词汇学模拟试卷4及答案

《英语词汇学》模拟试卷(四)

I.Choose the best answer and then put the letter of your choice in the given brackets. (30%)

1. In the Western set, Greek is the modern language derived from ______.

A. Celtic

B. Germanic

C. Italic

D. Hellenic ( )

2. According to the ______ of affixes, we can put them into two groups: inflectional and derivational affixes.

A. positions

B. structure

C. pronunciation

D. functions ( )

3. There was ______ agreement between sound and form in Old English than in Modern English.

A. less

B. a bit less

C. more

D. a bit more ( )

4. Which of the following words is not a functional word?

A. but

B. four

C. they

D. about ( )

5. The word “contradiction” contains no ______.

A. free morpheme

B. stem

C. bund morpheme

D. root ( )

6. The words “AIDS” and “NATO” are regarded as ______.

A. blends

B. compounds

C. acronyms

D. initialisms ( )

7. The word ______ is regarded as a deverbal noun.

A. popularity

B. protection

C. productivity

D. priestess ( )

8. Lexical meaning and ______ meaning make up the word meaning.

A. grammatical

B. semantic

C. associative

D. conceptual ( )

9. Because many words have more than one meaning, ______ is a common feature peculiar to all natural languages.

A. synonymy

B. homonymy

C. polysemy

D. hyponymy ( )

10. The words “same” and “different” are regarded as ______ terms.

A. contradictory

B. relative

C. contrary

D. graded ( )

11. Pejoration of meaning is the opposite of semantic ______.

A. transfer

B. extension

C. narrowing

D. elevation ( )

12. The meaning of a word may be influenced by the structure where it occurs, which

is called ______ context.

A. lexical

B. grammatical

C. linguistic

D. non-linguistic ( )

13. The word “lip” in the phrase “the lip of a wound” is regarded as a ______

motivated word.

A. semantically

B. etymologically

C. morphologically

D. onomatopoeically ( )

14. The order of meanings in CCELD indicates the ______ changes of words.

A. phonological

B. semantic

C. morphological

D. grammatical ( )

15. Linguistic dictionaries usually cover such areas as ______.

A. spelling and pronunciation

B. meaning and function

C. usage and etymology

D. all the above ( ) II. Complete the following statements with proper words or expressions given in the course book. (15%)

1. The basic word stock is the foundation of the vocabulary accumulated over the

centuries and forms the common ________________ of the language.

2. The words which were borrowed early in the past and now are well assimilated into the English language are known as ____________________.

3. In the early period of Modern English, Europe saw a new upsurge of learning

ancient ________________ and Roman classics.

4. Norwegian, __________________, Danish and Swedish are generally known as

Scandinavian languages.

5. The plural morpheme has a number of ______________ in different sound context.

6. Affixes added to other morphemes to create new words are called ______________ affixes.

7. The words created by conversion are new only in a _________________ sense.

8. The sense of an expression is its place in a system of __________________ relationships with other expressions in the language.

9. Perfect homonyms and polysemants are fully identical with regard to spelling and __________________.

10. Antonyms have various practical uses and have long been proved helpful and valuable in defining the __________________ of words.

11. It is often impossible to get to know the meaning of a word before it is used in

________________.

12. Transfer may also occur between abstract and ________________ meanings.

13. Idioms consist of set _________________ and sentences.

14. The rhetorical device used in the idiom “chop and change” is generally regarded as ________________.

15. The dictionary is the poor speller’s best friend. It gives the accepted ___________

for all words.

