they already are, and of total acceptance. But the person who is right for us, Austen is saying, is not simply someone who makes us feel relaxed or comfortable; they got to be able to help us overcome our failings and become more mature, more honest and kinder—and we need to do something similar for them.（1）What do we know about Jane Austen from paragraph 1?

A. She lived a fashionable life.

B. She wrote about the life of the rich.

C. She knew exactly human virtues.

D. She was nicer to less selfish people.

（2）What can we learn about Mr. Darcy from the text?

A. He dislikes Elizabeth from the beginning to the end.

B. He is handsome, rich and rather modest.

C. He is kind to everyone in the neighborhood.

D. He needs Elizabeth to point out his shortcomings.

（3）Which person is right for you according to Jane Austen?

A. A person that you like for who he or she is.

B. A person with whom you feel really relaxed.

C. A person making you become a better man or woman.

D. A person who does something similar to you.

（4）What message does the book Pride and Prejudice convey?

A. Improve yourself with your lover's help.

B. Accept the people you love totally.

C. Earn much money to make people love you.

D. Find your true love with pride and prejudice.

【答案】（1）B

（2）D

（3）C

（4）A

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇应用文，介绍了简·奥斯丁的著作《傲慢与偏见》中传达了在爱人的帮助下提高自己的思想。简·奥斯丁认为一个让你成为更好的男人或女人的人最适合你。

（1）考查细节理解。根据第一段中的”She is admired for describing a world of elegant houses, dances, servants and fashionable young men driving barouches.“她因描述了一个充满优雅的房子、舞蹈、仆人和时髦的年轻人驾着四轮马车的世界而受到赞赏。可知她写了关于富人的生活。故选B。

（2）考查细节理解。根据倒数第二段中的”At a key moment, Elizabeth condemns his arrogance and pride to his face. It sounds offensive in the extreme, but later he admits that this was just what he needed.“在关键时刻，伊丽莎白当面谴责了他的傲慢和骄傲。这听起来很无礼，但后来他承认这正是他所需要的。可知达西先生需要伊丽莎白指出他的缺点。故选D。

（3）考查细节理解。根据最后一段中的”But the person who is right for us, Austen is saying, is not simply someone who makes us feel relaxed or comfortable; they got to be able to help us overcome our failings and become more mature, more honest and kinder—and we need to do something similar for them.“但奥斯汀说，适合我们的人，不仅仅是让我们感到放松或舒适的人;他们必须能够帮助我们克服失败，变得更成熟、更诚实、更善良——我们需要为他们做一些类似的事情。可知简·奥斯丁认为一个让你成为更好的男人或女人的人最适合你。故选C。

（4）考查推理判断。根据第三段中的”It's for a reason we tend not to think of very much today: It is because each can educate and improve the other.“这是一个我们今天很少想到的原因:因为每个人都可以教育且帮助对方提高。可知《傲慢与偏见》这本书传达了在爱人的帮助下提高自己的信息。故选A。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇介绍类阅读，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，并根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。

2．阅读理解

A few years back I worked in a university building that also housed a department full of psychologists, all of whom seemed to see us as perfect guinea pigs(豚鼠) for their latest theories. If an eager graduate student showed up in my office bearing desserts and asked me to pick one, I'd cast a careful glance and ask "Why?" before grabbing the apple pie.

So one day, when someone from the Psychology Department posted instructions in the bathroom persuading all of us to "Think about five things for which you're grateful every day for a week!" my response was frankly doubtful. I did the math. Five things a day for seven days is a lot of brainpower to expend without so much as the promise of an apple pie.

I wandered into the office of Heidi Zetzer, the director of our school's Psychological Services

Clinic. "What's with the gratitude thing?" I asked. You don't ask an academic question－even a simple one unless you're prepared for a long answer. Heidi came alive, and I sat down. That's when I first heard the term "positive psychology". The gratitude thing, as I had called it, was but one small and simple element of the practice. "Kind of like training the brain to focus on joy," my friend Heidi explained. "It's only a week," she urged. "Try it." I did. And guess what? It worked. Every day for a week, I found five distinct things for which I was thankful. They had to be different every day. I couldn't get away with just being grateful for my wonderful husband. But I could, suggested Collie Conoley, another positive psychologist, express my gratitude for specific aspects of a certain person each day. He's a great cook. He always puts our family first.

Life will never be perfect. I still see new stories that annoy me. The traffic in my city is maddening. I wish I could speed up my recovery. But with just one simple exercise, I'm rediscovering the peace of that old saying: accepting the things I can't change, working without complaint to change what I can, and being wise enough to know the difference.

And all it took was a little gratitude.

（1）What's the author's attitude toward the student with desserts?

A. Cautious.

B. Respectful.

C. Indifferent.

D. Supportive.（2）Why was the author doubtful about the instructions?

A. Because she thought it wasn't worth the effort.

B. Because she didn't like expressing thanks often.

C. Because she needed to ask her friend to do it first.

D. Because she could do five things every day easily.

（3）What does Collie Conoley suggest the author should do?

A. Be grateful to her wonderful husband.

B. Be thankful for things but not people.

C. Be a great cook and put her family first.

D. Be specific about what she's thankful for.

（4）What's the best title for the text?

