焊接术语翻译.
焊接术语翻译
喇叭形坡口flare groove
锁底坡口single bevel groove with backing locked 坡形板边tapered edge
焊缝weld
接逢seam
焊缝符号welding symbol
焊缝金属weld metal
填充金属filler metal
熔敷金属deposited metal
焊缝表面weld face/ face of weld
焊缝背面back of weld
焊缝轴线axis of weld
焊缝尺寸size of weld
焊缝宽度weld width/ width of weld
焊缝长度weld length/ length of weld
焊缝有效长度effective length of weld
焊缝厚度throat depth/ throat thickness
焊缝计算厚度theoretical throat
焊缝实际厚度actual throat
熔深penetration/ depth of penetration
焊缝成形appearance of weld
焊缝成形系数form factor of weld
余高reinforcement/ excess weld metal
背面余高root reinforcement
削平焊缝flush weld/ weld machined flush
对接焊缝butt weld
角焊缝fillet
焊脚leg/ fillet weld leg
角焊缝断面形状profile of fillet weld
平形角焊缝flat fillet
凸形角焊缝convex fillet weld
凹形角焊缝concave fillet weld
角焊缝凹度concavity
侧面角焊缝side fillet weld/ fillet weld in parallel shear
正面角焊缝front fillet weld/ fillet weld in normal shear
立角焊缝fillet weld in the vertical position
横角焊缝fillet weld in the horizontal position
平角焊缝fillet weld in the flat position
斜角焊缝oblique fillet weld
连续焊缝continuous weld
断续焊缝intermittent weld 连续角焊缝continuous fillet weld
断续角焊缝intermittent fillet weld
交错断续角焊缝staggered intermittent fillet weld
并列断续角焊缝chain intermittent fillet weld
端接焊缝edge weld
卷边焊缝flanged edge weld
塞焊焊缝plug weld
纵向焊缝longitudinal weld
横向焊缝transverse weld
环行焊缝girth weld/ circumferential weld
螺旋形焊缝spiral weld/ helical weld
密封焊缝seal weld
承载焊缝strength weld
联系焊缝connective weld
定位焊缝tack weld
焊道bead/ run/ pass
焊波ripple
焊根weld root/ root of weld
焊趾weld toe/ toe
封底焊道sealing run (after making main weld)/ b ack weld
打底焊道backing weld (before making main weld) / back weld
根部焊道root pass/ root run
填充焊道filling bead
盖面焊道cosmetic bead/ cover pass
回火焊道temper bead/ annealing bead
熔透焊道penetration bead
焊层layer
焊接接头welded joint
接头形状joint geometry
等强匹配接头equal matching weld joint
低强匹配接头undermatching weld joint
超强匹配接头overmatching weld joint
接头根部root of joint
对接接头butt joint
I形对接接头square butt joint
V形对接接头single V butt joint
U形对接接头single U butt joint
J形坡口接头single J butt joint
双V形对接接头double V butt joint
双单边V形对接接头double bevel butt joint/ K gro ove butt joint
带钝边U形对接接头double U butt joint
带钝边J形坡口接头double J joint
角接接头corner joint
T形接头T joint
斜T形接头inclined T joint
十字接头cruciform joint/ cross-shaped joint
三联接头joint among three members
搭接接头lap joint
套管接头muff joint/ sleeve joint
双盖板接头double strapped joint
盖板接头strapped joint
端接接头edge joint
卷边接头flanged edge joint
锁底对接接头lock butt joint
斜对接接头oblique butt joint
混合接头mixed joint/ composite joint
有间隙接头open joint
无间隙接头closed joint
焊接电弧welding arc
电弧形态arc shape
电弧物理行为arc physics behaviour
引弧striking arc
引弧电压striking voltage
电弧气氛arc atmosphere
阴极cathode
热阴极hot cathode
冷阴极cold cathode
阴极斑点cathode spot
阴极区cathode region
阴极区电场强度intensity of the electric field in the cathode region
阴极压降cathode drop
阳极anode
阳极斑点anode spot
斑点压力spot pressure
阳极区anode region
阳极区电场强度intensity of the electric field in the anode region
阳极压降anode drop
弧柱arc column/ arc stream
弧柱压降voltage drop in arc column
弧柱电位梯度potential gradient in the arc column 弧焰arc flame
弧心arc core
硬电弧forceful arc/ hard arc 软电弧soft arc
旋转电弧rotating arc
脉冲电弧pulsed arc
脉冲喷射电弧pulsed spray arc
起皱现象puckering phenomena
起皱电弧puckering arc
起皱临界电流puckering critical current
间接电弧indirect arc
压缩电弧compressive arc
磁控电弧magnetic controlling arc
电弧力arc force
电磁力electromagnectic force
电磁收缩效应pinch effect
电弧飘移wandering of arc
电弧稳定性arc stability
电弧静特性static characteristic of arc
电弧动特性dynamic characteristic of arc
最小电压原理principle of minimum voltage 电弧挺度arc stiffness
电弧偏吹arc blow
磁偏吹magnetic blow
阴极清理作用cleaning action of the cathode 电弧自身调节arc self-regulation
挖掘作用digging action
极性效应polarity effect
熔滴droplet
熔滴比表面积specific surface of droplet
熔滴过渡metal transfer
过度频率transition frequency
粗滴过渡globular transfer; drop transfer
短路过渡short circuiting transfer
喷射过渡spray transfer
旋转喷射过渡rotating spray transfer
脉冲喷射过渡pulsed spray transfer
爆炸过渡explosive transfer
渣壁过渡flux wall guided transfer
熔池molten pool
沸腾状熔池boiling molten pool
弧坑crater
熔渣slag
渣系slag system
渣系相图slag system diagram
碱性渣basic slag
酸性渣acid slag
碱度basicity
酸度acidity
长渣long slag
短渣short slag
粘性熔渣viscous slag
氧化物型熔渣oxide melting slag
盐型熔渣salt melting slag
盐-氧化物型熔渣salt-oxide melting slag
熔渣流动性fluidity of the slag; slag fluidity
熔渣solidified slag
多孔焊渣porous slag
玻璃状焊渣vitreous slag
自动脱落焊渣self-releasing slag
脱渣性slag detachability
焊接设备welding equipment; welding set
焊机welding machine; welder
电焊机electric welding machine; electric welder 焊接电源welding power source
焊接热循环weld thermal cycle
焊接温度场field of weld temperature; weld temp erature field
准稳定温度场quasi-stationary temperature field 焊接热源welding heat source
点热源point heat source
线热源linear heat source
面热源plane heat source
瞬时集中热源instantaneous concentration heat so urce
热效率thermal efficiency
热能集中系数coefficient of heat flow concentratio n
峰值温度peak temperature
瞬时冷却速度momentary cooling rate
冷却时间cooling time
置换氧化substitutionary oxydation
扩散氧化diffusible oxydation
脱氧desoxydation
先期脱氧precedent desoxydation