III. Decide whether the following statements are true or false and then put in the brackets the letter “T” if the statement is true or “F” if it is false. (15%)

1. Generally speaking, in different languages the same concept can be represented by different sounds ( )

2. It is estimated that English borrowings constitute 80 percent of the modern English vocabulary. ( )

3. The Germanic tribes were considered to be the first peoples known to inhabit the British Isles. ( )

4. There is an inflectional morpheme in the word “dictionary”. ( )

5. In view of their distribution in the formation of English words, affixes can fall into prefixes and suffixes. ( )

6. The word “zoo” is created by clipping the back of a phrase. ( )

7. The same word has the same associative meaning to all the speakers of the same language. ( )

8. Synonyms share a likeness in denotation as well as in part of speech. ( )

9. Analogy is thought to be one of the linguistic factors leading to the changes of word-meaning. ( ) 10. True idioms are those whose meanings can be deduced from those of the individual constituents. ( ) 11. The ambiguity of the sentence “The ball is attractive,” is caused by inadequate grammatical context. ( ) 12. Such words as “useless” and “bad-mouth” are regarded as morphologically motivated words. ( )

13. In the idiom “pick and choose”, juxtaposition is used. ( )

14. The Oxford Dictionary of English Etymology is generally known as a specialized dictionary. ( ) 15. Readers can find the information concerning the origins of words in most of the British dictionaries. ( ) IV．Answer the following questions. (20%)

1.What are the differences between a bound morpheme and a bound root?

2.What is the main difference between prefixes and suffixes?

3.What is collocative meaning? What are the characteristics of collocative meaning?

4.What is the difference between radiation and concatenation?

5.What are the two main types of linguistic context?

V. Analyze and comment on the following.(20%)

1. Point out the formation of the following words.

motel workfare memo pop BBC AIDS

2. Comment on the following two sentences in terms of superordinates and subordinates.

a. Her brother got a book in the university last week.

b. Her brother borrowed a dictionary from the library last Monday.

《英语词汇学》模拟试卷(四)

参考答案

I. 选择题

1. D

2. D

3. C

4. B

5. A

6. C

7. B

8. A

9. C 10. A 11. D 12. B 13. A 14. B 15. D

II. 填空题

1. core

2. denizens

3. Greek

4. Danish

5. allomorphs

6. derivational

7. grammatical

8. semantic

9. pronunciation 10. meanings 11. context 12. concrete

13. phrases 14. alliteration 15. spelling

III. 是非题

1. T

2. T

3. F

4. F

5. T

6. T

7. F

8. T

9. T 10. F 11. F 12. F 13. F 14. T 15. F

IV. 问答题

1. Bound morphemes which cannot occur as separate words include two types: bound root and affix. A bound morpheme may be either a bound root or an affix. Bound roots, only one type of bound morphemes, are included in bound morphemes.

2. Prefixes do not generally change the word classes of stems. In other words, most of the prefixes are characterized by their non-class-change nature. Their chief function is to change the meanings of stems. Unlike prefixes, suffixes have only a small semantic role, their primary function being to change the grammatical function of stems.

3. Collocative meaning consists of the associations a word acquires in its collocation. In other words, it is that part of the word-meaning suggested by the words before or after the word in discussion. Collocative meaning overlaps with stylistic and affective meanings because in a sense both stylistic and affective meanings are revealed by means of collocations.

4. Unlike radiation where each of the derived meanings is directly connected to the primary meaning, concatenation describes a process where each of the later meanings is related only to the preceding one like chains.

5. Linguistic context can be subdivided into lexical context and grammatical context. Lexical context refers to the words that occur together with the word in question. This meaning of the word is affected and defined by the neighboring words. Grammatical context refers to the structure in which a word occurs. The meanings of a word may be influenced by the structure. Though less common, it is by no means rare.

V. 论述题

1. 1) Motel and workfare are blends. Motel is formed by combining the head of motor and the tail of hotel, and workfare is formed by combining the word “work”and the tail of welfare.

2) Memo and pop are clipped words. Memo is formed by clipping the tail of the word “memorandum”, and pop is formed by clipping the tail of the phrase “popular music”.

3) BBC and AIDS are new words created through acronymy. BBC from “British

Broadcasting Corporation” is an initialism, AIDS from “acquired immune

deficiency syndrome” is an acronym.

2. 1) The relationships between some words used in the above two sentences is hyponymy.

2) In the first sentence, “got”, “book”, “university” and “week” are all superordinates, while “borrowed”, “dictionary”, “library” and “Monday” in the second sentence are all subordinates compared with the corresponding expression in the previous sentence.

3) The second sentence is clearer because subordinates are vivid, exact, precise and concrete.