A. Don't Be Bothered by Small Things

B. We Can Change Everything If We Want

C. Practicing Gratitude Changed My Life

D. Being Grateful to One Good Person

【答案】（1）A

（2）A

（3）D

（4）C

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文，在一个星期的时间里，作者坚持每天都能发现五件她特别感激的事情，而且每天都有所不同。生活永远不会完美。但通过这么一个简单的练习，作者重新发现了那句老话的平和：接受我不能改变的事情，毫无怨言地去改变我能改变的，并且足够明智地知道两者的区别。这只需要一点感激之情。

（1）考查推理判断。根据第一段中的“If an eager graduate student showed up in my office bearing desserts and asked me to pick one, I'd cast a careful glance and ask ‘Why?’ before grabbing the apple pie.”如果一个心急的研究生拿着甜点出现在我的办公室，让我挑选一种，在抓苹果派之前，我会仔细地看一眼，然后问“为什么?”可知，作者在抓苹果派之前，会仔细地看一眼，然后问“为什么?”。可知，作者对带甜点的学生持有谨慎的态度。故选A。

（2）考查推理判断。根据第二段中的“my response was frankly doubtful. I did the math. Five things a day for seven days is a lot of brainpower to expend without so much as the promise of an apple pie.”我的反应坦率地说是怀疑的。我算了算。连续7天每天做5件事，甚至连吃苹果派的承诺都没有，那就太费脑力了。可推知，作者认为对“连续7天每天做5件事”的要求充满怀疑，认为太费脑力、不值得去做。故选A。

（3）考查细节理解。根据第四段中的“But I could, suggested Collie Conoley, another positive psychologist, express my gratitude for specific aspects of a certain person each day. He's a great cook. He always put s our family first.”但是另一位积极心理学家柯利·康诺利建议道，我可以每天对一个人的某些方面表达我的感激之情。他是个很棒的厨师。他总是把我们的家庭放在第一位。可知，柯利·康诺利建议作者每天对一个人的某些方面表达感激之情。由此可知，柯利·康诺利建议作者具体说明她感激什么。故选D。

（4）考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的“But with just one simple exercise, I'm rediscovering the peace of that old saying: accepting the things I can't change, working without complaint to change what I can, and being wise enough to know the difference.”但通过一个简单的练习，我重新发现了那句老话的平和：接受我不能改变的事情，毫无怨言地去改变我能改变的，并且足够明智地知道两者的区别）可知，练习表达感激，改变了作者的观念和生活。由此可知选C。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇人生感悟类阅读，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息。并根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。

3．阅读理解

A recent study finds that the dirt on the ground is likely to worsen climate change. Researchers have shown that warmer temperatures are heating the soil, which is causing microbes (微生物) to become more active and release more of the soil's carbon into the atmosphere. These soil changes can potentially contribute to even higher temperatures.

Scientists studied device readings, soil measurements, plant growth details and satellite observations from around the world. Their work is the most complete study on the subject.

They found a sharp increase in carbon released into the atmosphere by bacteria and fungi (真菌) in soil from 1990 to 2014. Researchers explain that the carbon comes from the dead plants and leaves the microbes eat. As temperatures rise, the microbes eat more. And the more they eat, the more carbon can be made into carbon dioxide and released into the atmosphere.

This uncontrolled cycle speeds up and intensifies climate change. Overall, soil releases about nine times more carbon than human activities. But that is part of a natural cycle: the amount of carbon released into the air is about equal to the carbon oceans and plants take in.

However, carbon released from fossil fuel causes an imbalance. Burning coal, oil and natural gas puts more carbon into the atmosphere than nature can take in. The additional carbon heats the air and soil. And as the air and soil get hotter, the earth will release more carbon than it has been holding.

If something isn't done, we are really in trouble. Proper soil conservation can help keep more carbon in soil. Conservation methods include avoiding turning the soil, covering off-season crops

and leaving crop deposits on the ground.

（1）Which word can best describe the scientists' research data?

A.Rich.

B.Rare.

C.Limited.

D.Difficult.

（2）What does the underlined word "intensifies" in Paragraph 4 mean?

A.Causes.

B.Demands.

C.Strengthens.

D.Shows.

（3）What mainly causes the soil's temperature to rise?

A.Active bacteria.

B.Human activities.

C.The overuses of soil.

D.The wastes of fossil fuels.

（4）What can be a suitable title for the passage?

A.Warmer soil and more carbon.

B.The soil and the environment.

C.The microbes and the temperatures.

D.Hotter air and warmer environment.

【答案】（1）A

（2）C

（3）B

（4）A

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了人类燃烧燃料造成的土壤变化可能导致地球更高的温度。

（1）考查推理判断。根据第二段中的“Scientists studied device readings, soil measurements, plant growth details and satellite observations from around the world. Their work is the most complete study on the subject.”科学家们研究了来自世界各地的设备读数、土壤测量、植物生长细节和卫星观测数据。他们的工作是对这一课题最全面的研究。故选A。

（2）考查词义猜测。根据第四段中的“This uncontrolled cycle speeds up and intensifies climate change.”可知，and 为并列连词，即intensifies应与之前的speeds up 为同义词。speed up 意为“加速”，C项strengthen 意为“加强；增强”可为同义词。故选C。

（3）考查细节理解。根据第五段中的“However, carbon released from fossil fuel causes an imbalance. Burning coal, oil and natural gas puts more carbon into the atmosphere than nature can take in. The additional carbon heats the air and soil. And as the air and soil get hotter, the earth will release more carbon than it has been holding”然而，化石燃料释放的碳造成了不平衡。燃烧煤炭、石油和天然气向大气中排放的碳超过了自然所能吸收的量。额外的碳使空气和土壤升温。随着空气和土壤变得越来越热，地球释放出的碳将超过它所承受的量。可

知，人类的一系列燃烧燃料的行为是土壤温度上升的主要原因。故选B。

（4）考查主旨大意。根据第一段中的“soil changes can potentially contribute to even higher temperatures.”中间段落进行阐述分析原因和结果。末段提出了“Proper soil conservation can help keep more carbon in soil.”并提供了建议。因此标题关键词需有 soil, carbon等核心词。A 项Warmer soil and more carbon.符合分析。故选A。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测和主旨大意三个题型的考查，是一篇环保类阅读，考生需要准确掌握细节信息，同时根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。

4．阅读理解

Idioms are one of the hardest parts of learning a language. For those of you who don't know, an idiom is a phrase which has a meaning, but the meaning is not clear from the words themselves. If you translate an idiom word for word, it sometimes makes no sense at all. They are like puzzles and even native speakers can get confused when someone uses a phrase that they've never heard of.