扩散脱氧diffusible desoxydation
沉淀脱氧precipitation desoxydation
扩散氢diffusible hydrogen
初始扩散氢initial diffusible hydrogen
100℃残余扩散氢diffusible hydrogen remained at 100℃残余氢residual hydrogen
去氢dehydrogenation
去氢热处理heat treatment for dehydrogenation
脱硫desulphurization
脱磷dephosphorization
渗合金alloying
微量合金化microalloying
一次结晶组织primary solidification structure
二次结晶组织secondary solidification structure
联生结晶epitaxial solidification
焊缝结晶形态solidification mode in weld-bead
结晶层状线ripple
多边化边界polygonization boundary
结晶平均线速度mean solidification rate
针状铁素体acicular ferrite
条状铁素体lath ferrite
侧板条铁素体ferrite side-plate
晶界欣素体grain boundary ferrite; polygonal ferri te; pro-entectoid ferrite
粒状贝氏体granular bainite
板条马氏体lath martensite
过热组织overheated structure
魏氏组织Widmannst?tten structure
M-A组元martensite-austenite constituent
焊件失效分析failure analysis of weldments
冷裂判据criterion of cold cracking
冷裂敏感系数cold cracking susceptibity coefficient 脆性温度区间brittle temperature range
氢脆hydrogen embrittlement
层状偏析lamellar segregation
愈合healing effect
断口金相fractography
断口fracture
延性断口ductile fracture
韧窝断口dimple fracture
脆性断口brittle fracture
解理断口cleavage fracture
准解理断口quasi-cleavage fracture
氢致准解理断口hydrogen-embrittlement induced
沿晶断口intergranular fracture
穿晶断口transgranular fracture
疲劳断口fatigue fracture
滑移面断口glide plane fracture
断口形貌fracture apperance
断口试验fracture test
宏观断口分析macrofractography
放射区radical zone
纤维区fibrous zone
剪切唇区shear lip aone
焊接性weldability
使用焊接性service weldability
工艺焊接性fabrication weldability
冶金焊接性metallurgical weldability
热焊接性thermal weldability
母材base metal; parent metal
焊接区weld zone
焊态as-welded (AW)
母材熔化区fusion zone
半熔化区partial melting region
未混合区unmixed zone
熔合区bond area
熔合线weld junction (英)；bond line (美)
热影响区heat-affected zone (HAZ)
过热区overheated zone
粗晶区coarse grained region
细晶区fine grained region
过渡区transition zone
硬化区hardened zone
碳当量carbon equivalent
铬当量chromium equivalent
镍当量nickel equivalent
舍夫勒组织图Schaeffler's diagram
德龙组织图Delong’s diagram
连续冷却转变图（CCT图）continuous cooling transf ormation
裂纹敏感性cracking sensibility
焊接裂纹weld crack
焊缝裂纹weld metal crack
焊道裂纹bead crack
弧坑裂纹crater crack
热影响区裂纹heat-affected zone crack
纵向裂纹longitudinal crack
横向裂纹transverse crack
微裂纹micro-crack; micro-fissure
热裂纹hot crack
凝固裂纹solidification crack
晶间裂纹intercrystalline crack
穿晶裂纹transcrystalline crack 多边化裂纹polygonization crack
液化裂纹liquation crack
失延裂纹ductility-dip crack
冷裂纹cold crack
延迟裂纹delayed crack
氢致裂纹hydrogen-induced crack
焊道下裂纹underbead crack
焊根裂纹root crack
焊趾裂纹toe crack
锯齿形裂纹chevron cracking
消除应力处理裂纹stress relief annealing crack (SR crack)
再热裂纹reheat crack
焊缝晶间腐蚀weld intercryctalline corrosion
刀状腐蚀knife line attack
敏化区腐蚀weld decay
层状撕裂lamellar tearing
焊接性试验weldability
裂纹试验cracking test
IIW裂纹试验IIW cracking test
Y形坡口裂纹试验slit type cracking test
分块形槽热裂纹试验segmented circular groove cra cking test
H形裂纹试验H-type cracking test
鱼骨形裂纹试验fishbone cracking test
指形裂纹试验finger (cracking) test
T形裂纹试验Tee type cracking test
环形槽裂纹试验circular-groove cracking test
可调拘束裂纹试验varestraint test
BWRA奥氏体钢裂纹试验BWRA cracking test for a ustenitie steel
圆棒裂纹试验bar type cracking test; round bar cr acking test
里海裂纹试验Lehigh restraint cracking test
圆形镶块裂纹试验circular-path cracking test
十字接头裂纹试验cruciform cracking test
Z向窗口拘束裂纹试验Z-direction window type rest raint cracking test
G-BOP焊缝金属裂纹试验G-BOP weld metal crack t est
巴特尔焊道下裂纹试验Battelle type underbead crac king test
U形拉伸试验U-tension test
缪雷克期热裂纹试验Murex hot cracking test
菲斯柯裂纹试验FISCO (type) cracking test
CTS裂纹试验controlled thermal severity
拉伸拘束裂纹试验（TRC试验）tensile restraint cracki ng test
刚性拘束裂纹试验（RRC试验）rigid restraint crackin g test
插销试验implant test
Tigamajig 薄板焊接裂纹试验Tigamajing thin plate cracking test
焊道纵向弯曲试验longitudinal-bead test
柯麦雷尔弯曲试验Kommerell bead bend test
肯泽尔弯曲试验Kinzel test
缺口弯曲试验notch bend test
热朔性试验hot-ductility test
热影响区冲击试验impact test of HAZ
热影响区模拟试验synthetic heat-affected zone tes t
最高硬度试验maximum hardness test
落锤试验NRL (Naval Research Laboratory)
测氢试验Hydrogen test
焊接材料
电极
焊接材料welding consumables
电极electrode
熔化电极consumable electrode
不熔化电极nonconsumable electrode
钨电极tungsten electrode
焊丝welding wire. Welding rod
实心焊丝solid wire
渡铜焊丝copper-plating welding wire
自保护焊丝self-shielded welding wire
药芯焊丝flux-cored wire
复合焊丝combined wire
堆焊焊丝surfacing welding rod
填充焊丝filler wire
焊条electrode/ covered electrode
焊芯core wire
药皮coating (of an electrode)/ covering (of an e lectrode)
涂料coating flux/coating material
造气剂gas forming constituents
造渣剂slag forming constituents
合金剂alloying constituent
脱氧剂dioxidizer 稳弧剂arc stabilizer
粘接剂binder
水玻璃water glass
水玻璃模数modules of water glass
酸性焊条acid electrode
高钛型焊条high titania (type) electrode
钛钙型焊条lime titania type electrode
钛铁矿形焊条ilmenite type electrode
氧化铁型焊条iron oxide type electrode/ high iron oxide type electrode
高纤维素型焊条high cellulose (type) electrode
石墨型焊条graphite type electrode
碱性焊条basic electrode/ lime type covered electr ode
低氢型焊条low hydrogen type electrode
高韧性超低氢焊条high toughness super low hydro gen electrode
奥氏体焊条austenitic electrode