With that in mind, here are five common English idioms that you can use in a variety of Situations.

⒈Get your act together (Meaning: you need to improve your behaviour/work)

This might be something your teacher says to you if you score badly in an exam or if you misbehave in class. You can also use it to talk about people in general. For example, if your friend is being mean or nasty for no reason, then you can tell them that they need to get their act together.

⒉Pull yourself together (Meaning: calm down)

This is a somewhat impolite way of telling someone that they are overreacting and that they need to relax. Only use this if you think the person you are speaking to is getting upset over something insignificant. If your friend tells you that their close relative has died, it is NOT the time to tell them to pull themselves together.

⒊I'm feeling under the weather (Meaning: I'm sick)

Yes, it's longer and more difficult to say than 'I'm sick', but if your English teacher asks you why you haven't done your homework, he or she is more likely to forgive you if you say that you were feeling under the weather. You may not have done your English homework, but your teacher might be impressed that you know how to make eloquent excuses in a foreign language.

⒋It's a piece of cake (Meaning: it's easy)

I don't know why this means what it does, but sometimes you just have to accept that English people use weird phrases.

⒌Break a leg (Meaning: good luck!)

This is perhaps one of the most confusing yet well-known English idioms. If someone says this to you, do not take offence or think they are threatening you; they are just wishing you luck. It is most often used for people wishing success to actors and actresses before they perform on the stage, but it can be said in other situations, too.

All in all, learning a new language can be challenging. It's definitely not a piece of cake, especially when there are so many confusing idioms. However, with enough hard work and

interest, you will succeed in no time. Break a leg!

（1）Which idiom is proper for you to say to your worried classmate who is to take part in the 800-metre race at the school sports meet?

A.Get your act together.

B.Pull yourself together.

C.Break a leg.

D.It's a piece of cake.

（2）How should you respond when you hear your deskmate say, "I am feeling under the weather."

A."What's wrong with you?"

B."Don't worry. Let's call 120."

C."Get up and finish your homework."

D."Why don't you take an umbrella with you?"

（3）According to the passage, which of the following is TRUE about idioms?

A.They sometimes make no sense at all.

B.Native speakers have trouble understanding idioms sometimes.

C.Idioms are the hardest part of learning a language.

D.We can guess the meaning of an idiom from the words in it.

【答案】（1）D

（2）A

（3）B

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，习语是学习语言最困难的部分之一，作者列举了五个常见习语的用法。

（1）考查推理判断。根据It's a piece of cake (Meaning: it's easy)意思是很容易，可知可以表达你对即将参加800米比赛的同学的担忧，故选D。

（2）考查推理判断。根据I'm feeling under the weather (Meaning: I'm sick)可知，当你听到你的同桌说“我感觉不舒服”时，你该怎样回答。故选A。

（3）考查细节理解。根据第一段中的“They are like puzzles and even native speakers can get confused when someone uses a phrase that they've never heard of.”它们就像谜题一样，当有人使用他们从未听说过的短语时，甚至以英语为母语的人也会感到困惑。可知选B。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇教育类阅读，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，并根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。

5．阅读理解

Road trip

Motorhome delivery offers great family holidays. For just $1 a day, you can hire a fully-equipped motorhome, which you deliver to a specific destination within some days and kilometers. You then hire another one to get home or take a bus or train. Your only other expense will be fuel and about $20 a day for parking fees. To learn more, visit https://www.360docs.net/doc/886649300.html,.

Plan ahead

For a comfortable break, flexibility with times, dates and places helps lower the cost. Find a few hotels you like, ask about their vacant rooms, then wait a few weeks and call again. If they still have rooms, you're at an advantage to ask for a better price. Lots of last-minute deals are online. Watif (https://www.360docs.net/doc/886649300.html,.au) has deals on hotels that have dropped their prices so slow. You don't know where you're staying until it's booked, but anywhere with four or five stars has to be fairly good. Back to nature

Wild camping appeals to nature lovers and costs nothing. This is forbidden on beaches and parks in most urban areas, but you can turn up in more distant area as long as nobody owns the land. You'll need to take everything with you and may need to shop on eBuy (https://www.360docs.net/doc/886649300.html,.au). If you're a camping beginner, be aware of safety measures and get your questions answered on the Internet.

Swap meet

How about a home swap? For a $250 yearly joining cost, you can stay in someone's home in an international place of your choice while they or someone else stays in yours. Find out more at https://www.360docs.net/doc/886649300.html,.au.

（1）Where can you get the information about motorhomes?

A. https://www.360docs.net/doc/886649300.html,.au.

B. https://www.360docs.net/doc/886649300.html,.au.

C. https://www.360docs.net/doc/886649300.html,.

D. https://www.360docs.net/doc/886649300.html,.au.（2）What's the advice for camping beginners?

A. Take only what you need.

B. Stay away from no-man's land.

C. Keep in touch with eBuy.

D. Watch out for possible dangers.

（3）What helps to pay less for rooms in a hotel?

A. Waiting for some time before booking.

B. Choosing hotels with four or five stars.

C. Deciding on rooms as early as possible.

D. Bargaining prices through the Internet.

（4）What's the purpose of the text?