铁素体焊条ferritic electrode
不锈钢焊条stainless steel electrode
珠光体耐热钢焊条pearlitic heat resistant steel elec trode
低温钢焊条low temperature steel electrode/ steel electrode for low temperature
铝合金焊条aluminum alloy arc welding electrode 铜合金焊条copper-alloy arc welding electrode
铜芯铸铁焊条cast iron electrode with steel core 纯镍铸铁焊条pure nickel cast iron electrode
球墨铸铁焊条electrode for welding spheroidal gra phite cast iron
铸芯焊条electrode with cast core wire
镍基合金焊条nickel base alloy covered electrode 蒙乃尔焊条Monel electrode
纯铁焊条pure iron electrode
渗铝钢焊条alumetized steel electrode
高效率焊条high efficiency electrode
铁粉焊条iron powder electrode
底层焊条backing welding electrode
深熔焊条deep penetration electrode
重力焊条gravity electrode
立向下焊条electrode for vertical down position w elding
节能焊条saving energy electrode
水下焊条underwater welding electrode
耐海水腐蚀焊条seawater corrosion resistant steel electrode
低尘低毒焊条low-fume and harmfulless electrode/ low-fume and low-toxic electrode
堆焊焊条surfacing electrode
耐磨堆焊焊条hardfacing electrode
钴基合金堆焊焊条cobalt base alloy surfacing electr ode
碳化钨堆焊焊条tungsten carbide surfacing electrod e
高锰钢堆焊焊条high manganese steel surfacing ele ctrode
双芯焊条twin electrode
绞合焊条stranded electrode
编织焊条braided electrode
双层药皮焊条double coated electrode
管状焊条flux-cored electrode
气渣联合保护型药皮semi-volatile covering
焊条工艺性usability of the electrode/ technicality of the electrode
焊条使用性running characteristics of an electrode / operating characteristics of an electrode
焊条熔化性melting characteristics of an electrode 焊条直径core diameter
焊条偏心度eccentricity (of an electrode)
药皮重量系数gravity coefficient of coating
焊条药皮含水量percentage of moisture for coverin g
焊条夹吃持端bare terminal (of an electrode)
焊条引弧端striking end (of an elcetrode)
焊剂welding flux/ flux
熔炼焊剂fused flux
粘结焊剂bonded flux
烧结焊剂sintered flux/ agglomerated flux
窄间隙埋弧焊焊剂flux for narrow-gap submerged a rc welding
低氢型焊剂low hydrogen type flux
高速焊剂high speed welding flux
无氧焊剂oxygen-free flux
低毒焊剂low poison flux
磁性焊剂magnetic flux
电弧焊arc welding
直流电弧焊direct current arc welding
交流电弧焊alternating current arc welding 三相电弧焊three phase arc welding
熔化电弧焊arc welding with consumable
金属极电弧焊metal arc welding
不熔化极电弧焊arc welding with nonconsumable 碳弧焊carbon arc welding
明弧焊open arc welding
焊条电弧焊shielded metal arc welding (SMAW) 重力焊gravity welding
躺焊fire cracker welding
电弧堆焊arc surfacing
自动堆焊automatic surfacing
躺板极堆焊surfacing by fire cracker welding
带极堆焊surfacing with band-electrode
振动电弧堆焊vibratory arc surfacing
耐磨堆焊hardfacing
埋弧焊submerged arc welding (SAW)
多丝埋弧焊multiple wire submerged arc welding 纵列多丝埋弧焊Tandem sequence (submerged-arc welding)
横列多丝埋弧焊series submerged arc welding (SA W-S)
横列双丝并联埋弧焊transverse submerged arc wel ding
热丝埋弧焊hot wire submerged-arc welding
窄间隙埋弧焊narrow-gap submerged arc welding 弧压反馈电弧焊arc voltage feedback controlling a rc welding
自调节电弧焊self-adjusting arc welding
适应控制焊接adaptive control welding
焊剂层burden; flux layer
气体保护电弧焊gas shielded arc welding
保护气体protective atmosphere
惰性气体inert-gas
活性气体active-gas
惰性气体保护焊inert-gas (arc) welding
氩弧焊argon arc welding
熔化极惰性气体保护电弧焊metal inert-gas arc weld ing
钨极惰性气体保护电弧焊tungsten inert-gas arc wel ding
钨极氢弧焊argon tungsten arc welding
脉冲氢弧焊pulsed argon arc welding
熔化极脉冲氢弧焊argon metal pulsed arc welding 钨极脉冲氢弧焊argon tungsten pulsed arc weldin
g
热丝MIG焊hot wire MIG welding
热丝TIG焊hot wire TIG welding
氨弧焊helium-arc welding
活性气体保护电弧焊metal active-gas arc welding 混合气体保护电弧焊mixed gas arc welding二氧化碳气体保护电弧焊carbon-dioxide arc welding; CO2 a rc welding
细丝CO2焊CO2 arc welding with thin wire
粗丝CO2焊CO2 arc welding with thick wire
磁性焊剂CO2焊unionarc welding
药芯焊丝CO2焊arcos arc process; dual shield ar c welding
焊点welding spot
熔核nugget
熔核直径diameter of nugget
塑性金属环区corona bond
焊透率penetration rate
压痕indentation
压痕深度depth of indentation
压深率indentation ratio
翘离sheet separation
缩孔shrinkage cavity
胡须intrusion
电极粘损electrode pick up
喷溅splash/ expulsion
毛刺fin
飞边upset metal/ fin
焊点距weld spacing/ spot weld spacing
边距edge distance
分流shunt current
接触电阻contact resistance
电阻焊机resistance welding machine
点焊机spot welding machine
多点焊机multiple spot welding machine
移动式点焊机portable spot welding machine
缝焊机seam welding machine
纵横两用缝焊机universal seam welder
对焊机butt resistance welding machine
凸焊机projection welding machine
三相低频焊机three phase low frequency welder 二次整流电阻焊机direct current resistance welder secondary rectification
电容储能电阻焊机condenser discharge resistance welder
电容储能点焊机condenser type spot welder/ capac itor spot welding machine
工频电阻焊机mains frequency resistance welding machine
低频电阻焊机frequency converter resistance weldi ng machine
高频焊机high frequency induction welder
逆变式电阻焊机inverter type resistance welding m achine
全波阻焊电源full wave resistance welding power source
斩波阻焊电源chopped wave resistance welding po wer source
旋转焊接变压器rotary welding transformer
点焊钳spot welding head
C形点焊钳C-type welding head/ C-type gun
X形点焊钳pincer spot welding head/ pliers spot welding head
断续器contactor
同步断续器synchronous contactor
异步断续器non-synchronous contactor
程序控制器sequencer
程序时间调节器sequencer timer
电极臂arm
电极握杆electrode holder
电极台板backup die/ bolster
电极水冷管electrode cooling tube
电极头electrode tip
电极帽electrode cap
锥头电极truncated tip electrode
平头电极flat tip electrode
尖头电极pointed tip electrode
球面电极radius tip electrode
偏心电极offest electrode
直电极straight electrode
弯电极cranked electrode
双弯电极double cranked (swannecked) electrode 滚轮电极circular electrode/ welding wheel
斜棱滚轮电极bevelled wheel
顶锻机构upsetting mechanism
电极总行程total electrode stroke
工作行程operational stroke
辅助行程electrode travel/ electrode stroke
臂间距离horn spacing/ throat opening
电极臂伸出长度arm extension
摩擦焊friction welding (FW)
转速friction speed
摩擦压力friction pressure/ heating pressure
摩擦转矩friction torque
摩擦时间friction time
摩擦变形量burn-off length
摩擦变形速度burn-off rate
停车时间stopping time
顶锻变形量forge length
顶锻变形速度forge rate
摩擦表面friction surface
储能摩擦焊fly-wheel type friction welding
径向摩擦焊radial friction welding
扩散焊diffusion welding (DW)
过渡液相扩散焊transient liquid phase diffusion wel ding
热等静压扩散焊hot isotatic pressure diffusion weld ing
热轧扩散焊roll diffusion welding
扩散缝焊seam diffusion welding
超塑成形扩散焊supperplastic forming diffusion bou nding
隔离剂buttering material
爆炸焊explosive welding (EW)
爆炸点焊explosive spot welding
爆炸线焊explosive line welding
多层板爆炸焊explosive welding of multiplayer plat es
多层管爆炸焊explosive welding of multiplayer tub es
覆板（覆管）cladding plat (tube)/ flyer plate (tub e)
基板（基管）base plate(tube)/ parent plate (tube) 保护层buffer/ protector
基础base
预置角preset angle
间距initial stand-off/ spacing
装药量explosive load
装药密度charge density/ loading density 质量比mass ratio
平行法parallel plate configuration
角度法preset angle configuration
均匀布药average arranging explosive
梯形布药gradient arranging explosive
爆炸焊参数explosive welding parameters
初始参数initial parameters
动态参数dynamic parameters
界面参数interface parameters
爆轰速度detonation velocity
覆板速度cladding plate velocity
碰撞点impact point
碰撞点速度velocity of the impact point
弯折角bending angle
碰撞角collision angle
碰撞压力impact pressure
格尼能Gurney energy
垂直碰撞normal impact
倾斜碰撞oblique impact/ inclined impact
对称碰撞symmetrical impact
来流upper stream
出流down stream
再入射流re-entrant jet
自清理oneself cleaning
结合区bond zone
平面结合plane bond
波状结合wave-like bond
界面波长length of the interfacial wave
界面波幅amplitude of the interfacial wave
熔化层molten layer
熔化袋molten pocket
雷管区detonator zone
边界效应edge effect
焊接性窗口weldability windows
焊着率ratio of welding area
起爆方法method of initiation
内爆法internal explosion process
外爆法external explosion process
半圆柱试验法semi-cylinder experiment method 超声波焊ultrasonic welding (UW)
超声波点焊ultrasonic spot welding
超声波缝焊ultrasonic seam welding
超声波点焊机ultrasonic spot welder
超声波缝焊机ultrasonic seam welder
冷压焊cold pressure welding (CPW)
热压焊hot pressure welding
热轧焊hot roll welding
旋弧压力焊rotating arc pressure welding
埋弧压力焊submerged arc pressure welding
电渣压力焊electroslag pressure welding
气压焊gas pressure welding
锻焊forge-welding/ blacksmith welding
磁力脉冲焊magnetic-pulse welding
硬钎焊brazing
软钎焊soldering
烙铁钎焊iron soldering
火焰钎焊torch brazing/ torch soldering
热风钎焊hot gas soldering
感应钎焊induction brazing
电阻钎焊resistance brazing
接触反应钎焊contact-reaction brazing
电弧钎焊arc brazing
浸渍钎焊dip brazing/ dip soldering
盐浴钎焊saltbath dip brazing (soldering)
金属浴钎焊molten metal bath dip brazing
炉中钎焊furnace brazing/ furnace soldering
保护气氛钎焊brazing in controlled atmosphere
真空钎焊vacuum brazing
蒸气钎焊vapor phase soldering
超声波钎焊ultrasonic soldering
扩散钎焊diffusion brazing
波峰钎焊flow soldering/ wave soldering
分级钎焊step brazing/ step soldering
不等间隙钎焊brazing with the unparalleled cleara nce
红外线钎焊infra-red brazing (soldering)
光束钎焊light soldering (brazing)
激光钎焊laser brazing (soldering)
电子束钎焊electron beam brazing
钎接焊braze-welding
钎料brazing filler metal/ solder
硬钎料brazing filler metal
软钎料solder (m)
自钎剂钎料self-fluxing brazing alloy/ self-fluxing filler metal
活性钎料active filler metal/ active metal brazing alloy
成形钎料preformed filler metal/ solder preform 非晶态钎料amorphous filler metal
粉状钎料powdered filler metal
钎料膏braze cream/ braze paste/ solder cream/ solder paste
药皮钎料flux coated brazing(soldering)rod
层状钎料sandwich filler metal
药芯钎料丝flux-cored colder wire
敷钎料板clad brazing sheet
钎剂brazing flux; soldering flux
气体钎剂gas flux
反应钎剂reaction flux
松香钎剂colophony flux; rosin flux
钎剂膏flux paste
阻流剂stopping-off agent
钎剂活性flux activity
钎剂活性温度范围activation temperature range of flux
钎剂热稳定性thermal stability of flux
钎焊过程brazing (soldering) process
钎焊操作brazing (soldering) operation
工艺镀层technological coating
钎焊面faying face
钎缝间缝joint gap; joint clearance
钎焊参数brazing process variables
钎焊温度brazing temperature
钎焊时间brazing time
钎焊保温时间holding time of brazing
钎缝brazing seam; soldering seam
钎缝界面区interfacial region
钎缝金属brace metal
钎角fillet
钎焊接头braced joint; soldered joint
平面搭接头joggled lap joint; flush lap joint
搭接对接接头butt and lap joint
搭接T形接头lapped T-joint; flanged T-joint
锁缝接头folded joint
平面锁缝接头lick side seam joint; flat lock seam joint
锁缝角接接头lock corner joint; corner double sea m
嵌入T形接头inset T joint
T形管接头branch T saddle joint
套管接头socket joint
外喇叭口套管接头flare tube fitting
扩口套管接头spigot joint