A. To show the advantages of online service.

B. To teach the importance of running away from work.

C. To help people have fun at less expense.

D. To introduce new destinations for nature lovers.

【答案】（1）C

（2）D

（3）A

（4）C

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇应用文，提供了几种节省游玩花费的方式。

（1）考查细节理解。根据Road trip部分中的”To learn more, visit https://www.360docs.net/doc/886649300.html,.“可知，如果要了解motorhomes的相关信息可以浏览此网站。故选C。

（2）考查细节理解。根据 Back to nature部分中的”If you're a camping beginner, be aware of safety measures and get your questions answered on the Internet.“可知，如果你是首次露营，要注意安全问题，如果有疑问一定要在网上问清楚。故选D。

（3）考查细节理解。根据 Plan ahead部分中的”Find a few hotels you like, ask about their vacant rooms, then wait a few weeks and call again. If they still have rooms, you're at an advantage to ask for a better price.“可知，找到想预定的房间后，再等几周进行预定会节省不

少费用。故选A。

（4）考查推理判断。根据Road trip部分中的”For jus t $1 a day, you can hire a fully-equipped motorhome, “一美元一天租用装备完全的motorhome；Plan ahead部分中的”If they still have rooms, you're at an advantage to ask for a better price.“用更少的钱预定房间； Back to nature 部分中的”Wild camping appeals to nature lovers and costs nothing“不花钱露营；和Swap meet部分中的”For a $250 yearly joining cost, you can stay in someone's home in an international place of your choice“250美元一年交换房子居住。可知，本文的主要目的是介绍几种可以花费很低费用的游玩方式。故选C。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两三个题型的考查，是一篇介绍类阅读，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，并根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。

6．阅读理解

A home science experiment recently took the world by storm. Two teens from Toronto, in Canada, sent a Lego man rising above the Earth and captured their tiny astronaut's trip on film.

Mathew Ho and Asad Muhammad, both 17, used a weather balloon to launch their plastic lego model 16 miles above the Earth. This is inside a part of Earth's atmosphere.

The two teens were inspired by a similar project performed by students at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology(MIT). The MIT students had launched a weather balloon with a camera into near space and taken many unusual images of the Earth. Mathew and Asad then spend four months figuring out how to launch their own spacecraft into the space.

Travelling to space is expensive for NASA, but Mathew and Asad worked hard to keep their costs down. They bought much of their equipment used and even sewed the Lego man's parachute by hand. In total, the project cost only$400.

"We had a lot of anxiety on launch day because there were high winds when we were going up," Mathew told reporters. They had to pump extra helium(氦)into the balloon so that it would rise quickly and avoid being blown too far off course by the strong winds.

The toy astronaut's journey lasted 97 minutes before the balloon broke and he fell back to Earth. Mathew and Asad then spent two weekends looking for their spacecraft. It had landed 76miles away from the launch site.

The student scientists are currently finishing up their final year of high school and applying for colleges. They are also looking into more do-it-yourself space projects.

"I guess the sky is not really the limit anymore," Mathew told reporters. "We never knew we'd get this far. It's been a lesson for us that hard work pays off."

（1）By saying "took the world by storm" in the first paragraph, the writer meant the experiment______________.

A. destroyed the world

B. flooded the world

C. fascinated the world

D. managed the world

（2）Which of the following about the students at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology is right?

A.They were examples for Mathew Ho and Asad Muhammad.

B.They helped Mathew Ho and Asad Muhammad to achieve dream.

C.They launched weather balloon together with Mathew Ho and Asad Muhammad.

D.They studied with Mathew Ho and Asad Muhammad in the same school.

（3）How did Mathew Ho and Asad Muhammad keep their costs down?

A.By sewing the weather balloon themselves.

B.By borrowing spacecraft from the MIT students.

C.By making their spacecraft by hand.

D.By using second-hand equipment.

（4）What problems did Mathew Ho and Asad Muhammad have on launch day?

A.They ran out of helium.

B.The wind was too strong.

C.The balloon suddenly broke.

D.Their spacecraft was blown away.

【答案】（1）C

（2）A

（3）D

（4）B

【解析】【分析】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述两个来自加拿大的高三学生利用气象气球把他们的玩具乐高人送到太空的过程和结果，并从中学到了努力终会有回报。

（1）推理判断题。根据画线部分后面的Two teens from Toronto, in Canada, sent a Lego man rising above the Earth and captured their tiny astronaut's trip on film.两个来自加拿大的少年把乐高人送入太空，并且把航空之行的过程拍下来了。这是一件很了不起的事情，故推测这件事吸引了全世界的目光，即画线部分的意思是"吸引了全世界"，故选C项。

（2）细节理解题。根据文章第三段的The two teens were inspired by a similar project performed by students at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology(MIT).可知这两个孩子是受到了两个麻省理工学生相似实验的启发，然后做了他们自己的实验，即他们是这两个孩子的榜样，故选A项。

（3）细节理解题。根据文章第四段的They bought much of their equipment used and even sewed the Lego man's parachute by hand. In total, the project cost only$400.可知他们很多的设备都是二手的，甚至自己缝制乐高人的降落伞，所以他们的总费用才花了400美元，故选D项。

（4）细节理解题。根据文章第五段的"We had a lot of anxiety on launch day because there were high winds when we were going up,"Mathew told reporters.可知，在进行发射的那天风速很快，这让他们很担心，故选B项。

【点评】考查阅读理解。本文涉及细节理解题和推理判断题。细节理解题要注意从文中寻找答案；推理判断题需要联系上下文，推断出需要的信息。

7．阅读理解

If you follow these insider tips, your photos will look like you had the place to yourself at the popular tourist attractions.

Vatican Museums: Vatican City

The Vatican draws more than five million people each year, and queues can reach four hours during peak season. Christie Hudson, senior communications manager at Expedia, recommends, choosing a skip-the-1ine tour. "This not only lets you avoid the ticket counter, but also includes the use of a private partner entrance." Extra time to visit the Sistine Chapel? Yes!