钎焊性brazability; solderability
润湿性wettability
润湿角wetting angle; contact angle
铺展性spreadability
铺展系数spread factor; coefficient of spreading 钎着率brazed rate
脱钎de-brazing; de-soldering
润湿称量试验wetting balance test
铺展性试验spreadability test
填缝性试验clearance fillability test
未钎透incomplete penetration
虚钎cold soldered joint
钎料熔析liquation of filler metal
溶蚀erosion
钎料流失brazing filler metal erosion
钎剂夹杂flux inclusion
晶间渗入intergranular penetration
波峰钎焊机wave soldering machine
冷壁真空钎焊炉cold wall type vacuum brazing
热壁真空钎焊炉hot wall type vacuum brazing fur nace
钎焊盒brazing retort
钎剂涂敷器fluxer
钎炬brazing (soldering) blowpipe
喷灯brazing lamp
烙铁solder iron
热喷涂thermal spraying
火焰喷涂flame spraying
电弧喷涂electric arc spraying
等离子喷涂plasma spraying
高频感应喷涂high frequency spraying
气体爆燃式喷涂detonation flame spraying
金属喷涂metal spraying; metallizing
塑料喷涂plastic spraying
陶瓷喷涂ceramic spraying
喷熔spray-fusing
表面粗糙化处理surface roughening
电火花拉毛electrospark roughening
抛锚效应anchoring
喷涂层spray-fused coating
喷熔层spray-fused coating
结合层bond coating; under coating
工作层work coating 结合强度adhesive strength
涂层强度strength of coating
封孔处理sealing
封孔剂sealant
喷涂率spray rate
沉积效率deposition efficiency
孔隙率porosity
喷涂材料spraying material
自熔剂合金粉末self-fluxing alloy powder
喷炬（枪）spray torch;
热切割thermal cutting (TC)
气割gas cutting; oxygen cutting
氧溶剂切割powder cutting
氧-石英砂切割quartz powder cutting
电弧切割arc cutting
氧气电弧切割oxy-arc cutting
空气电弧切割air arc cutting
等离子弧切割plasma arc cutting (PAC)
空气等离子弧切割air plasma arc cutting
氧等离子切割oxygen plasma arc cutting
水再压缩空气等离子弧切割air plasma water injectio n arc cutting
双层气流等离子弧切割dual gas plasma arc cutting; shielded gas plasma arc cutting二氧化碳气体保护电弧焊carbon-dioxide arc welding; CO2 arc weld ing
细丝CO2焊CO2 arc welding with thin wire
粗丝CO2
中医术语翻译的国际标准与文化传承
中医术语翻译的国际标准与文化传承 近期，千华翻译公司翻译了一批中医文献，现将我们搜集的部分有用的资料共享如下： 2007年1O月，世界卫生组织(WH0)西太区颁布了《传统医学名词术语国际标准》(WHO International StandardTerminologies 011 Traditional Medicine in the Western PacificRegion)。这一标准的颁布，使得中医术语翻译的规范化进程向前迈出了坚实的一步。同时，这一标准也将有助于包括中医学在内的传统医学在世界范围内的推广和应用，因此被业内人士称为“传统医学发展的里程碑”。然而，从学科自身发展角度而言，这一新的国际术语标准并非一成不变，WHO有关官员表示在今后实践中将对此标准不断修改与完善，使术语的翻译能更准确地将中医文化体现出来。现从经络部分就中医术语的翻译和文化传承进行粗浅探索。 1 WH0西太区颁布的《传统医学名词术语国际标准》经络部分的翻译和文化传承 1．1 十二经脉的翻译与文化传承：十二经脉是结合脏腑、手足、阴阳三方面内容而命名的。WH0西太区颁布的《传统医学名词术语国际标准》中，将十二经脉的翻译如下：手太阴肺经：lung meridian(LU)；手阳明大肠经：large intestinemeridian(LI)；足阳明胃经：stomachmeridian(ST)；足太阴脾经：spleenmeridian(SP)；手少阴心经：heartmeridian(HT)；手太阳小肠经：small intestine meridian(SI)；足太阳膀胱经：bladdermeridian(BL)；足少阴。肾经：kidlleymeridian(KI)；手厥阴心包经：pericardium meridian(PC)；手少阳三焦经：triple energizer meridian(TE)；足少阳胆经：gallbladder meridian(GB)；足厥阴肝经：liver meridian(LR)。从上述翻译中可以看到，WH0西太区在翻译这些术语时，主要是由“脏腑名称”+“经脉名”构成。这种方法简便、方便交流，但这样翻译明显有遗漏。如“lung meridian(LU)”的翻译中，看不到“手太阴”的翻译。《灵枢·经脉》中对十二经脉的命名采用“脏／腑+手／足+阴／阳+脉”的形式命名。该命名形式，主要是在继承和保留“手／足+阴／阳+脉”格式的基础上，将脏腑名置于手足阴阳之前，增加了脏腑的元素，体现了经脉理论和脏腑理论的融合。所以，我们看到每一经脉的名称均依据分布于手足内外、所属脏器的名称和阴阳属性命名。为了准确、毫无遗漏的传递这些术语信息，笔者建议应以“脏或腑+经脉名称+of+手或者足+阴阳”的格式翻译，具体如下：手太阴肺经：lung meridian ofhand．taiyin(LU)；手阳明大肠经：large intestine meridian ofhand．yangming(LI)：足阳明胃经：stomach meridian offoot．yangming(ST)；足太阴脾经：spleen meridian of foot．taiyin(SP)；手少阴心经：heartmeridian ofhand．shaoyin(HT)：手太阳小肠经：small intestinemeridian ofhand．taiyang(SI)；足太阳膀胱经：bladder meridianof foot．taiyang(BL)：足少阴肾经：kidney meridian offoot．shaoyin(KI)；手厥阴心包经：pericardium meridian ofhand-jueyin(PC)；手少阳三焦经：sanjiao meridian ofhand．shaoyang(SJ)；足少阳胆经：gallbladder meridian offood—shaoyang(GB)：足厥阴肝经：livermeridian offood-jueyin(LR)。采用这样的格式英译十二经脉名，能够完整体现中医对十二经脉命名的全部信息。 另外，三焦的英译也与中医理论和传统文化不合。WHO西太区在《传统医学名词术语国际标准》将“手少阳三焦经”译为“triple energizer meridian(TE)’这里涉及一个很具有中医文化特色的术语“三焦”的翻译。三焦是一个特殊的“腑”，既是对人体胸腹部位及其所藏脏腑器官目的划分，又是对人体某些功能系统的概括。三焦分上、中、下三焦，主要
体育术语翻译
创纪录：set a record 运动员：athlete (通称，在分项体育中，指“田径运动员”) Gymnasts: 体操运动员 Weightlifters:举重运动员 Marksmen/shooters:射击运动员 Divers: 跳水运动员 Skaters: 滑冰运动员 Players : 球类/棋类运动员 运动会：games (综合性的运动会) Meet (田径赛) Championships (锦标赛) Invitation (邀请赛) Tournament (一般性比赛) Selective trials (选拔赛) Exhibition (表演赛) 足球场：football field 篮球/排球/网球/羽毛球场：court 冰球场：rink 乒乓球场：arena 田赛场：field 径赛场：the tracks 体育场：stadium 领先：to build an early lead 将比分拉开：to pull away/widen the gap 将比分又拉平：to pull even 反败为胜：to turn the tide/table 后来居上：to come from behind 领先。。。分：to race to a lead of … A胜B：A won from/ defeated/beat/downed/ B A在淘汰赛中取胜B: A ousted/eliminated B; A knocked B out; A edged/elbowed B out 在夺冠中取胜：A dethroned B; A triumphed over B; A outshone/toppled B out A败于B: A lost to B; A went down to B; A conceded/dropped a game to B A succumbed/surrendered to B A gave way to B A made way for B A relinquished his title to B A toppled/dimmed before B A resigned to B (用于棋赛) 获得冠军：to win the championship; to become champion; to win the title; To emerge the champion; to win/take/carry away the gold medal/cup/trophy To win top honor; to finish first; to be first place 径赛：track event 田赛：field event 100米赛跑：100-meter sprint 跨栏：hurdle-race 障碍赛跑：obstacle race 竞走：walking race
武术术语英译论析