Bamboo Forest: Kyoto, Japan

Bamboo Forest is the most worthy sight in Kyoto. If you're longing to enjoy the pathways and take pictures in total quietness, Kyoto Arashiyama Travel Guide recommends hitting the famous Bamboo Grove Path as early in the morning as possible—think 7 a.m. if you're up for it. Don't miss these hidden treasures you can only witness in Japan.

Chichen Itza: Yucatán, Mexico

Home to E1 Castillo and the Temple of the Warriors, Chichen Itza is a must-see. Want to beat the rush? Schedule an early tour that takes place before a site opens to the public. Led by an archaeologist guide, it's full of fascinating insights and facts—without tons of pack-wearing tourists.

Louvre Museum: Paris, France

The Louvre is one of the most popular museums on the planet. If waiting around in line to get in isn't the way you prefer to spend your time in Paris, consider purchasing a reserved ticket. This will give you entry to the pyramid within a half-hour window. The Louvre is also open until 9:45 p. m. on Wednesdays and Fridays, if you're up for some late-night art visits.

（1）What is recommended at Vatican Museums by Christie Hudson?

A. Queuing four hours.

B. Jumping the waiting line.

C. Taking a skip-the-line tour.

D. Visiting the Sistine Chapel.

（2）Which of the following are available for early tourists to avoid the rush?

A. Vatican Museums and Bamboo Forest.

B. Chichen Itza and Bamboo Forest.

C. Bamboo Forest and Louvre Museum.

D. Chichen Itza and Louvre Museum.

（3）Who might this passage be intended for?

A. Visitors interested in museums.

B. Guides at the tourist attractions.

C. People at the ticket counter.

D. Tourists to beat the rush.

【答案】（1）C

（2）B

（3）D

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇应用文，介绍了四个旅游景点，提供给“赶在高峰之前到达的游客”。

（1）考查细节理解。根据Vatican Museums:Vatican City部分中的“The Vatican draws more than five million people each year，and queues can reach four hours during peak season.Christie Hudson，senior communications manager at Expedia，recommends，choosing a skip-the-1ine tour.”可知，Christie Hudson在Vatican Museums中推荐aking a skip-the-line tour.故选C。（2）考查推理判断。根据Bamboo Forest:Kyoto，Japan部分中的“...Kyoto Arashiyama Travel Guide recommends hitting the famous Bamboo Grove Path as early in the morning as possible和Chichen Itza:Yucatán，Mexico中Want to beat the rush? Schedule an early tour that takes place before a site opens to the public.”可知，为避免高峰Chichen Itza 和Bamboo Forest是为早期

游客提供的。故选B。

（3）考查推理判断。根据第一段“If you follow these insider tips，your photos will look like you had the place to yourself at the popular tourist attractions.”可知，这篇文章可能是写给“为赶在高峰之前到达的游客”。故选D。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇广告类阅读，考生需要准确掌握细节信息，并根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。

8．阅读理解

Hi, I'm Neil Harbisso. I come from a place where the sky is always grey, where flowers are always grey, and where television is still in black and white.

I actually come from a world where color doesn't exist. I was born with achromatopsia. I was born completely color-blind. So I've never seen color, and don't know what it looks like. But since the age of 21, I can hear color thanks to a magic electronic eye called "eyeborg": a color sensor between my eyes connected to a chip(芯片) installed at the back of my head that transforms color frequencies into sound frequencies that I hear through my bone.

I've had the electronic eye permanently attached to my head and I've been listening to colors nonstop since 2004. So I find it completely normal now to hear colors all the time.

Since I started to hear color, my life has changed significantly. Art galleries have become concert halls. I can hear a Picasso. And supermarkets have become like night clubs. I love how they sound.

My sense of beauty has changed. Someone might look very beautiful but sound terrible, and someone might sound very harmonious but look awful. So I find it really exciting to create sound portraits(画像) of people. Instead of drawing the shape of someone's face I write down the different notes I hear when I look at them, and then I send them an mp3 of their face. Each face sounds different. I can even give face concerts now, concerts where I play the audience's faces. The good thing about doing this is that if the concert doesn't sound good, it's their fault.

I also found out that things I thought were colorless are not colorless at all. Cities are not grey. Lisbon is yellow turquoise(宝石绿); London is very golden red…and humans a re not black and white. Human skins range from light shades of orange to very dark shades of orange. We are all orange.

If we extend our senses, we will consequently extend our knowledge.

（1）We can infer from the article that people with achromatopsia ____________.

A. suffer from blindness

B. have a good sense of colors

C. are not able to see colors

D. like to go to concert halls and supermarkets （2）What does the author mean by saying "Art galleries have become concert halls"?

A. Art galleries have been changed into various sounds.

B. Works at the art galleries are created by great musicians.

C. Art galleries are filled with noisy people.

D. The author now likes art galleries as much as concert halls.

（3）Which of the following statements is NOT correct?

A. Neil developed a rare disease in his childhood.

B. The eyeborg produces sounds based on shades of colors.

C. Neil will use the eyeborg for the rest of his life.

D. In Neil's mind, all people are orange.

（4）What is the best title for the passage?

A. Eyeborg–a real life saver.

B. I listen to color.

C. Sense the world.

D. Art galleries turned into concert halls.

【答案】（1）C

（2）A

（3）A

（4）B

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，从小患有色盲的作者，利用颜色传感器来听自己看不见的颜色，从而形成了作者与众不同的美感。作者认为如果我们扩展我们的感官，我们将因此扩展我们的知识。

（1）考查推理判断。根据第二段中的“I actually come from a world where color doesn't exist.

I was born with achromatopsia. I was born completely color-blind.”我来自一个没有颜色的世界。我生来患有色盲。我生来就是色盲。可推断，患有色盲的人是看不见颜色的。故选C。

（2）考查句义猜测。根据第四段中的“Since I started to hear color, my life has changed significantly.”自从我开始听到颜色，我的生活发生了巨大的变化；以及空后“I can hear a Picasso.”我能听见毕加索的声音。可知作者说"艺术画廊变成了音乐厅"意思是对作者来说，艺术画廊已经变成了各种各样的声音。故选A。

（3）考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“I actually come from a world where color doesn't exist.

I was born with achromatopsia. I was born completely color-blind.”我来自一个没有颜色的世界。我生来患有色盲。我生来就是色盲。可知A选项"尼尔小时候得了一种罕见的疾病。"错误。故选A。

（4）考查主旨大意。根据第三段中的“I've had the electronic eye permanently attached to my head and I've been listening to colors nonstop since 2004. So I find it completely normal now to hear colors all the time.”我把电子眼固定在头上，从2004年开始我就不停地听彩色音乐。所以我发现现在一直听到颜色是完全正常的。以及文章主要内容为生来是色盲的作者讲述自己听颜色的事情，故选B。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测，推理判断和主旨大意四个题型的考查，是一篇故事类阅读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。

9．阅读理解

A study published in the journal Science reveals that since 1970, bird populations in the United

States and Canada have declined by 29 percent, or almost 3 billion birds. The results show tremendous losses across diverse groups of birds and habitats - from iconic songsters such as meadowlarks to long-distance migrants such as swallows.

"These data are consistent with what we're seeing elsewhere," said coauthor Peter Marra, former head of the Smithsonian Migratory Bird Center. It's urgent to address ongoing threats, both because the domino effects (多米诺效应)can lead to the decay of ecosystems that humans depend on for our own health and livelihoods and because people all over the world cherish birds in their own right. Can you imagine a world without birdsong?"

Evidence for the declines emerged from detection of migratory birds in the air from 143 NEXRAD weather radar stations across the continent in a period spanning over 10 years as well as from nearly 50 years of data collected through multiple monitoring efforts on the ground. Citizen-science participants also contributed a lot, for the analysis included citizen-science data from the North American Breeding Bird Survey coordinated by the Canadian Wildlife Service- the main sources of long-term, large-scale population data for North American birds.

The study noted that the largest factor driving these declines is likely the widespread loss and degradation of habitat, especially due to agricultural intensification and urbanization. Other studies have documented death from predation (捕食)by domestic cats; collisions with glass, buildings, and other structures; and pervasive (普遍的)use of pesticides associated with widespread declines in insects, an essential food source for birds. Climate change is expected to compound these challenges by altering habitats and threatening plant communities that birds need to survive.

"It's a wake-up call that we've lost more than a quarter of our birds in the U.S. and Canada," said coauthor Adam Smith from Environment and Climate Change Canada. But the crisis reaches far beyond our individual borders. Many of the birds that breed in Canadian backyards migrate through or spend the winter in the U.S. and places farther south - from Mexico and the Caribbean to Central and South America. What our birds need now is an historic, hemispheric effort that unites people and organizations with one common goal: bringing our birds back.

（1）The underlined word "decay" in Paragraph 2 is closest in meaning to____.

A.improvement

B.worsening

C.changed

D.threat

（2）What does Paragraph 3 mainly talk about?

A.New findings of the research.

B.Applications of the research.

C.Data sources of the research.

D.Methods of the research.

（3）What Adam Smith said mainly implies that___________.

A.bird populations in America and Canada dropped by a quarter

B.the bird population crisis is not just within individual borders

C.there is little individuals can do to help increase bird populations

D.the solution to solving the crisis needs international cooperation

【答案】（1）B

（2）C

（3）D

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇新闻报道。发表在《科学》杂志上的一项研究显示，美国和加拿大的鸟类数量已经下降了，鸟类和栖息地都遭受了巨大的损失，作者根据研究数据来说明解决这些问题迫在眉睫，需要全人类共同努力拯救鸟类。

（1）考查词义猜测。根据第二段中的“It's urgent to address ongoing threats, both because the domino effects （多米诺效应）can lead to the decay of ecosystems that humans depend on for our own health and livelihoods”可知，解决持续的威胁迫在眉睫，人类依赖生态系统以生存和保持健康，这里的威胁指多米诺效应会破坏人们的生态系统，可以判断多米诺效应会让生态系统恶化，故选B。

（2）考查段落大意。根据第三段“在过去10年中，在整个非洲大陆143个天气雷达站对候鸟的探测，以及通过在当地进行的多次监测工作收集到的近50年的数据......公民科学参与者也做出了很大贡献，分析北美繁殖鸟类调查数据，这是北美鸟类长期、大规模数据的主要来源。”可知，本段主要介绍了研究的数据来源，故选C。

（3）考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的“What our birds need now is an hi storic, hemispheric effort that unites people and organizations with one common goal: bringing our birds back.”可知，鸟类现在需要的是一项历史性的、半球性的努力，把人们和组织团结起来实现一个共同目标：把鸟类带回来，所以解决这个危机需要国际合作，故选D。

【点评】本题考点涉及段落大意，词义猜测和推理判断三个题型的考查，是一篇新闻报道。考生需要根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。

10．阅读理解

When Shakespeare was twenty-one, he went to London, a very interesting place, to try his fortune.

There was the famous London Bridge and St. Paul's Cathedral, and palaces and markets and long streets full of shops.

Then, too, there were the daily crowds where could be seen people from all over the world. Knights, scholars and the highwayman (拦路强盗）or thieves, who had been infamous for their clever robberies, passed by each other.

Here, also, were noblemen dressed in gold, from Italy and Spain and France; slaves from

Spanish America, sea captains and ministers, soldiers and servants—all held by chances or interests within the gray walls which circled London, and whose gates gave welcome to as strange a crowd as could be found in the world.

Into this curious crowd came Shakespeare, quick to see and eager to learn. And before long all these strange sights were as familiar to him as the faces of his own town's residents. Each one told its story to him so plainly that, as before he had learned the secrets of the fields and woods, so now he learned men and men's interests that make up the great world.