武术术语英译论析 李特夫 (茂名学院英语系,广东茂名 525000) 摘 要:基于国内武术英译研究现状以及武术术语的文体特征和文化底蕴,武术术语英译应准确定位为文化翻译,并以 外尽其形,内显其理 为准则。此外,尤需注重以下文化表现问题:音译的文化传真优势、语码混杂的文化共生特色、形象移植的文化整体韵味、借词的文化语境适应、图像附注的文化跨媒介传达。关 键 词:武术术语;文化翻译;文化表现 中图分类号:G852 文献标识码:A 文章编号:1006-7116(2006)06-0063-04 On english translation of Wushu terms LI Te fu (Department of English,Maoming College,Maoming 525000,Chi na) Abstract:With globalization of Wushu,the function of translation as an intercultural bridge has long been neglected.The way of Wushu lies in the harmonious uni ty of the external form and the in ternal spirit,and so is the case with nature of transla tion.Based upon an exploration of the current Wushu translation studies in China and the s tylistic features and cultural con notations of Wushu terms,English translation of Wushu terms should be orientated to cultranslation and be guided by seek ing for the outer formal correspondence and the inner spiritual similarity .Moreover,i t should emphasize the relevant issues to the expression of culture,such as superiority of transliteration i n culture facsi mile,cultural symbiosis by mixed differen t language signs,cultural flavour in transplantation of i magery,borrowing words to cultural adaptability,cross-media cultural trans mission i n annotated pictures. Key words:Wushu terms;cultranslati on;expression of culture 收稿日期:2006-05-24 作者简介:李特夫(1969-),男,副教授,硕士,研究方向:翻译理论与实践。 中华武术历史悠久,源远流长,集技击、健身与观赏于一体,内容丰富,方法独特,素有 国术 之誉。武术术语短则一二字,长不过二三言,却涉及到拳术流派、身型手法、技击套路或长兵短械之要义精髓,而且作为一种文化载体,更折射出独特的民族文化品格和心灵境界。 武术术语翻译虽同法律、广告、商标等专业术语翻译一样,有着概念明晰和准确诠释的共性追求,但还有着武术文化的彰显与译介个性特征,可谓译事虽小,却大道存焉。特别是在当今 东学西渐 思潮下,作为一种亟待保护与传承的 活态文化 ,传统武术的现代化与国际化进程日益加快,翻译的桥梁和纽带作用尤显重要,而翻译学研究的不断深入又为重新审视武术翻译、传播提供了更为广阔的视域。 1 国内武术术语英译及其研究现状 自20世纪六七十年代以来,随着功夫影视文化的兴起与传播,武术热潮正在全世界形成,但 武术翻译研究却是一个新兴的领域,才刚刚起步 [1],武术专业词汇、术语的翻译 研究已成为迫切而首要的课题之一。1.1 整体乏力且重视不够 笔者曾对中国期刊网全文数据库1995至2005年10年间的论文进行了较为细致的检索,有关武术术语翻译方面的文章仅有两三篇,且大都只局限于具体技法之举隅,缺乏相关翻译学与语言文化角度的理论深入,如果与众多的法律、广告、商标术语翻译研究资料相比较,在质和量上的差距皆相去甚远。为了进一步说明问题,笔者还就武术词汇英译辞书情况进行了收集和了解,通过国家图书馆联机目录,仅发现有!汉英武术词汇?[2]和!英汉汉英武术常用词汇?[3]两本,成书时间都在20世纪80年代。近几年,随着奥运热的不断升温,所涌现出的大量体育英语类书籍,如!体育英语1-4册?、!体育英语?、!奥运会及国际体育比赛英语?、!英汉汉英奥运词典?等,但有关武术英译涉及甚少,连最为权威的!中国武术百科全书?[4] 中也未列出任何武术英译词条。不难看 出国内武术术语英译及研究整体乏力,至今尚未引起足够重 视。 第13卷第6期2006年11月 体 育 学 刊 Journal of Physical Education Vol.13No.6Nov .2006
(技术规范标准)科技术语翻译的规范与统一
科技术语翻译的规范与统一 作者：古龙 2009-07-04 一、引言 在科技飞速发展的今天，新理论、新概念、新材料、新技术、新工艺、新设备等不断产生，这样新的术语也不断涌现，并且，其产生和传播速度之快、渠道之多、数量之大前所未有。什么是术语?列福而马茨基在1965年《语言学引论》中给术语的定义是：“术语是专业的、其意义受限制的词，这些词作为对概念的准确表示与事物的称名趋于单义。”另一位学者盖德认为：“术语是充当定义功能并以严格的系统性、单义性、在该科学范围或者知识领域内无同义词为特点的词汇。”通俗的说术语就是描述某一个学科系统知识的关键词。因此前苏联科学家索伯列夫说：“翻译技术著作的基础是专门术语。”我们在阅读一些科技文献时，有时会碰到一些难以理解的术语，是因为这些术语有若干个翻译让我们不知所云。比如“Compact Disk”就有“镭射碟”，“镭射唱片”，“激光碟”，“激光盘”，“光盘”等翻译。我国是一个历史悠久的国家，自古以来就十分重视语言文字的规范和统一，主张“书同文，车同轨”。孔子日：“名不正则言不顺，言不顺则事不成”。可见对于科技术语，只是“书同文”还不够，还要“物同名”。语言文字一样，在交流中表达同一事物的名称不一样，一物多名，仍难以交流。因此，科技术语的规范与统一是非常重要和必要的。
二、产生术语翻译差异的主要原因 产生术语翻译的原因很多，有主观的原因，也有客观的原因。这里我们从三个方面讨论。 1．译者间缺乏交流或缺乏专业知识 不管是科技专家还是翻译专家，如果在翻译和定名时各自为战，这样就很容易造成科技术语翻译的混乱现象。很多术语出现多种翻译就是由于学科间、行业间、专家个人间各自翻译、定名未经协调统一造成的。比如Internet刚出现不久就有“国际互连网”、“互连网”，“全球互连网”、“交互网”、“因特网”、“国际电脑网络”等多个翻译。译者在翻译有关术语时，一定要懂得相关的专业知识，否则会造成误译。有些术语在不同的行业有不同的含义。比如Cell，在生物专业是“细胞”；电气专业“电池”；电子行业“元件”；机械行业“容器”；通讯行业“手机”；统计力学专业“相格”等。2．科技知识的快速翻新 当今世界已进入信息化和知识经济化时代，科学技术发展迅猛，每时每刻都产生大量的科技术语。而且他们越来越多地进入普通人的日常生活中去。据说，近2O年新产生的术语是有史以来所有术语的2O倍。面对如此庞大的术语数量以及新生的科学分支，我们不可能一开始对每一个新产生的术语有深入的了解。因此，在术语产生初期会出现几种不同的译
常用专业术语翻译
1.素质教育：Quality Education 2. EQ：分两种，一种为教育商数Educational quotient，另一种情感商数Emotional quotient 3. 保险业：the insurance industry 4. 保证重点指出：ensure funding for priority areas 5. 补发拖欠的养老金：clear up pension payments in arrears 6. 不良贷款：non-performing loan 7. 层层转包和违法分包：mutlti-level contracting and illegal subcontracting 8. 城乡信用社：credit cooperative in both urban and rural areas 9. 城镇居民最低生活保障：a minimum standard of living for city residents 10. 城镇职工医疗保障制度：the system of medical insurance for urban workers 11. 出口信贷：export credit 12. 贷款质量：loan quality 13. 贷款质量五级分类办法：the five-category assets classification for bank loans 14. 防范和化解金融风险：take precautions against and reduce financial risks 15. 防洪工程：flood-prevention project 16. 非法外汇交易：illegal foreign exchange transaction 17. 非贸易收汇：foreign exchange earnings through nontrade channels 18. 非银行金融机构：non-bank financial institutions 19. 费改税：transform administrative fees into taxes 20. 跟踪审计：foolow-up auditing 21. 工程监理制度：the monitoring system for projects 22. 国有资产安全：the safety of state-owned assets 23. 过度开垦：excess reclamation 24. 合同管理制度：the contract system for governing projects 25. 积极的财政政策：pro-active fiscal policy 26. 基本生活费：basic allowance 27. 解除劳动关系：sever labor relation 28. 金融监管责任制：the responsibility system for financial supervision 29. 经济安全：economic security 30. 靠扩大财政赤字搞建设：to increase the deficit to spend more on development 31. 扩大国内需求：the expansion of domestic demand 32. 拉动经济增长：fuel economic growth 33. 粮食仓库：grain depot 34. 粮食收购企业：grain collection and storage enterprise 35. 粮食收购资金实行封闭运行：closed operation of grain purchase funds 36. 粮食销售市场：grain sales market 37. 劣质工程：shoddy engineering
第二章 体育术语的翻译
Chapter Two Translation of Sports Terminology Modern competitive sport is really a large compass of games, each of which witness hundreds of year’s growth from rough and a raw entertainment into a complex discipline. Words dedicated into the work of description of these games were gradually pooled into a very different group away from general English vocabulary. This special semantic stock is defined as Sports Terminology. These are the words and expression denotes specific activity in the scope of sports, ranging from names of the games to terms designating techniques of a sport. Thanks to compilers of many dictionaries, these vocabularies have been grooved as treasure which spares readers lots of trouble and toil. Hence, it is not a motive here to exhaust words of this kind and give each a perfect place, a work which has been done by those compilers. What needed to put up right here is several principles which underlies the translation practice of sports terms. ⅠThe ways by which Sports Terminology shape its realm. Through two ways, the Sports Terms take in, maintain and even grow its pool. One method is to recruit words from general English. The transfer from a general word into a specialized one makes many English words polysemous. Like other ESP, words from this source
四六级翻译30个常用句型
1)It is+形容词+that It is conceivable that knowledge plays an important role in our life. 可想而知，知识在我们的一生中扮演着一个重要的角色。 2)It is+形容词+to do/ doing She had said what it was necessary to say. 她已经说了一切有必要说的话。 3)祈使句/名词+and/ or Work hard, and you will finally be able to reach your destination. 努力工作，你就能实现自己的目标。 4)as+many/ much+名词+as It is said that visitors spend only half as much money in a day in Leeds as in Lon-don. 据说，游客每天在利兹的花销仅为在伦敦的一半。 5)倍数词+as+形容词+as The reservoir is three times as big as it was ten years ago. 这个水库的面积是十年前三倍。 6) 倍数词+ more +名词/形容词十than Smoking is so harmful to personal health that it kills seven times more people each year than automobile accidents. 吸烟对人体健康的危害极大，每年死于吸烟的人比死于车祸的人多七倍。 7)(not)as/ so...as(和……(不)一样)
科技英语中专业术语的翻译
科技英语中专业术语的 翻译 集团文件版本号：（M928-T898-M248-WU2669-I2896-DQ586-M1988）
科技英语中专业术语的翻译 1.意译：根据科技术语的含义，将其翻译成汉语里和它完全对等的名词就叫意译。对单个词语来说，意译也就是直译。意译法是最常用的翻译方法，它能使读者直接了解术语的含义。例子如下： ①firewall ．．．．．．．． ：防火墙 ②data mining ．．．．．．．．．． ：数据挖掘 ③automatic program control ．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．． ：自动程序控制 2.形译：英语中有些科技术语的前半部分是表示该术语形象的字母或单词，翻译成汉语时可把这一部分翻译成表示具体形象的词，或保留原来的字母，这就叫形译。例子如下： I ．-．bar ．．． 工字钢、工字条；O ．-．ring ．．．． 环形圈；twist ．．．．．-．drill ．．．．．麻花钻；X ．-．Ray ．．．X 光；α．-．brass ．．．．． α黄铜[1] 3.音译：根据英语发音翻译成汉语里相应的词。科技英语中某些有专业名词构成的术语、单位名称、新型材料的名称等，在翻译时都可采用音译法。例子如下： gene ．．．． 基因；quark ．．．．． 夸克；Pentium ．．．．．．． 奔腾 celluloid ．．．．．．．．． 赛璐璐；nylon ．．．．． 尼龙 Hertz ．．．．．（Hz ）赫兹（频率单位）；lumen ．．．．．流明（光通量单位） 4.缩写词：英语首字母缩写词在科技新词中占很大比重，这类词如果译成汉语，就显得拖沓冗长，因此很多情况下干脆不翻译。例子如下： CPU ．．．：．C ．entral Processing Unit ．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．(中央处理器) ASCII ．．．．．：．American S ．．．．．．．．．tandard ．．．．．．． C ．ode ．．． for ．．． I ．nformation ．．．．．．．．．． I ．nterchange ．．．．．．．．．． (美国信息交换标准码) ATM ．．．：．A ．synchronous ．．．．．．．．．．． T ．ransfer ．．．．．．． M ．ode ．．． (异步传输方式) 一些国际组织的缩写也常采用这种办法。例子如下： WTO ．．．(国际贸易组织)；UNESCO ．．．．．．(联合国教科文组织)；WHO ．．．(世界卫生组织)；IOC ．．． (国际奥委会)
口译专业术语翻译
1.科学发展观the Outlook of Scientific Development（也有一说outlook 应为conception，有兴趣自己 去查字典了解了解两词的区别【谢谢方雪梅同学的讨论】） 2.倡导公正、合理的新秩序观call for the establishment of a new just and equitable order 3.以平等互利为核心的新发展观new thinking on development based on equality and mutual benefit 4.推动树立以互信、互利、平等和协作为主要内容的新安全观foster a new thinking on security featuring mutual trust, mutual benefit, equality and coordination 5.主张形成以尊重多样性为特点的新文明观foster a new thinking on civilization that respects diversity 6.新能源观new thinking on energy development 有关先进文化的词汇 1.古为今用、洋为中用 旧译let the ancient serve the present, let the foreign serve the national 现译draw from past and foreign achievements 2.文艺工作cultural and art work; work in the cultural field 3.牢牢把握先进文化的前进方向firmly keep to the direction of an advanced culture/cultural advancement 4.文化与经济和政治互相交融interaction between cultural work, and economic and political activities cultural elements/factors intermingle with economic and political factors 5.民族的科学的大众的社会主义文化 a socialist culture that is distinctly Chinese, pro-science and people-oriented 6.弘扬主旋律，提倡多样化promote mainstream values and uphold cultural diversity 7.以科学的理论武装人，以正确的舆论引导人，以崇高的精神塑造人，以优秀的作品鼓舞人Equip/empower people with scientific theories, guide them with correct opinions/ convey to them right messages/provide them with correct media guidance, imbue them with a noble spirit and inspire them with excellent/fine works 8.具有中国气派的社会主义文化Chinese-style socialist culture; socialist culture with Chinese appeal 9.越是民族的，越是世界的The pride of a nation is also the pride of the world. What's unique for a nation is also precious for the world. When you are unique, the world comes to you.