And he learned these lessons so well that when he came to write his plays, he made such use of them as no writer ever made before or since; for it is the use of this knowledge of the world, combined with his own genius, that makes Shakespeare the greatest dramatist that has ever lived.（1）What was London like in Shakespeare's eyes when he first went there?

A. Dirty and small.

B. Strange and interesting.

C. Infamous and terrible.

D. Familiar and modern.

（2）Which of the following best describes Shakespeare?

A. Shakespeare got inspiration to write from his hometown, London.

B. Shakespeare was eager to make friends with the noblemen in London.

C. Shakespeare was good at observing and learning from the daily life.

D. Shakespeare became the greatest dramatist owing to his own genius.

（3）What does the word "one" in paragraph 5 refer to?

A. Crowd.

B. Resident.

C. Face.

D. Sight.

（4）The passage probably comes from______.

A. a poster

B. a textbook

C. an advertisement

D. an announcement

【答案】（1）B

（2）C

（3）D

（4）B

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇名人轶事，介绍了文学大师莎士比亚年轻时去到伦敦第一天时遇到的有趣的事情。

（1）考查细节理解。根据第一段中的“a very interesting place”和第五段中的“all these stra nge sights”可知，在 Shakespeare 的眼中，伦敦是一个有趣而陌生的城市。故选B。（2）考查推理判断。根据第五段可知，Shakespeare来到伦敦不久之后，通过观察和学习了解了伦敦，并适应了那里的生活，由此可推断出，Shakespeare擅长观察日常生活并从中学习。故选C。

（3）考查代词指代。根据第五段中的“as before he had learned the secrets of the fields and woods”正如他以前所学到的田野和树林的秘密那样，可知，one指的是"像田野和树林一样的景象"。故选D。

（4）考查推理判断。本文主要讲述了莎士比亚到伦敦的经历，所以这篇文章最有可能出现在一本教材中。故选B。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，代词指代和推理判断三个题型的考查，是一篇人物类阅读，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，并根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，从而选出

正确答案。

11．阅读理解

It was the beginning of 2011. I had just finished filming the first season of Game of Thrones(《权利的游戏》). With almost no professional experience, I had been given the role of Daenerys Targaryen. The show was so successful that young girls would dress themselves up as Daenerys for Halloween.

And yet, terrified of the attention, terrified of trying to make good on the faith that the creators had put in me, I worked much harder.

On the morning of February 11, 2011, I was getting dressed in a gym when I started to feel a bad headache. I was so exhausted that I could barely put on my sneakers. I tried to ignore the pain, but I couldn't. I reached the toilet and sank to my knees. A woman came to help me. Then everything became unclear. I only remember the sound of an ambulance.

That operation lasted three hours. When I woke, the pain was unbearable. After four days, they moved me out of the I.C.U. (重症监护室). But one day when a nurse asked me, as part of a series of cognitive (认知的) exercises, " What's your name?", I couldn't remember my name and I felt terrified: I am an actor; I need to remember my lines. Now, I couldn't recall my name.

The phenomenon is called aphasia. Then I was sent back to the I.C.U. and, after about a week, I was able to speak and know my name. And I was also aware that there were people in the beds around me who didn't make it out of the I.C.U. I was continually reminded of just how fortunate I was.

I rarely gave a thought to my health. Nearly all I thought about was acting. I thought of myself as healthy. Once in a while, I would get dizzy. When I was fourteen, I had a migraine (偏头痛) that kept me in bed for a couple of days. But it all seemed manageable — part of the stress of being an actor. Now I think I might have been experiencing warning signs of what was to come.

Anyway, there is something pleasant about coming to the end of Thrones. And I'm so happy to be here to see the beginning of whatever comes next.

（1）The author felt terrified after acting in the first season of Game of Thrones because _____.

①she felt nervous about the public attention.

②s he had been criticized for her lack of experience.

③she was experiencing some warning signs of a serious illness.

④she wasn't sure if she had performed well in Season 1.

A. ①④

B. ②③

C. ①②

D. ③④

（2）When did the author lose consciousness?

A. After she took an operation.

B. After a woman came to her rescue in a gym.

C. When trying to ignore a headache while working out.

D. When knowing many patients wouldn't survive the illness.

（3）A patient who is suffering from aphasia ______.

A. cannot move his or her body

B. will fall into serious depression

C. must undergo brain surgery at once

D. is not able to remember things from the past （4）What can you infer from the end of the passage?

A. The author feels very lucky to be an actress.

B. The author is quite confident about her role.

C. The author can't go on acting due to the illness.

D. The author will pay more attention to her health.

【答案】（1）A

（2）B

（3）D

（4）D

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，作者讲述了自己在作为一名演员对待工作非常认真努力却忽视了自己的身体健康，直到有一天她晕倒并进了重症病房接受治疗，她才意识到要重视身体健康。

（1）考查细节理解。根据第一段中的“With almost no professional experience, I had been given the role of Daenerys Targaryen. ”由于几乎没有任何专业经验，我得到了丹妮莉丝·坦格利安这个角色。可知作者觉得她认为自己没经验害怕不能很好完成；“And yet, terrified of the attention, terrified of trying to make good on the faith that the creators had put in me, I worked much harder.” 然而，由于害怕受到关注，害怕兑现创作者对我的信任，我更加努力地工作。可知作者害怕公众的关注。故选A。

（2）考查细节理解。根据第三段中的“A woman came to help me. Then everything became unclear.”可知，一个女人来帮助我。然后一切都变得模糊不清。作者是一个女人在健身房里救了她之后失去意识的。故选B。