中医术语英文翻译对照表
中医术语英文翻译对照表 治则 principle of treatment 在对临床的具体立法、处方、用药等具有普遍的指导意义，因而在治疗疾病时必须遵循的基本原则。 治病求本 treatment aiming at its pathogenesis 针对产生疾病的根本原因进行治疗的原则。 急则治标 symptomatic treatment in acute condition 与缓则治本相对而言，在大出血、暴泻、剧痛等标症甚急的情况，及时救治标病 缓则治本 radical treatment in chronic case 与急则治标相对而言，针对病势缓和、病情缓慢的情况，从本病的病机出发，采取调理、补益为主的治疗原则。标本兼治 treating both manifestation and root cause of disease 针对病证出现的标本并重的情况，采用治标与治本相结合的治疗原则。 治未病 preventive treatment of disease 采取一定的措施防止疾病产生和发展的治疗原则，包括未病先防和既病防变两个方面。 同病异治 treating same disease with different methods 表现相同的病证，可因人、因时、因地的不同，或由于病情的发展、病机的变化、病型的各异、正邪消长等差异，采取不同治法的治疗原则。 异病同治 treating different diseases with same method 表现不同的病证，由于发病机理相同，采取相同治法的治疗原则。 因时制宜 treatment in accordance with seasonal conditions 考虑到时令气候寒热燥湿的不同而选择适宜的治法、方药的治疗原则。 因地制宜 treatment in accordance with local conditions 考虑到地域环境的不同而选择适宜的治法、方药的治疗原则。 因人制宜 treatment in accordance with the patient's individuality 考虑到病人的体质、性别、年龄、生活习惯以及过去病史等个体差异性的不同而选择适宜的治法、方药的治疗原则。 扶正祛邪 strengthening vital qi to eliminate pathogenic factor 对于正虚为主、因虚致实的病证，应采取扶助正气为主，使正气加强，从而达到驱除病邪目的的治疗原则。 祛邪扶正 eliminating pathogen and strengthening vital qi 对于邪气实而正气偏虚的病证，应采用以消除病邪为主，扶助正气为辅，使邪去正安或正复的治疗原则。 扶正固本 strengthening body resistance 对于正气亏虚的病证，采用培补正气以愈病的治疗原则。 攻补兼施 reinforcement and elimination in combination 对于虚实夹杂，或虚实病情相当，可采用既祛邪又培补，即攻邪与扶正并重的治疗原则。 正治法 orthodox treatment 又称“逆治法”。 针对疾病的本质，从正面进行治疗，即逆病性而治的常规方法。 寒者热之 treating cold syndrome with hot natured drugs 针对寒性的病证应使用温热方药进行治疗的原则。 热者寒之 treating heat syndrome with cold natured drugs 针对热性的病证应使用寒凉方药进行治疗的原则。 虚者补之 treating deficiency syndrome with tonifying method 又称“虚则补之”。
网球术语翻译
排球运动是一项间接对抗的集体运动项目，随着规则的修改，运动员技、战术研究的意义水平的不断提高完善，相对缩小了强弱之间的差距,使比赛越来越精彩，越来越激烈，在这种大的背景下就对二传手提出了更高的要求。V olleyball is a collective movement against indirect project, with the rules change, the athlete skill and tactics the significance of the constant improvement of perfect, the relatively narrow the gap between the strength, make the competition more and more fascinating, more and more fierce, in the background of the big to setter put forward higher request. 排球运动员在比赛场上每一项技术、战术的正确运用，无一不受一定的技战术意识支配，无一不包含有技战术意识的内容。V olleyball players on the pitch in each and every one of the technical and tactical correct application of all extent of control tactics consciousness, are all contain the content of the tactics consciousness. 运动员的丰富比赛经验，实际上就是提炼出来的技战术意识在高水平的对抗中将发挥独特的作用。Rich experience of the athletes game, is actually produced in the high level of consciousness tactics against will play special role. 因此，将排球战术意识融入技、战术训练之中是十分必要的。现代排球比赛是在激烈竞争和复杂的局面中以己之长克敌之短，在排球比赛中，当两支队伍的个人能力不相上下时，队员的战术意识就成了决定胜负的关键，所以战术意识是排球运动员必须具备且要不断提高的。So, will the tactics of volleyball consciousness into skill and tactics of training is very necessary. Modern volleyball games are in fierce competition and complicated situation to yourself short overcomes long, in the volleyball match, when two team consists of personal ability equal, players tactical awareness is the decisive key, so tactical awareness is volleyball players must have to constantly improve. 二传手是全队的灵魂，是整个攻防体系的桥梁和纽带。它决定着全队进攻的成功率，甚至决定着比赛的最终胜负。Setter is the soul of the team, is the whole transition defense of the bridge and the link. It determines the success rate of the attack, and even decide the final outcome of the game. 所以，二传手不仅要具备较高的技术水平，还要具有较强的战术意识。So, not only has a high setter technical level, but also has stronger tactical awareness. 比赛中二传手对于激烈复杂的竞争场面和变幻莫测的瞬间局面，如何巧妙地运用战术，以便更合理准确灵活地发挥体能和技术的效能,是取胜的根本，而这则有赖于二传手的战术意识。Game for the fierce competition of the setter complex scenes and changeable situation moment, how smart use of tactics, so that more reasonable accurate physical fitness and technology play of flexible performance, is the fundamental to win, and this is a setter depends on the tactical awareness. 因此，战术意识被誉为排球场上的“活灵魂”，渗透于每一项实际技、战术之中，它是二传手高度智慧的“结晶”。Therefore, tactical awareness is known as volleyball court's living soul "and penetration in each and every one of the actual skill and tactics in, it is the height of the
英语翻译常用句型
翻译中常见的句型 1．否定句型 1）部分否定。其否定意义只局限于整体中的一部分。其形式：“概括词all, every等+not+谓语动词”。常用于该句型词：all, both, everybody, everywhere, always, altogether, entirely, wholly等。 All is not gold that glitters. I do not wholly agree. 2) 完全否定。其形式：no, none 等否定词+肯定式谓语。常用于该句型词：no, none, nobody, nothing, nowhere, never, neither, nowhere, nowise, 等。还有一种句型：all等概括词+肯定式谓语+否定意义的词。 No words can describe the scene. 任何言词均不能描绘那景色。 All his plan came to nothing. 3)双重否定 a.主语+cannot+ help/refrain/keep + from + v-ing He could not help showing his pleasure.他不由得喜形于色。 b.主语+cannot+ but/choose but/ help but +do They can not choose but admit that they are wrong. c.(there be) not +主语+but+谓语 (There is )Nobody but has his faults. 人人都有缺点。 2．判断句型 1）强调判断句 a.主语+be+ no/none +other than/but +表语（强调内容） The tall figure that I saw was none other than our commander. b.主语+be+ nothing+(else)but/ else than/ less than+ 表语 Genius is nothing but labor and diligence.天才只不过是劳动加勤奋而已。 c.it is/was +强调部分+that/ who +从句 It is I who am to blame. 2) 正反判断句 a.主语+be +not+表语a, but +表语b What I admire in Columbus is not his discovered a world, but his having gone to search for it on the faith of an opinion. b.(it is) not… that(who) …, but…that (who) Not that we are afraid of them, but that they are afraid of us. 3)比较判断句： a.主语+be less+表语a +than表语b / more+表语b+表语a Experience shows that success is due less to abilities than to zeal. b.主语+be+表语b+ rather than+表语a He is an artist rather than a philosopher. c.主语+be+ not so much +表语a+ as+表语b It is so much advice as approval that he seeks. 他寻求的与其说是忠告，不如说是忠告。3．倍数表示句型： a.主语+be+倍数+that of 被比较对象/ as +形容词+as+被比较对象