（3）考查推理判断。根据第四段中的“But one day when a nurse asked me, as part of a series of cognitive (认知的) exercises, ‘ What's your name?’, I couldn't remember my name and I felt terrified: I am an actor; I need to remember my lines. Now, I couldn't recall my name.”这个过程的描述可知，患有失语症者会记不得事情，哪怕是自己的姓名。故一个患有失语症的病人会不记得过去的事情。故选D。

（4）考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的“Anyway, there is something pleasant about coming to the end of Thrones. And I'm so happy to be here to see the beginning of whatever comes next.”可知，不管怎样，能演完《权力的游戏》是一件令人愉快的事情。我很高兴还在这里，见证未来的开始。所以通过这次生病，作者意识到自己的健康出了问题，但作者很感激自己身体还是很健康，判断出作者将来会更加注意她的健康。更好地演戏。故选D。【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇故事类阅读，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，并根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。

12．阅读理解

The new social robots, including Jibo, Cozmo, Kuri and Meccano M.A.X., bear some resemblance to assistants like Apple's Siri, but these robots come with something more. They are designed to win us over not with their smarts but with their personality. They are sold as companions that do more than talk to us. Time magazine hailed (称赞) the robots that "could

fundamentally reshape how we interact with machines." But is reshaping how we interact with machines a good thing, especially for children?

Some researchers in favor of the robots don't see a problem with this. People have relationships with many kinds of things. Some say robots are just another thing with which we can have relationships. To support their argument, roboticists sometimes point to how children deal with toy dolls. Children animate (赋予…生命) dolls and turn them into imaginary friends. Jibo, in a sense, will be one more imaginary friend, and arguably a more intelligent and fun one.

Getting attached to dolls and sociable machines is different, though. Today's robots tell children that they have emotions, friendships, even dreams to share. In reality, the whole goal of the robots is emotional trickery. For instance, Cozmo the robot needs to be fed, repaired and played with. Boris Sofman, the chief executive of Anki, the company behind Cozmo, says that the idea is to create "a deeper and deeper emotional connection ... And if you neglect him, you feel the pain of that." What is the point of this, exactly? What does it mean to feel the pain of neglecting something that feels no pain at being neglected, or to feel anger at being neglected by something that doesn't even know it is neglecting you?

This should not be our only concern. It is troubling that these robots try to empathize with children. Empathy allows us to put ourselves in the place of others, to know what they are feeling. Robots, however, have no emotions to share, and they cannot put themselves in our place. No matter what robotic creatures "say" or squeak, they don't understand our emotional lives. They present themselves as empathy machines, but they are missing the essential equipment. They have not been born, they don't know pain, or death, or fear. Robot thinking may be thinking, but robot feeling is never feeling, and robot love is never love.

What is also troubling is that children take robots' behavior to indicate feelings. When the robots interact with them, children take this as evidence that the robots like them, and when robots don't work when needed, children also take it personally. Their relationships with the robots affect their self-esteem (自尊). In one study, an 8-year-old boy concluded that the robot stopped talking to him because the robot liked his brothers better.

For so long, we dreamed of artificial intelligence offering us not only simple help but conversation and care. Now that our dream is becoming real, it is time to deal with the emotional downside of living with robots that "feel."

（1）How are the new social robots different from Siri?

A. They are intended to teach children how to talk.

B. They are designed to attract people with their smarts.

C. Their main function is to evaluate children's personality.

D. They have a new way to communicate with human beings.

（2）In Paragraph 3 Cozmo is used as an example to show that the social robots ______.

A. are deeply connected with human beings

B. are unable to build a real relationship with children

C. are so advanced that they can feel the pain of human beings

D. are not good enough to carry out the instructions of children

（3）The underlined phrase "essential equipment" in Paragraph 4 refers to ______.

A. emotion

B. pain

C. fear

D. thinking

（4）Which of the following shows the development of ideas in the passage?

I: Introduction P: Point Sp: Sub-point (次要点) C: Conclusion

A. B.

C. D.

【答案】（1）D

（2）B

（3）A

（4）B

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇议论文，新的社交机器人与以往机器人不同，他们不仅比我们聪明还有他们的个性。时代周刊称它彻底改变了我们与机器互动的方式。但是对这种改变有的科学家赞同而有很多人也很担忧。

（1）考查推理判断。根据第一段中的“ The new social robots, including Jibo, Cozmo, Kuri and Meccano M.A.X., bear some resemblance to assistants like Apple's Siri, but these robots come with something more. ”可知，新的社交机器人与像苹果的Siri这样的助理有相同之处，但比它们有更多功能；再根据第一段中的“Time magazine hailed (称赞) the robots that “could fundamentally reshape how we interact with machines.”可知，社交机器人彻底改变了我们与机器互动的方式，可以推知以一种新的方式与人们交流互动。故选D。

（2）考查推理判断。Cozmo是第三段的举例，举例肯定是用来证明本段或者其前边的观点的。本段的中心是“Getting attached to dolls and sociable machines is different, though.”与洋娃娃相处与与社交机器相处是不同的；再根据第三段中的“What does it mean to feel the pain of neglecting something that feels no pain at being neglected, or to feel anger at being neglected by something that doesn't even know it is neglecting you?”你觉得忽略了机器人而难受，但是机器人并不会感觉被忽略，或者你感觉机器人冷落了你而难受但是机器人根本不知道它冷落了你，这些意味着什么呢？可知，社交机器人并不能真的跟小朋友建立感情。故选B。（3）考查词义猜测。根据第四段中的“They have not b een born, they don't know pain, or death, or fear. Robot thinking may be thinking, but robot feeling is never feeling, and robot love is never love.”可知，社交机器人不知道疼，死亡或害怕。社交机器人的思维可能是在想，但是他们的感觉从来不是感觉，他们的爱也从来不是爱。这句话是证明划线单词所在句子的论点的，他们是会同情的机器，但是他们缺少感情，导致他们所谓的感情是假的。所以划